高中英语课标3000词40篇40小时通关(27版)passage 16

Week 8

Passage16 

个性笔记

We are encouraged to eat whole foods and avoid processed ones. But there is limited comprehension of what exactly qualifies as ultra-processed food or how these foods affect our health. Broadly labelling ultra-processed foods as bad could not only lead us to ignore other potential factors contributing to obesity, but may create a new set of unintended health consequences. 

For decades, public health experts have warned against commercial ultra-processed foods, blaming them for global increases in obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Already, some countries have included recommendations against the consumption of these foods in their national dietary guidelines. 

However, there are too many unknowns to justify such sweeping recommendations, according to a panel of nutrition specialists at a conference hosted by the American Society for Nutrition on 23 July. 

Despite the oft-repeated message that ultra-processed foods are bad for us, actually there is no universal definition of such products. The most widely used description is the NOVA system saying that a food is ultra-processed if processed to combinemultiple ingredients, whose origins are from other foods, designed to enhance flavor and appeal. 

This theory is broad and unclear, and it can be difficult to classify foods. What’s more, without a clear definition of “ultra-processed”, it is somewhat challenging to investigate what it is about these foods that may be harming health. 

Simply classifying foods this way also fails to capture the real effects some of them have on health. Research shows that foods often classified as ultra-processed can provide multiple essential nutrients in our diets. 

A recent study of 1140 children aged between 6 and 23 months old in the US showed that about 75% of their iron intake and 48% of their zinc intake came from foods regarded as ultra-processed by NOVA. Julie Hess at the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and her colleagues recently constructed a seven-day menu of mostly ultra-processed foods and found it had a diet quality scored of 86 out of 100. By comparison, the average US diet has a score of 58.

This means blanket guidance to avoid such foods could lead to a lack of these crucial nutrients. Ultra-processed food can form part of a healthy diet. 

“There is still a lot that we don’t know about ultra-processed foods,” says Lauren O’Connor at the USDA. “We have to be extremelycareful not tostigmatize (使……蒙上污名) any foods.”

1. comprehension 

2. qualify 

3. label 

4. factor 

5. intend 

6. consequence 

7. commercial

8. blame 

9. consumption 

10. justify 

11. sweep 

12. panel 

13. specialist 

14. conference 

15. despite 

16. actually 

17. definition 

18. description 

19. combine 

20. multiple

21. origin 

22. flavour 

23. theory

24. somewhat 

25. investigate 

26. essential 

27. regard 

28. mostly 

29. comparison 

23. blanket 

31. lack 

32. crucial 

33. extremely

目标达成情况

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1. comprehension/ˌkɒmprɪˈhenʃən/                    n. 理解；理解力；理解力练习

【搭配】reading comprehension 阅读理解

listening comprehension 听力理解

【变形】comprehend v. 理解

comprehensive adj. 全面的；综合的                    【同义词】understanding, grasp

2. qualify/ˈkwɒlɪfaɪ/ v. (使)具有资格；(使)合格                    【搭配】qualify for 有资格；合格

qualify as 取得…资格

qualify to do sth. 有资格做某事

【变形】qualification n. 资格；资历

qualified adj. 有资格的；合格的

3. label /ˈleɪbl/ n./v.标签；标记；贴标签于；把…称为                    【搭配】price label 价格标签

label sb./sth. as 把…称为

【同义词】n. tag, brand; v. tag, categorize

4. factor/ˈfæktə(r)/ n. 因素；因子；系数                    【搭配】key factor 关键因素

【同义词】element, aspect, cause

5. intend /ɪnˈtend/ v.打算；想要；意指；计划                    【搭配】intend to do sth. 打算做某事

intend for 打算供…使用                    【变形】intention n. 意图；打算

intentional adj. 故意的；有意的

6. consequence /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/ n. 后果；结果；重要性                    【搭配】as a consequence 因此

【变形】consequent adj. 随之发生的

consequently adv. 因此；所以                    【同义词】result, outcome, effect

7. commercial /kəˈmɜːʃəl/ adj./ n. 商业的；商业广告                    【搭配】commercial bank 商业银行

TV commercial 电视广告                    【变形】commerce n. 商业；贸易

8. blame /bleɪm/ v./n. 责备；指责；归咎于；责任                    【搭配】blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人

blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人

put/lay the blame on 把责任推给

9. consumption /kənˈsʌmpʃən/ n. 消费；消耗（量）

【搭配】energy consumption 能源消耗

consumption tax 消费税

【变形】consume v. 消费；消耗；consumer n. 消费者

20. multiple /ˈmʌltɪpl/ adj./n. 多个的；多种的；倍数

【搭配】multiple choice 多项选择；multiple times 多次

【变形】multiply v. 乘；倍增

【同义词】numerous, many

21. origin /ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/ n. 起源；出身；原点；由来                    【搭配】have one's origin in 起源于；by origin 论出身

【变形】original adj. 原来的；独创的 n. 原件

originate v. 起源；发起                    【同义词】source, beginning, root

22. flavour (flavor) /ˈfleɪvə(r)/                    n. 味道；风味；特点；调味

23. theory/ˈθɪəri/ n. 理论；学说；原理；意见                    【搭配】in theory 理论上；theory of relativity 相对论

【变形】theoretical adj. 理论的；theorist n. 理论家

24. somewhat /ˈsʌmwɒt/ adv. 有点；稍微                    【搭配】somewhat different 有点不同

【同义词】rather, slightly, a little

25. investigate /ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt/ v. 调查；研究；审查                    【搭配】investigate into 调查

【变形】investigation n. 调查；investigator n. 调查员

26. essential /ɪˈsenʃl/ adj./n. 

必要的；本质的；基本的；必需品；要素                    【搭配】essential for/to 对…是必要的

essentials of life 生活必需品                    【变形】essence n. 本质；精华                    【同义词】necessary, vital, crucial                    【反义词】unnecessary, inessential

27. regard /rɪˈɡɑːd/ v./n. 

认为；看待；注意；问候；方面                    【搭配】regard … as 视为；认为

in/with regard to 关于

regardless of 不顾；不管

give one's regards to 代某人向…问好                    【变形】regarding prep. 关于

28. mostly /ˈməʊstli/ adv. 主要地；大部分；通常                    【搭配】mostly likely 很可能                    【同义词】mainly, chiefly, primarily

10. justify /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/ v. 证明…正当；是…的正当理由                    【搭配】justify oneself 为自己辩护

justify doing sth. 证明做某事是正当的

【变形】justification n. 正当理由justified adj.合理的

11. sweep (swept, swept) /swiːp/                    v. 打扫；扫过；席卷；横扫；掠过

【搭配】sweep away 清除；一扫而空

sweep through 席卷；顺利通过

sweep the floor 扫地

12. panel /ˈpænl/ n. 面板；仪表板；专门小组

【搭配】solar panel 太阳能电池板

panel of experts 专家小组

13. specialist /ˈspeʃəlɪst/ n. 专家；专科医生                    【搭配】specialist in ...方面的专家

【变形】special adj. 特别的；专门的

specialty n. 专业；特产specialize v. 专攻

【同义词】expert, professional

14. conference /ˈkɒnfərəns/ n. 会议；讨论会；协商会                    【搭配】hold a conference 举行会议

press conference 记者招待会

【同义词】meeting, convention

15. despite /dɪˈspaɪt/ prep. 尽管；不管；不顾                    【搭配】despite the fact that 尽管事实是

【同义词】in spite of                    【注意】后接名词或动名词，不接of，不接that 从句

16. actually /ˈæktʃuəli/ adv. 实际上；事实上；的确                    【搭配】actually speaking 实际上

【同义词】in fact, really, truly

17. definition /ˌdefɪˈnɪʃən/ n. 定义；清晰度；解说                    【搭配】by definition 根据定义

【变形】define v. 定义；definite adj. 明确的

definitive adj. 决定性的；权威的

18. description /dɪˈskrɪpʃən/ n. 描述；描写；形容；种类

【搭配】give a description 描述

job description 职位描述

【变形】describe v. 描述；descriptive adj. 描述的                    【同义词】account, portrayal

19. combine /kəmˈbaɪn/ v. 结合；联合；合并；兼有

【搭配】combine with 与…结合

combine to do 联合起来做

【变形】combination n. 结合；组合

combined adj. 联合的；结合的                    【同义词】unite, merge, mix【反义词】separate

29. comparison /kəmˈpærɪsən/ n. 比较；对照；比喻                    【搭配】in comparison with 与…相比

by comparison 比较起来

make a comparison 做比较

【变形】compare v. 比较

comparative adj. 比较的；相对的                    【同义词】contrast, analogy 

30. blanket/ˈblæŋkɪt/ n. 毯子；覆盖层；覆盖着…的                    【搭配】electric blanket 电热毯

wet blanket 扫兴的人

a blanket of snow 一层雪

【同义词】covering, cover

31. lack /læk/ n./v. 缺乏；不足；没有                    【搭配】lack of 缺乏；for lack of 因缺乏

【同义词】shortage

32. crucial /ˈkruːʃl/ adj. 至关重要的；关键性的                    【搭配】crucial to/for 对…至关重要

play a crucial role 起关键作用                    【同义词】critical, vital, essential

33. extremely /ɪkˈstriːmli/ adv. 极其；非常                    【搭配】extremely important 极其重要

extremely difficult 极其困难

【变形】extreme adj. 极端的；极度的 n. 极端

【同义词】very, exceedingly, immensely