文档内容
专题 14 UNIT1 TEENAGE LIFE（语法“名词短语、形容词
短语、副词短语”、建议信写作）
目录
语法聚焦：名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语
语法速记：语法知识点梳理，查漏补缺
写作强化：建议信
学以致用：提升专练，全面突破
语法聚焦：名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语
短语或词组是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词, 在句子里可以单独构成一种句子成分。
一、名词短语（NP）（Noun Phrase）
指以一个名词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于名词。名词短语通常是由名词及其修饰语构成。
（一）名词短语的组成
1.前置定语 作前置定语的主要有： The online shop sells children’s and men’s shoes at a very low
+名词 限定词、名词所有格、数 price.
词、形容词、名词、单个的 网店以低廉的价格销售儿童和男士的鞋子。
分词或 动名词 等 。 Our school has fifty-six women teachers.
限定词包括： 我们学校有56个女教师。
冠词 (a/an/the ) The sleeping child is his son.
指示代(this/that/these/those) 正在睡觉的孩子是他的儿子.
物主代(my/your/his/her/their) The fallen leaves are like a thick blanket on the ground.
不定代(some/no/neither/both) 落叶像一层厚厚的毯子盖在地上。
2.名词+ 作后置定语的主要有： If you don’t know the way to the science museum, here is a
后置定语 介词短语、分词、不定式 map of the city.
等。 如果你不知道去科技博物馆的路，这是城市地图。
There are some boys playing basketball over there.
有一些男孩正在那边打篮球。
The problem discussed yesterday has been solved.
昨天讨论的问题被解决了。
（二）名词短语的功能
名词短语在句中当作名词用，一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司1.作主语 The houses built last year are for the teachers.去年建成的那些房子是为老师们建的。
2.作宾语 Jack’s mother can’t go to the parents’ meeting because she is too busy. 杰克的妈妈不能参加家
长会，因为她太忙了。
3.作表语 He was the best man to do the job. 他是做这个工作最好的人选。
This is the method of cooking the tasty cookie.这是做这种美味甜饼的方法。
4.作宾补 We made Tom our group leader. 我们选汤姆当我们的组长。
More and more foreigners consider Beijing Opera an important part of Chinese culture. 越来越多
的外国人认为京剧是中国文化的一个重要组成部分。
二．形容词短语（AdjP）（Adjective Phrase）
指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形容词。形容词短语通常是由形容词及其修饰语
构成。
（一） 形容词短语的组成
1.副词+形容词 The little boy is very /quite/ really clever. 这个小男孩很/真的聪明。
注意：enough 修饰形 I’m terribly sorry. 我非常抱歉。
容词，放在所修饰的形 Tom is much more friendly. 汤姆更友好。
容词之后。 This coat was much too expensive.这件大衣太贵了。
This movie wasn’t interesting enough. 这部电影不足够有趣。
You can’t be careful enough. 你怎么小心也不为过。
2. 形容词+介词短语 His face was white with anger . 他的脸气得发白。
The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里装满了水。
3. 形容词+不定式短语 He is sure to come. 他一定会来的。
He is eager to see his parents . 他急切地想见到父母。
（二）形容词短语的功能
形容词短语在句中当作形容词用，一般可用作定语（修饰名词或代词）、表语、宾语补足语或状语。
1. 作定语 My little sister is a very curious girl and she always asks me strange questions.
我的小妹妹是一个好奇心强的女孩，她总是问我奇怪的问题。
Tom is a student always ready to help others. 汤姆是个学生，总是乐于助人。
2. 作表语 Robot is so busy that he even has no time to stay with his children at weekends.
罗伯特如此忙,以至于周末他没有时间和孩子待在一起。
He can't do anything, he's completely good for nothing !他什么都干不了，一点也没用。
3. 作宾补 Helping others makes us very proud. 帮助别人使我们非常自豪。
I find the book easy to understand.我发现这本书很好懂。
4. 作状语 After the long journey, the three of them went back home, hungry and tired.
长途旅行后他们三人回家了，又累又饿。
Curious enough，Danny opened the box to see what was in it. 出于好奇，丹尼打开了那只盒
子，想看看里面是什么。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司三．副词短语（AdvP）（Adverbial Phrase）
指以一个副词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于副词。副词短语通常是由副词及其修饰语构成。
（一） 副词短语的组成
副词+副词 He runs very quickly.他跑的很快。
注意：very ,quite, extremely等程度副词 You are speaking too fast. Can you speak a little more slowly?你说
修饰副词时，放在所修饰的副词之前； 得太快了，你能说慢一点儿吗？
enough修饰副词时，放在所修饰的副 You speak clearly enough. I can follow you. 你讲得足够清楚，我
词之后。 能听懂。
（二） 副词短语的功能
1.修饰动词 He speaks English quite fluently. 他英语说得很流利。
2.修饰形容词 The instructions on the box are really very confusing.盒子上的使用说明令人费解。
3.修饰副词 The fire spread far too fast.大火蔓延得太快了。
4.修饰句子 Luckily enough, we won the first prize for the competition. 足够幸运的是，我们获得了比赛
的第一名。
总之，短语是英语中较大的词块,灵活地掌握词块,对丰富学生的词汇量,提高学生的阅读和写作水平会起到
事半功倍的作用。
一．画出并标记句子中名词短语，形容词短语和副词短语
1. The first week was a little confusing.
2. The building is so big that I'm completely lost.
3. The kids over there are putting something on a round paper plate.
4. Linda thinks and speaks quite quickly , and she can do well in the debate.
5. The new coach told me that I didn't play well enough.
6. My first French class was very confusing. The teacher spoke so fast!
1. The first week was a little confusing.
2. The building is so big that I'm completely lost.
3. The kids over there are putting something on a round paper plate.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司4. Linda thinks and speaks quite quickly , and she can do well in the debate.
5. The new coach told me that I didn't play well enough.
6. My first French class was very confusing. The teacher spoke so fast!
二．用括号里的短语回答问题。
1. How soon do you think you'll finish your homework? (pretty soon)
2. What do you think of your new teachers? (very nice and patient)
3. How many clubs have you joined this year? (two clubs)
4. How well does Rita play the violin? We need a new violinist in our music club. (quite well)
5.What did your adviser say about the advanced literature course?(too difficult but very interesting)
1.I'll finish my homework pretty soon. 2. My new teachers are very nice and patient.
3. I have joined two clubs. 4. She plays the violin quite well.
5. The advanced literature course is too difficult but very interesting.
三．Joyce写好了一个草稿，用名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语帮助她润色这篇文章，增添更多信息。
Cheerleader Try-outs
I've always wanted to be a cheerleader. Yesterday, I tried out for the team. It was hard. First, we had to dance.
The teacher showed us how to move, and then we tried. Second, we practiced singing a song about the school
basketball team. Finally, some girls had to lift their partners. The other girls jumped and cheered. I think I did well,
but the other girls were better, I'm not sure if I'll make the team or not.
I've always wanted to be a high school cheerleader. Yesterday, I tried out for my school's cheerleading team.
It was really hard. First,...
I' ve always wanted to be a high school cheerleader. Yesterday, I tried out for my school's cheerleading
team. It was really hard. First, we had to dance to the strong beat of music. The dance teacher showed us how to
move very energetically, and we tried very hard. Second, we practice singing an inspiring song about the school
basketball team. Finally, some girls had to lift their partners. The other girls jumped and cheered very happily. I
think I did quite well, but the other girls were even better. I'm not quite sure if I'll make the cheerleanding team
or not.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司四．了解多个形容词作定语
多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是：(限定词+程度副词+) 描绘性形容词+表示大小(长短、高
低)、形状、年龄(新旧)的形容词+表颜色的形容词+表国籍或产地的形容词+表物质材料的形容词+表类别或
用途的形容词+名词。如：a beautiful big round new black Russian wooden table
(1) John Smith, a successful businessman, has a _____car.
A. large German white B. large white German
C. white large German D. German large white
(2) ______ students are required to take part in the boat race.
A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young
C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese
1、B 解析： 按“大小+颜色+产地”的顺序排列。
2、A 解析：数词是限定词，应排在形容词前，排除C和D；又strong是描绘，young是年龄，Chinese是
国籍，其先后应为“描绘＋年龄＋国籍”。
五．画出下例句中的形容词短语并指明构成形式
(1).Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.
____________________________________________________________________________________
(2).The road is long enough. __________________________________________
(3).The medicine is good for stomach.
____________________________________________________________________________________
Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. 构成形式：副词+and+副词+名词
The road is long enough. 构成形式：副词+enough
The medicine is good for stomach.构成形式：形容词+介词短语
六．将下列短语按照类型进行归类：
a really big challenge a little confusing very carefully
the school advisor a very difficult language quite difficult
much more carefully far too fast all the subjects
a senior high school student my advanced course strong enough
名词短语：_____________________________________________________________________________
形容词短语：___________________________________________________________________________
副词短语：_____________________________________________________________________________
名词短语：a really big challenge; the school advisor; a very difficult language; all the subjects; a senior high
school student; my advanced course
形容词短语：a little confusing; quite difficult; strong enough
副词短语： very carefully; far too fast; much more carefully
应用文写作——建议信
学科网（北京）股份有限公司假如你是李华，最近收到了你的美国朋友Jenny的来信。她在信中说：由于刚进入高中还不能适应新
环境，她不知道如何去结交新朋友，因而情绪低落。请你回信，内容如下：
1．向Jenny表示问候和安慰；
2．针对她的问题提出以下建议：
(1)放学后邀请同学一起参加活动；
(2)遇到困难时，互相帮助。
注意：可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步：审题谋篇
第二步：要点翻译
1．你进入高中后情绪低落。
You feel bad after entering high school．
2．你的同学也面临着同样的问题。
Your classmates are facing the same problem．
3．你不必太担心。
You don’t have to worry too much about it.
4．尽力邀请你的同学一起参加一些活动。 通过相互交流有助于相互理解。
Try to invite your classmates to take part in some activities together.It will help you understand each other
better by communicating with them．
5．帮助有困难的同学。
Help students who are in trouble．
第三步：词句升级
1．用因果关系结构连接要点2、3
Your classmates are facing the same problem, so you don’t have to worry too much about it.
2．用定语从句合并升级要点4
Try to invite your classmates to take part in some activities together,_ which will help you understand
each other better by communicating with them.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司第四步：连句成篇
Dear Jenny，
I am sorry to hear you feel bad after entering high school.As far as I know, your classmates are facing the
same problem, so you don’t have to worry too much about it.Here are some suggestions to help you.
First, try to invite your classmates to take part in some activities together, which will help you understand each
other better by communicating with them.Besides, help students who are in trouble.
I do hope you will find my suggestions useful.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
一
假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Susan在交友方面有些困难。请根据下面提示给她写一封信。
1．要交朋友首先要做一个朋友；
2．要和朋友同甘共苦；患难之中的朋友才是真朋友；
3．友谊需要时间和投入。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Susan，
Yours，
Li Hua
[精彩范文]
Dear Susan，
I am sorry to know that you are having trouble in making friends. However, the situation is easy to change if
you take my advice. Here are some tips to help you.
To begin with, why not be a friend first if you want to make friends? In addition，wouldn't it be a good idea if
you share happiness and sorrow with your friend? Just as a saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” Last
but not least, it would be a good idea if you put your heart into making friends. It is wellknown to us all that
学科网（北京）股份有限公司friendship calls for time and effort.
I hope you will find these ideas useful.
Yours，
Li Hua
二
假如你是李华，最近收到了你的美国朋友John的来信。他在来信中说，他刚进高中，不能适应新的环
境，不知道如何去结交新朋友，因而情绪低落。请根据以下内容给他写一封回信，回信应包括以下内容：
1．向John表示问候和安慰。
2．针对他的问题提出以下建议：
(1)放学后邀请同学一起参加活动；
(2)同学遇到麻烦时，要去帮助他们；
(3)自己遇到困难时要向他们求助。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[精彩范文]
Dear John，
I am really sorry to hear that you feel bad after entering high school. I'd like to talk about it with you.
In fact, in your high school, your classmates are also new students and facing the same problem, so you don't
have to worry too much about it. There is also something that you can do to change this situation. First, try to invite
some of your classmates to take part in some activities together after school. This will help you understand each
other better. Then, help your classmates when they are in trouble and turn to them for help when you have
difficulty.
I believe you will make many new friends and have a happy school life there.
Yours，
Li Hua
学科网（北京）股份有限公司课外拓展阅读
一
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is home to diverse regional cuisines and a growing foreign－food scene, __1__ nothing tops the hotpot
ritual (用餐习惯) of placing fresh ingredients into a boiling broth (肉汤), according to a new survey.
The survey, __2__ (publish) by consulting firm OC&C this week, found that hotpot is Chinese favorite meal.
A total of 2,600 people the firm surveyed in 21 Chinese __3__ (city) in February also placed domestic hotpot chain
Haidilao __4__ the top of the list of the country's 10 favorite restaurants.
Hotpot was __5__ (original) eaten to avoid the winter cold, but has become a favorite year－round food in
China. Famous hotpot chains often have long lines of people waiting hours to get __6__ table, even on hot summer
days.
Much of hotpot's popularity comes from the participatory (众人参与的) nature of the cooking process and
time available for socializing. Friends and family sit around a pot of boiling broth, dropping meat, vegetables and
other ingredients in __7__ (cook) and absorb the flavors. While the food cooks, diners chat and socialize.
Hotpot's success also __8__ (lie) in the customer service at leading chains. Restaurant chains such as Haidilao
provide attentive service for customers, including __9__ (entertain), such as a dance performance in __10__ waiters
throw dough (面团) to make noodles.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
1．but 考查连词。上文说中国有许多不同菜系，外国美食热也开始兴起，下文说它们都敌不过火锅，根据
上下文语境可知，此处表示转折关系，故填but。
2．published 考查非谓语动词。survey和publish之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词作后置定语。
3．cities 考查名词。由空前的数字21可知，此处应填所给名词的复数。
4．at 考查介词。at the top of为固定表达，意为“在……顶部”，at the top of the list意为“在榜首”。
5．originally 考查词性转换。这里是副词作状语，语意为“吃火锅原本是为了在冬天御寒”。
6．a 考查冠词。此处表示“人们排几个小时的队是为了得到一张桌子，也就是吃上一口火锅”，为泛
指，用不定冠词。
7．to cook 考查非谓语动词。句意：亲朋好友围坐在一锅沸腾的汤前，将肉、蔬菜和其他食材下进锅里
去，以烹制并吸收味道。这里用动词不定式作目的状语。
8．lies 考查动词的时态及主谓一致。由上下文语境可知，此处应用一般现在时。主语Hotpot's success为单
学科网（北京）股份有限公司数形式，故填lies。
9．entertainment 考查词性转换。介词including后接名词作宾语。
10．which 考查定语从句的引导词。此处是“in＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为performance，故
用which。
二
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tony was born __1__ a small farm near Yuma Arizona on March 31, 1931. Tony was ten years old __2__ he
began working in the fields. He was forced to leave school after __3__ (graduate) from the eighth grade in order to
support his family who had very little money and often not enough food __4__ (eat). But Tony and his family never
thought of __5__ (them) as being poor. His mother would often tell him and his brother Richard to find homeless
and hungry men so she could cook them a meal.
A few years __6__ (late), Tony met a man named Fred Ross. And his life __7__ (total) changed. Fred Ross
believed that if people worked together, they could make their community __8__ (good). Tony now worked __9__
(bring) people together and find ways to solve their problems. Tony, Fred Ross and the Community Service
Organisation helped people in the community learn how to vote. __10__， they taught people that community
leaders should respect voters. Tony worked in many communities to help people get respect from others.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。讲的是贫苦家庭的孩子托尼因家庭贫困而早早辍学，但是他没有对生活失
去信心，而是在妈妈的教导下热心帮助别人，并与另外一个爱心人士联合社区一起帮助社区里的人们。
1．on 考查介词。句意：托尼在1931年3月31日出生在亚利桑那州尤马附近的一个小农场上。“在一个
小农场上”应用on a small farm表示。故填on。
2．when 考查状语从句。句意：当托尼开始在田地里工作的时候，他才十岁。when引导时间状语从句，
表示“当……的时候”。
3．graduating 考查非谓语动词。句意：他八年级毕业以后就被迫辍学，为的是养活贫穷且经常没有足够
食物吃的家庭。after在此处是介词，后跟动名词作宾语。故填graduating。
4．to eat 考查固定用法。“have enough＋n.＋ to do sth.”是固定结构，表示“有足够的……做某事”，不
定式短语作定语。故填to eat。
5．themselves 考查代词。句意：但是托尼和他的家人从来没有认为自己是贫穷的。设空处与主语指代相
同的人，所以用反身代词作宾语，且主语是复数，故填themselves。
6．later 考查副词。表示“几年以后”应用a few years later，later是副词，意为“以后”。
7．totally 考查词性转换。修饰谓语动词changed应用副词作状语。故填totally。
8．better 考查比较级。句意：弗雷德·罗斯认为如果人们合作，他们能够让社区更好。此处表示与现状进
行比较，应用比较级。故填better。
9．to bring 考查非谓语动词。句意：托尼现在致力于把人们聚集到一起，找到解决他们的问题的办法。
设空处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to bring。
10．Besides 考查副词。设空处前的“托尼和弗雷德·罗斯以及社区服务组织帮助这个社区的人们学习怎么
投票”和设空处后的“他们教给人们社区领导应当尊重选民”是递进关系，应填 Besides，意为“除……之
学科网（北京）股份有限公司外(还)”。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
