文档内容
选择性必修三 Unit 3
选拔卷
（考试时间：75分钟 试卷满分：100分）
第一部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分50分)
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Scientists in Mexico say they may have found a way to cut the production of methane (甲烷), a gas
linked to rising temperatures on the Earth’s surface. The scientists say their method may help reduce the
methane released by cows, one of the main producers of the gas.
When talking about global warming, many people think of carbon dioxide, another heat-trapping gas.
Methane is an even more powerful heat-trapping gas. Cows are known to produce high levels of methane
when they eat and process food.
Researchers at the Autonomous University of the State of Mexico are studying how a cow's diet
affects the production of methane. The researchers are using a specially designed machine to measure the
effect. The scientists use the machine to try to capture the animal's breathing to examine the methane
released.
Most of the gas is released when cows belch. The digestive bacteria in a cow's stomach causes the
animal to send out the gas through its mouth. There are an estimated 1.3 to 1.5 billion cows in the world.
Each animal releases as much as 120 kilograms of methane per year. The U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency reports that, whenever measured in pounds, the effect of methane on climate change is more than
25 times greater than carbon dioxide over a 100-year period.
As it is difficult to capture the gas released by cows for use as energy, one way to lessen its release is
to change their diet. Scientists in some countries are looking for ways to decrease cow methane. But while
they are trying different plants and chemical compounds, those products would be too costly and difficult to
bring to Mexico.
1. How harmful is the gas sent off by cows?
A. It is more difficult to control its amount.
B. It takes up most of human-caused methane.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂C. It is the key factor to prevent globe warming.
D. It is more harmful than carbon dioxide.
2. What can scientists in some countries do to settle the problem caused by cows?
A. Limit the number of cows. B. Change what they eat.
C. Fix machines on their mouths. D. Use their gases as energy.
3. What may be the best title for the text?
A. We Had a Better Method of Raising Cows
B. Cows Are Much More Harmful than Cars
C. Researchers Found a Way to Reduce Methane from cows
D. Two Gases Are Causing the Warming of the Planet
B
Average age is rising around the world—a demographic (人口统计) change that may pose a
significant challenge to efforts to slow down climate change.
Hossein Estiri at Harvard University and Emilio Zagheni of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic
Research, Germany, have found that energy use increases as we get older, and not just because we tend to
get wealthier. An ageing population could mean a greater proportion of society with higher energy use, their
study suggests.
They combined two decades, worth of data from thousands of US households and used this to build a
model to reveal how energy use varied across 17 age groups between 1987 and 2009. They found that, on
average, children’s energy consumption climbs as they grow up, before dipping slightly when they leave
home. Consumption then rises again when people hit their 30s, before briefly dropping after 55, and then
beginning to climb again. The study involved factors such as income, local climate and the age, type and
size of a person’s home. The increase in energy use at various points in our lifespan (寿命) seems to be the
result of life style and how our needs change as we age.
Why does demand grow so much in our 30s?“We need more of everything. More space, a bigger TV
two fridges,” says Estiri. The study found that, in warmer parts of the US, energy use increases in people
over the age of 65—probably as a result of increased use of air conditioning, This suggests that there is a
feedback effect between climate change and an ageing population that will only make matters worse.
Heat waves have become more common in the US in recent years and are expected to become more
frequent due to global warming. More older people using more electrical energy to keep cool as
temperatures rise could add to emissions, and thus drive more warming until our energy supply becomes
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂entirely fossil fuel-free.
“This confluence of population, ageing and climate change on energy demand is really important to
start thin king about,” says Estiri. Benjamin Sovacool at the University of Sussex, UK, says the work shows
the importance of demographics when it comes to cutting carbon emissions. Most modelling of climate
change mitigation (减缓气候变化的模型) assumes people’s energy consumption either stays the same or
only changes by a small amount over time.
“This study directly challenges that entire body of research by forcing it to fight with the temporality
and complexity of the consumption of energy,” says Sovacool.
Catherine Mitchell at the University of Exeter, UK, says the research could have an important
influence on policy makers. “What the paper says is that there is a lot of work about how buildings use
energy, but probably not enough about how the people in them use energy,” she says.
4. By saying “not just because we tend to get wealthier” in Paragraph 2, the writer probably means that
.
A. poor people can’t bring down the high demand for energy
B. a comfortable life is not the main cause of in creased energy use
C. there are some other reasons leading to the increase in energy consumption
D. people being wealthy or not has nothing to do with the rise of energy consumption
5. The underlined word “confluence” in Paragraph 6 has the similar meaning to .
A. change B. meeting C. decrease D. possibility
6. What is the shortcoming of most modeling of climate change mitigation?
A. It is expensive and difficult to promote.
B. It overestimates the household energy consumption.
C. It did not take climate change adaptation into account.
D. It regards energy consumption as stable or as only slightly changing.
7. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. More emphasis should be put on people’s energy use.
B. The government can't do much without the support of the study.
C. It is the buildings, not the people in side, that consume the majority of the energy.
D. Policymakers have been working on how to cut down people’s energy use.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂C
Burning coal for energy adds planet-warning carbon dioxide (CO ) to Earth’s atmosphere. As the
2
planet heats up, experts warn that simply cutting greenhouse gas emissions (排放) will not be enough to
avoid global warming. CO must also be removed from the atmosphere.
2
Existing experimental machines that pull CO directly from the air are too expensive to be widely
2
used. But a new effective technology to remove CO already exists. It is not expensive and easy. It is
2
forests. Planting trees and watching forests are effective ways to clean the air.
Forests used to cover large areas of the Appalachian Mountains in the eastern United States. In the
state of West Virginia, coal mining let the land there bare, without trees. Over the years, coal mining and
cutting forests took over 90 percent of the red spruce (云杉) forests.
Chris Barton works for the University of Kentucky. He started a group called Green Forests Work,
aiming to put trees back on the roughly 400,000 hectares of land.
However, Barton explains the land has problems. “If you planted trees on these places, they just didn’t
grow. The ground was too hard. Water didn’t infiltrate (渗透). The trees can’t root. Oxygen can’t circulate
in those environments.” Using heavy equipment, workers tear the ground. In this way, the trees put down
roots.
Barton says not everyone believes the solution is a good idea. “We’ve had a lot of doubtful look at us
twice from people. But after we do it, there’s no question that it was the right thing to do.” And it has
worked. Forests are coming back to the grounds.
Scientists say that, in West Virginia alone, restoring red spruce forests to the area could send what is
equal to 56 million barrels (桶) of oil into the ground. But it will take time — a long time. Around the
world, experts say, nature offers powerful tools to fight climate change. But patience is needed. Nature
works, but slowly, in its own time.
8. What is the economical and effective way to remove CO from the air?
2
A. Inventing new and powerful machines.
B. Cutting greenhouse gas emissions.
C. Making use of natural gases instead of coal
D. Planting trees and protecting forests.
9. What does the underlined word“tear” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Destroy. B. Repair. C. Cry. D. Cover.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂10. What can we know from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 5?
A. Oxygen is not enough for trees to grow there.
B. Too many rocks had made it hard to plant trees.
C. Coal mining has spoiled the land through years.
D. There is no water for trees to grow there.
11. The last paragraph tells us that restoring the forest environment there is ________.
A. a painful process B. a slow process
C. a creative process D. a learning process
D
The world’s coral reefs are in bad shape. Climate change has led to coral whitening. Overfishing has
disturbed the ecosystems that keep reefs healthy. Poisonous runoffs from human industry are destroying the
“rainforests of the sea.” A new study has highlighted another threat to coral reefs：plastics.
Researchers analyzed corals from reefs in Southeast Asia and Australia. Almost everywhere they
looked, they saw bits of plastic, including chip wrappers, Q-tips, garbage bags.
The team estimates that at least 11 billion plastic items are trapped in coral reefs in the Asia-Pacific
and that number is increasing alarmingly. This could spell disaster for the world’s reefs. The likelihood of
the corals developing a disease jumps from 4 to 89 percent when corals come into contact with plastics.
Further investigations are needed to determine precisely how and why plastics make coral open to
different diseases. But it seems that plastic debris（碎片）slices open the skin of the corals, exposing them
to bacteria.
“Plastic debris can cause damage to coral tissues by accelerating invasion of bacteria or by exhausting
resources for immune system function during wound-healing processes,” the authors of the study write.
Drew Harvell, co-author of the study, says that plastics also “shade the light coral needs and cut off water
flow.”
It is vital to preserve the health of coral reefs for a number of reasons. Many marine creatures make
their homes within the reefs. Reefs also protect coastlines from waves and tropical storms, support fishing
industries and generate billions of dollars for the worldwide tourism industry every year.
Throughout the research, scientists noticed that the plastics problem was not evenly distributed. Reefs
near Indonesia had the highest amount of plastic rubbish, while reefs near Australia had the lowest. This
could be because Australia has the best waste removal system. It suggests that there is a relatively easy fix
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂to the issue.
“We can clean up the problem,” Harvell told Fears. “It’s so much easier than climate change.”
12. What does the underlined part in the first paragraph refer to?
A. coral reefs B. ecosystems
C. runoffs from human industry D. plastics
13. How could plastics make coral reefs open to diseases?
A. By cutting off the food supply.
B. By bringing bacteria to the sea.
C. By speeding up the immune system function.
D. By hurting the facial tissue and exposing them to diseases.
14. Why are Indonesia and Australia mentioned in the 7th paragraph?
A. To advertise for the waste removal system.
B. To show optimism about solving the plastics problem.
C. To praise the efforts made by the Australian government.
D. To emphasize the importance of dealing with plastics problem.
15. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Threats to Coral Reefs. B. Plastics Endangers Coral Reefs.
C. Coral Reefs and Climate Change. D. Protecting Coral Reefs for Our Future.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为
多余选项。
One of the problems damaging our planet is the number of things we throw away. A more recent
addition to the list of things we throw away is e-waste — electronic items that are broken and not
recycled. ____16____, but also because we lack the skills to repair them even if we know their value.
Many millions of tons of televisions, phones, and other electronic equipment are abandoned each year. A
UN report claims the 50 million tons of e-waste generated every year will more than double to 110 million
tons by 2050, making it the fastest growing waste stream in the world. ____17____.
Recently, there’s a growing trend for repair events and clubs which could be part of a solution to the
growing amount of electrical and electronic junk. The BBC visited a Restart Project in London, which is
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂one of many found around the world. One of its operators, Francesco Calo, said that “This project makes
total sense. ____18____. Besides, it helps people who cannot afford to get rid of items that have developed
a fault.”
____19____. An experiment at the University of New South Wales involves extracting (提取) these
materials from electronic gadgets (小工具). Apart from just being recycled, the European Union, for
example, is trying to encourage manufacturers to reuse some extracted electronic components.
____20____. With phones typically containing as many as 60 elements, this could be part of the solution to
our appetite for new technology.
A. First of all, this project prolongs the life of electric objects
B. It is partly because it’s cheaper to replace them than fix them
C. It is reported that many people have made a big fortune from it
D. Now solutions have been put forward to give this e-waste a new life
E. So it’s thought that doing this could be more profitable than traditional recycling
F. As many electrical items contain valuable metals, another solution is e-waste mining
G. One of the reasons is that people don’t think their electronic items are fashionable enough
第二部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选
项。
Peru demanded compensation (赔偿金) Wednesday from Spanish energy giant Repsol over an oil spill
(石油泄漏). It might be caused by sudden and big ____17____ from a volcanic eruption near Tonga in the
South Pacific because volcanic eruption can cause waves.
Authorities ____18____ three beaches on Monday ____19____ 6,000 barrels (桶) of oil were
spilled during the ____20____ of an oil-transporting ship at the Pampilla oil-processing factory off the
coast near Lima. The Repsol oil spill “is the worst ____21____ disaster in Lima in recent times, and has
caused serious ____22____ to hundreds of ____23____ families. “Repsol must make an immediate
____24____ for their loss,” the authority said on Twitter. “This terrible situation has put plants and animals
____25____ in two protected areas,” it noted. Peruvian authorities found lots of dead sea animals
_____26_____ in oil. The spill happened on Saturday at the oil-processing factory in the Lima region,
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂_____27_____ a 3-kilometer stretch of beaches.
Officials of the factory _____28_____ described the spill as “limited” and said it was working with
authorities to _____29_____ the beaches. “Controlling barriers that cover all of the affected
_____30_____ have been set up. And a team of _____31_____ in sea and land have been sent,” said the
factory, which _____32_____ the spill on the waves caused by the volcanic eruption more than 10,000
kilometers away but not a bit on the mishandling of the workers who moved the oil barrels off the
_____33_____.
The oil-processing factory could face a _____34_____ of up to $32.3 million, the _____35_____
ministry of Peru said on Monday. And the prosecutors (公诉人) have opened an _____36_____ into the
company for environmental pollution.
17. A. fishes B. waves C. fires D. stones
18. A. closed B. discovered C. destroyed D. named
19. A. before B. unless C. until D. after
20. A. uploading B. repairing C. offloading D. supplying
21. A. agricultural B. snowy C. ecological D. nuclear
22. A. waste B. damage C. crime D. storm
23. A. fishing B. poor C. teaching D. rich
24. A. escape B. advertisement C. encouragement D. payment
25. A. in advance B. in air C. at risk D. at work
26. A. measuring B. decorated C. swimming D. covered
27. A. recovering B. affecting C. creating D. leaving
28. A. traditionally B. proudly C. originally D. honestly
29. A. clean up B. take up C. build up D. cut up
30. A. animals B. people C. plants D. zones
31. A. specialists B. students C. journalists D. stars
32. A. impressed B. spent C. blamed D. put
33. A. truck B. ship C. line D. store
34. A. failure B. fine C. prize D. fund
35. A. environment B. education C. finance D. defense
36. A. organization B. entrance C. account D. investigation
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last week, climate strikers young and old came out in force to call upon the government to act with
greater urgency in tackling the global climate emergency.
They ____37____ very well feel a need to step up their demands upon hearing the awful findings of
the special report on the ocean and cryosphere (低温层) in a changing climate, released on Wednesday by
the International Panel on Climate Change. The report highlighted the intimate connections which exist
between our climate, our oceans and our very existence. It presented irrefutable scientific evidence that our
warming climate is placing marine and ____38____ (freeze) areas of our planet in grave danger, with
some changes happening at a much larger scale and faster rate than previously ____39____ (predict).
Urgent action is needed ____40____ we are to keep our planet-and our oceans-safe and habitable.
This requires ambitious targets ____41____ (reduce) our carbon emissions and to shift our energy system
away from polluting fossil fuels towards 100% renewable energies. Change is also needed in international
cooperation around ____42____ our oceans are protected.
It is hoped that UN member states ____43____ (sign) a strong global ocean treaty that could pave the
way for the creation of marine sanctuaries (禁猎区), ____44____ (place) at least 30% of oceans off limits
to human activities such as commercial fishing and oil and gas exploration. This is a crucial step towards
building the resilience of marine ecosystems and securing a sustainable future for those ____45____
livelihoods depend on our oceans.
The government has been a vocal champion for ocean conservation. Now is the time for Britain to turn
political will into decisive action by leading the way with the forging of a new global ocean treaty. The
prime minister’s direct involvement could make the difference ____46____ a watered-down agreement or
a powerful one.
第三部分 写作（满分20分）
47. 假定你是李华，是第一中学的一名学生，请你就学校附近一些印染厂偷排未经处理的废气所造
成的极大影响与危害，给常熟市长写一封信反映这一污染问题。内容包括：
1.写信目的；
2.排放未经处理废气的危害；
3.你的诉求。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已经给出，不包含在词数内。
参考词汇：printing and dyeing mill 印染厂
Dear Mayor,
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
_________
Yours,
Li Hua
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂
