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专题 04 阅读理解之说明文 12 篇
（23-24高一上·福建·期末）Thanks to its proximity (邻近) to England, its successful tourism industry and
its multicultural population, Edinburgh is quite a special city in Scotland.
Edinburgh simply makes it with culture during its long holiday season. It is not just its famous festivals in the
summer but its Christmas and Hogmanay (除夕) celebrations, which fill the city with tourists from all over the world.
Along with the tourists, Edinburgh has lots of students. They bring energy and variety to the culture of the city.
Although this can be overwhelming (令人不知所措) at times, if you open your arms to the good that it brings you
can get so much out of the city.
The Cycling Gardeners are a part of the local community. By being totally dependent on bikes for transport,
we are limited to working within the city centre. We have made life a bit easier on ourselves by using electric bikes,
and we often beat cars in traffic and have no problem finding place to park.
We have a great collective team spirit which is very important. Whenever you go there from May to September,
you will likely meet both sunshine and rain. But the wet weather can be dealt with by helping each other out, spending
time in the many local cafes, catching up with your friends and having a good discussion about the rain!
Without doubt my favourite place in Edinburgh is the Meadows Park. I was born in the hospital overlooking
it and grew up in buildings around it. Much of my childhood days were spent there. I met my wife there and it is
where I take my young son to play. I have the happiest memories of building snowmen when the snow comes down. I
really hope that this winter brings good snow so I can review my own childhood with my son!
1．What does Edinburgh attract visitors most?
A．Its successful industry. B．Its famous festivals.
C．Its rainy seasons. D．Its beautiful view.
2．Compared with driving cars, what’s the advantages of riding electric bikes for Cycling Gardeners?
A．Speed. B．Comfort.
C．Convenience. D．Expense.
3．What does the underlined phrase “catching up” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Getting up. B．Meeting up.
C．Showing up. D．Picking up.
4．Why is the Meadows Park the author’s favorite place in Edinburgh?
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司A．He has good memories there. B．He was born there.
C．He played with his young son there. D．He met his wife there.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。由于毗邻英格兰、成功的旅游业和多元文化的人口，爱丁堡是苏格兰一个相当
特殊的城市。文章对其进行了详细介绍。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“It is not just its famous festivals in the summer but its Christmas and
Hogmanay (除夕) celebrations, which fill the city with tourists from all over the world.(这里不仅有夏季著名的节
日，还有圣诞节和新年庆祝活动，这些活动吸引了来自世界各地的游客。)”可知，爱丁堡最吸引游客的是
其著名的节日。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“We have made life a bit easier on ourselves by using electric bikes, and
we often beat cars in traffic and have no problem finding place to park.(通过使用电动自行车，我们让自己的生
活变得更轻松，而且我们经常在交通中击败汽车，找地方停车也没有问题。)”可知，与开车相比，骑电动
自行车对自行车爱好者来说更方便。故选C。
3．词句猜测题。根据第四段最后一句中的“and having a good discussion about the rain!(好好讨论了一下下
雨的事)”和“spending time in the many local cafes(在当地的咖啡馆消磨时间)”可知，此处是指和朋友小聚，
所以catch up意为“朋友小聚”。故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“I was born in the hospital overlooking it and grew up in buildings around it.
Much of my childhood days were spent there. I met my wife there and it is where I take my young son to play. I
have the happiest memories of building snowmen when the snow comes down.(我出生在俯瞰它的医院里，在它
周围的建筑里长大。我童年的大部分时光都是在那里度过的。我在那里遇到了我的妻子，我带着我年幼的
儿子去那里玩。下雪的时候堆雪人是我最快乐的回忆。)”可知，因为在梅多斯公园有很多作者美好的回忆，
所以那里是作者在爱丁堡最喜欢的地方。故选A。
（23-24高一上·福建·期末）Roadkill is a worldwide problem. Every year: About 340 million birds are killed
on roads in the United States; around 9 million mammals (哺乳动物) of average size are killed on Brazilian roads;
and China is no exception.
To deal with this, a study of “roadkill” has been conducted by Professor Li Zhongqiu and his team from
Nanjing University. The study was conducted in Nanjing, which has more than 9,700 km of well-built roads. Li and
his teammates ran 26 roadkill monitoring (监测) activities over 224.27 km of roads, totaling 5,831 km during the
research period. The nine roads chosen for the team’s research were monitored every two weeks over the course of a year.
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司The team recorded a total of 293 dead bodies. Among them, birds made up nearly half the total. As a main bird
species in East China, blackbirds are usually attracted by flies or other insects to dead bodies of roadkill along the
roads. “Specifically, cats, dogs and blackbirds were the three most commonly killed animals,” Li said. “This may be
due to the large number of homeless cats and dogs in city areas. Pets thrown out of their homes are more likely to run
into traffic.”
According to the report, roadkill happened a lot from May to September. The animal’ increased reproductive
(生殖) activity in summer and autumn is a possible reason. Besides, roadkill issues also topped in November and
January. This may be due to the need to search for food during winter when food resources are few, Li said.
“There is no doubt that roadkill has contributed to the decrease of animal populations and must be taken
seriously,” Li said. “We call on related departments to take measures such as speed limits and necessary traffic
controls during top periods of animal activities. For animals such as cats and dogs that usually use the roads, fences
can prevent them from entering traffic.”
1．What is paragraph 1 of the text mainly about?
A．The purpose of the study. B．The method of the study.
C．The result of the study. D．The background of the study.
2．How often were the chosen roads monitored during a research year?
A．Once every two weeks. B．Once a week.
C．Three times every two weeks. D．Twice a week.
3．What is the possible reason why roadkill accidents happen the most in November and January?
A．Large animal birth rate. B．Busier traffic.
C．Few traffic controls. D．Animals’ demand for food.
4．What can policymakers do to reduce cat roadkill incidents according to Professor Li?
A．Having speed limits. B．Taking traffic controls.
C．Building fences. D．Setting warning signs.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了动物道路死亡的现象，为了解决这个问题，南京大学的李忠秋
教授和他的团队进行了一项关于“路杀动物”的研究。
1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Roadkill is a worldwide problem. Every year: About 340 million birds are killed
on roads in the United States; around 9 million mammals (哺乳动物) of average size are killed on Brazilian roads;
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司and China is no exception.(道路死亡是一个全球性的问题。每年：大约3.4亿只鸟在美国的道路上被杀死；
大约900万只中等体型的哺乳动物死在巴西的道路上；中国也不例外)”可知，第一段主要讲的是研究的背
景。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The nine roads chosen for the team’s research were monitored every two weeks
over the course of a year.(研究小组选择的9条道路在一年的时间里每两周监测一次)”可知，在研究年度中，
所选道路的监测频率是每两周一次。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Besides, roadkill issues also topped in November and January. This may be
due to the need to search for food during winter when food resources are few, Li said.(此外，道路死亡事件也在
11月和1月达到高峰。李说，这可能是因为冬天食物资源很少，它们需要寻找食物)”可知，交通事故在11
月和1月发生最多的可能原因是动物对食物的需求。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“For animals such as cats and dogs that usually use the roads, fences can prevent
them from entering traffic.(对于像猫和狗这样经常使用道路的动物来说，栅栏可以防止它们进入车流)”可知，
政策制定者可以建造栅栏来减少公路撞死猫的事件。故选C。
（23-24高一上·甘肃庆阳·期末）Rivers are very important. Humans rely on them for food and water. But
rivers can destroy things, too. They can flood, or rise over their banks, making the water run into the nearby land.
Floods can also kill humans and wildlife. However, floods are not always bad. Some ecosystems need them every
once in a while.
Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats. For example, a flood in India in 2012 killed
many one-horned rhinos. Flood waters can pick up dirt from riverbanks, which makes the water dirty. Too much dirt
will clog rivers and streams, preventing the river from flowing. Sometimes flood waters can carry pollution to the
sea and harm marine life. In addition, flood waters can carry disease, including hepatitis A (甲型肝炎) and cholera
(霍乱).
However, not everything about floods is bad. Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems. Flood waters carry
nutrients to the nearby land. Over time, the water dries up and leaves behind particles (微粒) of dirt and mud. The
particles are called sediment (沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow.
Floods are important to some animals as well. For instance, some animals see floods as a sign that it is time to mate
or migrate. Floods leave sediment on river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals in
the water to eat. Moreover, in dry seasons, water might dry up, but floods help refill the wetlands, keeping the
ecosystem going.
Floods are a part of nature. They can destroy living things and the environment. But some ecosystems need
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司floods to survive.
1．What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “clog” in Paragraph 2?
A．Become. B．Pollute. C．Block. D．Develop.
2．How do floods help ecosystems?
A．Nutrients carried by floods can make soil richer.
B．Floods make all the animals migrate more easily.
C．Tiny fish going with floods feed some animals.
D．Floods can improve the dirt and help plants grow.
3．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A．The way in which floods feed animals. B．The benefits of floods to ecosystems.
C．An effective means of improving soil. D．The reason for people’s appreciating floods.
4．What’s the best title of this article?
A．The Bad Effects of Flooding B．The Secret of Flooding
C．Floods-A Disaster to Humans D．Floods — A Part of Nature
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了洪水的好处和坏处，指出洪水是自然的一部分，维持生态平衡。
1．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Too much dirt will”以及后文“rivers and streams, preventing the river from
flowing”可知，太多的污垢会堵塞河流和小溪，阻止河流流动。故划线词意思是“堵塞”。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems. Flood waters carry nutrients to the
nearby land. Over time, the water dries up and leaves behind particles (微粒) of dirt and mud. The particles are
called sediment (沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow.(有时它们
会给生态系统带来新的生命。洪水把养分带到附近的土地上。随着时间的推移，水干涸了，留下了灰尘和
泥浆颗粒。这些颗粒被称为沉积物，因为它能改善土壤，帮助植物生长)”可知，洪水携带的养分可以使土
壤更肥沃，从而帮助生态系统。故选A。
3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“However, not everything about floods is bad. Sometimes they bring new life to
ecosystems. Flood waters carry nutrients to the nearby land. Over time, the water dries up and leaves behind
particles (微粒) of dirt and mud. The particles are called sediment (沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to
improve the dirt and help plants grow. Floods are important to some animals as well. For instance, some animals
see floods as a sign that it is time to mate or migrate. Floods leave sediment on river beds where baby fish can grow
and carry nutrients for small animals in the water to eat. Moreover, in dry seasons, water might dry up, but floods
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司help refill the wetlands, keeping the ecosystem going.(然而，并非所有关于洪水的事情都是不好的。有时它们
会给生态系统带来新的生命。洪水把养分带到附近的土地上。随着时间的推移，水干涸了，留下了灰尘和
泥浆颗粒。这些颗粒被称为沉积物，因为它能改善土壤，帮助植物生长。洪水对一些动物也很重要。例如，
一些动物把洪水看作是交配或迁徙的信号。洪水在河床上留下沉积物，幼鱼可以在河床上生长，并携带营
养物质供水中的小动物食用。此外，在干旱季节，水可能会干涸，但洪水有助于补充湿地，保持生态系统
的运转)”可知，第三段的主旨是洪水对生态系统的好处。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Floods are a part of nature. They can destroy living things and the environment.
But some ecosystems need floods to survive.(洪水是自然的一部分。它们会破坏生物和环境。但有些生态系统
需要洪水才能生存)”结合文章主要说明了洪水的好处和坏处，指出洪水是自然的一部分，维持生态平衡。
可知，D选项“洪水——自然的一部分”最符合文章标题。故选D。
（23-24高一上·江苏泰州·期末）Those of us who shop online may scan customer reviews to get a better
sense of products we can't judge for ourselves at a physical store. We may check out online testimonials before
booking a haircut or visiting a new restaurant. But what happens if some of those reviews can't be trusted?
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) recently announced that it was proposing new measures to crack down
on fake reviews and other practices used to mislead consumers. The commission published a proposed rule that would
prohibit companies from writing or selling fake reviews, buying positive reviews, suppressing negative reviews and
more.
“Our proposed rule on fake reviews shows that we're using all available means to attack deceptive advertising in
the digital age,” Samuel Levine, director of the FTC's Bureau of Consumer Protection, said in a statement.
Research shows people overwhelmingly consult online reviews, but humans are also bad at telling which
consumer reviews hold water and which are nonsense.
That's potentially worrisome given that nearly one in every three reviews is fake, according to one estimate.
In arguing for the proposal, the FTC cited enforcement actions it had taken against companies that manipulated
reviews of their products.
In 2022, for example, the commission forced the online retailer Fashion Nova to pay $4.2 million to settle
allegations (指控) that it blocked negative reviews from being posted on its website — the first FTC action involving a
company's effort to hide negative reviews. For its part, Fashion Nova said in a statement to The New York Times that
the FTC's allegations were “inaccurate” and that it only settled the charges to avoid “the distraction and legal fees”.
Comments on the proposed rule have to be received within 60 days of its publication in the Federal Register,
after which the FTC will decide whether to issue a revised final version.
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司1．What is the main purpose of the FTC's proposed rule?
A．To improve the quality of products and services.
B．To protect the interests of physical stores.
C．To ban negative reviews from online platforms.
D．To ensure true reviews are presented to customers.
2．What does the underlined phrase “hold water” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?
A．Be credible. B．Be prejudiced. C．Be official. D．Be misleading.
3．Why was Fashion Nova forced to pay $ 4.2 million in a settlement in 2022?
A．To delete negative reviews of its products.
B．To post customer reviews on its website.
C．To resolve allegations of deceptive advertising.
D．To prevent it from facing further criticism and legal fees.
4．What can be inferred about the proposed rule?
A．It is well-received. B．It is still under review.
C．It has proven to be effective. D．It has encountered opposition.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国联邦贸易委员会发布了一项建议规则，禁止公司撰写或销
售虚假评论，购买正面评论，压制负面评论，并打击虚假评论和其它误导消费者的行为。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) recently announced that it was
proposing new measures to crack down on fake reviews and other practices used to mislead consumers. (美国联邦
贸易委员会(FTC)最近宣布，将提出新措施，打击虚假评论和其他误导消费者的做法)”可知，联邦贸易委员
会拟议规则的主要目的是确保向客户提供真实的评论。故选D项。
2．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Research shows people overwhelmingly consult online reviews, but humans
are also bad at telling (研究表明，绝大多数人会查阅网上评论，但人类也不善于分辨)”以及“which are
nonsense (哪些是胡说八道)”可知，此处为人类也不善于分辨哪些消费者评论站得住脚，哪些是胡说八道。
由此猜测，划线短语hold water为“站得住脚，可信的”意思，与A项Be credible (是可信的)意思一致。
故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In 2022, for example, the commission forced the online retailer Fashion
Nova to pay $4.2 million to settle allegations (指控) that it blocked negative reviews from being posted on its
website — the first FTC action involving a company's effort to hide negative reviews. (例如，在2022年，委员会
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司迫使在线零售商Fashion Nova支付420万美元。该公司被指控阻止负面评论在其网站上发布——这是FTC
首次针对一家公司隐瞒负面评论的行为采取行动)”可知，Fashion Nova在2022年被迫支付420万美元的和
解金是为了解决关于欺骗性广告的指控。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Comments on the proposed rule have to be received within 60 days of its
publication in the Federal Register, after which the FTC will decide whether to issue a revised final version. (对拟
议规则的评论必须在《联邦公报》(Federal Register)公布后60天内收到，之后FTC将决定是否发布修订后
的最终版本)”可推知，关于拟议的规则仍在审查中。故选B项。
（23-24高一上·广东惠州·期末）There are thousands of languages in the world. But which language is the
oldest? Experts use different methods to find out the age of a language.
Finding the oldest language is a challenging task, according to Danny Hieber, an expert in the study of endangered
languages. “If we think that most languages can date back to an original human language, all languages are equally
old,” Hieber said. However, it’s impossible to find out such language —the direct ancestor of every language in the
world. Accordingly, some experts believe that the “oldest language” should belong to one with a well-established
written record.
Many of the earliest recorded examples of writing come from languages that used cuneiform script (楔形文
字). Among these languages are Sumerian and Akkadian, both dating back at least 4,600 years. Experts have also
found Egyptian hieroglyphs that date to around the same historical period. These hieroglyphs, which can be translated
into “He has united the Two Lands for his son, Dual King Peribsen,” are considered the earliest complete sentence
ever discovered.
Experts generally agree that Sumerian, Akkadian and Egyptian are the oldest languages with a clear written
record. All three are extinct, meaning that they are no longer used and don’t have any living followers which can
carry the language to the next generation.
As for the oldest language that is still spoken, several competitors appear. Hebrew and Arabic stand out among
such languages for having timelines that experts can reasonably find, according to Hieber. Although these earliest
written languages only date back around 3,000 years, Hieber said, “both of them belong to the Afroasiatic language
family, whose roots date back to 18, 000 to 8,000 B．C． E. , or about 20,000 to 10,000 years ago.” Even with this
wide period of time, it is widely accepted that Afroasiatic is the oldest language family. But the exact point in time
when Hebrew and Arabic separated from other Afroasiatic languages is heavily debated among experts.
1．How do experts determine the age of a language?
A．By studying its spoken dialects. B．By analyzing its basic grammar.
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司C．By examining its written records. D．By comparing it to other languages.
2．What is the value of the Egyptian hieroglyphs?
A．They’re an example of cuneiform script. B．They belong to the Afroasiatic language.
C．They provide evidence of the oldest language. D．They’re the earliest-known complete sentences.
3．What does the underlined word “extinct” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Gone B．Ancient. C．Outdated. D．Active.
4．What is the main disagreement among experts regarding Hebrew and Arabic?
A．The reason for their standing out. B．The exact time of their separation.
C．The appearance of their competitors. D．The roots of earliest written languages.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了专家是如何确定语言的年龄的以及一些已经灭绝了的古老语言。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Accordingly, some experts believe that the “oldest language” should belong to
one with a well-established written record.(因此，一些专家认为，“最古老的语言”应该属于具有完善书面记
录的语言)”可知，专家通过审查书面记录来确定一种语言的年龄。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“These hieroglyphs, which can be translated into “He has united the Two Lands for
his son, Dual King Peribsen,” are considered the earliest complete sentence ever discovered.(这些象形文字可以翻
译成“他为他的儿子——双王佩里布森统一了两块土地”，被认为是迄今为止发现的最早的完整句子)”可
知，埃及象形文字的价值在于是已知最早的完整句子。故选D。
3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“meaning that they are no longer used and don’t have any living followers
which can carry the language to the next generation”可知，这三种语言不再被使用，也没有任何活着的追随者
可以把这种语言传给下一代，即这三种语言都消失了。故划线词意思是“消失了的”。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But the exact point in time when Hebrew and Arabic separated from other
Afroasiatic languages is heavily debated among experts.(但是，希伯来语和阿拉伯语从其他亚非语言中分离出
来的确切时间点在专家之间存在激烈的争论)”可知，专家们对希伯来语和阿拉伯语的主要分歧是它们分离
出来的确切时间。故选B。
（23-24高一上·广东茂名·期末）When you are a kid, gaining a best friend forever can happen in a single
play date. But when you grow up to be an adult, making and maintaining friendships gets harder. So how much
quality time (优质时光) do you need before that stranger becomes your friend? A new study recently found that, on
average, it takes about 50 hours with someone before you consider them a casual (感情不深的) friend, about 90
hours before you become real friends, and about 200 hours to become close friends.
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司The study’s author Jeffrey Hall, a communications professor, invited adults who are eager to make friends to
take part in two experiments — people who had just moved to a new city in the past six months and college freshmen.
He asked them to rate and track the degree of closeness and time spent together with a new person. “Results suggest
that the chance of changing from casual friend to real friend is greater than 50% after around 80-100 hours together,”
said Hall.
The study found that the amount of time spent talking together, or the fact that you spent time at school or
work with them, was unrelated to friendship closeness. “It is really easy to spend a lot of time with people as they
are routinely in the same place at the same time as you,” Hall said. “However, my study shows you can have
workmates you spend hundreds and hundreds of hours with and still not develop a friendship.”
You do not need to become best friends with your workmates to develop meaningful relationships with them.
But for those of us hoping to change from “girl who I eat lunch at work with” to “friend I can depend on,” Hall
suggests that you need to take the relationship out of the workplace for it to become a friendship. The participants
who did activities outside of work with someone, such as being invited to have lunch in their home, were more likely
to develop deeper relationships with them.
1．What is the new study mainly about?
A．Ways of making friends in a new environment. B．Why people need to make different friends.
C．Different levels of friendship. D．How long it takes to develop a friendship.
2．What do we know about the participants in the study?
A．They knew each other before. B．They had difficulty in making new friends.
C．They were in great need of friends. D．They started their new life in the same city.
3．What does the underlined word “routinely” probably mean in paragraph 3?
A．Usually. B．Actively. C．Seldom. D．Confidently.
4．Which can help people build deeper relationships with workmates according to Hall?
A．Joining the same work team. B．Having lunch at work with them.
C．Inviting them to your home after work. D．Sharing work experience with each other.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是科学告诉我们一个成年人需要多长时间才能交到一个新朋友，
并且建议要想发展成为朋友需要将这种关系带出工作场所。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A new study recently found that, on average, it takes about 50 hours with
someone before you consider them a casual (感情不深的) friend, about 90 hours before you become real friends,
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司and about 200 hours to become close friends.(最近的一项新研究发现，平均来说，和一个人在一起大约50个
小时后，你就会把他们当作普通朋友，大约90个小时后，你就会成为真正的朋友，大约200个小时后，你
就会成为亲密的朋友。)”可知，研究发现与一个人在一起大约50小时会成为普通朋友，相处大约90个小
时会成为真正的朋友，而相处大约200个小时后，就会成为亲密朋友。结合第二段中的“He asked them to
rate and track the degree of closeness and time spent together with a new person.(他要求他们评估和跟踪与一个
陌生人在一起的亲密程度和时间。)”可知，在这项新研究中要求参与者评估和跟踪与一个陌生人在一起的
亲密程度和花费的时间，由此可知，该新研究主要是研究发展一段友谊需要多长时间。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study’s author Jeffrey Hall, a communications professor, invited adults
who are eager to make friends to take part in two experiments — people who had just moved to a new city in the
past six months and college freshmen.(该研究的作者、传播学教授杰弗里·霍尔（Jeffrey Hall）邀请渴望交朋
友的成年人参加了两个实验——一个是过去六个月刚搬到一个新城市的人，另一个是大学新生。)”可知，
研究者邀请渴望交朋友的成年人参加了两个实验，由此可知，这项研究的参与者都是希望交朋友的人。故
选C项。
3．词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“The study found that the amount of time spent talking together, or the fact
that you spent time at school or work with them, was unrelated to friendship closeness.(研究发现，在一起聊天的
时间，或者你在学校或工作中与他们在一起的时间，与友谊的亲密程度无关。)”可知，在一起聊天的时间
或者在学校或者工作中在一起的时间与友谊的亲密程度无关，结合划线单词前的“It is really easy to spend a
lot of time with people(花很多时间和别人在一起真的很容易)”可知，花很多时间与别人在一起很容易，划线
单词所在的句子与此处为因果关系。由此可以推断，根据常识，作为学生或者同事，在一起很容易的原因
是人们经常同时出现在同一个场所，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“经常”意义相近。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“The participants who did activities outside of work with someone, such as
being invited to have lunch in their home, were more likely to develop deeper relationships with them.(在工作之外
与他人一起参加活动的参与者，比如被邀请在他们家里吃午饭，更有可能与他们建立更深的关系。)”可知，
在工作之外与他人一起参加活动的参与者更有可能与他们建立更深的关系，由此可知，下班之后，邀请同
事到你的家里有助于和他们建立更深的关系。故选C项。
（23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）Imagine if there were a robotic fish that filtered microplastic out of the
water as it swam. Well, now there is one, and it’s the physical version of the winning concept in the first-ever Natural
Robotics Contest.
Announced this May, the University of Surrey’s Natural Robots Contest invited members of the public to give
their concepts for animal—or plant-inspired robots capable of performing activities that would help the world.
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司Plans called for experts from various British and European research centers to select what they thought was
the best concept, which would then be made into a real robot. Engineers would proceed to further develop the
technology.
The winning concept turned out to be the plastic-collecting Robo-fish, designed by chemistry student Eleanor
Mackintosh—who is a University of Surrey student. Mackintosh said, “Fish’s gills are an incredible mechanism in
nature that are specialized to filter oxygen into the bloodstream—so I adapted my design from that, with the purpose of
dealing with the plastic pollution in the water.”
The robot swims by moving its tail, holding its mouth wide open to-collect water and microplastics in its belly
as it does so. Once that cavity is full, the robot closes its mouth, opens its gills, and pushes the water out through. A
fine net attached to the gill flaps allows the water to pass through, but captures the microplastic.
In its current physical form, the 50-cm-long Robo-fish collects microplastic as small as 2 millimeters. It also
uses sensors to monitor underwater environment, plus it tracks its movements within the water.
Future robots could capture much smaller particles. Other possible improvements include a faster body shape, a
more powerful tail, and the ability to swim autonomously.
1．How do the participants attend the Natural Robotics Contest?
A．By handing in real robots. B．By sending the concepts of robots.
C．By selecting the best robot concepts. D．By developing the technology of robots.
2．What inspired Mackintosh to design the robot?
A．The enthusiasm for robots. B．The function of fish’s gills.
C．The body shape of the fish. D．The plastic pollution in the water.
3．What does the author intend to show in paragraph 5?
A．How the robotic fish works in water. B．How the robotic fish is further improved.
C．Why Mackintosh’s robot won the contest. D．What materials the robotic fish is made of.
4．What is the best title of the text?
A．The First Bio-Inspired Robotics ContestB．The One-Size-Fits-All Solution to Plastics
C．An Autonomously Operative Robotic Fish D．A Student-Designed Plastic-Collecting Fish
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要叙述萨里大学自然机器人竞赛中，一名学生设计的塑料收集机器鱼
获奖。具体介绍了其运作过程、现状即未来发展。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Announced this May, the University of Surrey’s Natural Robots Contest invited
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司members of the public to give their concepts for animal—or plant-inspired robots capable of performing activities
that would help the world.(今年5月，萨里大学举办了自然机器人大赛，邀请公众提出他们的概念，设计以
动物或植物为灵感的机器人，这些机器人能够从事帮助世界的活动)”可知，参与者提交机器人创意参加竞
赛。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Mackintosh said, “Fish’s gills are an incredible mechanism in nature that are
specialized to filter oxygen into the bloodstream—so I adapted my design from that, with the purpose of dealing
with the plastic pollution in the water.”(Mackintosh说：“鱼的鳃是一种令人难以置信的自然机制，专门用于
将氧气过滤到血液中，所以我以此为基础进行了设计，目的是处理水中的塑料污染。”)”可知，
Mackintosh受到鱼鳃功能的启示而创造了塑料收集机器鱼。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段“The robot swims by moving its tail, holding its mouth wide open to-collect water
and microplastics in its belly as it does so. Once that cavity is full, the robot closes its mouth, opens its gills, and
pushes the water out through. A fine net attached to the gill flaps allows the water to pass through, but captures the
microplastic.(机器人通过移动尾巴来游泳，同时张开嘴巴收集水和腹部的微塑料。一旦这个洞被填满，机
器人就会闭上嘴巴，张开鳃，把水挤出去。附着在鳃瓣上的细网允许水通过，但会捕获微塑料)”可知，该
段主要介绍机器鱼在水中的工作原理。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Announced this May, the University of Surrey’s Natural Robots Contest invited
members of the public to give their concepts for animal—or plant-inspired robots capable of performing activities
that would help the world.(今年5月，萨里大学举办了自然机器人大赛，邀请公众提出他们的概念，设计以
动物或植物为灵感的机器人，这些机器人能够从事帮助世界的活动)”以及第四段“The winning concept
turned out to be the plastic-collecting Robo-fish, designed by chemistry student Eleanor Mackintosh—who is a
University of Surrey student.(最终胜出的概念是由萨里大学化学系学生埃莉诺·麦金托什设计的塑料收集机器
鱼)”结合文章主要叙述萨里大学自然机器人竞赛中，一名学生设计的塑料收集机器鱼获奖。具体介绍了其
运作过程、现状即未来发展。故D选项“学生设计的塑料收集鱼”最符合文章标题。故选D。
（23-24 高一上·浙江宁波·期末）Learning any language is hard, but learning English can be especially
challenging. Why? Because native speakers use the language in ways that textbooks could never describe. In particular,
words that British people use cause many language students to scratch their heads.
Here’s an example: You overhear a Briton calling someone a “wazzock”. But what exactly is a wazzock? This
word, in fact, means a foolish person, although there’s nothing about it that would help you guess that. There are
many strange terms like this in British English — the Oxford English Dictionary would be much smaller without
these odd usages filling its pages.
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司How can these odd words be explained? Part of the answer is the British sense of humor. Britons don’t like to
take things too seriously, and this is evident through many British words and phrases. For example, to “spend a
penny” means to use the bathroom. It refers to the days when people had to pay a penny to use a public toilet.
In an interview for the BBC’s website, British linguist David Crystal suggested there may be historical reasons
for the large number of odd words and phrases in British English. He thinks that they began in the late 16th and early
17th centuries. This was a great age for the theater, when Shakespear e and other writers worked hard to keep up with
the demand for new plays. The theater’s popularity also created an incentive to invent new words. With this in mind,
perhaps Shakespeare and his peers are to blame for unusual British words such as “codswallop” and “balderdash” —
which both, mean “nonsense”.
While these strange words may be confusing to non-native speakers, they certainly make studying English a lot
more interesting.
1．According to the text, why may non-native speakers find it more challenging to learn English?
A．Dictionaries are too complicated to understand.
B．The English vocabulary is too large for them to learn.
C．A large number of strange expressions confuse them.
D．The English textbooks they use are usually out of date.
2．With the example of “the Oxford English Dictionary” in Paragraph 2, the author intends to .
A．stress the large number of strange terms
B．explain the origin of the strange phrases
C．show British people’s attitude towards odd phrases
D．show the usefulness of the Oxford English Dictionary
3．Which of the following words has the similar meaning to the underlined word “incentive” in Paragraph 4?
A．concern B．inspiration C．application D．opinion
4．What is the tone of the author in writing the article?
A．Aerious. B．Anxious. C．Indifferent. D．Humorous.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是英国英语中出现大量奇怪单词的原因。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Because native speakers use the language in ways that textbooks could never
describe. In particular, words that British people use cause many language students to scratch their heads.(因为母
语为英语的人使用这种语言的方式是教科书无法描述的。特别是，英国人使用的单词会让许多语言专业的
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司学生挠头)”以及第二段“Here’s an example: You overhear a Briton calling someone a “wazzock”. But what
exactly is a wazzock? This word, in fact, means a foolish person, although there’s nothing about it that would help
you guess that.(举个例子：你无意中听到一个英国人叫某人“wazzock”。但wazzock到底是什么？事实上，
这个词的意思是愚蠢的人，尽管它没有什么能帮助你猜测的)”可推知，母语非英语的人之所以会觉得学习
英语很难是因为许多奇怪的词对他们来说毫无意义，会让他们觉得非常的困惑。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Here’s an example: You overhear a Briton calling someone a “wazzock”. But
what exactly is a wazzock? This word, in fact, means a foolish person, although there’s nothing about it that would
help you guess that. There are many strange terms like this in British English — the Oxford English Dictionary
would be much smaller without these odd usages filling its pages.(举个例子：你无意中听到一个英国人叫某人
“wazzock”。但wazzock到底是什么？事实上，这个词的意思是愚蠢的人，尽管它没有什么能帮助你猜测
的。英国英语中有很多奇怪的术语，如果没有这些奇怪的用法，《牛津英语词典》就会小得多)”可知，第
二段以《牛津英语字典》为例，是为了强调英语词汇中有大量的奇怪的术语。故选A。
3．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“This was a great age for the theater, when Shakespear e and other writers
worked hard to keep up with the demand for new plays.(他认为它们始于16世纪末和17世纪初。这对戏剧来
说是一个伟大的时代，莎士比亚和其他作家努力满足对新剧的需求) ”以及划线单词句中的“The theater’s
popularity (剧院的受欢迎程度)”以及“to invent new words(发明新词)”可知，16世纪末和17世纪初对戏剧来
说是一个伟大的时代，剧院也同时受到了大众的欢迎，从而激发了人们发明新词。所以划线单词的意思为
“启发，激发”。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段的“In particular, words that British people use cause many language students to
scratch their heads.(特别是，英国人使用的单词会让许多语言专业的学生挠头)”，第三段的“For example, to
“spend a penny” means to use the bathroom. It refers to the days when people had to pay a penny to use a public
toilet.(例如，“花一分钱”的意思是使用卫生间。它指的是人们必须花一分钱才能使用公共厕所的日子)”
以及全文可知，作者在文中用了诙谐的单词，举了一些有趣的例子。由此可知，作者写这篇文章的语气是
幽默的。故选D。
（23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）The public nowadays has a misunderstanding of forest fires, believing that
fires should be kept out of every type of forest. Many of us can recall Smokey the Bear’s famous warning: “Remember,
only YOU can prevent forest fires”. However, that’s not always the case. Under the right conditions, and when
conducted safely, fire can create many environmental benefits as well as help prevent larger, uncontrollable
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司wildfires.
After a forest fire, many wildlife species will move into recently burned areas to feed on these newly available
foods. Some reptiles and amphibians such as the snake prefer forests frequently burned by fire. As Herbert Stoddard
put it, “One of the most harmful things modern man has done to birds has been his attempt to exclude fire from
fire-type pine (松树) forests. Within a few years most forests choke up with bushes, lose their prairie-like
vegetation (草原般植被) and can no longer support birds which depend on periodic burning for their food supply
and proper cover.”
If you are asked to picture the forest floor, what do you see? Pine needles, cones, leaves, branches might come
to mind — all sources of fuel. If these fuel sources build up without any type of removal, the ‘fuel load’ can lead to
fires which are huge disasters to forests and people alike. In contrast, prescribed fires can be used by forest
professionals every couple of years to keep forest fuels at a proper and manageable level. They can also greatly reduce
the spread of pest insects and disease and remove unwanted tree and plant species. Plus, they can create and maintain
important wildlife habitats rich in grasses and promote the growth of trees, wildflowers and other various plants.
Many organizations work to promote fire on the landscape. Smoky Bear even has an updated warning: “Only
YOU can prevent wildfires,” as the Forest Service has over the last few decades developed policies and measures to
include prescribed fire as a useful tool, as well as continuing their work to prevent and fight wildfires.
1．What can benefit birds according to Herbert Stoddard?
A．Forest bushes. B．Periodic burning.
C．Fuel sources. D．Pine forests.
2．What does the underlined word “prescribed” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Frequent. B．Wild. C．Planned. D．Damaging.
3．Why do forest professionals need to conduct fire every couple of years according to the passage?
A．To keep the forest in balance. B．To keep the fuel rich in the forest.
C．To put out wildfires. D．To remove tree and plant species.
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To prevent the use of prescribed fire in the forest.
B．To promote the complete exclusion of fire from forests.
C．To educate people on positive aspects of controlled fires.
D．To encourage the public to remove sources of forest fuels.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了公众对森林火灾其实存在误解，适当条件下的火灾对环境有
益处，并有助于防止更大规模无法控制的野火。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中Herbert Stoddard所说的话“Within a few years most forests choke up with
bushes, lose their prairie-like vegetation (草原般植被) and can no longer support birds which depend on periodic
burning for their food supply and proper cover. (不出几年，大多数森林就会被灌木丛堵塞，失去草原般的植被，
无法再养活依靠周期性燃烧获得食物供应和适当掩护的鸟类)”可知，对Herbert Stoddard而言，周期性的燃
烧对鸟类是有益的，为它们提供食物和适当掩护。故选B项。
2．词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“can be used by forest professionals every couple of years to keep forest
fuels at a proper and manageable level (森林专业人员可以每两年使用一次，以使森林燃料保持在适当和可管
理的水平)”可知，专业人员使用这种火有固定的频率，目的是更好地管控森林燃料，再结合所给选项可推
知，画线词意思应该与Planned“有计划的”相近，这是人为事先计划好的火。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“They can also greatly reduce the spread of pest insects and disease and remove
unwanted tree and plant species. Plus, they can create and maintain important wildlife habitats rich in grasses and
promote the growth of trees, wildflowers and other various plants. (它们还可以大大减少害虫和疾病的传播，并
清除不需要的树木和植物物种。此外，它们可以创造和维持重要的长满草的野生动物栖息地，促进树木、
野花和其他各种植物的生长)”可知，这种火灾可以帮助森林生态系统清理有害的、不需要的生物，促进有
益的生物的生长。由此可知，森林专业人员这样做是为了保持森林的平衡。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“The public nowadays has a misunderstanding of forest fires,
believing that fires should be kept out of every type of forest. (现在公众对森林火灾有一种误解，认为任何类型
的森林都不应该发生火灾)”和“Under the right conditions, and when conducted safely, fire can create many
environmental benefits as well as help prevent larger, uncontrollable wildfires. (在适当的条件下，如果安全进行，
火可以创造许多环境效益，并有助于防止更大、无法控制的野火)”可知，作者想破除公众对森林火灾存在
的误解，向读者普及正确的理解：适当条件下的火灾对环境有益处，并有助于防止更大规模无法控制的野
火。因此，作者的写作目的是教育人们了解受控制的火灾的积极影响。故选C项。
（23-24高一上·湖南衡阳·期末）For a century, Disney has captured the hearts and imaginations of millions
worldwide.
From a small animation (动画) studio to a global entertainment empire, Disney has created a miracle that has
lasted for generations.
Over the years, Disney has continued to push the boundaries of creativity and technology. Walt Disney, the
visionary founder, revolutionized (变革) the animation industry with the creation of Mickey MouseF in 1928,the
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司world’s first synchronized sound and color cartoon, setting the stage for the incredible journey that would follow. In
1937, Disney released the first-ever full-length animated feature film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, establishing
Disney as a leader in animation. This breakthrough also paved the way for the future of storytelling in cinema,
including The Lion King and Frozen.
However, Disney’s influence extends far beyond the silver screen. In 1955, the opening of Disneyland transformed
Disney from a successful animation studio to a global entertainment giant. It revolutionized the concept of family
entertainment and explored immersive theme park experiences by introducing the world to a magical kingdom where
dreams come true, solidifying Disney’s status as a leader in the entertainment industry. Moreover, Disney’s acquisition (
收购) of other entertainment companies, such as Pixar and Marvel, has allowed Disney to bring characters like Woody
and Buzz Lightyear, Iron Man and Captain America into its ever- expanding universe, connecting storylines and
experiences across multiple media, from films to television series to video games.
Walt Disney once said, “We keep moving forward, opening new doors, and doing new things,”and this spirit has
been the foundation of the company’s remarkable success. Disney’s story demonstrates the power of dreams, creativity,
and the belief that anything is possible. Nowadays, Disney has become the peak of success, a shining example of
what can be accomplished when imagination knows no bounds.
1．Which work started Disney’s leading role in the animation industry?
A．Mickey Mouse. B．Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.
C．The Lion King. D．Frozen.
2．What do we know about the Disneyland according to paragraph 4?
A．It is the first global theme park.
B．It was built jointly by several companies.
C．It brings many new characters to the silver screen.
D．It made Disney into an entertainment industry giant.
3．What is the key to Disney’s success according to the last paragraph?
A．Innovative spirit. B．Strong determination.
C．Good business strategies. D．Advanced animation technology.
4．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To show the popularity of Disney.
B．To appeal to people to visit Disneyland.
C．To introduce the development of Disney.
D．To prove the significance of imagination.
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了娱乐行业巨头公司迪士尼的发展。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In 1937, Disney released the first-ever full-length animated feature film,
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs , establishing Disney as a leader in animation. This breakthrough also paved the
way for the future of storytelling in cinema, including The Lion King and Frozen.(1937年，迪士尼发行了第一部
完整长度的动画电影《白雪公主和七个小矮人》，奠定了迪士尼在动画领域的领导地位。这一突破也为电
影叙事的未来铺平了道路，包括《狮子王》和《冰雪奇缘》)”可知，《白雪公主和七个小矮人》的发行奠
定了迪士尼在动画领域的领导地位。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“However, Disney’s influence extends far beyond the silver screen. In 1955,
the opening of Disneyland transformed Disney from a successful animation studio to a global entertainment giant.
(然而，迪士尼的影响力远远超出了银幕。1955年，迪士尼乐园的开业使迪士尼从一家成功的动画工作室
变成了全球娱乐巨头)”可知，迪士尼乐园的开业使迪士尼成为娱乐行业的巨头。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Walt Disney once said, “We keep moving forward, opening new doors,
and doing new things,”and this spirit has been the foundation of the company’s remarkable success.(华特·迪士尼
曾经说过:“我们不断前进，打开新的大门，做新的事情。”这种精神是公司取得巨大成功的基础)”可知，
创新精神是迪士尼成功的关键。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“For a century, Disney has captured the hearts and imaginations of millions
worldwide.(一个世纪以来，迪士尼已经俘获了全世界数百万人的心和想象力)”及全文内容可知，本文介绍
了迪士尼公司的由来和发展及它成为娱乐行业巨头的原因。因此，本文是为了介绍迪士尼的发展。故选C
项。
（23-24高一上·广东深圳·期末）In the continuing fever for outdoor sports and activities, China’s young
generation now find themselves drawn to a new activity—lure fishing (假饵钓鱼).
Traditional fishing methods use real bait (饵) and often require hours of patient waiting. However, lure fishing
takes a different approach. Here, fishermen use man-made bait to copy the movements of a fish’s natural prey (捕
食) such as swimming, struggling and escaping. In this way, fish will mistake the bait for the real prey and make
attack. Because fishermen need to frequently throw and take back the line to seek for fish, the sport looks elegant and
is called “water golf”.
“The fish shakes and struggles sharply. The feeling is just like putting your hand out of the window while driving
at fifty miles per hour,” a fishing lover says, recalling his experience of catching a big fish using a lure fishing
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司technique.
In recent months, many young Chinese have taken to social media to share their experiences. The topic “lure
fishing” has over 140,000 posts on the lifestyle platform Xiaohongshu, and videos with the same tag have billions of
views on the short video platform Douyin.
Another feature that attracts the young generation is lure fishing’s environmentally-responsible approach. By
using green man-made bait, the activity does not bring trouble to the natural environment of the water. Also, the
general agreement in the lure fishing community is to “catch and release”, which is to let the little fish go and grow,
in order to protect fish.
Moreover, lure fishing is beginner-friendly and requires less equipment compared with traditional fishing. A
basic set costs between 500 and 2,000 yuan. But costs can rise significantly if you seek to take a more professional
approach.
“Each fishing scene has its fishing rod (竿), and each fishing technique also has its fishing rod,” another lure
fishing lover says. He adds he has seven to eight sets of fishing rods, which should come to thousands of yuan in
cost.
1．How is lure fishing different from traditional methods?
A．It is a more active way. B．It uses real small fish as bait.
C．It is a more time-consuming way. D．It saves fishing lovers’ energy.
2．Which of the following best describes the feeling of the lure fishing lover in paragraph 3?
A．Tired. B．Relaxed. C．Surprised. D．Touched.
3．Why is lure fishing thought as environmentally-friendly?
A．It uses more natural bait. B．It requires fewer resources.
C．It improves the quality of water. D．It maintains fish’s living condition.
4．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about lure fishing?
A．Its expenses. B．Its skills. C．Its benefits. D．Its audiences.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了假饵钓鱼在中国的年轻人当中很受欢迎的现象。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Traditional fishing methods use real bait (饵) and often require hours of
patient waiting. However, lure fishing takes a different approach. Here, fishermen use man-made bait to copy the
movements of a fish’s natural prey (捕食) such as swimming, struggling and escaping. In this way, fish will
mistake the bait for the real prey and make attack.(传统的钓鱼方法使用真正的诱饵，通常需要数小时的耐心等
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司待。然而，引诱捕鱼采用了不同的方法。在这里，渔民使用人造诱饵来模仿鱼的自然猎物的动作，如游泳、
挣扎和逃跑。这样一来，鱼就会误以为诱饵是真正的猎物而发起攻击。)”可知，传统的钓鱼方法要用真正
的诱饵并且花很久时间等待鱼去咬饵，而假饵钓鱼则是用人造诱饵模仿鱼的猎物的动作，让鱼去主动发起
攻击。由此可推测出，假饵钓鱼与传统钓鱼方法的不同之处在于，它是一种更加主动的方式。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中假饵钓鱼爱好者的话“The feeling is just like putting your hand out of the
window while driving at fifty miles per hour(这种感觉就像在以每小时50英里的速度行驶时把手伸出窗外)”可
知，这位钓鱼爱好者说这种感觉就像开车兜风时把手伸出窗外的感觉，由此可推测出，他感觉很放松。故
选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Another feature that attracts the young generation is lure fishing’s
environmentally-responsible approach. By using green man-made bait, the activity does not bring trouble to the
natural environment of the water.(吸引年轻一代的另一个特点是假饵钓鱼对环境负责的方法。通过使用绿色
人造诱饵，该活动不会给水域的自然环境带来麻烦。)”可知，假饵钓鱼使用绿色人造诱饵，不会污染水域
环境，所以它对环境有好，由此可推测出，这种钓鱼方法可以保护鱼的生存环境。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。倒数第二段最后一句“But costs can rise significantly if you seek to take a more professional
approach.(但是，如果你想采取更专业的方法，成本可能会大幅上升。)”指出，如果采取更专业的方法，成
本会大幅上升，再结合最后一段“‘Each fishing scene has its fishing rod (竿), and each fishing technique also
has its fishing rod,’ another lure fishing lover says. He adds he has seven to eight sets of fishing rods, which should
come to thousands of yuan in cost.(‘每一个捕鱼场景都有它的钓竿，每一种捕鱼技术也有它的鱼竿，’另一
位假饵钓鱼爱好者说。他补充说，他有七到八套鱼竿，这些鱼竿的成本应该高达数千元。)”可推出，本段
主要讲述了假饵钓鱼的鱼竿花费。故选A。
（23-24高一上·安徽阜阳·期末）Eating too much fat contributes to the risk of stroke (中风) and other heart
diseases. However, it’s the type of fat, not the amount, that appears to be more important when it comes to stroke.
Eating plant-based fats lowers stroke risk, according to a study presentation given at the American Heart Association
Scientific Sessions 2021.
The study, which hasn’t yet been proved by other researchers, found people who ate the most vegetable-based
fats were 12% less likely to experience a stroke compared to those who ate the least. On the other hand, people who
ate the highest levels of animal-based saturated (饱和的) fats were 16% more likely to experience a stroke than those
who ate the least fats of that kind. The findings show the type and different food sources of fat are more important
than the total amount of fat in preventing certain diseases, including stroke.
“You need fa t to survive. Fat helps your body absorb vitamins from foods, build cells, give you energy and
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司keep you warm. But it’s the unsaturated fats that come from vegetables, nuts and fatty fish that can lower your
cholesterol (胆固醇) level and help keep you healthy. Saturated fats are generally not as healthy, which mainly come
from red and processed meat,” said Dr. Frank Hu, one of the authors of the study.
A proper reduction in red and processed meat consumption with a healthy eating pattern can reduce total
deathrate by 13%, heart disease death by 14%, cancer death by 11% and Type 2 Diabetes risk by 24%, according to
the study.
Interestingly, dairy fat was not associated with a higher risk of stroke, the study found. There has been an
ongoing debate among researchers as to the role of dairy. The diet guide-lines for Americans call for three servings
of low-and no-fat dairy each day.
1．How does Paragraph 2 mainly develop?
A．By making comparisons. B．By analyzing causes and effects.
C．By providing examples. D．By following the order of time.
2．Which kind of food doesn’t have unsaturated fats according to Paragraph 3?
A．Corn. B．Beans. C．Nuts. D．Beef.
3．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．The type of fat matters when it comes to stroke. B．People should eat less red meat to keep healthy.
C．Fat plays an important role in people’s life. D．Americans need three servings of dairy per day.
4．Which section of a newspaper does the text probably come from?
A．Environment. B．Technology. C．Health. D．Travel.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项研究发现，摄入脂肪的种类，而不是数量，对于罹患中风有重要的影响。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段“The study, which hasn’t yet been proved by other researchers, found people who
ate the most vegetable-based fats were 12% less likely to experience a stroke compared to those who ate the least.
On the other hand, people who ate the highest levels of animal-based saturated (饱和的) fats were 16% more likely
to experience a stroke than those who ate the least fats of that kind.(这项尚未得到其他研究人员证实的研究发现，
食用最多植物性脂肪的人比食用最少植物性脂肪的人患中风的可能性低12%。另一方面，食用动物性饱和
脂肪含量最高的人比食用同类脂肪最少的人患中风的可能性高16%)”可推知，第二段通过作比较来展开。
故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“But it’s the unsaturated fats that come from vegetables, nuts and fatty fish that can
lower your cholesterol (胆固醇) level and help keep you healthy.(但是来自蔬菜、坚果和富含脂肪的鱼类的不饱
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司和脂肪可以降低你的胆固醇水平，帮助你保持健康)”可知，植物、坚果和富含脂肪的鱼类中有不饱和脂肪，
牛肉不属于这一范围。故选D。
3．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Eating too much fat contributes to the risk of stroke (中风) and other heart
diseases. However, it’s the type of fat, not the amount, that appears to be more important when it comes to stroke.
Eating plant-based fats lowers stroke risk, according to a study presentation given at the American Heart
Association Scientific Sessions 2021.(摄入过多的脂肪会增加患中风和其他心脏病的风险。然而，在中风方面，
脂肪的类型，而不是数量，似乎更重要。根据2021年美国心脏协会科学会议上发表的一项研究报告，食用
植物性脂肪可以降低中风风险)”结合文章说明了一项研究发现，摄入脂肪的种类，而不是数量，对于罹患
中风有重要的影响。即本文主要说明了摄入脂肪的种类对罹患中风的概度高低有影响。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“However, it’s the type of fat, not the amount, that appears to be more important
when it comes to stroke.(然而，在中风方面，脂肪的类型，而不是数量，似乎更重要)”可知，本文为健康类
科普文，可能选自报纸的健康版块。故选C。
学学科科网网（（北北京京））股股份份有有限限公公司司
