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绝密★启用前
2022 年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（二）
（科目代码：204）
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考生编号
考生姓名2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,
B, CorD on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Harlan Coben believes that if you're a writer, you911 find the time; and that if you
can't find the time, then writing isn't a priority and you're not a writer. For him, writing
is a ] job- a job like any other. He has 2 it with plumbing, pointing out that
a plumber doesn't wake up and say that he can't work with pipes today.
3 like most writers these days, you're holding down a job to pay the bills, ifs
not 4 to find the time to write. But it's not impossible. It requires determination and
single-mindedness. 5 that most bestselling authors began writing when they were
doing other things to earn a living. And today, even writers who are fairly 6 often
have to do other work to 7 their writing income.
As Harlan Coben has suggested, it9s a 8 of priorities. To make writing a
priority, you'll have to 9 some of your day-to-day activities and some things you
really enjoy. Depending on your 10 and your lifestyle, that might mean spending
less time watching television or listening to music, though some people can write H
they listen to music. You might have to 12 the amount of exercise or sport you do.
You'll have to make social media an 13 activity rather than a daily, time-consuming
14 . There'll probably have to be less socialising with your friends and less time
with your family. It9s a 15 learning curve and it won't always make you popular.
There's just one thing you should try to keep at least some time for, 16 your
writing——and that's reading. Any writer needs to read as much and as widely as they
can; it's the one 17 supporter- something you can't do without.
Time is finite. The older you get, the 18 it seems to go. We need to use it as
carefully and as 19 as we can, that means prioritising our activities so that we
spend most time on the things we really want to do. If you're a writer, that means一
20 writing.
2022年考研英语二试题第1页共14页1. [A] difficult [B] normal [C] steady [D] pleasant
2. [A] combined [B] compared [C] confused [D] confronted
3. [A] If [B] Though [C] Once [D] Unless
4. [A] enough [B] strange [C] wrong [D] easy
5. [A] Accept [B] Explain [C] Remember [D] Suppose
6. [A] well-known [B] well-advised [C] well-informed [D] well-chosen
7. [A] donate [B] generate [C] supplement [D] calculate
8. [A] cause [B] purpose [C] question [D] condition
9. [A] highlight [B] sacrifice [C] continue [D] explore
10. [A] relations [B] interests [C] memories [D] skills
11. [A] until [B] because [C] while [D] before
12. [A] put up with [B] make up for [C] hang on to [D] cut down on
13. [A] intelligent [B] occasional [C] intensive [D] emotional
14. [A] habit [B] test [C] decision [D] plan
15. [A] tough [B] gentle [C] rapid [D] funny
16. [A] in place of [B] in charge of [C] in response to [D] in addition to
17. [A] indispensable [B] innovative [C] invisible [D] instant
18. [A] duller [B] harder [C] quieter [D] quicker
19. [A] peacefully [B] generously [C] productively [D] gratefully
20. [A] at most [B] in turn [C] on average [D] above all
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C
or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
2022年考研英语二试题第2 页共14页Text 1
On a recent sunny day, 13,000 chickens roam over Larry Brown's 40 windswept
acres in Shiner, Texas. Some rest in the shade of a parked car. Others drink water with
the cows. This all seems random, but it's by design, part of what the $ 6.1 billion U.S.
egg industry bets will be its next big thing: climate-friendly eggs.
These eggs, which are making their debut now on shelves for as much as $ 8 a
dozen, are still labeled organic and animal-friendly, but they're also from birds that live
on farms using regenerative agriculture- special techniques to cultivate rich soils that can
trap green-house gases. Such eggs could be marketed as helping to fight climate change.
'Tm excited about our progress,5, says Brown, who is adding more cover crops
that draw worms and crickets for the chickens to eat. The birds' waste then fertilizes
fields. Such improvements “allow our hens to forage for higher-quality natural feed that
will be good for the land, the hens, and the eggs that we supply to our customers.^^
The egg industry's push is the first major test of whether animal products from
regenerative farms can become the next premium offering. In barely more than a decade,
organic eggs went from being dismissed as a niche product in natural foods stores to
being sold at Walmart. More recently there were similar doubts about probiotics and
plant-based meats, but both have exploded into major supermarket categories. If the
sustainable-egg rollout is successful, it could open the floodgates for regenerative beef,
broccoli, and beyond.
Regenerative products could be a hard sell, because the concept is tough to define
quickly, says Julie Stanton, associate professor of agricultoal economics at Pennsylvania
State University Brandywine. Such farming also brings minimal, if any, improvement to
the food products (though some producers say their eggs have more protein).
The industry is betting that the same consumers paying more for premium attributes
such as free-range, non-GMO, and pasture-raised eggs will embrace sustainability.
Surveys show that younger generations are more concerned about climate change, and
some of the success of plant-based meat can be chalked up to shoppers wanting to signal
their desire to protect the environment. Young adults “really care about the planet,“ says
John Brunnquell, president of Egg Innovations. " They are absolutely altering the food
chain beyond what I think even they understand what they're doing.^^
2022年考研英语二试题第3 页共14页21. The climate-friendly eggs are produced
[A] ata considerably low cost.
[B] at the demand of regular shoppers.
[C] as a replacement for organic eggs.
[D] on specially designed farms.
22. Larry Brown is excited about his progress in
[A] reducing the damage of worms.
[B] accelerating the disposal of waste.
[C] creating a sustainable system.
[D] attracting customers to his products.
23. The example of organic eggs is used in Paragraph 4 to suggest
[A] the doubts over natural feeds.
[B] the setbacks in the egg industry.
[C] the potential of regenerative products.
[D] the promotional success of supermarkets.
24. It can be learned from the last paragraph that young people
[A] are reluctant to change their diet.
[B] are likely to buy climate-friendly eggs.
[C] are curious about new food.
[D] are amazed at agriculture advances.
25. John Brunnquell would disagree with Julie Stanton over regenerative products9
[A] market prospects.
[B] standard definition.
[C] nutritional value.
[D] moral implication.
2022年考研英语二试题第4 页共14页Text 2
More Americans are opting to work well into retirement, a growing trend that
threatens to upend the old workforce model.
One in three Americans who are at least 40 have, or plan to have a job in retirement
to prepare for a longer life, according to a survey conducted by Harris Poll for TD
Ameritrade. Even more surprising is that more than half of “unretirees”- those who plan
to work in retirement or went back to work after retiring- said they would be employed
in their later years even if they had enough money to settle down, the survey showed.
Financial needs aren't the only culprit for the “unretirement“ trend. Other reasons,
according to the study, include personal fulfillment such as staying mentally fit,
preventing boredom or avoiding depression.
“The concept of retirement is evolving,said Christine Russell, senior manager of
retirement at TD Ameritrade. "It's not just about finances. The value of work is also
driving folks to continue working past retirement.
One reason for the change in retirement patterns: Americans are living longer.
Older Americans are also the fastest-growing segment of the U.S. workforce. The
percentage of retirement-age people in the labor force has doubled over the past three
decades. About 20% of people 65 and older were in the workforce in February 2019, up
from an all-time low of 10% in January 1985, according to money manager United
Income.
Because of longer life spans, Americans are also boosting their savings to preserve
their nest eggs, the TD Ameritrade study showed, which surveyed 2,000 adults between
40 to 79. Six in 10 "unretirees“ are increasing their savings in anticipation of a longer
life. Among the most popular ways they are doing this, the company said, is by reducing
their overall expenses, securing life insurance or maximizing their contributions to
retirement accounts.
Unfortunately, many people who are opting to work in retirement are preparing to do
so because they are worried about making ends meet in their later years, said Brent Weiss,
a co-founder at Baltimore-based financial-planning firm Facet Wealth. He suggested that
preretirees should speak with a financial adviser to set long-term financial goals.
“The most challenging moments in life are getting married, starting a family and
ultimately retiring,Weiss said. "It's not just a financial decision, but an emotional one.
Many people believe they can't retire.
2022年考研英语二试题第5 页共14页26. The survey conducted by Harris Poll indicates that
[A] over half of the retirees are physically fit for work.
[B] the old workforce is as active as the younger one.
[C] one in three Americans enjoy earlier retirement.
[D] more Americans are willing to work in retirement.
27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that Americans tend to think that
[A] retirement may cause problems for them.
[B] boredom can be relieved after retirement.
[C] the mental health of retirees is overlooked.
[D] "unretirement“ contributes to the economy.
28. Retirement patterns are changing partly due to
[A] labor shortage.
[B] population growth.
[C] longer life expectancy.
ED] rising living costs.
29. Many 4 unretireesare increasing their savings by
[A] investing more in stocks.
[B] taking up odd jobs.
[C] getting well-paid work.
[D] spending less.
30. With regard to retirement, Brent Weiss thinks that many people are
[A] unprepared.
[B] unafraid.
[C] disappointed.
[D] enthusiastic.
2022年考研英语二试题第6 页共14页Text 3
We have all encountered them, in both our personal and professional lives. Think
about the times you felt tricked or fhistrated by a membership or subscription that had a
seamless sign-up process but was later difficult to cancel. Something that should be
simple and transparent can be complicated, intentionally or unintentionally, in ways that
impair consumer choice. These are examples of dark patterns.
First coined in 2010 by user experience expert Harry Brignull, "'dark patterns” is a
catch-all term for practices that manipulate user interfaces to influence the decision
making ability of users. Brignull identifies 12 types of common dark patterns, ranging
from misdirection and hidden costs to "roach motel,“ where a user experience seems
easy and intuitive at the start, but turns difficult when the user tries to get out.
In a 2019 study of 53,000 product pages and 11,000 websites, researchers found
that about one in 10 employs these design practices. Though widely prevalent, the
concept of dark patterns is still not well understood. Business and nonprofit leaders
should be aware of dark patterns and try to avoid the gray areas they engender.
Where is the line between ethical, persuasive design and dark patterns? Businesses
should engage in conversations with IT, compliance, risk, and legal teams to review their
privacy policy, and include in the discussion the customer/user experience designers and
coders responsible for the company's user interface, as well as the marketers and
advertisers responsible for sign-ups, checkout baskets, pricing, and promotions. Any or
all these teams can play a role in creating or avoiding "digital deception.
Lawmakers and regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguity around dark
patterns, most recently at the state level. In March, the California Attorney General
announced the approval of additional regulations under the California Consumer Privacy
Act (CCPA) that "ensure that consumers will not be confused or misled when seeking to
exercise their data privacy rights." The regulations aim to ban dark patterns- this means
prohibiting companies from using confusing language or unnecessary steps such as
forcing them to click through multiple screens or listen to reasons why they shouldn't
opt out.”
As more states consider promulgating additional regulations, there is a need for
greater accountability from within the business community. Dark patterns also can be
addressed on a self-regulatory basis, but only if organizations hold themselves
accountable, not just to legal requirements but also to industry best practices and
standards.
2022年考研英语二试题第7 页共14页31. It can be learned from the first two paragraphs that dark patterns
[A] improve user experiences
[B] leak user information for profit
[C] undermine users9 decision-making
[D] remind users of hidden costs
32. The 2019 study on dark patterns is mentioned to show
[A] their major flaws
[B] their complex designs
[C] their severe damage
[D] their strong presence
33. To handle digital deception, businesses should
[A] listen to customer feedback
[B] talk with relevant teams
[C] turn to independent agencies
[D] rely on professional training
34. The additional regulations under the CCPA are intended to
[A] guide users through opt-out processes
[B] protect consumers from being tricked
[C] grant companies data privacy rights
[D] restrict access to problematic content
35. According to the last paragraph, a key to coping with dark patterns is
[A] new legal requirements
[B] businesses, self-discipline
[C] strict regulatory standards
[D] consumers9 safety awareness
2022年考研英语二试题第8 页共14页Text 4
Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure if their
lessons can actually change behavior; evidence either way is weak, relying on contrived
laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports. But a new study published in
Cognition found that, in at least one real-world situation, a single ethics lesson may have
had lasting effects.
The researchers investigated one class session's impact on eating meat. They chose
this particular behavior for three reasons, according to study co-author Eric Schwitzgebel,
a philosopher at the University of California, Riverside: students9 attitudes on the topic
are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable, and ethics literature largely
agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal
suffering. Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the
ethics of factory-farmed meat, optionally watched an 11-minute video on the topic and
joined a 5O-minute discussion. The other half focused on charitable giving instead. Then,
unknown to the students, the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases
for that semester- nearly 14,000 receipts for almost 500 students.
Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect; he had previously
found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on a range of behaviors,
including voting rates, blood donation and returning library books. But among student
subjects who discussed meat ethics, meal purchases containing meat decreased from 52
to 45 percent- and this effect held steady for the study's duration of several weeks.
Purchases from the other group remained at 52 percent.
“That's actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention,Schwitzgebel
says. Psychologist Nina Strohminger at the University of Pennsylvania, who was not
involved in the study, says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some
unknown confounding variable. And if real, she notes, it might be reversible by another
nudge: "Easy come, easy go.”
Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence-classmates or
teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism,
showing it as achievable or more common. Second, the video may have had an
emotional impact. Least rousing, he thinks, was rational argument, although his co
authors say reason might play a bigger role. Now the researchers are probing the
specific effects of teaching style, teaching assistants9 eating habits and students9 video
exposure. Meanwhile, Schwitzgebel- who had predicted no effect- will be eating his
words.
2022年考研英语二试题第9 页共14页36. Scientists generally believe that the effects of ethics classes are
[A] hard to determine.
[B] narrowly interpreted.
[C] difficult to ignore.
[D] poorly summarized.
37. Which of the following is a reason for the researchers to study meat eating?
[A] It is common among students.
[B] It is a behavior easy to measure.
[C] It is important to students5 health.
[D] It is a hot topic in ethics classes.
38. Eric Schwitzgebefs previous findings suggest that ethics professors
[A] are seldom critical of their students.
[B] are less sociable than other professors.
[C] are not sensitive to political issues.
[D] are not necessarily ethically better.
39. Nina Strohminger thinks that the effect of the intervention is
[A] permanent.
[B] predictable.
[C] uncertain.
[D] unrepeatable.
40. Eric Schwitzgebel suspects that the students9 change in behavior
[A] can bring psychological benefits.
[B] can be analyzed statistically.
[C] is a result of multiple factors.
[D] is a sign of self^development.
2022年考研英语二试题第10页共14页Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable
subheading from the list A -G for each numbered paragraph (41 - 45). There are two
extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER
SHEET. (10 points)
[A] Make it a Habit.
[B] Don't go It alone.
[C] Start low, go Slow.
[D ] Talk With Your doctor.
[E] Listen to Your Body.
[F] GO through the motions.
[G ] Round out your routine.
How to Get Active Again
Getting back into exercise after a break can be a challenge in the best of times, but
with gyms and in-person exercise classes off-limits to many people these days, it can be
tricky to know where to start. And ifs important to get the right dose of activity.
