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第 22 讲 定语从句
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航····························································································································2
02 知识导图·思维引航····························································································································3
03 考点突破·考法探究····························································································································3
基础详单
知识点1 定语从句概述···········································································································3
知识点2 定语从句解题策略···································································································4
考点一 关系代词
知识点1 that和which的用法辨析·························································································5
知识点2 who, whom, whose的用法辨析···········································································6
考点二 关系副词
知识点1 关系副词when的基本用法和易错点·····································································8
知识点2 关系副词where的基本用法和易错点 ·································································9
知识点3 关系副词why的基本用法和易错点 ···································································10
考点三 介词+关系代词
知识点1 介词+which/whom引导的定语从句常见用法 ·············································10
知识点2 介词+which/whom引导的定语从句特殊用法 ············································11
考点四 定语从句中的易错点
知识点1 关系代词as引导的定语从句 ··············································································12
知识点2 定语从句中的主谓一致考点 ·················································································14
04真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 ·································································································································142.命题演练··························································································································
14
年份 卷别 语法填空 短文改错 考情分析
新高考II卷 that/which
2024 全国甲卷 which
浙江卷1月 that/which 分析近年高考真题可知，近年来，高考
北京卷 who 对定语从句主要考查关系代词that与
全国甲卷 as; where what-which
which的区别、关系代词与关系副词的区
2023 别；非限制性定语从句的关系词；定语从
全国乙卷 that/which that-whose
句中的特殊情况的关系词。
新高考I卷 that 【复习目标】
2022 全国甲卷 who
1.系统复习并掌握关系代词的用法
全国乙卷 what-which
浙江卷1月 that/who
2.系统分析并掌握关系副词的用法
2021 新高考II卷 that/which 3.系统复习并掌握介词+关系代词的用法
全国I卷 where 4.辨析限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
全国II卷 what-which
2020
5.系统复习并掌握定语从句中的重难易错点
全国III卷 whose what-that【基础详单】
知识点1 定语从句概述
定语从句：在复合句中，修饰限定某一名词(或代词)的句子，叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词
称为先行词。定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，在句中作定语，故又称为形容词性从句。位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之
后。
类别：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
与先行词关系密切，删除后影响整个意思的表达，
不用逗号分开。只可修饰名词或代词，不可修饰句
与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明，删除后不
子。
影响整个意思的表达，一般用逗号分开。不可用关
Those who are for the plan raise your hands, please.
系代词that，关系代词不可省略，既可修饰名词或代
请支持这个计划的人举手。
词，也可修饰句子，用逗号分开。
【2024 年全国甲卷】The Saint Lukas is one of five
He was generous with his time, for which I was
government-sponsored medical trains that travel to
grateful.
remote towns in central and eastern Russia.
他十分慷慨地给予我时间，为此我非常感激。
圣卢卡斯列车是由政府资助的五列前往俄罗斯中部
和东部偏远城镇的医疗列车之一。
知识点2 定语从句解题策略
1．确定是定语从句
设空处无提示词，且空前的主句完整；空后的句子不完整，且对空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用，就
要考虑填定语从句关系词。
2. 区分限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。
① 先行词的后面出现逗号，是非限制性定语从句。
② that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
③ which引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或部分内容；代表整个主句时，which意为
“这一点”。
④ as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句中或句首，意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是 be seen, be
known, be reported, be mentioned, be said, be often the case等。
3.寻找先行词，判断属性（指人还是指物，表示时间，地点，还是原因）。
① 先行词指人：that/who/whom/whose；
② 先行词指物：that/which/whose；
③ 表示时间/地点/原因：when/where/why。
4. 判断定语从句所缺成分，根据定语从句中所缺句子成分及句意，确定关系词。
① 缺少主语：that/which/who；
② 缺少动词的宾语：that/which/who/whom；
③ 缺少定语：whose；
④ 缺少时间、地点或原因状语时分别用when、where、why。
易错提醒：1. 解题时，要仔细分析句子成分，注意三大从句的区别。定语从句前必须有先行词；状语从句修饰谓语动词或整个句子；而名词性从句则是单独充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语。2. 先行词是地点名词，
关系词不一定用where；先行词是时间名词，关系词不一定用when；先行词是原因名词，关系词不一定用
why；要仔细分析句子成分，原句含有主谓宾或者不缺少宾语才能用关系副词；原句缺少主语或 宾语才能
用关系代词。
考点一 关系代词
关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
知识点1 that和which的用法辨析
一、只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况
1. 先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one等时。
例1. I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault.
我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。
例2. I have read all the books (that) you gave me.
你给我的所有书我都已经读过了。
2. 先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
例1. This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
例1. The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
3. 先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all等修饰时。
例1. The only thing that matters is to find our way home.
唯一要紧的事情是找到我们回家的路。
例1. The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.
这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。
4. 先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。
例.They will never forget the things and persons that they've seen or heard of during their long journey.
他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。
二、只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况典型场合 典型示例
引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 Our football team won the final, which made us excited.
整个主句或主句一部分，标志为逗 我们的足球队赢得了决赛，这使我们非常兴奋。
号。
用于“介词+关系代词”结构，如in The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.
which, both of which 等，标志为介 过去我居住的房子已变成了一家鞋店。
词。
名师提醒：当先行词是way(意为“方式、方法”，且关系词在定语从句中作状语)时，引导定语从句的关
系词可以是that, in which或省略。
例. I don't like the way (that/in which) he looks at me.
我不喜欢他看我的方式。
典例1.（2024年新高考I卷）.The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house
the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk
Route________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of
gardening in England.
典例2.（福建省宁德第一中学2024年高三检测试题）The mortise and tenon technique, is the primary
construction method used in ancient Chinese architecture and represents the core of traditional Chinese
woodworking, is gaining increasing recognition among the public.
变式训练1.（2024年湖北省腾云联盟联考）However, here’s one of the most unusual railways break the
rules in order to reach the places other trains can’t roll: Chongqing Monorail (单轨), China.
变式训练2.（2024年四川省五市联考月考）As asymbolic food in Chongqing, it reflects that people there have
the sense of integrity and embrace the diversified culture. Almost everything is eatable can be cooked in
hotpot, so eating hotpot is a must when you come to Chongqing!
知识点2 who, whom, whose的用法辨析
一、who、whom的用法
1. who用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，先行词指人，可以与that替换。注意Anyone who…以及
Those who…句型。
2. whom用作关系代词，在定语从句中作宾语，先行词指人，可以与that替换。作宾语，可以省略。
3.whom可以用于“介词+关系代词”结构，who不能。
例1. I've made good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom I met in the English speech
contest last year.我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生结交为好朋友。
例2. In our class there are 38 students, of whom half wear glasses.我们班有38个学生，其中有一半戴
眼镜。
例3. Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.
那些想去长城的人可以在这里报名。
例4. The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Depp.
你刚才和他说话的那个人是德普先生。
例5. The old man has two sons, both of whom are lawyers.
这个老人有两个儿子，他们都是律师。
典例1.（2024年北京卷）Tinniswood, ______ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping
him stay healthy during his long life.
二、whose的用法
1. whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。
2. 在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时，“whose＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which
＋the＋名词”来代替。
例1. Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful?
你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？
例2. I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
→I'd like a room, the window of which looks out over the sea.
→I'd like a room, of which the window looks out over the sea.
我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。
例3. The newly-built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place
for us, especially after hard work.
这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
典例1.（2024年江苏省连云港市月考）A long time ago, there was a mountain named “Chengdu Zaitian” in the
vast wilderness. This mountain was home to the Kua Fu tribe, members were all tall and mighty like
giants.
典例2.（辽宁省重点高中2024年高三试题）Volunteer travel, also known as voluntourism, refers to taking a
trip_________purpose is to participate in an arranged service opportunity to give back to the local community and
make a difference.
变式训练 1.（河北省部分重点高中 2024 年高三综测试题）Up to now, Beijing Tianqiao Performing Arts
Center,_________ aim is to emphasize the inheritance, promotion, development and popularization of traditionalChinese culture and arts, has also held many exhibitions related to traditional drama, and established the Peking
Opera inheritance class to popularize the traditional art to children.
变式训练2.（河北省保定市重点高中2023-2024学年高三试题）The Prints-A Riot of Colors, an exhibition
featuring some 130 prints created by generations of Chinese artists, the oldest one of dates back to the
1930s, opened on Monday at the Guardian Art Center in Beijing.
考点二 关系副词
当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词when, where, why。
知识点1 关系副词when的基本用法和易错点
1. when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。
2. 先行词是具体时间名词，如day, month, year。
3. 还可以是抽象名词，如age, stay, occasion等。
4. 常用表时间的介词(如：in, on, at, during等)＋which代替关系副词when
易错提醒：1.当表示时间的先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时，关系词不用 when而用that或which。2. 先
行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段
时间，时代”讲，应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引导定语从句。
例1. This is the first time (that) I have talked with a foreigner face to face.
这是我第一次和一个外国人面对面交流。
例2. There was a time when I hated going to school.
曾经有一段时间我讨厌上学。
例3. I'll never forget the day when my son was born.
我永远忘不了我儿子出生的那一天。
例4. The season which/that they were talking about was autumn.（先行词reason在从句中作宾语）
他们正在谈论的季节是秋天。
例5. There are occasions when one must yield. （先行词occasions是典型时间名词）
任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
例6. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.
我们将把在公园里的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时候天气可能会更好。
典例（江苏省南通市 2023-2024 学年高三统考试题）The bronze was discovered in July last year, but
archaeologists successfully lifted it out of the pit a year later, they were sorting out all other bronzeobjects piled on the top of the statue.
知识点2 关系副词where的基本用法和易错点
1. where 用于修饰地点名词如 place, park, factory, house 等。在从句中作地点状语，相当于介词
+which。
Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.
现在人们更加关心他们居住的环境。
2. 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point， situation， case， stage， family等时，如果引导
词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。
Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
学生应该参与社区活动，在那里他们可以获得成长的经验。
Remember that there is still one point that/which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.
记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。
She's in a hopeless situation，where we will keep a very close eye on her.
她处于无望的处境中，在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。
3. 先行词occasion当“时刻”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。
Please describe an occasion where you met real difficulties.
请描述你遇到真正困境的场景。
Occasions are rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
我有时间和孩子们度过一天的时机很少。
典例 1.（河北省 2023-2024学年高三全过程纵向评价试题）At first, Minguez performed house calls, but
demand increased to the point he decided to open a practice in his living room. But this, too, soon proved
insufficient to care for all the people coming in and so he went on to set up a clinic.
典例2.（湖南省常德市临澧一中 2023-2024学年高三试题）Pan, a silversmith (银匠) in Maliao village in
Guizhou Province, used to dream of people living an abundant life in his village, nobody has to work
far away from home and customers go for beautiful silver jewellery.
知识点3 关系副词why的基本用法和易错点
1. why在从句中作原因状语，相当于for which, 但若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，定语从句要用
that或which引导。
2. why还可以用于The reason why…is that…句型。
例1. Can you tell me the reason why (=for which) you are late again?
你能告诉我你再次迟到的原因吗？
例2. The boss doesn’t want to hear any reason (that/which) you might give.
老板不想听你所提出的任何理由。
例3. I don’t know the reason why he came so late.
我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。例4. The reason that he gave for being late is that he failed to catch the first bus. （关系词在从句中作宾
语）
他给出迟到的原因是他没能赶上第一班公共汽车。
考点三 介词+关系代词
知识点1 介词+which/whom引导的定语从句常见用法
1.在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如果先行词是物，引导词用which；如果先行词是人，
则引导词用whom。如果介词和句中动词组成固定词组时，这个介词一般不前置。
例1. My youngest brother，whom I have to look after，is demanding.
我得照看我最小的弟弟，他真是让人费神。
例2. This is the train on which I went to Shanghai.
这就是我去上海所乘坐的那列火车。
例3. This is the student for whom I bought the dictionary.
这就是我为他买词典的那个学生。
2. 关系代词前介词的确定原则
1. 看先行词特殊搭配，如to a degree；
2. 看从句谓语动词或其它短语搭配，如learn from，speak to等；
3. 看整个语境逻辑。特殊结构如in which case, with whose help等。
1. 看先行词搭配。
I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(during the time)
Air, without which man can't live, is really important.
空气真的很重要，没有它人类就不能生存。(without air)
2. 看从句短语搭配
The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first.
我与之说话的那个人起初没有回答。(speak to)
The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.
西湖是一个美丽的地方，杭州因此而闻名。(be famous for)
3. 看语境逻辑
He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tree.他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵大树。
知识点2 介词+which/whom引导的定语从句特殊用法
一、 “名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构
此类结构常见的有“some/many/most/all/none＋of＋which/whom”等。
Here are the questions, some of which I think are difficult for you.
问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说很难。
He has three sons, none of whom are doctors.
他有三个儿子，没有一个是当医生的。
二、 “介词＋which/whom＋不定式”
The poor man has no house in which to live.
→The poor man has no house to live in.
→The poor man has no house in which he can live.
那个穷人没房子住。
典例1.（2024年江苏省南师大灌云附中、灌南二中阶段性联考） There are many different types of quyi-
performance in China, such as comic dialogues, degu, pingshu and shuanghuang, among the crosstalk is
most popular,
典例2.（江苏省前黄高级中学2024年高三学情检测）The center was launched in June on Zhenxing Road to
help relieve the pressure on many of those running its 435 street stalls, many of are migrant workers from
around the country without local relatives to help take care of their children.
变式训练.He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _______ were translated into foreign languages.
考点四 定语从句中的易错点
知识点1 关系代词as引导的定语从句
一、as引导限制性定语从句的用法
1. 用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；
2. 用于such…as…, so…as…, the same…as…, the same…that句型。
3. 注意the same…as…强调“和……是同一类”；the same…that…强调“和……是同一个”。
名师提醒：注意定语从句关系词作主语或宾语，而so…that…, such…that…引导结果状语从句，that只起
连接作用不作句子成分。例1. They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.(as作主语)
他们只能读类似这样的一些用简易英语改写的故事。
例2. These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语)
这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。
例3. This is the same knife as I lost.(不是同一把小刀)
这把小刀和我丢的那把很相似。
例4. He is the same boy that helped me yesterday.
他是昨天帮过我的那个男孩。（指同一个男孩）
二、such ... as ... 与such ... that ... 的区别
1. such ... as ... 中的as引导的是定语从句，而such ... that ... 中的that引导的是结果状语从句。
2. 当as引导定语从句时，as在从句中一般作主语或宾语，而that引导结果状语从句时，that在从句中不作
任何成分。
例1. This is such a difficult problem as most of us can't work out.。(从句中的work out缺少宾语，关系代
词as作work out的宾语。)
这是一个我们大多数人都不能解决的难题
例2. She is such a kind girl that many students like her.
她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。
(状语从句是完整的句子，前面的that只起引导从句的作用，在从句中不作成分。)
三、as引导非限制性定语从句的用法
1. as引导非限制性定语从句，位于主句的前、中、后，强调前后逻辑一致；which从句只能位于主句之
后，
2. as表示“正如……就像”。从句多含有see, know, expect, tell, report等动词；
3. 当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定意义时，只能用which。
1. 位置对比:
例1. As is often the case, he is late again.
他又迟到了，这是常见的情况。
例2. Einstein, as is well known, is a famous scientist.
众所周知，爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。
例3. The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved in the past two months.
正如报告中所表明的，城市空气质量在过去的两个月里已经得到改善。
例4. He failed in the exam, which was unexpected.
他考试没及格，这是意料之外的。
2. 意义对比：as常译作“正如，像”，多用于下列习惯用语中：
as anybody can see “正如人人都能看到的那样”；as is well known＝as is known to all “众所周知”；
as we had expected “正如我们所预料的那样”；
as often happens “正如经常发生的那样”；
as is often the case “正如经常发生的那样”；
as has been said before “如上所述”；
as is mentioned above “正如上面提到的”；
which常译作“这一点，这件事”，此时指前面主句所提到的那件事。
He opposed the idea, as could be expected.
不出所料，他反对这个意见。
Tom has made great progress, which makes his parents very happy.
汤姆进步很大，这使他父母很高兴。
3. 否定句对比
例. He criticizes Mary in public, which she doesn’t like at all.
他公开批评Mary，对此她一点儿都不愿意。
知识点2 定语从句中的主谓一致情况
1. 先行词作主语，that/which/who从句谓语动词和主语保持一致。
2. 先行词是one of…结构，定语从句谓语用复数；
3. 先行词是the only /very one of…，定语从句谓语用单数。
例1. I, who am your friend, can understand you.
例2. There are many young people who are keen on folk music.
例3. Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.任何人不能完成指定的任务，都应受到批评。
例4. Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.凡是想去长城的人在这里签名。
例5. He is one of the students who have passed the exam.
例6. He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.
一、 真题实战
1.（2024全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park - 2.2 million acres - until Wrangell-
Saint Elias in southern Alaska, became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park
in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
2.（2023 全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, _________ all life seemed to enjoy
peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old
fables.3.（2023 全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________hair color
looked just perfect.
4.（2022天津3月卷） Kenny still remembers the class discussion ________the teacher asked students to share
what they wanted to be when they grew up.
A．why B．which C．that D．where
5.（2020全国I卷） Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to
put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
二、 命题演练
1.（江苏省常州市联盟校 2023-2024学年高三10月调研试题）Unlike contentious hearings with other tech
CEOs, lawmakers “appeared in a listening mood” with Altman, company developed the breakthrough
AI chatbot ChatGPT.
2.（湖南省邵东市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）Wherever you go in Xinjiang, whether the north or south
of the Tianshan Mountains, you’ll notice small stands some crispy and delicious nang is sold.
3.（2024届广东省四校高三第一次联考试题） It has become a cultural landmark of the Yellow River Basin___
visitors can view the river passing through the city and watch exhibitions showing its long history’ and diverse
cultures.
4.（湖南省常德市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）Library where it is stored. It is not only one example of
ancient works of art tell the wisdom of our ancestors, but also is a witness to the pursuit of beauty by
Chinese craftsmen throughout centuries.
5.（湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三试题）This mountain was home to the Kua Fu tribe,
___________members were all tall and mighty like giants.
6.（湖南省炎德名校2023-2024学年高三试题）There are many features the app offers, and my favorite is the
birdsong listening feature, you can turn on your phone’s microphone and hear recorded diverse
birdsongs.
