文档内容
【赢在高考·黄金 8 卷】备战 2024 年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）
黄金卷 05
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，
用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项
涂黑。
（2023上·北京房山·高三北京市房山区校考期中）I used to hate being called upon in class mainly because
I didn’t like attention drawn to myself. And unless otherwise assigned a seat by the teacher, I always chose to sit at
the back of the classroom.
All this 1 after I joined a sports team. It began when a teacher suggested I try out for the basketball
team. At first I thought it was a crazy 2 because I didn’t have a good sense of balance, nor did I have the
ability to keep pace with the others on the team and they would tease me. But for the teacher who kept insisting on
my “ 3 for it”, I wouldn’t have decided to give a try.
Getting up the courage to go to the tryouts was only the half of it! When I first started 4 the practice
sessions, I didn’t even know the rules of the game, much worse what I was doing. Sometimes I’d get 5 and
take a shot at the wrong direction, which made me feel really stupid. 6 I wasn’t the only one “new” at the
game, so I decided to focus on learning the game, do my best at each practice session, and not be too hard on
myself for the things I didn’t 7 “just yet”.
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002I practiced and practiced. Soon I knew the rules and the “moves”. Being part of a team was fun and motivating.
Very soon the competitive 8 in me was winning over my lack of confidence. With time, I learned how to
play and made friends in the process-friends who respected my efforts to work hard and be a team player. I never
had so much fun!
With my improved self-confidence comes more praise from teachers and classmates. I have gone from
“ 9 ” in the back of the classroom and not wanting to call attention to myself, to raising my hand——even
when I sometimes wasn’t and not 100 percent 10 I had the right answer. Now I have more
self-confidence in myself.
1．A．continued B．changed C．settled D．started
2．A．idea B．plan C．belief D．saying
3．A．going B．looking C．cheering D．applying
4．A．enjoying B．preparing C．attending D．watching
5．A．committed B．motivated C．embarrassed D．confused
6．A．Interestingly B．Fortunately C．Obviously D．Hopefully
7．A．want B．do C．support D．know
8．A．roles B．part C．mind D．value
9．A．dreaming B．playing C．relaxing D．hiding
10．A．lucky B．happy C．sure D．satisfied
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．D 8．B 9．D 10．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，短文叙述了以前作者是一个在课堂上不喜欢被点名回答问题，喜欢坐在班级后
排的学生。但是在老师的鼓励下，作者勇敢地参加了运动队，这彻底地改变了作者，使作者成为了一个敢
于积极回答问题的学生，作者比以前更自信了。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一切都在我加入运动队后改变了。A. continued继续；B. changed改变；C.
settled和解；D. started开始。根据下文“I have gone from “____9____” in the back of the classroom and not
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002wanting to call attention to myself, to raising my hand—even when I sometimes wasn’t 100 percent ____10____ I
had the right answer. Now I have more self-confidence.”（我从坐在教室后面，不想引起别人的注意，到举手
——即使有时我不是百分之百地知道正确答案。现在我对自己更有自信了。）可知，作者之前不愿意举手回
答问题，也不愿意引起别人的注意，但这一切都在作者加入运动队后改变了。故选B。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初我认为这是一个疯狂的想法，因为我没有很好的平衡感，也没有能力跟
上团队中的其他人，他们会取笑我。A. idea想法；B. plan计划；C. belief信仰；D. saying说法。前文提到“It
began when a teacher suggested I try out for the basketball team. ”（事情开始于一位老师建议我参加篮球队的
选拔。）作者运动能力不佳，但是老师仍然想要作者参加篮球队，因此对于作者来讲是一个非常疯狂的“想
法”。故选A。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：要不是老师一直坚持让我“去做吧”，我是不会决定去尝试的。A. going走；
B. looking看；C. cheering欢呼；D. applying申请。根据下文“I wouldn’t have decided to give it a try.”（我不
会决定试一试。）可知，如果不是老师让作者去做吧，作者是不会想着动起来的。go for it的意为“加油，努
力争取，放手向前”。故选A。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我刚开始参加训练时，我甚至不知道比赛规则，更不用说我做什么了。A.
enjoying享受；B. preparing准备；C. attending参加；D. watching观看。根据“the practice sessions”（练习环
节）可知，指作者刚开始参加训练时。故选C。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时我会感到困惑，总是搞错方向——这让我觉得自己真的很愚蠢。A.
committed尽心尽力的；B. motivated积极的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. confused困惑的。根据下文“take a
shot at a wrong direction”（投篮的方向都会搞错）可知，作者开始训练的时候方向感不好，总是投错方向，
因此感到十分困惑。故选D。
6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我并不是唯一一个“新手”，所以我决定专注于学习比赛，在每个
练习阶段都做到最好，不对自己还不知道的东西太苛刻。A. Interestingly有趣地；B. Fortunately幸运地；C.
Obviously显然地；D. Hopefully有希望地。根据下文“I wasn’t the only one “new” at the game,”（我不是场上
唯一一个“新手”）可知，作者很幸运并不是唯一一个新人”。故选B。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我并没有对自己现在不知道的东西，要求过分苛刻。A. want想要；B. do做；
C. support支持；D. know知道。根据上文“I didn’t even know the rules of the game”（我甚至不知道比赛的规
则）可知，这里指作者不知道的东西。故选D。
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx0028．考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，我内心充满竞争的一面就战胜了我缺乏自信的一面。A. roles角色；B.
part部分；C. mind思维；D. value价值。根据下文“my lack of confidence”（缺乏自信的一面）于“the
competitive”（有竞争力的一面）是作者身上完全相反地两部分。故选B。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我已经从躲在教室后面，不想引起别人对我自己的注意，变成了举手，即使
有时我不能百分之百确定我有正确的答案。A. dreaming梦想；B. playing玩；C. relaxing放松；D. hiding隐
藏。根据下文“not wanting to call attention to myself”（不想引起别人的注意）可知坐在后排可以不引起别人
注意，“藏”在人群后面。故选D。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我已经从躲在教室后面，不想引起别人对我自己的注意，变成了举手，
即使有时我不能百分之百确定我有正确的答案。A. lucky幸运的；B. happy幸福的；C. sure确定的；D.
satisfied满意的。根据下文“Now I have more self-confidence in myself.”（我现在更加自信了。）可知，即使不
能确定是正确的答案，作者也会自信地举起手。故选C。
第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
A
阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
（2023上·北京朝阳·高三统考期中）In my early years at school, I had trouble with some subjects. Sometimes I
would get an “F” and that would make me 11 (real) scared. What I used to do was turn the “F” into a “B”
12 (please) my parents. However, it didn’t work out and finally I was caught doing that. Then I knew I had to
accept that failure and learn from it, so I 13 (take) a positive approach. Naturally that “F” turned into a “B”
and that “B” turned into an “A”.
【答案】11．really 12．to please 13．took
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者刚开始上学的时候，学习成绩不佳，为了取悦父母，经常偷
偷把“F”改为“B”，被抓住后作者吸取教训，积极地学习，成绩慢慢变好了。
11．考查副词。句意：有时候我会得个“F”，这让我很害怕。分析句子可知，空处修饰形容词scared，因此
应用real的副词形式really，意为“很，十分”。故填really。
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx00212．考查非谓语动词。句意：我过去常常把“F”变成“B”来取悦我的父母。分析句子可知，空处作目的状语，
表示“为了”，因此应用please的不定式形式。故填to please。
13．考查时态。句意：然后我知道我必须接受失败并从中吸取教训，所以我采取了积极的态度。分析句子
可知，空处作句子的谓语，文章在叙述过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，因此应用take的过去式。故
填took。
B
阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
（2023上·北京·高三北京八中校考期中）Nearly two decades 14 (pass) since China sent the first
Beidou satellite into space in 2000. During that time, more Beidou satellites were sent into orbit (轨道), 15
(form) the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). In late 2012, it began providing positioning, navigation,
timing and messaging 16 (service) to people in China and other parts of the Asia-Pacific region. At the
end of 2018, BDS started to serve users worldwide. Now with two more Beidou satellites 17 (launch) on
Dec 16, 2019, BDS has 53 satellites in orbit.
【答案】14．have passed 15．forming 16．services 17．launched
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了自2000年中国将第一颗北斗卫星送入太空以来，已经过去了近20
年。在此期间，更多的北斗卫星被送入轨道，形成了北斗导航卫星系统(BDS)。
14．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自2000年中国将第一颗北斗卫星送入太空以来，已经过去了近20
年。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，结合该句since可知，应为现在完成时，主语two decades为
复数名词，所以为动词复数形式。故填have passed。
15．考查非谓语动词。句意：在此期间，更多的北斗卫星被送入轨道，形成了北斗导航卫星系统(BDS)。分
析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，form和逻辑主语Beidou satellites为主动关系，所以为现在分词形
式。故填forming。
16．考查名词复数形式。句意：2012年底，该公司开始向中国和亚太地区其他地区的用户提供定位、导航、
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002授时和信息服务。根据句意以及上文“positioning, navigation, timing and messaging”可知，此处服务不止一种，
故应用名词复数形式。故填services。
17．考查with复合结构。句意：随着2019年12月16日又发射两颗北斗卫星，北斗系统在轨卫星总数达到
53颗。分析句子可知，此处为with的复合结构，所以其动词应为非谓语形式，launch和Beidou satellites为
被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填launched。
B
阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
（2023上·北京海淀·高三统考期中）In Ming Dynasty, a clever craftsman named Zhang Sijia revolutionized
scissors. He 18 (combine) the strength of iron for the handles with a unique sword-making technique.
19 heating and hammering the edges with steel, he created blades that were exceptionally strong and sharp,
20 (make) daily tasks easier. These scissors became a kitchen essential, especially for cutting through tough
items like chicken or fish. In 1628, his son, Zhang Xiaoquan, established his namesake company.
【答案】18．combined 19．By/Through 20．making
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了明朝时期张思佳改良了剪刀。
18．考查动词的时态。句意：他将铁制剑柄的优点与独特的制剑技术结合在一起。根据前句中的“In Ming
Dynasty”和上下文时态可知，这里讲述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填combined。
19．考查介词。句意：通过加热和用钢锤击边缘，他创造出了非常坚固和锋利的刀片，这使日常任务变得
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002更容易。根据空后的“heating and hammering the edges with steel”可知，这里表示方式，应用介词by或者through。
置于句首，首字母大写。故填By/Through。
20．考查非谓语动词。句意参考上题。分析句子结构，空处应用非谓语动词。根据句意，他创造出了非常
坚固和锋利的刀片，这让人们更容易作日程工作，这里表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词。故填making。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分）
第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
（2023上·北京朝阳·高三统考期中）A hearing aid is a small electronic device you wear in or behind your
ear to make sounds louder. A hearing aid has three basic parts: a microphone, an amplifier and a speaker. The
hearing aid receives sound through a microphone, which changes the sound waves to electrical signals and sends
them to an amplifier. The amplifier increases the power of the signals and sends them to the ear through a speaker.
There are three styles of hearing aids.
·Behind-the-ear (BTE) aids are used by people of all ages. “Mini” BTE is a new kind. These small and
open-fit aids fit behind the ear completely, with a narrow tube into the ear canal, enabling the canal to remain open.
Thus, some people prefer it because their own voice does not sound “plugged up”.
·In-the-ear (ITE) aids fit completely inside the outer ear. Some ITE aids may have added features, such as a
telecoil that allows users to receive sound through the circuitry of the hearing aid, rather than through its
microphone.
•Canal aids fit into the ear canal and are available in two styles. In-the-canal (ITC) aids are made to fit the size
and shape of the ear canal. Completely-in-canal ( CIC) aids are hidden in the ear canal.
The hearing aid that will work best for you depends on your hearing needs and lifestyle. Price is also a key
consideration. However, just because one hearing aid is more expensive than another does not necessarily mean
that it will better suit your needs. Other features to consider include parts or services covered by the guarantee,
estimated costs for repair, and the hearing aid company’s reputation for quality and service.
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002For more information, contact: nidcdinfo@nidcd.nih.gov .
21．What helps strengthen the power of electrical signals in a hearing aid?
A．The microphone. B．The amplifier.
C．The speaker. D．The telecoil.
22．If preferring a hearing aid that keeps the ear canal open, you can choose______ .
A．“Mini” BTE B．In-the-ear aids
C．In-the-canal aids D．Completely-in-canal aids
23．To buy a suitable hearing aid, you should______ .
A．increase your estimated costs B．find the one with more features
C．give in to the after-sale services D．consider your needs and lifestyle
【答案】21．B 22．A 23．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了助听器的基本构成和三种基本类型（BTE、ITE、Canal aids）以及
适用人群、使用场景和价格等方面的信息。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段“The hearing aid receives sound through a microphone, which changes the sound
waves to electrical signals and sends them to an amplifier. The amplifier increases the power of the signals and
sends them to the ear through a speaker.(助听器通过麦克风接收声音，麦克风将声波转换为电信号并将其发送
到放大器。放大器增加信号的功率，并通过扬声器将它们送到耳朵)”可知，放大器有助于增强助听器内电信
号的强度。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段““Mini” BTE is a new kind. These small and open-fit aids fit behind the ear
completely, with a narrow tube into the ear canal, enabling the canal to remain open. Thus, some people prefer it
because their own voice does not sound “plugged up”.(“迷你”BTE是一种新型BTE。这些小而开放的辅助设备
完全适合耳后，有一个狭窄的管进入耳道，使耳道保持开放。因此，有些人喜欢它，因为他们自己的声音
听起来不“堵塞”)”可知，如果更喜欢保持耳道开放的助听器，你可以选择“Mini” BTE。故选A项。
23．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The hearing aid that will work best for you depends on your hearing needs
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002and lifestyle.(最适合你的助听器取决于你的听力需求和生活方式)”可知，要购买合适的助听器，你应该考虑
你的需求和生活方式。故选D项。
B
（2023 上·北京海淀·高三统考期中）I was born missing my left arm. In 1986, at 18 months, I was fitted
with a prosthetic (义肢) device, a decision made by my parents and doctors so that I would develop “normally”.
I spent my entire childhood and adolescence trying to fit in. I did just about anything to ease the pains of the
stares and pointing fingers from my classmates. By the time I was 8, I had no self-confidence, and the hand I was
wearing was making it harder for me to fit in. So I decided I was better off without one. I didn’t need anyone to fix
me.
To prove that I wasn’t limited by my disability, I developed a love for all sports, in particular swimming. I was
selected to my first Australian women’s swimming team at age 13 and successfully represented my country for
eight years. I realized I’d made a name for myself because of my disability.
I taught myself how to be comfortable in a society filled with insecurities. So when I was first contacted in
2021 by Covvi, a company trying to create the world’s most advanced bionic (仿生的) hand, I was a bit surprised.
They asked me to trial the hand and, if possible, to become a patient advocate. Initially, I said no. Then, curiosity
got the better of me.
While I was busy advocating for disability rights, a new generation of leaders, like Amy Purdy and Nick
Vujicic, used the power of technology and social media to display wheelchairs or artificial limbs without
explanation. People feared disability less. Society was beginning to see a person first, and their disability second.
Viewing disability through a social lens also meant acknowledging that a person is more disabled by their
environment and the discrimination of others than by their actual disability. As those conversations shifted, I
realized that there was an opportunity to use technology to steer the narrative for future generations. In July 2022, I
decided to trial the hand.
The role of patient advocate is an enormous privilege. Through sharing my journey, I’m able to reach
thousands of other people who would benefit from its extraordinary capabilities. That’s why I wear a bionic
hand—not because I’m broken, but because I have an opportunity to enhance the human capabilities that already
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002exist.
24．The author developed a love for all sports because ________.
A．she was longing for fame B．sports gave her self-confidence
C．she wanted to defeat her disability D．her prosthetic device empowered her
25．From Purdy and Vujicic, the author learned ________.
A．more people acknowledged their limits
B．the disabled needed a friendlier environment
C．social media allowed the disabled opportunities
D．technology shifted people’s attitudes to disability
26．Which of the following words can best describe the author?
A．Intelligent and brave.
B．Warm-hearted and patient.
C．Responsible and strong-willed.
D．Independent and innovative.
27．From the passage, we learn that one should ________.
A．maximize one’s abilities by embracing reality
B．build one’s social circle with optimism
C．stick to one’s goal to achieve success
D．take it easy in difficult situations
【答案】24．C 25．D 26．C 27．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者从小身患残疾，失去左臂，但是并不气馁，参加运动证明自
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002己并不受到残疾的限制并帮助他人的故事。
24．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“To prove that I wasn’t limited by my disability, I developed a love for all
sports, in particular swimming. (为了证明我没有受到残疾的限制，我开始热爱所有的运动，尤其是游泳。)”可
知，作者爱上了所有的运动，因为她想战胜自己的残疾。故选C。
25．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“like Amy Purdy and Nick Vujicic, used the power of technology and social
media to display wheelchairs or artificial limbs without explanation. People feared disability less. Society was
beginning to see a person first, and their disability second.(比如艾米·珀迪（Amy Purdy）和尼克·胡哲（Nick
Vujicic），他们利用科技和社交媒体的力量，不加解释地展示了轮椅或假肢。人们不再那么害怕残疾。社会
开始把一个人放在第一位，把他的残疾放在第二位。)”可知，人们不再那么害怕残疾。社会开始把一个人放
在第一位，把他的残疾放在第二位，即科技改变了人们对残疾的态度。故选D。
26．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“To prove that I wasn’t limited by my disability, I developed a love for all
sports, in particular swimming. (为了证明我没有受到残疾的限制，我开始热爱所有的运动，尤其是游泳。)”可
知，作者意志坚定，想通过运动战胜自己的残疾；根据文章最后一段“Through sharing my journey, I’m able
to reach thousands of other people who would benefit from its extraordinary capabilities. That’s why I wear a
bionic hand—not because I’m broken, but because I have an opportunity to enhance the human capabilities that
already exist.(通过分享我的历程，我能够接触到成千上万的其他人，他们将从它的非凡能力中受益)”可知，
作者分享自己的历程是想帮助他人，让他人从中受益，作者是一名有责任心的人。故选C。
27．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Through sharing my journey, I’m able to reach thousands of other people
who would benefit from its extraordinary capabilities. That’s why I wear a bionic hand—not because I’m broken,
but because I have an opportunity to enhance the human capabilities that already exist.(通过分享我的历程，我能
够接触到成千上万的其他人，他们将从它的非凡能力中受益。这就是我戴仿生手的原因不是因为我坏了，
而是因为我有机会增强人类已有的能力。)”可知，作者戴仿生手的原因是为了增强人类已有的能力，即我们
应该拥抱现实，最大限度地发挥自己的能力。故选A。
C
（2023上·北京丰台·高三统考期中）“Flying insects don’t fly directly to lights from far away because they’re
attracted to them, but appear to change course toward a light if they happen to be passing by due to a strange inborn
biological response,” writes Samuel Fabian, a bioengineer, in a research paper.
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002Until now, the leading scientific hypothesis has been that insects use the moon’s light to direct the way at
night and mistake artificial lights for the moon. But this idea doesn’t explain why insects that only fly during the
day also gather around lights.
To find out what really happens, Samuel’s team track the precise movements of insects in the wild around
lights using a high-speed camera. This revealed two notable behaviours. First, when insects fly above lights, they
often invert (转向) themselves and try to fly upside down, causing them to fall very fast. Just after insects pass
under a light, they start doing a ring road. As their climb angle becomes too steep, they suddenly stop and start to
fall. Second, when insects approach a light from the side, they may circle or “orbit” the light.
The videos show that the inversions sometimes result in insects falling on lights. It can appear to the naked eye
as though they are flying at the lights. “Instead, insects turn their dorsum toward the light, generating flight
perpendicular(垂直) to the source,” the team write. It is common to the two behaviours that the insects are keeping
their backs to the light, known as the dorsal light response (DLR). This DLR is a shortcut for insects to work out
which way is up and keep their bodies upright, as the moon or sun is usually more or less directly above them, and
this direction allows them to maintain proper flight attitude and control. They also find that the insects fly at right
angles to a light source, leading to orbiting and unstable flights as the light’s location relative to them changes as
they move.
Samuel’s team suggest that a possible outcome of the research could help the construction industry to avoid
the types of light that most attract insects.
28．What does the research focus on?
A．Why insects gather around lights.
B．Where artificial lights lead insects to.
C．What biological response insects are born with.
D．How to design environment friendly artificial lights.
29．What can we learn about insects from the videos of their movements?
A．They fly directly to lights. B．They circle close to lights.
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002C．Their flying speed is steady. D．Their inversions can be controlled.
30．DLR makes insects ____________.
A．balance their flying B．keep their route straight
C．decide their body positon D．shorten their flight distance
【答案】28．A 29．B 30．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项对昆虫趋光的研究，旨在帮助建筑行业避免那些最容易吸引昆虫
的光线。
28．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Flying insects don’t fly directly to lights from far away because they’re
attracted to them, but appear to change course toward a light if they happen to be passing by due to a strange inborn
biological response (飞行的昆虫不会因为被灯光吸引而直接飞向远处的灯光，但如果它们碰巧经过，由于一
种奇怪的先天生物反应，它们似乎会朝着灯光改变方向)”以及第二段“But this idea doesn’t explain why
insects that only fly during the day also gather around lights. (但这个想法并不能解释为什么只在白天飞行的昆
虫也会聚集在灯光周围)”可推知，研究的重点是为什么昆虫聚集在灯光周围。故选A项。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段中“ Just after insects pass under a light, they start doing a ring road.(昆虫刚从灯光
下经过，它们就开始走环形路)”以及“when insects approach a light from the side, they may circle or “orbit” the
light (当昆虫从侧面接近光线时，它们可能会绕着光线转或“绕”)”可推知，昆虫经常在灯光附近盘旋。故选B
项。
30．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“This DLR is a shortcut for insects to work out which way is up and keep
their bodies upright, as the moon or sun is usually more or less directly above them, and this direction allows them
to maintain proper flight attitude and control. (这种DLR是昆虫找出向上方向并保持身体直立的捷径，因为月
亮或太阳通常或多或少在它们的正上方，这个方向使它们能够保持适当的飞行姿态和控制。)”可知，DLR
使昆虫决定它们的身体姿势。故选C项。
D
（2023 上·北京朝阳·高三统考期中）In the 1770s, an English doctor called Edward Jenner gave his
gardener’s son cowpox (牛痘) and then deliberately infected him with smallpox (天花) to test his assumption that
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002people who were frequently exposed to cowpox, a similar but less severe virus, would avoid catching smallpox. It
worked and cowpox as the vaccine (疫苗) was highly effective. “Vaccination”, from the Latin word for cow, soon
became commonplace.
Challenge trials are forms of research where, rather than relying on data from natural infections, we
intentionally expose someone to a disease in order to test the effectiveness of a vaccine or treatment. Things have
changed a lot since Jenner’s time, of course, when it was not uncommon for doctors to conduct this kind of
research. Even so, there’s the continuous sense that there’s something immoral about making someone ill on
purpose.
But this shouldn’t blind us to the extraordinary power of challenge trials. They could become increasingly
important weapons in the medical research, in a situation where vaccine technology is advancing and the threat of
diseases jumping from animals into human beings is increasing.
Much has been done to reduce the risks of challenge trials. Like respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), researchers
have involved adults who are at a low risk of severe illness. These acts have already cut down a massive range of
vaccine candidates. With their help, the world will soon have the first vaccines against RSV, which kills tens of
thousands of newborn babies each year. But not all diseases are like these ones. We don’t always know the dangers
volunteers might face; we don’t always have treatments ready. What then?
We could, of course, just avoid these questions entirely, and rely on other types of research.But that doesn’t
always work: sometimes, animal testing is tricky and uninformative, because the disease doesn‘t develop in the
same way as it would in humans. In contrast, challenge trials can be deeply informative within weeks, with far
fewer volunteers. And the benefits can be surprisingly high. Take the latest pandemic. At the end of last year, as the
number of deaths is estimated to have reached about 17.8 million, it’s also estimated that 20 million had been saved
by vaccines.In the years to come, they will hopefully save millions more.
In order to make sure we are as protected as possible from current and future threats, we should try to get rid
of the misbelief in challenge trials, making them a more familiar part of our tool kits. Perhaps the greatest reward of
all would be to make sure participants’ efforts are worthwhile: by designing trials to be fair and effective and
applying them when and where they might make a real difference. In short, by helping them to save thousands, if
not millions of lives.
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx00231．The author tells the story of Edward Jenner mainly to______.
A．give a definition of challenge trials
B．introduce the topic of challenge trials
C．highlight the effectiveness of his vaccine
D．explain the origin of the word “vaccination”
32．What can we infer from the passage?
A．The issues behind challenge trials can be solved.
B．The dangers of challenge trials outweigh the benefits they bring.
C．Challenge trials can benefit numerous lives in spite of their risks.
D．Challenge trials can set back the development of vaccine technologies.
33．What does the author intend to tell us?
A．People should still be careful about challenge trials.
B．A more open attitude should be taken towards challenge trials.
C．Challenge trials guarantee participants protection against threats.
D．More volunteers involved can improve the accuracy of challenge trials.
34．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．Should we use challenge trials to find cures?
B．Can challenge trials be a block to medical progress?
C．Can challenge trials be the end of infectious diseases?
D．Should we replace animal testing with challenge trials?
【答案】31．B 32．C 33．B 34．A
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002【导语】本文是一篇说明文。它提供了关于医学研究中挑战试验的信息，并阐述了挑战试验的优势和重要
性。通过简明扼要地介绍，以及使用有据可查的数据和案例，解释挑战试验在医学研究中的用途和潜在效
益。
31．推理判断题。根据第一段“In the 1770s, an English doctor called Edward Jenner gave his gardener’s son
cowpox (牛痘) and then deliberately infected him with smallpox (天花) to test his assumption that people who
were frequently exposed to cowpox, a similar but less severe virus, would avoid catching smallpox.(18世纪70年
代，一位名叫爱德华·詹纳(Edward Jenner)的英国医生让他的园丁的儿子染上牛痘，然后故意让他感染天花，
以检验他的假设，即经常接触牛痘(一种类似但不那么严重的病毒)的人会避免感染天花)”以及第二段
“Challenge trials are forms of research where, rather than relying on data from natural infections, we intentionally
expose someone to a disease in order to test the effectiveness of a vaccine or treatment.(挑战试验是一种研究形式，
我们不是依靠自然感染的数据，而是故意让某人接触某种疾病，以测试疫苗或治疗的有效性)”可知，作者讲
述爱德华·詹纳的故事是为了介绍挑战试验的话题。故选B项。
32．推理判断题。根据第二段“Even so, there’s the continuous sense that there’s something immoral about
making someone ill on purpose.(即便如此，人们仍然认为故意让别人生病是不道德的)”以及第三段“But this
shouldn’t blind us to the extraordinary power of challenge trials. They could become increasingly important
weapons in the medical research, in a situation where vaccine technology is advancing and the threat of diseases
jumping from animals into human beings is increasing.(但这不应该让我们忽视挑战试验的非凡力量。在疫苗技
术不断进步、疾病从动物传染给人类的威胁日益增加的情况下，它们可能成为医学研究中越来越重要的武
器)”可知，尽管有风险，但挑战试验可以使许多生命受益。故选C项。
33．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In order to make sure we are as protected as possible from current and future
threats, we should try to get rid of the misbelief in challenge trials, making them a more familiar part of our tool
kits. Perhaps the greatest reward of all would be to make sure participants’ efforts are worthwhile: by designing
trials to be fair and effective and applying them when and where they might make a real difference. In short, by
helping them to save thousands, if not millions of lives.(为了确保我们尽可能免受当前和未来的威胁，我们应该
努力消除对挑战试验的误解，使其成为我们工具箱中更为常见的一部分。也许最大的回报将是确保参与者
的努力是值得的：通过设计公平、有效的试验，并在可能产生真正差异的时间和地点应用这些试验。简而
言之，通过帮助他们拯救成千上万，甚至数百万人的生命)”可知，本文作者想告诉我们对挑战试验应采取更
开放的态度。故选B项。
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx00234．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Challenge trials are forms of research where, rather than relying on data from
natural infections, we intentionally expose someone to a disease in order to test the effectiveness of a vaccine or
treatment. Things have changed a lot since Jenner’s time, of course, when it was not uncommon for doctors to
conduct this kind of research. Even so, there’s the continuous sense that there’s something immoral about making
someone ill on purpose.(挑战试验是一种研究形式，我们不是依靠自然感染的数据，而是故意让某人接触某种
疾病，以测试疫苗或治疗的有效性。当然，与詹纳的时代相比，情况发生了很大变化，当时医生进行这类
研究并不罕见。即便如此，人们仍然认为故意让别人生病是不道德的)”以及纵观全文可知，本文讲述了尽管
有风险，但挑战试验可以使许多生命受益，并且目前已采取很多方法来降低这种风险，呼吁人们对挑战试
验应采取更开放的态度。所以A项“Should we use challenge trials to find cures?”是本文最好的标题。故选A
项。
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2分，共 10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂
黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens of
biodiversity. Reefs occupy 0.1% of the oceans. 35
Corals are useful to people. Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves, low-lying islands
such as the Maldives would have flooded long ago, and a billion people would lose food or income. However, reefs
are under threat from rising sea temperatures. Heat causes the algae (海藻) with which corals are living together to
generate toxins (毒素) that force those coral to leave. 36
Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help, such as
identifying naturally heat-resistant corals and cross-breeding such corals to create a new type. 37
Without carbon reduction and decline in local, coral-killing pollution, even resistant corals will not survive the
century.
Doubters doubt humanity will get its act together in time to make much difference.
38 Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share
responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together. Scientific workarounds can also be found. Natural currents can
be applied to facilitate mass breeding. Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002to maximize bang for buck.
39 It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems. Hard-core greens — those who think that all
habitats should be kept unspoiled — may not approve. But when entire ecosystems are facing destruction, the cost
of doing nothing is too great to bear.
A．This can cause a coral’s death.
B．But there are grounds for optimism.
C．And they host a quarter of marine species.
D．Coral’s global ecosystem services are worth up to $10trn a year.
E．This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important.
F．This research can also be brought to bear on trying to save entire ecosystems.
G．However, the assisted evolution of corals does not meet with universal enthusiasm.
【答案】35．C 36．A 37．G 38．B 39．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。珊瑚礁对海洋生态系统和人类至关重要，但是珊瑚礁正受到海水温度上升的威
胁，研究人员正在采用自然活动和人为干预相结合的措施进行保护。
35．根据前文“Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales and are equally important
havens of biodiversity.(珊瑚礁是海洋中的热带雨林。它们规模庞大，同样是生物多样性的重要避风港。)”可
知，此处是讲珊瑚礁是海洋生物多样性的重要避风港，所以选项C“它们是四分之一海洋物种的家园。”切合
文意。故选C。
36．根据前文“Heat causes the algae (海藻) with which corals are living together to generate toxins (毒素) that
force those coral to leave.(高温会导致与珊瑚共生的藻类产生毒素，迫使珊瑚离开。)”可知，此处是指这种情
况会导致珊瑚死亡。所以选项A“这会导致珊瑚死亡。”切合文意。故选A。
37．根据前文“Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help, such
as identifying naturally heat-resistant corals and cross-breeding such corals to create a new type. (世界各地的研究
小组正在制定行动计划，看看这是否会有所帮助，比如识别天然耐热珊瑚，并对这种珊瑚进行杂交，以创
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002造一种新的珊瑚。)”和后文“Without carbon reduction and decline in local, coral-killing pollution, even resistant
corals will not survive the century.(如果不减少碳排放，不减少对当地珊瑚造成伤害的污染，即使是有抵抗力
的珊瑚也无法在本世纪存活。)”可知，此处是指珊瑚的辅助进化并没有受到普遍的支持，所以选项G“然而，
珊瑚的辅助进化并没有受到普遍的支持。”切合文意。故选G。
38．根据后文“Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share
responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together.(碳排放目标正在制定，海洋污染正在处理。对珊瑚礁负有
共同责任的国家开始共同行动。)”可知，此处是指情况也有好的趋势，所以选项B“但我们有理由感到乐观。”
切合文意。故选B。
39．根据前文“Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share
responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together. Scientific workarounds can also be found. Natural currents can
be applied to facilitate mass breeding. Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified
to maximize bang for buck.(碳排放目标正在制定，海洋污染正在处理。对珊瑚礁负有共同责任的国家开始共
同行动。科学的变通方法也可以找到。自然水流可用于促进大规模繁殖。可以确定最具生态和经济重要性
的地点，以最大限度地降低成本。)”和后文“It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems.(它可以作为其他
生态系统的蓝图。)”可知，此处是指这种自然活动和人为干预的结合很有好处，所以选项E“这种自然活动
和人为干预的结合很重要。”切合文意。故选E。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共 4 小题;第 40、41题各 2分，第 42题 3分，第 43题 5分，共 12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
You are watching your favorite TV show when a commercial break starts. First you see an ad for candy. Then
there is one for fast food. Your stomach growls. Suddenly, all you can think about is how much you need a snack.
If that sounds familiar, you are not alone. Researchers from McMaster University in Canada studied the
effects of junk food ad. The researchers examined the effects of advertising junk food on more than 6000kids
through TV commercials and other types of media. They found that kids made unhealthy food and drink choicesas
quickly as 30 minutes after seeing the ads.
“There is too much unhealthy food advertising out there,” Says Behnam Sadeghirad. He’s one of the
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002researchers who led the study. “This is dangerous for younger children.”
Food and drink ads are everywhere from TV to the Internet. Companies want to make sure you know about
their products. They spend nearly 1.8 billion a year on food ads aimed at kids according to a report.
The Nielsen Company tracked the number of food ads that kids saw in 2015. It found that kids watched nearly
12 food ads on TV each day. Most of these ads weren’t for health y foods. In fact, on average. kids saw only one ad
per week for fruits and vegetables. Instead, most of the ads were for fast food, candy and sugary drinks.
Jennifer Harris, a professor at the University of Connecticut, says this is a big part of the problem. “Unhealthy
foods are not things we should be encouraging kids to eat more often”. Harris says. “But unfortunately those are the
products being advertised to them the most”.
Health experts say it’s OK to treat yourself to a cookie once in a while. But what can you do to keep from
having an unhealthy snack every time you see an ad for junk food? Harris says it’s important to learn to spot the
techniques companies use in their ads, tell their kids what is going on and help kids think about whether these
products are good for them.
40．What did researchers from MaMaster University find?
41．What do the findings of the Nielsen Company suggest?
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
To avoid negative impacts of advertisements for unhealthy food, parents should keep their kids from
watching these kinds of advertisements.
43．Please briefly describe what you can do to reduce the negative impact of advertising on your life.
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002【答案】40．They found that kids made unhealthy food and drink choices as quickly as 30 minutes after seeing the
advertisements.
41．It’s hard to avoid seeing junk food ads on TV.
42．To avoid negative impacts of advertisements for unhealthy food, parents should keep their kids from watching
this kinds of advertisements.Because according to the passage, to avoid negative impacts for unhealthy food,
parents should learn to spot the techniques companies use their ads, tell their kids what is going on and help kids
think about whether these products are good for them.
43．Thinking twice with a critical mind allow me to be less affected by the advertisements. When seeing an
advertisement, I always think about whether I really need this product. Before purchasing something, I will got to
know a product well rather than blindly buy it. Also I will ask my parents for some practical advice.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章讨论了儿童接触垃圾食品广告带来的影响。研究发现，儿童在观看
广告后30分钟内会快速做出不健康的食品和饮料选择。专家建议，人们要学会识别广告中的技巧，并教育
儿童思考这些产品是否对他们有益。
40．考查细节理解题。根据第二段中“They found that kids made unhealthy food and drink choicesas quickly as
30 minutes after seeing the ads.(他们发现，孩子们在看到广告后30分钟内就做出了不健康的食品和饮料选择。)”
可知，研究发现，儿童在观看广告后30分钟内会快速做出不健康的食品和饮料选择。故答案为They found
that kids made unhealthy food and drink choices as quickly as 30 minutes after seeing the advertisements。
41．考查细节理解。根据第五段中“The Nielsen Company tracked the number of food ads that kids saw in 2015.
It found that kids watched nearly 12 food ads on TV each day. Most of these ads weren’t for health y foods. (尼尔
森公司追踪了2015年孩子们看到的食品广告数量。研究发现，孩子们每天在电视上看近12个食品广告。
这些广告中的大多数都不是健康食品。)”可知，通过尼尔森公司的调查发现孩子们每天在电视上看近12个
食品广告。这些广告中的大多数都不是健康食品，由此推断，很难避免在电视上看到垃圾食品广告。故答
案为The finding suggests it’s hard to avoid seeing junk food ads on TV.
42．考查细节理解。题干中“To avoid negative impacts of advertisements for unhealthy food, parents should
keep their kids from watching these kinds of advertisements.(为了避免不健康食品广告的负面影响，父母应该阻
止他们的孩子看这类广告。)”可知，本句表述的是为了避免不健康食物广告带来的影响，父母应该阻止孩子
们看这类广告。根据最后一段中“Harris says it’s important to learn to spot the techniques companies use in their
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002ads, tell their kids what is going on and help kids think about whether these products are good for them.( 哈里斯说，
重要的是要学会发现公司在广告中使用的技术，告诉他们的孩子正在发生什么，并帮助孩子思考这些产品
是否对他们有益。)”可知，题干中的“Keep their kids from watching this kinds of advertisements.(不要让他们的
孩子看这种广告。)”与原文信息不符，文章表述的是为了避免不健康食物广告带来负面影响，家长们要学会
发现公司在广告中使用的技术，告诉他们的孩子正在发生什么，并帮助孩子思考这些产品是否对他们有益。
故答案为：To avoid negative impacts of advertisements for unhealthy food, parents should keep their kids from
watching these kinds of advertisements. Because according to the passage, to avoid negative impacts for unhealthy
food, parents should learn to spot the techniques companies use their ads, tell their kids what is going on and help
kids think about whether these products are good for them.
43．考查开放性试题。根据题干“Please briefly describe what you can do to reduce the negative impact of
advertising on your life. (请简要描述你能做些什么来减少广告对你生活的负面影响)”可知，这是一道开放性
试题，结合个人实际以及生活实际，言之有理即可。对待问题这样的问题要三思而后行，形成批判性思维
而少受广告的影响。首先，当看到一个广告时，要考虑自己是否真的需要该产品；其次，在购买之前应该
先了解一件产品，而不是盲目购买；最后，也可以询问父母一些实用的建议。故答案为：Thinking twice
with a critical mind allow me to be less affected by the advertisements. When seeing an advertisement, I always
think about whether I really need this product. Before purchasing something, I will got to know a product well
rather than blindly buy it. Also I will ask my parents for some practical advice.
第二节(20分)
假设你是红星中学高三(1)班班长李华。你班即将在12月3日国际残疾人日(International Day of Persons
with Disabilities)开展关爱残疾人活动。请你给交换生Jim写一封电子邮件邀请他参加，内容包括：
1. 活动目的及安排；
2. 邀请参加。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I am Li Hua, the monitor of Class 1, Senior 3 of Hongxing High School. I am writing to invite you to
participate in our upcoming event on International Day of Persons with Disabilities.
Our class is organizing this event to raise awareness about the challenges faced by persons with disabilities
and to show our support and care for them. The event will take place on December 3, 2023, starting at 9:00 a.m.
and lasting until 5:00 p.m. We will begin with a short introduction to the history and purpose of the International
Day of Persons with Disabilities.
We believe that your participation would be beneficial to our event.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是红星中学高三(1)班班长李华。你班即将在12月3日国际残疾
人日(International Day of Persons with Disabilities)开展关爱残疾人活动。请你给交换生Jim写一封电子邮件邀
请他参加。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：participate in→take part in
活动：event→activity
提高：raise→promote
目的：purpose→aim
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx0022.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The event will take place on December 3, 2023, starting at 9:00 a.m. and lasting until 5:00 p.m.
拓展句：The event will take place on December 3, 2023, which starts at 9:00 a.m. and lasts until 5:00 p.m.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Our class is organizing this event to raise awareness about the challenges faced by persons
with disabilities and to show our support and care for them. (运用了不定式to raise作目的状语以及过去分词
faced作后置定语)
[高分句型2] We believe that your participation would be beneficial to our event. (运用了链接代词that引导的宾
语从句)
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002
