ARTICLE · 992155
【每日语法系列】《每天一个初中英语语法》-一般过去式
初中英语重难点 ｜ 一般过去时：别再只会加 ed 了
你家孩子是不是一提到"过去时"，就只会在动词后面加 ed？
这个变化没错，但只是冰山一角。真正拉开分差的，是那些"不按套路"的坑：go 的过去式为什么是 went？didn't 后面为什么必须用原形？was 和 were 到底怎么分？
这篇只解决一个问题：把一般过去时，从"背变化"升级成"认结构"。
01 先弄清出处：这讲的是几年级的知识点？
一般过去时是人教版（2024）七年级下册的核心语法，集中出现在 Unit 11 与 Unit 12（旧版对应 How was your school trip? / What did you do last weekend?），是中考单选、完形、写作的基础时态。
适用学段：七年级（新学）、八年级（复习）、九年级中考冲刺均适用。
02 先比较：一般过去时 vs 一般现在时
一句话：一般现在时讲"现在 / 常态"，一般过去时讲"过去 / 已结束"。
· 一般现在时：I go to school by bus.（我每天坐公交上学——常态）
· 一般过去时：I went to school by bus yesterday.（我昨天坐公交上学——已结束）
判断口诀：见到 yesterday / last / ...ago / just now 等过去时间标志，用一般过去时。
03 一般过去时：五个知识点全拆解
知识点一｜定义与时间标志词
I visited my grandparents last weekend.（上周末我去看了祖父母。）
She was a teacher three years ago.（三年前她是一名老师。）
They played football yesterday afternoon.（昨天下午他们踢了足球。）
He didn't go to school just now.（他刚才没去上学。）
We watched a movie the day before yesterday.（前天我们看了一部电影。）
规律：yesterday, last..., ...ago, just now, the day before yesterday, in 2020, once upon a time 等，都是过去时的信号词。
知识点二｜规则动词过去式变化（口诀：直去双改）
I worked in this factory last year.（去年我在这家工厂工作。——直接加 ed）
They lived in Beijing five years ago.（五年前他们住在北京。——以 e 结尾加 d或者理解为去掉“e”再加“ed”）
She studied hard last term.（上学期她学习很努力。——辅音 + y 变 i 加 ed）
He stopped smoking last month.（上个月他戒烟了。——重读闭音节双写加 ed）
We planned a trip last week.（上周我们计划了一次旅行。——双写加 ed）
口诀：直（直接加 ed）、去（去 e 加 ed）、双（双写加 ed）、改（改 y 为 i 加 ed）。
知识点三｜不规则动词过去式（必须背）
I went to the park yesterday.（昨天我去了公园。——go → went）
She had a meeting this morning.（今天早上她开了个会。——have → had）
They saw a film last night.（昨晚他们看了场电影。——see → saw）
He ate an apple just now.（他刚才吃了个苹果。——eat → ate）
We took a bus to school yesterday.（昨天我们坐公交上学。——take → took）
常见不规则：is / am → was, are → were, do → did, go → went, have → had, see → saw, eat → ate, take → took, buy → bought, get → got, make → made, read → read（拼写不变，读音变）。
知识点四｜否定句与疑问句结构（didn't 后必须用原形）
I didn't go to school yesterday.（昨天我没去上学。——didn't + 动词原形）
She didn't watch TV last night.（昨晚她没看电视。）
Did you finish your homework?（你完成作业了吗？——Did + 主语 + 动词原形）
Was he at home yesterday?（昨天他在家吗？——be 动词直接提前）
What did you do last weekend?（上周末你做了什么？——特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 原形）
规律：实义动词的否定 / 疑问靠 did，did 出现后动词必须还原成原形；be 动词（was / were）直接提前或加 not。
知识点五｜易错点（used to、when 从句、be 动词搭配）
I used to play football after school.（我过去放学后常踢足球。——used to do 表过去常常，现在不做了）
When I got home, my mother was cooking.（我到家时，妈妈正在做饭。——when 引导从句，主句用过去进行时）
He didn't went to school.（×）
→ He didn't go to school.（√）——didn't 后必须用原形
She was go to school yesterday.（×）
→ She went to school yesterday.（√）——be 动词后不能直接跟动词原形
There was a lot of people at the party.（×）
→ There were a lot of people...（√）——people 是复数，用 were
04 配套练习：10 题精练
一、单项选择（1—8 题）
1. I ___ to the park yesterday.
A. go B. went C. goes D. going
2. She ___ TV last night.
A. didn't watch B. didn't watched C. don't watch D. doesn't watch
3. — ___ you at home yesterday? — Yes, I ___.
A. Did; did B. Were; was C. Was; was D. Are; am
4. What ___ you ___ last weekend?
A. do; do B. did; do C. did; did D. do; did
5. He ___ a book yesterday.
A. buyed B. bought C. buys D. buy
6. There ___ a lot of people in the park yesterday.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
7. I ___ to music when my mother came in.
A. listened B. was listening C. listen D. am listening
8. He used to ___ up early, but now he doesn't.
A. get B. got C. gets D. getting
二、用所给词的正确形式填空（9—10 题）
9. She ___ (study) hard last term.
10. They ___ (not go) to school yesterday.
05 参考答案与解析
1. B。yesterday 提示一般过去时，go 是不规则动词，过去式是 went。
2. A。last night 提示过去时；实义动词否定用 didn't + 动词原形 watch，不能用 watched。
3. B。"在家"用 be at home，过去时 you 对应 were；回答 I 对应 was。
4. B。last weekend 提示过去时；特殊疑问句用 did + 主语 + 动词原形 do。
5. B。yesterday 提示过去时；buy 是不规则动词，过去式是 bought，不是 buyed。
6. B。yesterday 提示过去时；a lot of people 是复数，be 动词用 were。
7. B。when 引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时 was listening。
8. A。used to + 动词原形，表示"过去常常做某事（现在不做了）"。
9. studied。last term 提示过去时；study 是辅音 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 ed。
10. didn't go。yesterday 提示过去时；实义动词否定用 didn't + 动词原形 go。
06 加分考点：三个延伸用法
· 一般过去时 vs 现在完成时：I lost my key yesterday.（昨天丢了，纯陈述过去）vs I have lost my key.（钥匙丢了，现在还没找到，强调对现在的影响）。
· 过去进行时：was / were + doing，表示过去某时刻正在进行——I was reading at 8 last night.（昨晚八点我正在看书。）
· 委婉表达：Could you help me? / I wanted to ask you something.（用过去时表委婉客气，不是真的指过去。）
写在最后
一般过去时不是"背变化"，而是"认结构"：先看时间标志词（yesterday / last / ago），再看动词类型（规则加 ed / 不规则背），最后看句型（否定疑问靠 did，did 后用原形）。
你最容易栽在哪个坑？欢迎把错题发到评论区，下期我们继续拆。
封面图方案
📝 不规则动词分类总结
1. AAA型 (原形、过去式、过去分词同形)
这类动词最简单，三种形式完全一样。
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 词义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| cut | cut | cut | 切，割 |
| put | put | put | 放 |
| let | let | let | 让 |
| set | set | set | 设置，安置 |
| hit | hit | hit | 撞击 |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | 受伤，疼痛 |
| cost | cost | cost | 花费，值 |
| read | read | read | 朗读，阅读 (发音变化: /riːd/ → /red/ → /red/) |
| shut | shut | shut | 关闭 |
| spread | spread | spread | 传播，展开 |
2. AAB型 (原形和过去式同形)
这类动词只有过去分词不同。
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 词义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| beat | beat | beaten | 击败，打败 |
3. ABA型 (原形和过去分词同形)
这类动词的过去式是独立形式。
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 词义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| become | became | become | 变得，成为 |
| come | came | come | 来 |
| run | ran | run | 跑步，逃跑 |
4. ABB型 (过去式和过去分词同形)
这是数量最多的一类，过去式和过去分词形式相同。可按变化规律细分为：
变元音字母
i → a → a: 如 sit - sat - sat, dig - dug - dug, win - won - won。
e → e → e (发音变化): 如 feed - fed - fed, meet - met - met, lead - led - led。
其他元音变化: 如 hold - held - held, find - found - found, get - got - got。
变辅音字母
d → t: 如 build - built - built, lend - lent - lent, send - sent - sent, spend - spent - spent。
变化其他辅音: 如 make - made - made, have - had - had, hear - heard - heard。
变为 -ought 或 -aught
→ ought: bring - brought - brought, buy - bought - bought, fight - fought - fought, think - thought - thought。
→ aught: catch - caught - caught, teach - taught - taught。
词尾加 -t (或变 -t)
keep - kept - kept, sleep - slept - slept, feel - felt - felt, leave - left - left, lose - lost - lost。
5. ABC型 (原形、过去式、过去分词均不同)
这类动词三种形式各不相同。
元音变化: i → a → u
begin - began - begun (开始)
drink - drank - drunk (喝)
sing - sang - sung (唱歌)
swim - swam - swum (游泳)
ring - rang - rung (打电话，铃响)
元音变化: ow → ew → own
blow - blew - blown (吹)
grow - grew - grown (生长)
know - knew - known (知道)
throw - threw - thrown (扔)
过去分词加 -en (或 -n)
speak - spoke - spoken (说)
break - broke - broken (打破)
choose - chose - chosen (选择)
forget - forgot - forgotten (忘记)
eat - ate - eaten (吃)
give - gave - given (给)
see - saw - seen (看见)
write - wrote - written (写)
特殊变化 (无规律)
be (am/is/are) - was/were - been (是)
do - did - done (做)
go - went - gone (去)
take - took - taken (拿)
🧠 巧记口诀
AAA型: “2H(hit, hurt) 花钱(cost) 让(let) 3S(set, shut, spread) 放(put) 下(下) 读(read) 书去切割(cut)”。
AAB型: “打败天下无敌手，分加en (beat - beat - beaten)”。
ABA型: “跑、来、成为、超越，元音字母变成a (run-ran-run, come-came-come, become-became-become)”。
ABB型 (ought/aught): “想带来买(个)打架：
无a则o, ought (think, bring, buy, fight)”；
“教书被抓，有a则a, aught (teach, catch)”。