ARTICLE · 1062073
人教版小学英语常见句型总结(赶紧给孩子收藏)


人教版小学英语(PEP)的句型体系是按照“场景交际+语法进阶”双线设计的,从三年级入门到六年级备考,核心可以梳理为以下8大基础句式和12个高频功能场景句型,覆盖课本全册80%以上的对话、写作和考试考点。
📚 一、8大基础语法句式(句法核心)
这是搭建英语句子的底层逻辑,贯穿1-6年级:
1. 主系表句型(S+V+P):主语+be动词+名词/形容词,用于描述身份、状态、特征。
- 例:I am a student.(我是学生。) / She is happy.(她很开心。)
2. 主谓句型(S+V):主语+不及物动词,描述动作。
- 例:The bird flies.(鸟会飞。) / He runs fast.(他跑得很快。)
3. 主谓宾句型(S+V+O):主语+及物动词+宾语,最常用的表达结构。
- 例:She eats an apple.(她吃苹果。) / I like apples.(我喜欢苹果。)
4. 主谓双宾句型(S+V+IO+DO):主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。
- 例:Mom gives me a gift.(妈妈给我一个礼物。)
5. 主谓宾补句型(S+V+O+C):主语+动词+宾语+补语,补充说明宾语状态。
- 例:We keep the room clean.(我们保持房间干净。)
6. There be句型:表示“某地有某物”,遵循就近原则。
- 例:There is a book on the desk.(桌上有一本书。) / There are three birds in the tree.(树上有三只鸟。)
7. 祈使句:肯定句以动词原形开头,否定句以Don't开头,建议用Let's。
- 例:Open the door, please.(请开门。) / Don't run.(别跑。) / Let's go.(我们走吧。)
8. 感叹句:用What或How开头表达强烈情感。
- 例:What a big cake!(多大的蛋糕啊!) / How fast he runs!(他跑得多快啊!)
💬 二、12个高频功能场景句型(交际核心)
按课本单元主题分类,是日常对话、考试情景题的重点:
场景分类 核心句型 课本典型例句
问候与介绍 Hello/Hi/Good morning. How are you? What's your name? I'm Wu Yifan. / My name's Chen Jie.
物品与归属 What's this/that? It's a/an... / Whose... is this? This is my friend, Amy. / That is a cat.
描述特征 What colour is it? / What's she/he like? / How tall/heavy...? She's tall and kind. / He has long hair.
数量与价格 How many+复数名词? / How much+不可数名词/价格? How many pens do you have? / It's twenty yuan.
时间与日期 What time is it? / When is your birthday? It's 7:30. / It's on May 5th.
方位与地点 Where is/are...? / How can I get to...? It's under the desk. / You can go by bus.
天气与季节 What's the weather like? / Which season do you like best? It's sunny. / I like spring best.
饮食与意愿 What would you like? / What's your favourite food? I'd like some bread. / I like ice cream best.
职业与身份 What does he/she do? / Who's that man/woman? He is a doctor. / She's our art teacher.
爱好与能力 What can you do? / Do you like...? I can sing and dance. / Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
身体状况与情绪 What's the matter? / How do you feel? I have a cold. / I feel happy/tired.
日常活动与时态 一般现在时/进行时/将来时/过去时 I usually read books. / I'm doing homework. / I went to the zoo.
⚠️ 三、重点易错点提醒
1. How many vs How much:How many后必须接可数名词复数(How many books?),How much接不可数名词或询问价格(How much milk? / How much is it?)。
2. 否定句规则:be动词后直接加not(He is not a teacher.);实义动词需借助don't/doesn't/didn't+动词原形(She doesn't eat meat.)。
3. 一般疑问句:be动词/助动词提前,回答用Yes/No+主语+谓语(Is she your sister? → Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.)。
4. 比较级/最高级:A+be+比较级+than+B(Tom is taller than Jerry.);the+最高级+范围(He is the tallest in our class.)。