考研英语阅读真题多维拓展02

真题出处：1986年考研英语（一）第2篇

难度系数：6

维度1：阅读理解

At the bottom of the world lies a mighty continent still wrapped in the Ice Age and, until recent times, unknown to man. It is a great land mass with mountain ranges whose extent and elevation are still uncertain. Much of the continent is a complete blank on our maps. Man has explored, on foot, less than one per cent of its area. Antarctica differs fundamentally from the Arctic regions. The Arctic is an ocean, covered with drifting packed ice and hemmed in by the land masses of Europe, Asia, and North America. The Antarctic is a continent almost as large as Europe and Australia combined, centered roughly on the South Pole and surrounded by the most unobstructed water areas of the world -- the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.

The continental ice sheet is more than two miles high in its centre, thus, the air over the Antarctic is far more refrigerated than it is over the Arctic regions. This cold air current from the land is so forceful that it makes the nearby seas the stormiest in the world and renders unlivable those regions whose counterparts at the opposite end of the globe are inhabited. Thus, more than a million persons live within 2,000 miles of the North Pole in an area that includes most of Alaska, Siberia, and Scandinavia -- a region rich in forest and mining industries. Apart from a handful of weather stations, within the same distance of the South Pole there is not a single tree, industry, or settlement.

1)The best title for this selection would be ________.

[A] Iceland[B] Land of Opportunity

[C] The Unknown Continent[D] Utopia at Last

2)At the time this article was written, our knowledge of Antarctica was ________.

[A] very limited[B] vast

[C] fairly rich[D] nonexistent

3)Antarctica is bordered by the ________.

[A] Pacific Ocean[B] Indian Ocean

[C] Atlantic Ocean[D] All three

4)The Antarctic is made uninhabitable primarily by ________.

[A] cold air[B] calm seas

[C] ice[D] lack of knowledge about the continent

5)According to this article ________.

[A] 2,000 people live on the Antarctic Continent

[B] a million people live within 2,000 miles of the South Pole

[C] weather conditions within a 2,000 mile radius of the South Pole make settlements impractical

[D] only a handful of natives inhabit Antarctica

维度2：语块快递

1)a mighty continent wrapped in the Ice Age一片被冰河时代笼罩的广袤大陆

2)a mighty continent unknown to man一片人类尚未知晓的辽阔大陆

3)a great land mass with mountain ranges一片分布着众多山脉的巨大陆块

4)Antarctica differs fundamentally from the Arctic regions.南极洲与北极地区有着本质上的区别。

5)an ocean covered with drifting packed ice一片覆盖着流动浮冰的海洋

6)a continent almost as large as Europe and Australia combined一块面积几乎相当于欧洲与澳大利亚总和的大陆

7)to center roughly on the South Pole大致以南极为中心

8)to render those regions unlivable致使这些区域无法居住

9)a region rich in forest and mining industries森林与采矿业都十分发达的地区

10)apart from a handful of weather stations除了为数不多的几座气象站之外

维度3：写译句型

语言点：状语在句首的倒装句

英语行文中，出于修辞的需要（尤其是主语偏长），句型SVA（主语+动词+状语）可以采用全部倒装，变成AVS（状语+动词+主语）结构。该句式中的状语，可以是here，up，down这样的方位副词，也可以是on the desk, to the west这样的介词词组。该篇文章第一句At the bottom of the world lies a mighty continent still wrapped in the Ice Age and, until recent times, unknown to man中，由于主语（a mighty continent......）太长，就使用了倒装结构，将用作状语的介词词组at the bottom of the world置于句首。再请看2015年考研英语（一）英译汉部分中的句子：

Across the Atlanticcamesuccessive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.成群的英格兰人、法国人、德国人、苏格兰人、爱尔兰人、荷兰人、瑞典人和很多其他的人都陆续横跨大西洋来到这儿，他们试图把他们的习惯和传统照搬到新大陆。

该句中，句首的介词词组across the Atlantic是状语，真正的主语是came后由25个单词构成的名词词组，是由SVA（主语+动词+状语）句式转换而来的AVS（状语+动词+主语）句式。

如果主语后是系动词be，用作表语的介词词组也可以采用类似的全倒装。请看1987年考研英语（一）英译汉部分的句子：

At the basis of much of this inactionisan old-fashioned concept -- the idea human conditions will naturally tend to regulate themselves for the general goal.（造成这种不作为的主要根源，是一种陈旧的观念—— 即认为人类社会状况会为了共同目标而自然而然地趋向自我调节）

汉译英练习：

请将下面的句子翻译成英语，翻译时，请使用倒装结构，将表示地点的介词词组置于句首。

1)长沙是湖南省省会，也是一个有3000多年历史的美丽古城。长沙的西边是秀美的岳麓山，山下有千年书院“岳麓书院”( Yuelu Academy)等众多古迹。

2)市区中心的古城楼天心阁( Tianxin Tower)，距今有1000多年的历史。

3)湖的西侧是著名的“鸟岛”，吸引着来自世界各地的观鸟者。

维度4：单词节点

节点内容：双词介词

英语中的介词，按照构成的单词个数，可分为单词介词和多词介词。单词介词指on, in, at, with这样的单词，多词介词又分双词介词（如because of，owing to，except for）、三词介词（如in front of，in favor of）和四词介词（如in the light of，at the cost of）。上面阅读段落中，最后一段最后一句Apart from a handful of weather stations, within the same distance of the South Pole there is not a single tree, industry, or settlement.中，apart from就是一个双词介词，它的意思是“除……外（别无）；除……外（还）”。下面10个句子中各有一个双词介词。

1)This service should be available to everybody, irrespective of whether they can afford it. 这项服务应该面向所有人，不管他们是否负担得起。（irrespective of不管）

2)All applicants will be considered regardless of age, sex, religion or nationality. 所有申请者，不论其年龄、性别、宗教信仰及国籍，都可考虑。（regardless of  不顾，不惜）

3)The election was conducted six months ahead of schedule. 选举比预定时间提前了六个月举行。（ahead of 在……之前）

4)As regards delivery, this normally takes two or three weeks.至于交货，通常需要二三个星期。（as regards 至于，关于）

5)The result of the experiment is quite other than what you expected.  实验结果与你料想的完全不同。（other than 不同于，非；除了）

6)Contrary to popular belief, moderate exercise actually decreases your appetite. 与通常的看法相反，适度的运动事实上会降低食欲。（contrary to 与……相反）

7)The breakdown was due to a mechanical failure. 抛锚是机械故障造成的。（due to 因为，由于）

8)Prior to his trip to Japan, he explored New York. 在启程前往日本之前，他游览了纽约。（prior to 在……之前）

9)Previous to coming here, I worked in London.来这儿之前，我在伦敦工作。（previous to 在……之前）

10)Thanks to the joint efforts of all volunteers, we finished the difficult public‑welfare task ahead of the planned schedule.多亏了全体志愿者的共同努力，我们提前完成了这项艰巨的公益任务。（thanks to 由于，多亏）

练习答案

1.阅读理解

3. 写译句型参考译文

1）Changsha, the capital of Hunan Province, is a beautiful ancient city with a history of over 3 000 years. In the west of the cityis the beautiful Yuelu Mountain, at the foot of which are many historic sites such as the Yuelu Academy dating a millennium back. 

2）In the center of the cityis the ancient city gate tower---the Tianxin Tower, which was first built more than 1 000 years ago. 

3）To the west of the lake are the famous "Bird Island", attracting from all over the world.