文档内容
专题 33 其它题型（任务型阅读+写作概要+阅读表达）
2023年
【2023年北京卷】阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as
they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be
helpful in changing bad habits.
Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of
pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal.
Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these
cues.
A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are
called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating,
which produces the reward﹣the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not
necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is.
Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s
possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including
the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many
months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re﹣evaluate what you
get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change
reflects your values.
40. How are habits built?
________________________________________________________________
41. In what way is a routine different from a habit?
________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.
________________________________________________________________
43. What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits?(In about 40 words)
________________________________________________________________2022年
Writing 1
【2022年天津卷第二次】It was a dark and stormy night. The ferocious wind shook the windows wildly, as
though someone outside were beating on the glass. It was also New Year’s Eve. We were having our annual party
and had a house full of people just starting to celebrate.
Suddenly, we heard loud explosions. Looking outside and up into the hills, we saw sparks(火花) flying from
electrical transformers(变压器). One area after another went dark up in those hills. Then there was the loudest
explosion of them all and our house went dark too. I tried to find every candle we had and lit them. The candles
made everything look lovely. But we had problems. We had fifteen people standing around and we still had to cook
dinner. How would we do that without electricity?
The barbecue! Why not cook on the barbecue? We men went outside, some holding flashlights and others
cooking. We did a wonderful job. The women stayed inside and got the salads ready. Everything was delicious.
There were still a few hours to go before the beginning of the new year, so we all sat around the dining room table
and sang up until a few minutes before midnight. We couldn’t watch the ball drop in Times Square on television but
that wouldn’t stop us from celebrating. I stood on a chair and, with the help of someone’s watch to tell us the time,
we all counted down and I dropped a tennis ball! We all screamed Happy New Year. We didn’t need electricity for
that!
Nowadays, we still get together with the same group to celebrate the New Year and we still talk about that
special night. I don’t think we have ever laughed so much as we did on that New Year’s Eve.
56. What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 1? (1 word)
____________________________________________________________
57. What made dinner preparation difficult according to Paragraph 2? (no more than 6 words)
____________________________________________________________
58. How did the people celebrate on New Year’s Eve according to the passage? (no more than 10 words)
____________________________________________________________
59. How does the author feel about that particular New Year’s Eve? (no more than 8 words)
____________________________________________________________
60. What do you think is the most necessary quality when dealing with an unexpected difficult situation? Please
explain why. (no more than 25words)
____________________________________________________________
Writing 2【2022年北京卷】Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the
widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and
decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused (浸泡) water.
Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing
his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun
Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my
mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.
The bottle is made with a strainer (滤网) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and
vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through.
Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-
year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy
alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation
(OHG).
Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice
he’d give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know
from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.”
40. What did Tom witness at his own school?
41. Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle?
,
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement then underline it and explain why.
Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy
alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
43. Among Tom’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why?(In about 40 words)
2021年
Writing 1
【2021年北京卷】Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied
to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased．Thus，it may be worth bringing up issues with your
friends， family members，or classmates rather than holding them back．
There is a difference between arguing and fighting．Arguing is that you and your opponent present your
concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns．You can engage in an argument respectfully
without stirring up（激起） anger．Fighting，however，usually involves personal attacks，raising of voices，and storming out．Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your
emotional health．In a study，2.000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a
row．When people had an argument that they considered resolved， they had half the reactivity （情绪反应）
of those who avoided an argument．Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive
emotions．In other words，resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half．One day later， people
who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an
argument． This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution——and
you are less likely to be annoyed．
Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument．This may be
because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more likely to distinguish between
what matters and what does not．
It is easier to avoid a discussion，but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome．
40. According to this passage，what is arguing？
41. Why is it that“the older you are， the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”？
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why．
Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the
chance of you getting angry．
43. In addition to improving emotional health，what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an
argument？ （In about 40 words）
Writing 2
【2021年天津卷第一次】I’ve always been creative since I was a little girl. My childhood was filled with
arts, crafts (手工) and music, and every day was an exciting adventure of creation.
Somewhere along the way, however, I lost touch with my creative self. At 21, I landed a job at a big insurance
company out of my business degree. I would go to the office, sit at my desk and repeat the same work five days a
week 9 to 5. The days were long and tedious. Working this way for one year was painful enough, let alone a
lifetime. Before long I decided to make a change.
One thing I had developed an interest in was sewing, so I took a sewing course at a community college. It was
only a five-week course but it awakened my interest and got my confidence up.
As I dreamt bigger, I began looking into college courses for Fashion Design and three months later I signed up
for a part-time design course. I attended classes two nights a week. Although exhausting, it gave me energy,enthusiasm and happiness.
As it became clearer that fashion was what I wanted to do full time, the reality of my day-to-day work at the
insurance company became harder. I felt bored. No energy, no motivation and zero fulfilment (满足感).
I knew I needed to make a bigger change. After struggling for quite a while, I made a difficult decision—
leaving my job and studying my design course full time. Two years later I got my diploma.
The last few years have been exciting because I’ve been following my heart to do what I love. Today I am
living a creative life as the designer of my own fashion brand.
Sometimes it’s hard to make a change, but I’m so glad I set the wheels of change in motion with that very
small first step because it has led me to where I am today.
56．What was the author interested in when she was a little girl? (no more than 10 words)
57．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean? (1 word)
58．How did the author feel when she was taking the part-time design course? (no more than 10 words)
59．What did the author do to get back to her creative life? Give two of the facts. (no more than 15 words)
60．Do you consider the author as your role model? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
Writing 3
【2021年天津卷第二次】Most of us associate learning with younger people—kids in school and college or
recent graduates early in their careers. But at Udemy, an open university offering online courses, Artist Anneke
Camstra is engaged in the pursuit of lifelong learning and displays her potential fbr teaching. She loves the
experience of gaining new knowledge and also loves sharing it with others. “I’m retired, but an artist never retires,”
Anneke said. “The last few years on the internet have been a great joy for me. I’ve taken so many Udemy courses,
and ifs such a great feeling to get my brain working again. I find just as much satisfaction in teaching animation(动
画制作)too.”
She reaches countless people with her online courses and exposes them to what they can accomplish on their
own using animation software, such as GoAnimate and PowToon. Her motivation fbr teaching on Udemy is “to get
the tools to the people.”“You can go such a long way to make things that look professional but still have your own
voice,” she explained.
Most of Anneke’s students start out thinking they’re not creative and can’t draw. Anneke understands how fear
can get in the way of so many things people dream of doing. With her five-day challenge courses, she helps them
get over the fear. Anneke loves the impact she has on her students. What makes her more proud of them is that they
have gone from their first animation to creating their own works.She encourages people of all ages, especially older people, to cultivate their curiosity for life. Grandparents,
for example, can learn to use GoAnimate and make animations together with their grandkids.
“Tm an older woman, teaching and having fun learning again,” Anneke said, and she wants others later in their
lives to catch up with her on this journey.
56. What does Anneke enjoy doing after her retirement? (no more than 10 words)
57. According to Para. 2, what does Anneke expect her students to do with animation software? (no more than 10
words)
58. What is the main idea of Para. 3? (no more than 15 words)
59. Please explain the meaning of the underlined word in Para. 4(1 word)
60. What do you suggest old people learn to do? Please give your reason(s). (no more than 20 words)
2020年
Writing 1
【2020年天津卷第一次】I remember the day shyness took over my life. I was 14 and having a French
lesson The teacher told us to record ourselves speaking about a holiday. Perfect！ I recorded myself with
confidence. Then, I pressed "play" to listen back. All I heard was a little kid talking. My immediate reaction was to
assume I was listening to someone else's recording. But that was my voice. I realised there was something strange
about me.
My little voice has made me feel really shy. And my shyness has caused me to avoid attending events, not
make important connections, and keep my ideas to myself. As a shy person, working from home, hiding behind my
computer was brilliant. But the more time I spent hidden away, the more my comfort zone shrank（缩小）.
Everyday interactions, like ordering a coffee, became increasingly awkward and uncomfortable.
And then, one day I was at a big conference and it suddenly hit me like lightning. Al speakers were confident,
comfortable with being seen. There were no quieter voices. But the trouble is, if the loud voices are the only ones
you hear, we quiet people feel even more alienated（疏远的）。 The world needs a mixture of personalities.
Success is not just about who can shout the loudest. The world needs quieter people, too. That day I chose to stop
hiding and embrace my shyness. No more feeling like I needed to change who I am in order to succeed. No more
living a small life.
Then I created the Shy and Mighty Society, a space for shy people like me to shine, and in the process of
helping others, I could also push myself forward, bit by bit. Now, I'm happy to tell people I feel shy. I'm not
ashamed any more. And I know that I’m not alone.56. Why did the author feel strange about herself after listening to the recording? （no more than 10 words）
57. What is the main idea of Para.2? （no more than 10 words
58. What does the underlined word in Para.3 mean? （1 word）
59. Why did the author create the Shy and Mighty Society? （no more than 10 words）
60. Suppose you are in charge of the Shy and Mighty Society, what will you do to help other shy people? And why?
（no more than 20 words）
Writing 2
【2020年天津卷第二次】As any younger brother will tell you, having a big brother involves a lot of
walking in someone else’s shadow, especially when you have a brother who is a typical example of “cool”. For
years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I was always the
neglected (被忽略的) one. My legs just weren’t made to run like his. I could never play football or basketball well.
I probably would have continued trying to keep up with him for the rest of my high school career, but when
my family moved, everything changed. Tyson left for college, so I had to start at a new school all by myself. This
new start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirely new version of “cool”.
I don’t know what made me decide to try some new activities at the new school, but one day I chanced to
show up for an after-school meeting of the Science Olympiad team. I had always been fascinated with chemistry,
biology, and math, but since those interests hadn’t fit Tyson’s definition of “cool”, I had never pursued them. On
this day, for some reason, I did.
As we organized teams, prepared resources and practiced answering questions, I felt more connected than I
ever had to any sports team. I didn’t feel as though I needed to keep up with anybody else; I was finally with peers
who understood me. It was so good to feel accepted for what I’m good at. For the first time in my life, I actually
felt cool. Now I know who I am! I’m Tyson’s little brother, but that’s only part of my identity. I’m a cool guy in my
own way, too. I’m relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think.
56. How do you understand the underlined part in Paragraph 1? (no more than 8 words)
_________________________
57. What changes offered a new start to the author after his family moved? (no more than 15 words)
_________________________
58. According to Paragraph 3, what marked the turning point in the author’s growth? (no more than 7 words)
_________________________
59. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? (no more than 10 words)
_________________________60. What is your example of “cool”? Please explain why. (no more than 20 words)
_________________________
Writing 3
【2020·江苏卷】
请阅读下面有关中国题材纪录片(documentary)的对话，并按照要求用英语写一篇150个词左右的文章。
Su Hua: Hi, Li Jiang! Did you see the BBC documentary on CCTV 9 last week?
Li Jiang: You mean Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet? Yes, I did. Fantastic!
Su Hua: Just think an English actor recites Chinese poems.
Li Jiang: I don’t really understand every line he recites, but I believe he truly loves the poems himself.
Su Hua: Right. It is reported that the film is well received outside China.
Li Jiang: Yeah, It’s my first time to hear Chinese stories told by an English speaker.
Su Hua: In fact, documentaries about our country are plentiful both at home and abroad. These films can
help foreign friends better understand this land-Chinese literature, geography history, food...
Li Jiang: I couldn’t agree more.
【写作内容】
1.用约30个词概括上述对话的主要内容；
2.谈谈中国题材纪录片受到外国朋友欢迎的原因(至少两点)。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2019年
Writing 1
【2019年江苏卷】The Cost of Thinking
Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics. such as large brains
and the ability to walk upright on two legs.
The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with otheranimals. It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains. Mammals(哺乳动物)weighing sixty
kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm2. Modern man has a brain averaging 1200-1400 cm2. We are so
fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better. Unfortunately,
that is not the case.
The fact is that a huge brain is a huge drain—consumption of energy—on the body. I's not easy to carry
around, especially when boxed inside a massive skull(倾骨). It's even harder to provides energy. In modern man,
the brain accounts for about 2-3%of total body weight but it consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is
at rest. By comparison, the brains of apes(类人猿)require only 8%of rest-time energy. Early humans pad for their
large brains in two ways. Firstly, they spent more time in search food. Secondly, their muscles grew smaller and
weaker. It's hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive. A chimpanzee(黑猩猩) can't win an
argument with a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.
Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, it's easier to find food or enemies.
In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or
signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.
Yet walking upright has its disadvantage. The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years
to support a creature that walked on all fours and has a relatively small head. Adjusting to an upright position was
quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull. Humankind paid for its broad
vision and skillful hands backaches and painful necks.
We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the
most powerful animal on earth. But humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which
,
they remained weak and marginal creature. Thus humans who lived a million years ago despite their big brains
and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat-eating animals.
The Cost of Thinking
• Large brains for their bodies and the ability to walk upright are two
Introduction
___71___ of human beings.
• The larger brains may not be better because of the cost.
• The big brains make it harder for the body to move around and consume more
The ___72___ of large
energy.
human brains
• The animal brain requires less ___73___ when the body is at rest.
• Large human brains consume more food, and weaken muscles.
The ___74___ of • Walking upright makes it easy to find food or ___75___ against enemies.• Freed hands can serve some ___76___ purpose and perform complex tasks.
walking upright • Walking upright challenges the human bone structure, and ___77___
the size of brains.
• Walking upright results in ___78___ sufferings.
• With a large brain, human beings ___79___ other beings in terms of
intelligence.
Conclusion
• Weak and marginal, human beings remained ___80___ of meat-eating
animals.
Writing2
【2019年江苏卷】Li Jiang:Have you heard this？A group of exchange students from the UK are visiting our
school next month.
Su Hua:Yes，I have. Some are already recommending the traditional Chinese dress for the welcome ceremony.
Li Jiang:But it seems people have different opinions.
Su Hua:What do you think？
Li Jiang:I think it's a good idea. It's an opportunity to make the Chinese culture better known to international
students.
Su Hua:I agree. But we don't have to dress that way. That's not our daily style. Besides，it's not very convenient.
Li Jiang:You see. It's the Chinese culture that the British friends are coming for. Just the right occasion.
Su Hua:I prefer the school uniform. It's nice. It's also a better display of our school culture.
【写作内容】
1.用约30个词概括上述信息的主要内容；
2.在上述场合，你是否倾向于穿中国传统服装？请说明理由(不少于两点)。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Writing 3
【2018年浙江卷11月】It’s a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all
start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college
campus(校园) like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the
students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be
pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are
making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are
making the right one.
There’s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you
have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that won’t be as much of a possibility, but if you
live nearby, go check it out!
If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between
applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend. It can save you a lot of
heartache if you rule out now the things that you don’t like about certain campuses, things that you wouldn’t know
unless you actually visit.
Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. It’s a
chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors (顾问), and it won’t cost you a
penny! You can register for its online college fair at collegeweeklive.com. While visiting an online college fair
can’t take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will
help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you’d like to attend.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
________
Writing 4
阅读表达
【2019年天津卷】Haze Mabry，who has worked as a school keeper for thirteen years，walks into the
school building every day and empties garbage cans，wipes down bathrooms and mops wet messes in thehallways.
Last Friday，after he arrived at the school，instead of finding garbage to clean up，he found almost 800
students lining the hallways with handmade cards，blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy
birthday to him. It was his 80th. As he walked the long hallway，some popped out of lime to hug him. They
handed him so many cards that they filled several large boxes. Touched by their enthusiastic expression of
affection. Mabry thanked them all. "They're like my children，"Mabry said.
On a regular day，students at the school sometimes come up to him to say they're not feeling well or other
times to tell him about something that happened at break. He knows most of the kids at the school，but can't name
each one. Some of them make him know them. Like Faith，who often forgets her backpack in the cafeteria，and
Lucy，who just wants a hug.
“He won't brag（夸耀）on himself，but it doesn't matter what he's doing or where he is，he will always stop
what he's doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him，he will pause to
give that child his undivided attention. He's the most loved one in this building，"said Lori Gilreath，a reading
teacher.
Mabry works circles around all the students，cleaning up messes others don't want to touch. He doesn't expect
a lot. Mabry said he hadn't planned to do much for his milestone birthday，so he was happy the students had
prepared the surprise celebration.
Over the weekend，he worked through the piles of handmade cards at his house. One card from a student
stood out to him. It read: “Mr. Haze，you are my sunshine.”
56. What is Mabry's daily work as a school keeper？（no more than 5 words）
57. How did the students celebrate Mabry's birthday？（no more than 15 words）
58. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 probably mean？（1 word）
59. Why is Mabry's presence at the school important？（no more than 10 words）
60. Who is the "sunshine” in your life？Please explain. （no more than 20 words）
2018年
Writing 1
【2018年江苏卷】How Arts Promote Our Economy
When most people think of the arts, they imagine the end product, the beautiful painting, a wonderful piece of
music, or an award-winning performance in the theater. But arts groups bring broader value to our communities.
The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged.The arts create jobs that help develop the economy. Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists,
technical experts, managers, musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art. These people earn a living
wage for their professional knowledge and skills.
Another group of folks is needed to help market the event. “If you build it they will come” is a misleading
belief. Painters, digital media experts, photographers, booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and
promote the event. According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition, arts agencies employ more than
10,000 people as full-or part-time employees or independent contractors.
A successful arts neighborhood creates a ripple effect（连锁反应）throughout a community. In 2005, when
the Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our town, the location was considered a poor area of town. After investing
more than $1 million in reconstructing the building, we began producing a full season of theater performances, jazz
concerts, and year-round arts education programs in 2008. Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the
Dallas city limits and drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.
No doubt the theater has contributed to the area’s development and economic growth. Today, there are
galleries, studios, restaurants and newly built work spaces where neighbors share experiences, where there is
renewed life and energy. In this way, arts and culture also serve as a public good.
TeCo Theatrical Productions Inc. made use of Bloomberg’s investment of $35,000 to get nearly $400,000 in
public and private sector support during the two-year period. Further, Dallas arts and arts-based businesses produce
$298 for every dollar the city spends on arts programming and facilities. In Philadelphia, a metro area smaller than
Dallas, the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 million and support 44,000 jobs, 80 percent of which
actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants, marketers, construction workers, hotel managers,
printers, and other kinds of art workers.
The arts are efficient economic drivers and when they are supported, the entire small-business community
benefits.
It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot make a profit. But in order to stay in business, arts groups must
produce returns. If you are a student studying the arts, chances are you have been ill-advised to have a plan B. But
those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create a wide range of
career possibilities.
Arts as an
Our communities ___71___ from arts in terms of economy.
economic driver
___72___ of arts’ Arts activity demands a(n) ___73___ effort. It involves creation, performance,and ___74___.
★Artists make a living through their creative work.
★Others get paid by marketing the event.
Arts have a gradually spreading ___75___. They could help promote other
industries whether they lie inside or outside arts.
★Besides tickets, some jazz lovers will pay their ___76___ to and from the events.
promoting our
★Arts contribute to cultural development when people gather together to share their
economy
experience and renew their energy.
Investment in arts could produce potential ___77___ economic results.
★TeCo used a $35,000 art investment to attract an overall support of $400,000.
★In Dallas, one dollar invested in arts could harvest and extraordinary return of nearly
$300.
★In Philadelphia the arts have created about 35,000 job opportunities for workers
___78___ arts industry.
Art students With these ___79___ in mind, art students need not worry about their career and
making a good living have a(n) ____80____ plan.
Writing 2
阅读表达
【2018年天津卷】Some people live to climb the highest mountains. Some people live only dreaming about
it while others live to avoid ever climbing at all. But one thing is certain, all people encounter mountains in their
life.
When I was a little girl, my family moved to a tiny town at the bottom of a big mountain. One day after
school, while exploring the green woods of this magnificent mountain, I almost fell on a set of stairs. What could
these steps lead to? Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon. I started climbing
up those strangely mysterious steps.
I climbed and climbed. There was nothing but just green bushes and these steps. I had to reach the top! But it
was now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back. My mom would be worried sick
if I didn’t come home soon. So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared.
Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain. Could there be
a castle up there? Maybe I would find a monster(怪物). Maybe I was taking the risk of never coming back home.
Or, maybe all I would find was absolutely nothing! But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at
all cost. I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.
Now we live in a world surrounded by the "can’t do" attitudes. We all fall down. We all have doubts andregrets. Still we must climb and dream about what’s at the top of our mountain. Monsters may appear or the night
will fall. But never ever give up on your dream! Never let anyone tell you, "You can’t." Dream big and climb high!
56. What made the author start to climb up the stairs to the mountain top? (no more than 5 words)
57. Why did the author hurry back home without reaching the top of the mountain? Give two reasons. (no more
than 15 words)
58. How would you describe the author in terms of personalities according to Paragraph 4? (no more than 10
words)
59. How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (no more than 5 words)
60. What’s your attitude towards the "mountain" in your life? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)2017年
Writing 1
【2017年江苏卷】Population Change
Why is the world’s population growing? The answer is not what you might think. The reason for the explosion
is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits, but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies. In 1900,
people died at the average age of 30. By 2000 the average age was 65. But while increasing health was a typical
feature of the 20th century, declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.
Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5
nowadays. Furthermore, around 50% of the world’s population live in regions where the figure is now below the
replacement level (i.e.2.1 births per woman) and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement
birth rate. You might think that developing nations would make up the loss(especially since 80% of the world’s
people now live in such nations), but you’d be wrong. Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing
regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.
A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China, for instance. What does it imply? First, China
needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the country. Second, if other factors
such as technology remain constant, economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent
standards and this could invite trouble.
Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise. Since 1992 the
number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%. Indeed official figures
suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961.
Why is this occurring? Nobody is quite sure, but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do
with it. If current trends don’t bend, Russia’s population will be about the size of Yemen’s by the year 2050.
In the north of India, the population is booming due to high birth rates, but in the south, where most economicdevelopment is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly. In a further twist, birth rate is highest in poorly educated
rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas. In total, 25% of India’s working-age population has no
education. In 2030, a sixth of the country’s potential work force could be totally uneducated.
One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration. As for the USA, it is almost unique
among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010-2030. Moreover, the
USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants. As a result it’s likely to see a rise in the size of its
working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term.
Population Change
The birth rate in the 21st century may be much (71) ▲ than it
was in the 20th.
Decline of the birth rate It would be difficult for developed countries to maintain the (72)
▲ of population.
The impact of dropping birth rate on developing countries
may not be (73) ▲ but disastrous.
To guarantee its economic growth, China needs to deal with
the population issue properly, as its workers are getting (75)
▲ .
Population and (74)
The (76) ▲ death of Russians may result in a shrinking
▲ pressure
population, which would damage its economic future. It would
be better if it can change people’s way of (77) ▲ .
Leaving aside the birth rate issue, India’s economy may take off
when the country achieves (78) ▲ of educational
opportunity.
The USA will increase, from 2010-2030, its population by 20%
through (79) ▲ . This will (80) ▲ _ for the lack of young
work force.American solution
Writing 2
【2017年江苏卷】请认真阅读下面有关我国电影票房收入（box-office income）的柱状图及相关文字，并
按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Saturday Afternoon. In a Shopping Centre.
Li Jiang: Hi, Su Hua. Which movie shall we see?
Su Hua: Whatever. We’ve got so many choices, Kung Fu Yoga,
Journey to the West…Each sounds great!
Li Jiang: Yeah! And some movie stars are fantastic.
Su Hua: And the high-tech!...
Li Jiang: Perfect! Let’s get some food first. We only have 20 minutes
left.
Su Hua: No hurry. The cinema is on the same floor.
One Day in 2016. At Home.
Son: Mum, shall we go and see a film tonight?
Mother: Why bother? We can stay at home and watch films online. It’s convenient with our new and faster
network
Son: But it feels good in a cinema.
Mother: And the price… We have to pay 50 yuan a ticket.
Son: Only 10 yuan more than last year.
Mother: But still we cannot get the money’s worth. Some films are just boring…
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词概述柱状图信息的主要内容；
2. 我国电影票房收入变化的原因有哪些，简要谈谈你的看法（上述对话仅供参考，原因不少于两点）；
3. 谈谈你对我国电影票房收入走向的看法，并简要说明理由。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
【评分标准】内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
Writing 3
阅读表达
【2017年天津卷】In the years of my growing up, Dad was strict with me. He made sure I made
my bed and did my homework. He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the
party. I got so angry with him for laying down the law. I would scream, “ I hate you!” Dad would yell
back, “Good! I don’t care!” Deep down I knew he did.
One time at a party, I drank too much alcohol and got so sick. I said, “ Call my dad.” Next thing,
Dad was carrying me to the car. I woke up the next morning, thinking I would definitely be criticised.
As expected, I got a roasting , but I now understand why I needed discipline.
Dad was 29 when he got his big roles in films. I had an early start at the age of nine with a role
in a 1990s TV series, but it wasn’t until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress.
Like those early days for Dad, I faced lots of rejections. Working in such a competitive industry, I’ve
sometimes thought, “I can’t do this any more.”
Once, after a trip to Hollywood, I returned to Australia so depressed and spent months in my
bedroom painting, listening to Eckhart Tolle’s music and trying to find myself again. Dad sat me down
and said,“Alice, I know it’s hard, but it’s all about persistence(坚持不懈).”
Now I get to work with Dad a lot, which I love. We are both passionate about acting, which comes
from us being so interested in people. If it weren’t for Dad, I wouldn’t be where I am today. He’s my
biggest fan, and when you have that in your life you can go a long way.
56. What rules did Alice’s father set for her when she was growing up?(no more than 15 words)
57. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean? (no more than 5 words)
58. What did Alice’s father do when she felt depressed? (no more than 5 words)
59. According to the last paragraph, what do Alice and her father have in common? (no more than 10
words)
60. What do you think of Alice’s father? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
2016年
Writing 1
【2016年江苏卷】An Extension of the Human Brain
Other people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies (欠缺), much as a wooden legcan compensate for a physical deficiency. To be exact, other people can extend our intelligence and help us
understand and adjust our emotions. When another person helps us in such ways, he or she is participating in what
I’ve called a "social prosthetic (义肢的) system." Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face, and it’s clear to
me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems. It’s already a big bank of many
minds. Even in its current state, the Internet has extended my memory and judgment.
Regarding memory: Once I look up something on the Internet, I don’t need to keep all the details for future
use — I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so. More generally, the Internet
functions as if it were my memory. This function of the Internet is particularly striking when I’m writing; I’m no
longer comfortable writing if I’m not connected to the Internet. It’s become natural to check facts as I write, taking
a minute or two to dip into PubMed, Wikipedia, or other websites.
Regarding judgment: The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large. For example, when I’m
writing a textbook, it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term, which helps me dig into
the core and understand its meaning. But more than that, I now regularly compare my views with those of many
others. If I have a "new idea," I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it, or
something similar — and I then compare what I think with what others have thought. This certainly makes my own
views clearer. Moreover, I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about
those of others on the Internet.
These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since I’ve begun using a smartphone. I now
regularly pull out my phone to check a fact, watch a video, read weibo. Such activities fill the spaces that used to be
dead time (such as waiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting).
But that’s the upside(好处). The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and
sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea. Those opportunities are now fewer and farther between.
An Extension of the Human Brain
●The (71) ▲ can help make up for our mental and emotional
deficiencies as a wooden leg can compensate for a bodily
deficiency.
A prosthetic nature
●It (72) ▲ in our daily events, extending our intelligence,
comprehending our feelings, and expanding the range of social
activities.
●On the Internet, we could quickly and easily locate the details, and
check facts, without (73) ▲ them in mind.
Wonderful aspects: ●The Internet makes us smarter over (74) ▲ kinds of things. It
memory and judgment
provides a dozen definitions of a key term for us to find the (75)▲ of the matter.
●The Internet enables us to exchange ideas with many others to (76)
▲ our claims, and to (77) ▲ our actions.
●Smartphones make it easier and more (79) ▲ to check reality,
The (78) ▲ sides watch video clips, read weibo.
of smartphones
●Smartphones (80) ▲ the possibility for new and insightful
minds, and steal away our dead time.
Writing 2
【2016年江苏卷】In recent years, internet voting has become increasingly popular in China. People not only
cast on-line votes themselves, but also urge others to vote for competitions like the "Most Beautiful Teacher" and
the "Cutest Baby".
Li Jiang, a high school student, is invited to vote in the "Best Police Officer" competition, organized by the
local government to let the public have a better understanding of police officers’ daily work. Li Jiang visits the
website and reads all the stories. He is deeply moved by their glorious deeds. He is already thinking of becoming a
policeman himself in the future.
Su Hua is invited by his uncle to vote for his cousin in the "Future Singer" competition. He has already
received three similar invitations this week. His uncle tells him that if his cousin wins the competition, the family
will win an overseas tour for free. Su Hua likes his cousin very much, but he finds other singers perform even
better. To vote, or not to vote? This is a question that troubles him very much.
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词写出上文概要；
2. 用约120个单词阐述你对网络投票的看法，并用2~3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
Writing 3
【2016年上海卷】 Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed to reduce congestion(拥堵)
at some of the country’s busiest stations.
In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the LondonUnderground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.
A six-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the
right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is
designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . It could be expanded across
the Tube network in coming years.
According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving
the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the ＂standing ＂side.
A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be
raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: ＂It may not seem
right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This
new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.＂
Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim
that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times.
Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.
The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am
on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.
In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three ＂up＂ escalators will be standing only,
with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.
(Note: Answering the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)
78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?
79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?
80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.
81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other ＂up＂ escalators will be
used for_________________.
Writing 4
阅读表达
【2016年天津卷】I’m a 34-year-old man, married, lived in a nice house, and have a successful career as an
educational consultant. But my life was not always so great. I had a learning disability from an early age. I went to
a special school where I got plenty of extra help. Still, I suffered the rest of my school days in public schools.
My life improved remarkably when I discovered art. The art world gave me a chance to express myself
without words. I went to a workshop and gradually got good at making things with clay(黏土). Here I learned myfirst important lesson: disabled as I was in language, I could still be smart and well express myself with clay. And
my confidence came along.
I got my next lesson from rock climbing. It was a fun thing but I was scared from the start. I soon noticed it
wasn’t a talent thing; it was practice. So I did it more. After about five years of climbing, I found myself in
Yosemite Valley on a big wall. I learned that if you fall in love with something and do it all the time, you will get
better at it.
Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write. Every day I practiced
reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible. After two hard years, I was literate .
Having gone through the long process with art, rock climbing, and reading and writing, now I’ve got to a point
in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown, hard, but interesting.
56. What made the author’s school days difficult? (No more than 5 words)
57. Why did art give the author confidence? (No more than 10 words)
58. What lesson did the author learn from rock climbing? (No more than 15 words)
59. What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 4? (No more than 5 words)
60. How does the author’s story inspire you to overcome difficulties in life? Put it in your own words.
(No more than 20 words)
2015年
Writing 1
【2015年安徽卷】阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填
一个单词。
Pup a group of strangers in a room together, and they’ll probably start a conversation. "Hot today, isn’t it?"
one might say. "You said it," another replies.
Why do we talk so much about the weather? When we meet new people, we don’t begin by telling them our
life story. We start with small talk, a polite conversation about something like traffic or weather.
Research suggests that small talk can build new friendships. When we begin conversations with new people,
we want to feel comfortable, and so do they. We use small talk to find common interests. Once we have a common
interest, a friendship can begin.
Small talk even helps people get hired. In order to impress at a job interview, you need to bond with the
interviewer right away. Proper small talk can make that first impression get you the job.
So, how can you make small talk lead to a new friendship or job? First off, find common ground. Selectsomething around you that you share with the other person.
Next, keep the conversation going. Compliment (赞美) the other person to make him or her feel comfo
rtable, and ask questions to show interest.
Third, keep eye contact (接触). When you look people in the eye, they feel you appreciate what they are
saying. It makes you appear honest and builds trust.
Naturally, shy people might not have enough confidence to start up conversations with strangers. Talking to
someone you don’t know is not the easiest thing to do! Some experts say with more practice, small talk does get
easier.
Some people avoid small talk because they dislike discussing things like traffic or weather. For them, they are
just too small. However, when you think about it, small talk is anything but small. In fact, it is actually a very big
deal!
Title Small Talk: A Big (76)____
Introduction We are likely to make small talk when we (77)____ meet people.
❖ Small talk can help people form (79)____ friendships.
(78)____
❖ Small talk can also help people get a (80)____.
❖ Find some topics (81)____ with the other person.
❖ Keep the talk going by making compliments and (82)____ questions.
Advice
❖ Keep eye contact in conversation to build (83)____.
❖ (84)____ more in order to make small talk easier.
Conclusion Small talk really (85)____ a lot to us.
Writing 2
【2015年广东卷】请阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应
选项字母涂黑。
首先阅读下列活动介绍：请根据以
下人物介绍选择他们可能参加的活动：
46.Edward Leonardo Norton, connoisseur of Chinese and Japanese antiques. He has a strong interest in classical
Chinese literary works. He even starts going to evening classes to learn classical Chinese at Columbia University.47.Daphne Sui-yuan Tan, former director of National Association of Photographers. After reading some history
books on how the first group of Chinese immigrants survived in America of the 19th century, she has become
keen on her own family history and that of others.
48.Sharon Collins, pop singer and amateur photographer. Her marriage with a serious music critic has drawn her
to his world, so she is now crazy about classical music and will not miss any chance to attend a concert with her
husband.
49.Michelle Higgins, eminent photographer and columnist for quite a few internationally-known travel magazines.
Recently, she has shown great interest in photo exhibits which feature young artists with Islamic or Chinese
background.
50.Caroline Hugo, famous writer and influential movie critic. Last year her fantasy story which involved the
mysterious Forbidden City received critical acclaim. Now she is conceiving a romance that has Shanghai of the
1930s as the setting.
Writing 3
【2015年广东卷】阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
On the first day of her work, Sally found that a class full of problems was waiting for her. Six teachers had quit
before her. When she walked into the classroom, it was chaos: two boys were fighting in the far corner, yet the rest
of the class seemed not to notice them; some girls were chatting and some were running about; paper, food
packages and other garbage were littered around... Just when she was about to speak, a student rushed in and
pushed her aside! He was twenty minutes late!
Sally walked onto the platform, picked up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard: "Rule 1: We are
family!" All students stopped to look at her. And she continued with Rule 2,Rule 3...In the following weeks, Sally
worked out 10 class rules and posted them on the walls of the classroom. She patiently explained all the rules to the
students and required everyone to follow them.
Surprisingly, Sally was not driven out like the former teachers; instead, she won respect from the students.
Over the year, she witnessed gradual changes in the class. At the graduation ceremony, just as she expected, she
was very proud to stand with a class of care, manners and confidence.
[写作内容]
1.用约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
2.用约120个词就班规谈谈你的想法，内容包括：
(1)你们班最突出的问题是什么?
[来源:学。科。网](2)针对该问题你会设计一条什么班规?
(3)你认为该班规会带来什么影响?
[写作要求]
1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文的句子。
2.作文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
Writing 4
[来源:
【2015 年湖南卷】 Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the
information from the passage
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Not all print dictionaries are the same, as you will notice when you select one. To make a wise selection, you
should know how to distinguish among three kinds of print dictionaries: pocket, desk, and unabridged. You should
also know the copyright date of your dictionary, and check its special features.
A pocket dictionary is small. Generally, it contains no more than 75,000 entries, making it handy to carry to
class and efficient to use. However, a pocket dictionary doesn’t contain enough entries to be adequate for college
reference homework. In addition, the information about each word in a pocket dictionary is generally limited. A
desk dictionary is medium-sized, generally containing over 170,000 entries as well as extra features. For college
work you should own a current desk dictionary. An unabridged dictionary is a complete dictionary. Abridged
dictionaries, such as pocket and desk dictionaries, are shortened. Because unabridged dictionaries contain nearly all
English words, they are large and heavy. They are often used by schools and libraries.
If the copyright date of your current dictionary shows that it was published five or more years ago, consider
investing in a more recent edition. English is a dynamic language that admits new words and recognizes changes in
meaning, spelling, and usage of familiar words. This is reflected in an up-to-date dictionary.
In selecting a dictionary, check the features it offers besides vocabulary definitions. Many editions contain
signs, symbols and foreign words. Some also contain CD-ROMs and access to special online features.Writing 5
[来源:Z.xx.k.Com]
【2015年湖南卷】Walk Out of the Comfort Zone and Try New Things
For most high school students, free periods are useless. From what I have seen, few do homework; instead many
are on their phones and talking, making it impossible for those who actually want to do work to complete any. As a
senior next year, I think extra periods should be used to take optional subjects.
Our school offers many classes. Now is the time to experiment in different fields of study. We will never know if
we are interested or talented in a subject if we don’t try it.
In my 8th grade, I was told that I had to take an art class as a graduation requirement; so in the 9th grade I took
Studio and Art. One of the projects was to build a clay pot, but I built mine incorrectly, so it broke in the kiln (窑). I
found out that I have no artistic ability at all, and now I know for sure that I do not want to be an artist. However,
the class was one of my favorites that year. I was able to try new activities and test my ability.
Walk out of our comfort zone and try new things! College is when we should focus on a specific major, but high
school is when we have to figure it out.
Half of all college students change their major at some point. By doing that hundreds of dollars are wasted on
classes that they would have never needed to take. So use our extra periods to find out what we want to do incollege. The classes we choose can impact us in the future. Taking optional subjects will enrich our mind. It will
also show colleges we are diverse students.
81. How should we use our extra periods in the author’s opinion?(No more than 9 words) (2 marks)
82. Why does the author think we should experiment in different fields of study?(No more than 17 words) (2
marks)
83. Why did the clay pot show the author’s lack of artistic ability?(No more than 10 words) (3 marks)
84. According to the author, how will taking optional subjects impact us in the future?(No more than 13 words) (3
marks)
Writing 6
【2015年江苏卷】People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds.
One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle. For want
of better names, we shall call these two classes immediatereward and delayed reward.
In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and
corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected from
news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science, education, and health.
News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the
dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at
a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or
dogs.
News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate
unpleasantness or annoyance — as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting
national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of "threat value." It is read so
that the reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the
world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other
kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.
For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a sociologist
may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach may read a sports storyfor its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may read an account of his latest
successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party. In any
given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect
experience, but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while the division of
categories holds in general, an individual’s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or
divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.
What news stories do you read?
Division of People expect to get (71) ▲ from reading news.
news stories News stories are roughly divided into two classes.
Some news will excite their readers instantly while others
won’t.
(72) ▲ of News of immediate reward will seemingly take their
the two classes readers to the very frightening scene without actual (73)
Writing 7
▲ . 【2015 年江
Readers will associate themselves closely with what
苏卷】
happens in the news stories and (74) ▲ similar feelings
81.请阅读下
with those involved.
面文字及图
News of delayed reward will make readers suffer, or
present a(75) ▲ to them. 表,并按照要
News of delayed reward will induce the reader to (76)
求用英语写
▲ for the reality while news of immediate reward will
一篇 150 词
lead the reader to (77) ▲ from the reality.
左右的文章.
Unstable boundaries What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped
of the two classes by their
(78) ▲ .
Serious readers will both get excited over what happens
in some news stories and (79) ▲ themselves to the
reality.
Thus, the division, on the whole, (80) ▲ on the reader.[写作内容]
1. 用约 30 个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；
2. 结合上述信息，简要分析导致交通问题的主要原因；
3. 根据你的分析，从社会规范(rules and regulations)和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示(不
少于两点)。
[写作要求]
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
[评分标准]
内容完整，语言规范,语篇连贯，词数适当。
Writing 8
【2015年四川卷】 阅读下面短文，并用英语回答问题，请清楚问题后的词数要求。
It was a hot summer day that found me running down the street with a dollar in my sweaty hand.The closer I
got to Sam & Joe's Stationery Store, the more excited I was. After all, a dollar was a tidy sum for an 11-year-old
boy in 1961.
Out of breath, I swung open the door and got a blast of cold air that instantly cooled me off. I was in a place of
pure happiness. Sam & Joe's had it all — books, candy, toys, baseball cards，puzzles and games. I went directly
to the bar and ordered a bottle of soda. There I sat, considering my next move.
Books always came first. I picked out five titles. Next came the candy, rows and rows of it. I chose fivecandy bars, which brought my total to 75 cents. Then a bottle of cold orange juice, a bag of chips and a pack of Ted
Williams baseball cards. After paying the clerk, I still had 5 cents.
I hurried directly to my backyard, where an apple tree patiently waited for me. There, sitting in the shade
against its strong trunk, I read my books, ate my candy and drank my orange juice.
As I sat in my own personal heaven，I started thinking about having more. That's when a fantastic life-
changing idea popped into my head: If I could get more money, I could buy more books I liked, buy anything l
wanted. That's how it all started.
56. How did the boy feel on his way to Sam & Joe’s?(no more than 5 words)
57. What does “a tidy sum” mean in Paragraph 1?(no more than 5 words)
58. What did the boy consider doing first after he ordered soda?(no more than 5 words)
59. What did the boy do while reading?(no more than 5 words)
60. Where was the boy’s “personal heaven”?(no more than 9 words)
Writing 9
【2015年天津卷】阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Six days a week, up and down the red hills of northeast Georgia, my grandfather brought the mail to the folks there.
At age 68, he retired from the post office, but he never stopped serving the community.
On his 80th birthday, I sent him a letter, noting the things we all should be thankful for — good health, good
friends and good outcomes. By most measurements he was a happy man. Then I suggested it was time for him to
slow down. At long last, in a comfortable home, with a generous pension, he should learn to take things easy.
“Thank you for your nice words,” he wrote in his letter back, “and I know what you meant, but slowing down
scares me. Life isn’t having it made; it’s getting it made.”
“The finest and happiest years of our lives were not when all the debts were paid, and all difficult experiences
had passed, and we had settled into a comfortable home. No. I go back years ago, when we lived in a three-room
house, when we got up before daylight and worked till after dark to make ends meet. I rarely had more than four
hours of sleep. But what I still can’t figure out is why I never got tired, never felt better in my life. I guess the
answer is, we were fighting for survival, protecting and providing for those we loved. What matters are not the
great moments, but the partial victories, the waiting, and even the defeats. It’s the journey, not the arrival, that
counts.”
The letter ended with a personal request: “Boy, on my next birthday, just tell me to wake up and get going,
because I will have one less year to do things — and there are ten million things waiting to be done.”
Christina Rossetti, an English poet, once said: “Does the road wind uphill all the way? Yes, to the very end.” Today,at 96, my grandfather is still on that long road, climbing.
56. What was the author’s grandfather before he retired? (no more than 5 words)
57. What did the author advise his grandfather to do in his letter? (no more than 10 words)
58. What is the grandfather’s view on life according to his letter back? (no more than 10 words)
59. How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words)
60. Do you agree with the grandfather’s view on life? Give reasons in your own words, (no more than 20 words)
2014年
Writing 1
【2014年广东卷】阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息，请在答题卡上将对应题号的相
应选项字母涂黑。
首先请阅读某大学提供给学生的项目信息：
A． B.
In-Company Experience Camp World
[来
源:学+科+网]
Cha llenging posts in Work in camps for young people in one or more
industry for gap year of the five continents. You help organize sports
students. Use your activities and other outdoor pursuits and you
academic and interpersonal could end up with a qualification as an instructor.
skills to improve a product 学科网ZXXK]
[来源:
or service provided by a
top name company-and get
paid for it!
[来源:学科网]
[来源:学,科,网]
C. D.
Community Care Academic Study Year
Volunteer wor k at home Spend a whole year studying
and abroad with the at a foreign university in
physically and mentally Europe, the USA or even
handicapped, the further afield, without the
homeless, the elderly and pressure of exams.
orphans. You’ll need to be Accommodation with local
committed, patient and families. Grants available.
sensitive to others.
E. F.Conservation Language Teachers Abroad
International
Teach your own language or
Conservation and research English in almost any
work with teams of country in the world. Class
volunteers on nature sizes vary from one to one
reserves in South America hundred and resources can be
and Africa. Projects basic, but your students will
include monitoring welcome you with open
wildlife, path building and arms.
water and soil
conservation.
46. I grow up in a very big family. My parents have raised twelve kids and I am their first-born. It has been my duty
to help my mom take care of my brothers and sisters. To handle them, often I have to organize an outdoor activity,
like a softball game. I must say that I have the potential to work as an instructor.
47. Last year, my dog got crippled after losing the fight to my neighbor’s bulldog. I rinsed its wound with some
lotion and t ied its leg with a stick. I had him take medicine every day for a full month. Finally he recovered. I
think I can help the elderly and the disabled as well. I feel so good when I can offer help.
48. I am a film buff. A big fan of Antonio Banderas. He is so wild and charming. Because of him, I fell in love with
Spain. The Latin dance and the bullfight are really exciting. Oh, if only I could stay in Spain as an exchange
student! I would be learning Spanish so well that I can watch a Spanish film with the dubbing.
49. I had the experience of working as a social worker in Switzerland last summer. I love the country and its people.
There are gr eat mountains for climbers and the local people are so nice to strangers. I helped the kids with their
English. My teaching skills improved greatly during my stay. Now I’m well prepared to work as a language
instructor.
50. I spent my gap year traveling all over Africa last year. It was definitely an eye- opening experience. The exotic
clothes and tribal dances of the people really fascinated me. But I was most amazed by the wildlife there. I really
took great pleasure in watching those animals hunting their prey. You know, I specialize in zoology, and I’m a good
observer.
Writing 2
【2014年广东卷】阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Oseola McCarty spent more than 75 years washing and ironing other people’s clothes. As a laundrywoman,
she was paid only a few dollars each time. Certainly nobody would consider her rich, so they were all amazed when
Miss McCarty decided to donate $ 150,000 to the University of Southern Mississippi.The money was all my savings. She could save such a large amount of money because she lived a very
simple life. She never learned to drive, and when she wanted to go somewhere, she just walked. She never flew to
anywhere till the donation（捐助），and in 50 years she had been out of the South only once. The house in which
she lived was also a rather modest one her last uncle left her. Only after she became known in America did she
begin to travel all over the country. Since then, she had been the subject of many interviews and articles and was
even invited to the White House.
Her donation was for students who clearly needed financial help. She herself left school in the sixth grade and
had never married or had children. She said to the reporters that the idea of helping somebody’s child go to college
gave her much pleasure.
[写作内容]
1. 用约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
2. 用约120个词就Miss McCarty的捐助谈谈你的想法，内容包括：
（1） 你如何看待她的捐助行为；
（2） 你认为她的捐助对受惠学生有哪些影响；
（3） 如果你自己要捐助，你会选择哪个群体并陈述理由。
[写作要求]
1. 作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文的句
子。
2. 作文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
Writing 3
【2014年安徽卷】阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
Many people believe that classical music is not relevant music is not relevant to young people today. However,
this issue (问题) frequently causes heated debate.
Some people say that classical music is associated only with old people .For example, if you look at the
audience at a classical concert, the majority is over the age of fifty.
Others say it is more popular than we first imagine. Many young people listen to classical music without
realising. It is often used in films and advertisements. For example, a famous piece of classical music was used as
the theme music for the 1990 World Cup. Not many people could have given its name, but millions enjoyed it.Also, some people point out that young people produce new music based on classical ideas: for example, it is
said that rap(说唱)music was invented by a classical musician in 1912, but it is now used by young people in pop
music.
However, young people point to the fact that classical music has been outstripped(超越) by technology. To
play a classical instrument, such as a violin, you need to study hard and practise for hours. Nowadays, you don’t
need to get aching arms from practising. A teenager can write and make music using a computer program in the
comfort of their own bedroom.
A final point to in mind is that the term "classical music" is used to refer to a great variety of music, from jazz
to pieces for large orchestras(管弦乐队). This makes it even more difficult to say whether classical music is
relevant to young people.
So, it may be only a minority of young people who play classical instruments, but when it comes to enjoying
classical music, it depends on the piece of music. It may be more relevant to young people in the modern world
than they realise!
Title Classical Music
The issue of whether classical music is (76) to young people causes
Introduction
heated debate.
Opinions Evidence
★ Classical music is associated only with ☆ (77) of the audience at a classical concert are
old peonl. over fifty.
★ Many young people don’t (78) ☆ Classical music is often found in films and
advertisements.
some music they listen to is classical.
★ Classical ideas provide a (79) ☆ Young people now (80) rap in popular
music.
for producing new music.
★ (81) has put classical music at a ☆ A young man can write and make music on a
disadvantage. computer (82) in his bedroom.
★ “Classical music” can refer to various ☆ Classical music (84) from jazz to pieces
(83) of music. for large orchestras.
Conclusion Classical music may still be (85) by young people today.
Writing 4
【2014年湖南卷】Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the
information from the passage.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Many of us invest valuable time，energy and money planning our vacations. We do this because we know forsure that going on vacations must be good for us. Research proves this feeling without a doubt. Vacations help us
perform better at work, improve our sleep quality and cushion us against depression.
Yet, despite these benefits, many of us return home with a feeling that our last vacation was OK - but not great.
In order to change this, some mistakes should be avoided. A classic one for vacation planners is attempting to
maximize value for money by planning trips that have too many components (组成部分)• Perhaps you’re planning
a trip to Europe, seven cities in 10 days，and you realize it will cost only a little more to add two more destinations
to the list Sounds fine in theory, but hopping from one place to the next hardly gives an opportunity to experience
what psychologists call mindfulness - time to take in our new surroundings, time to be present and absorb our
travel experiences. Another mistake is that we worry too much about strategic issues such as how to find a good
flight deal，how to get from A to B，or which destinations to add or subtract from our journey. These issues may
seem important, but our psychological state of mind is far more important.
Actually, vacation happiness is based on the following top rules. First, choose your travel companions wisely,
because nothing contributes more significantly to a trip than the right companions. Second，don’t spend your
vacation time in a place where everything is too expensive so as to maintain a positive mood. Third, shop wisely,
for meaningful experiences provide more long-term happiness than physical possessions.
Writing 5
【2014年湖南卷】
Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.
Kids and Ponds
Years ago there was a group of kids who would hang around at some local ponds in the woods near their
houses in Warwick, Rhode Island. In summer they caught frogs and fish. When winter arrived they couldn’t wait togo skating. Time passed, and the ponds became the only open space for the kids to enjoy themselves in that
neighborhood.
One day. a thirteen-year-old boy from this group of kids read in the local newspaper that a developer wanted to
fill in the ponds and build over a hundred small houses called condominiums. So the boy went door to door and
gathered more than two hundred signatures (签名）to stop the development A group of citizens met and decided to
support him.
At the meeting of the town planning board (委员会)，the boy was quite nervous at first and spoke very softly.
But when he saw the faces of his friends and neighbors in the crowd and thought about what was happening to
their favorite ponds，his voice grew louder. He told the town officials that they should speak for the citizens. He
also insisted that they should leave enough space for children. A few days later，the developer stopped his plan.
Nine years later, when that teen was a senior in college, he was informed that the developer was back with his
proposal to build condominiums. Now twenty-two years old, he was studying wetlands ecology. He again appeared
before the town planning board. This time as an expert witness, he used environmental protection laws to explain
restrictions on development in and around wetlands and the knowledge of wetlands ecology to help improve the
development. Finally some condominiums were built, but less than half the number the developer wanted. The
ponds where those kids used to hang around were protected by a strip of natural land，and are still there today.
81.What did the kids like to do at the local ponds in winter?
(No more than 6 words) (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
82.How did the boy win the citizens’ support?
(No more than 10 words) (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
83.What did the boy tell the town officials?
(No more than 16 words) (3 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
84.What helped the boy to protect the ponds successfully nine years later?
(No more than 12 words) (3 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
Writing 6
【2014年江苏卷】The expression, “everybody’s doing it,” is very much at the center of the concept
of peer pressure. It is a strong influence of a group, especially of children, on members of that group to behave aseverybody else does. It can be positive or negative. Most people experience it in some way during their lives.
People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that part of their self-respect
comes from the approval of others. This instinct (天性) is why the approval of peers, or the fear of
disapproval, is such a powerful force in many people’s lives. It is the same instinct that drives people to
dress one way at home and another way at work, or to answer “fine” when a stranger asks “how are
you?” even if it is not necessarily true. There is a practical aspect to this: it helps society to function
efficiently, and encourages a general level of self-discipline that simplifies day-to-day interaction.
For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction; in order to
satisfy the desire, they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong. Teens and young adults may
feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometimes feel
pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to
hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can’t afford in an effort to “keep up with the
Joneses.”
However, peer pressure is not always negative. A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged
to study harder and get good grades. Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the
team win. This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a
bad one. Study groups and class projects are examples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better
themselves.
Schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure. They teach kids to stand up and be
themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong. Similarly, it can be
helpful to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups.Writing7
【2014年江苏卷】请阅读下面短文,并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。
When we read newspapers, we often come across such English words as “AIDS” and “PK.” When
we watch TV, we frequently hear words like “NBA” or “PM2.5.” When we speak, we automatically
use words like “OUT” or “Bye-bye.” English words and expressions like these are getting popular. They
have already become part of our daily language. And 239 English words have been included in the latest
Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese. ZXXK
The inclusion has started a heated discussion. A group of scholars signed a letter of complaint over the
inclusion of these English words, which, they think, goes against Chinese language policies. They not only worry
that Chinese is borrowing an increasing number of English words but are also concerned that the inclusion may
hurt the dignity of the Chinese language. However, others are in favor of the inclusion because it is hard to saywhether it will threaten the Chinese language. They believe the selection is mostly a result of their function and use
in daily life.
[写作内容]
1. 用约 30 个单词写出上文概要;
2. 用约 120 个单词发表你的观点,内容包括:
(1)支持或反对汉语词典收录英语词汇;
(2)用 2- 3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。
[写作要求]
1. 可以支持文中任一观点,但必须提供理由或论据;
2. 阐述观点或提供论据时,不能直接引用原文语句;
3. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;
4. 不必写标题。
[评分标准]
内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。
Writing 8
【2014年江西卷】阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的词
数要求）。
【1】A safari park is a park in which wild animals are kept. They are mainly located in east or
central Africa. They often occupy a very wide area, with mountains and rivers. To visit the park and
look at the animals, people have to drive around in a car for a few hours because the park is huge.
【2】In south Africa there is a safari park, which contains all sorts of wild animals like lions,
elephants, rhinoceroses(犀牛), zebras, wild pigs, deer and giraffes.
【3】There is a wild road leading through the park, but nobody is permitted to walk on the road.
Anyone traveling in the park has to go in a car because wild animals may fiercely attack people. From
the car he may see almost every type of African wildlife. Some of these are getting scarce (稀有的)
because people kill them for various reasons. For example, rhinoceroses are killed for their horns(角),
which are used in traditional Chinese medicines for colds and headaches. Perhaps they will be seen only
in museums and books one day.
【4】Travelers may purchase food for the animals. They can feed them when they tour the park. Of
course, they should not feed them in a close distance because the wild animals may attack people. Inaddition, they should only give proper food to the animals.
【5】A traveler may carry a gun with him in his journey. The gun is given to him by the
government. However, it is not used for hunting. In fact, a seal is fixed to it. The traveler may fire at a
wild beast to defend himself in case he is attacked. However, he has to prove to the government that he
has been attacked and that he has not fired at a harmless animal.
76. List one of the reasons why travelers have to stay in a car during their visit.（no more than 6
words）
________________________________________________________________________
77. Why are rhinoceroses getting scarce?（no more than 7 words）
________________________________________________________________________
78. What warning are given to travelers when they feed the animals?（no more than 15 words）
________________________________________________________________________
79. How does the government know the gun is fired?（no more than 10 words）
______________________________________________________________________
80. What is the passage mainly about?（no more than 6 words）
Writing 9
【2014年山东卷】阅读下面的短文并用英语回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题
后的字数要求）。
[1] Nowadays the cost of a new car has fallen in real terms so that it is cheaper than ever to own one, and better
road conditions have also attracted more drivers. The result is overcrowding on the road system, which is one of the
problems the local governments are faced with.
[2] When people travel to other towns, the problem might be relieved by getting them to park outside the town.
Buses could be provided to take them into the centre. These Park and Ride projects are increasingly popular in the
UK. At Southerton, for example, a council-funded project led to a 15% drop in city centre traffic over five months.
[3] What the council found, though, was that the project proved somewhat unpopular with shop owners in the
area outside the centre. Many of their shops relied on passing car drivers for some of their trade. As the number of
people driving past dropped, so did their incomes.
[4] Making car driving expensive is another way of ____________. Road taxes tend to mean that people use
their cars less. Fining drivers who are in areas where cars have been banned can also tend to encourage them toleave their cars behind.
[5] However, one thing has to be got right for any solution to succeed. If we expect people to give up the habit
of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on. Constant delays, unannounced changes to the
timetable and sudden cancellations all discourage people from using public transport. People will only see it as a
real choice if the buses and trains are on time.
66. What causes overcrowding on the road system according to Paragraph 1? (no more than 12 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
67. What should people do when traveling to other towns according to the Park and Ride projects? (no more than
14 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
68. Why were some shop owners unhappy about the project? (no more than 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
69. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4. ( no more than 8 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
70. Why are people unwilling to use public transport according to Paragraph 5? (no more than 8 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________
Writing 10
【2014年四川卷】阅读表达（共5小题：每小题2分，共10分）
When my father was celebrating a milestone(里程碑) birthday, I pulled together a surprise gift that he would
never forget.
As he was approaching 60, I had a fun idea: What if I could get the memories people had of him, put each
one into an envelope — 60 in total — and have him open them, one by one, on his birthday? So I wrote an e-mail
to family and friends, explaining my idea.
I sent the e-mail and waited. And then the replies started coming in and I was very, very surprised. There were
so many memories, and they were all so lovely. They came from the ‘50s, ‘60s, ‘70s, from every decade（十年）
between now and the day my dad was born. They came from my mother, my siblings, my grandma, my dad’s
friends from high school, his sister, my dad’s first boss, a colleague at his first job, from people who hadn’t seen my
dad in 40 years, from people I myself hadn’t even informed. They typed them and handwrote them. They mailed
them and e-mailed them.
The night before Dad’s birthday, my sister and 1 stayed up late, putting everything together with some
envelopes.The next morning, after breakfast and presents and cake, we gave the pile of envelopes to him. ＂Just one
more thing for you,＂ we said.
It took him a long time to open them and read. Each one was a brief ticket to another time, a leap(跳跃)
backward over years and decades. There was a lot of laughter and a few tears, too.
I was kind of sad when the project was over because it was great fun to collect these memories. It gave me a
different picture of my dad.
56. When did the author give her father a surprise gift? (no more than 4 words)
57. Who sent the mails? (no more than 6 words)
58. Why did the author and her sister stay up late the night before their father’s birthday? (no more than 9 words)
59. How did the author’s father most probably feel when he read the mails? (no more than 3 words)
60. What was the surprise gift? (no more than 6 words)
Writing 11
[来源:学科网ZXXK]
【2014年天津卷】阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Last December, Doris Low turned 90. Once a week she still drives to the Canadian National Institute
for the Blind (CNIB) in Toronto, where she helps transform literature into braille(盲文) to bring the
power of story and knowledge to the hears and minds of blind readers. She has been volunteering her
time and talents to such enterprises foe more than 40 years.
After working in the business world for a while, Low got fed up. So she turned to teaching at a
technical school and later moved into the library.
Low’s mother liked reading. As her eyes began to fail, low read to her. Then “hearing an
advertisement encouraging people to learn braille, I decided to give it a try.” In 1973, she was certified
as a braille transcriber (转译者) and began transcribing books as a volunteer for the CNIB library.
The job was strenuous — she could get to the end of a page, make a mistake on the last line, and
have to do the whole thing again. For a number of years, Low also worked in the CNIB sound studio
reading books onto tape. Three years ago, she took up proofreading (校对) at the CNIB’s word factory.
In April, during Volunteer Week, the CNIB recognized Low for her great contributions. Thanks to
volunteers like Low, the CNIB library has got more than 80,000 accessible materials for people unable to
read traditional print. “I can’t imagine how many readers of all ages have benefited from Doris’s
contribution as a skilled volunteer through her rich voice and her high degree of accuracy in the hundredsof books she has brailled and proofread over the years — and she is still doing so,” said a CNIB
official.
“For me,” said Low, “the CNIB is more than just a place to volunteer. Three things matter most in
my life: a little play, a little work, a little love. I’ve found them all here.”
56. What does Low still do at the age of 90 at the CNIB? ( no more than 10 words)
57. Why did Low learn braille? (no more than 15 words)
58. What does the underlined word “strenuous” most probably mean?(1 word)
59. What are Low’s contributions to the CNIB? (no more than 15 words)
60. What do you think of Low? Give your reasons. (no more than 20 words)
