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2025年军队文职人员招聘《英语语言文学》
预测试卷
即刻题库 www.jike.vip
1 、 单选题
I apologize if I( )you，but I assure you it was unintentional.
A ： offend
B ： had offended
C ： should have offended
D ： might have offended
正确答案： B
解析：
考查虚拟语气。本题为错综时间的虚拟条件句，即条件从句和主句表示的动作在时间上
不一致。主句应表示与过去事实相反的假设。故本题选B。句意：如果我当时冒犯了你，
我向你道歉，但是我向你保证我不是故意的。
2 、 单选题
Which item does not fall under the same category as the rest？( )
A ： University/college
B ： Move/run
C ： Furniture/table
D ： Mature/ripe
正确答案： C
解析：
考查词汇关系。词汇关系共有三大类，分别是：形式关系( form relation)、意义关
系(sense relation)和实体关系(object relation)。其中意义关系又包括：一词多义(
polysemy)、近义关系(synonymy)、反义关系( antonymy)和上下义关系(hyponymy)。本
题中，A、B、D三项属于同义关系，只有C项属于上下义关系。3 、 单选题
Big Ben is in
A ： London
B ： New York
C ： Washington
D ： Liverpool
正确答案： A
解析：
英国地理。询问Big Ben(大本钟)在哪个城市，答案是伦敦。
4 、 单选题
Semantics is the study of( ).
A ： words
B ： sentences
C ： context
D ： meaning
正确答案： D
解析：
语言学基本概念。语义学的研究对象是语言的意义。
5 、 单选题
“X buys something from Y” and“Y sells something to X” are in a relation of ( )
A ： hyponymy
B ： gradable antonymy
C ： complementary antonymy
D ： converse antonymy
正确答案： D
解析：
考查反义关系。反义关系又分为：分级反义词、互补反义词和关系反义词。分级反义词(
gradable antonymy)指意义相反只是程度上的不同，两个词代表的是两个极端，中间还
有不同程度的词，例如“年轻的”“年老的”中间还有“中年的”；互补反义
词(complementary antonymy)表示否定其中一个就代表着肯定另一个，是一对非此即彼
的词语，例如“活着的”和“死去的”；关系反义词(converse antonymy)指在意义上显
示出逆向关系的词语，例如“汤姆是约翰的儿子”和“约翰是汤姆的父亲”中“儿子”和“父亲”就是一对关系反义词。
6 、 单选题
The smallest meaningful unit of language is ( )
A ： phone
B ： morpheme
C ： phoneme
D ： allomorph
正确答案： B
解析：
考查语言学。题干为：语言中有意义的最小的单位是以下哪一项？词素是语言中有意义
的最小单位，B项morpheme(词素)符合条件。A项phone(音素)，C项phoneme(音位)
和D项allomorph(语素变体)均不符合，排除。
7 、 单选题
Waiting for Godot is written by ( )
A ： Samuel Beckett
B ： James Joyce
C ： Oscar Wide
D ： H.Lawrence
正确答案： A
解析：
考查英国文学作家及其代表作。Waiting for Godot《等待戈多》是Samuel Becket(塞缪
尔·贝克特)的代表作，他是“荒诞派戏剧”的先锋。B项James Joyce (詹姆斯·乔伊斯)是
英国小说家，“意识流派”的代表人物，主要作品有Uysses《尤利西斯》A Portrait of
the Artist as a Young Man《青年艺术家的自画像》Finnegan′s Wake 《芬尼根彻夜祭》
和Dubliners《都柏林人》。C项Oscar Wilde (奧斯卡王尔德)是爱尔兰诗人和戏剧家，推崇
“唯美主义”( aestheticism )，主要戏剧作品是The Importance of Being Earnest 《不
可儿戏》，最著名的小说是The Picture of Dorian Gray《道林·格雷的画像》。D
项D.H.Lawrencee (戴维·赫伯特·劳伦斯)是英国小说家，最著名的小说有The Rainbow
《虹》Sons and Lovers《儿子与情人》Lady Chatterley′s Lover《查特莱夫人的情人》
等。
8 、 单选题
Once environmental damage( )，it takes many years for the system to recover.
A ： has done
B ： is to doC ： does
D ： is done
正确答案： D
解析：
考查被动语态。当do作“造成”解时，为及物动词，因空格后没有宾语，所以应用被动
语态，因此D项正确。故本题选D。句意：环境系统一旦被破坏，需数年才能恢复。
9 、 单选题
The American president involved in Watergate Scandal was( )
A ： Richard Nixon
B ： George Bush
C ： Andrew Jackson
D ： Bill Clinton
正确答案： A
解析：
美国历史。考查卷入水门事件的美国总统。
10 、 单选题
The Cooperative Principle is proposed by ( ).
A ： Saussure
B ： Grice
C ： homsky
D ： Leech
正确答案： B
解析：
考查语用学知识。合作原则是由P.Grice格莱斯提出来的，他是美国哲学家，认为在人们
交际过程中，对话双方似乎在有意无意地遵循某一原则，以求有效地配合从而完成交际
任务。因此，格莱斯提出了会话中的“合作原则”。A项索绪尔是现代结构主义语言学
创始人( the founding father of modem structural linguistics)，提出语言和言语的区别，
词的横组合及纵聚合是其句法理论的重要部分等重要观点。C项乔姆斯基是生成语法创
始人( the founder of generative grammar)。D项利奇提出礼貌原则(The Politeness
Principle)。
11 、 单选题
Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to theConstitution， which are known as( )
A ： the Bill of Rights
B ： the Civil Rights
C ： Federalist Papers
D ： the Articles of Confederation
正确答案： A
解析：
美国历史。题目考查1789年加入美国宪法的十条修正案叫什么，它们其实就是通常所说
的the Bill ofRights(《人权法案》)。
12 、 单选题
Which of the following is NOT included in G.Leech′s seven types of meaning？( )
A ： Connotative meaning
B ： Denotative meaning
C ： onceptual meaning
D ： Affective meaning
正确答案： B
解析：
考查意义分类。G.Leech′s的意义分类共有七种：概念意义(conceptual meaning)、内涵
意义( connotative meaning)、社会意义(social meaning)、情感意义(affective meaning)、
反映意义(reflectedmeaning)、搭配意义(collocative meaning)和主题意义(thematic
meaning)，
13 、 单选题
Which one of the following studies the internal structure of words， and the rules by
which words are ( ) formed？
A ： Morphology
B ： Syntax
C ： Phonology
D ： Semantics
正确答案： A
解析：
考查语言学知识。题干为：以下哪一项研究单词的内部结构，以及单词形成的规则？A
项Morphology(形态学)研究词的内部结构和构词规则。B项Syntax(句法学)主要研究语言
的句子结构。C项Phonology(音系学)研究语音的产生、传播、接受过程，考查人类语言
中的声音。D项Semantics(语义学)不仅关心字词作为词汇的意义，还有语言中词之上和之下的意义。
14 、 单选题
( ) is the defining properties of units like number， gender， case.
A ： Parts of speech
B ： Word classes
C ： Grammatical categories
D ： Functions of words
正确答案： C
解析：
考查语义知识。Category(范畴)includes the grammatical categories，such as number，
gender，tense，mood，case etc.，
15 、 单选题
Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university( ).
A ： has been accepted
B ： have been accepted
C ： was accepted
D ： were accepted
正确答案： C
解析：
考查时态及主谓一致。neither是单数概念，故可排除B、D两项。定语从句中使用过去
完成时，主句应使用一般过去时，排除A项。故本题选C。句意：两名到这所大学应聘的
年轻人都没有被录取。
16 、 单选题
The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the( ).
A ： contribution a state has made to the nation
B ： population
C ： size
D ： none of the above
正确答案： B
解析：
考查美国政治。美国各州在众议院中拥有的席位比例以人口为基准，但至少会有一名议员。院内议员总数经法律明定为435名。众议员任期两年，无连任限制。众议院议长由
议员选举产生，传统上为多数党之领导人。因此A、C、D三项不符合题意。
17 、 单选题
The shutters stood( )，and through one of the newly-washed windows I caught the
light of a fire.
A ： wide
B ： straight
C ： upright
D ： widely
正确答案： A
解析：
考查副词辨析。百叶窗全开着，透过刚擦完的玻璃，我看到了一束火光。
18 、 单选题
The semantic triangle holds that the meaning of a word ( )
A ： is interpreted through the mediation of concept
B ： is related to the thing it refers to
C ： is the idea associated with that word“in the mind of the speaker”
D ： is the image it is represented in the mind
正确答案： A
解析：
考查语义三角关系。Ogden和Richard提出的语义三角理论认为，概念与思
想(thought/concept/image)和词语(symbol/word/form)有直接联系，与所指
物(referent/obj ect)有直接联系，其中词语和所指物的关系要求助于概念和思想。
19 、 单选题
Britain’s first permanent colony in Australia was founded in( ).
A ： 1770
B ： 1625
C ： 1783
D ： 1788
正确答案： A
解析：考查澳大利亚历史。In 1770，the British claimed the eastern part of Australia.(1770年，
英国宣称对澳大利亚东部拥有主权。)，因此英国对澳大利亚的第一个永久殖民地
于1770年建立。
20 、 单选题
Alexander Pope was an outstanding enlightener and the greatest English poet of
school in ( ) the first half of the 18th century.
A ： romantic
B ： pre-romantic
C ： Neoclassical
D ： realistic
正确答案： C
解析：
考查英国文学作家及其流派。亚历山大·蒲柏是新古典主义诗歌的重要代表。浪漫主义的
代表人物主要有Wordsworth，Byron和Shelley等；前浪漫主义的代表人物是William
Blake和Robert Bums；现实主义的代表人物主要有Daniel Defoe等。
21 、 单选题
Members of House of Commons hold their seat for( )years at most.
A ： Five
B ： Four
C ： Seven
D ： Three
正确答案： A
解析：
考查加拿大政治。众议院议员任期最长不超过5年。
22 、 单选题
( ) deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic
worldexperience.
A ： Reference
B ： Concept
C ： Semantics
D ： Sense
正确答案： A解析：
考查术语概念。Semantics(语义学)研究所有与意义相关的知识点，范围较宽
泛；reference和sense容易混淆，两者的区别在于：reference(指称)是语言表达(命名、
词语符号)与其所表示的客观事物或现象之间的关系；sense(意义或词义)指这个词与语言
词汇系统中其他词所构成的关系中所处的位置，是一种仅限于语言词汇系统中词与词之
间的语义关系，与客观世界中的事物不发生直接的联系。concept(概念)是语义三角中的
概念，词语和物体的联系要借助于概念和思想来建立。
23 、 单选题
Year-end bonus will be( )according to individual contribution.
A ： detached
B ： apportioned
C ： separated
D ： allocated
正确答案： B
解析：
考查动词辨析。年终奖金将根据个人贡献分配。
24 、 单选题
Which of the following is NOT a representative of Modernism？
A ： Mark Twain
B ： Earnest Hemingway
C ： Ezra Pound
D ： Robert Frost
正确答案： A
解析：
美国文学之作家流派。Mark Twain是Realism(现实主义)的代表人物。
25 、 单选题
Uncle Tom′s Cabin was written by ( )
A ： Nathaniel Hawthome
B ： Harriet Beecher Stowe
C ： Stephen Crane
D ： Eugene O’Neil
正确答案： B解析：
美国文学之作家作品。Uncle Tom‘s Cabin(《汤姆叔叔的小屋》)是一部以反抗奴隶制
为主题的小说，是女作家Harriet Beecher Stowe的成名作。林肯曾经高度评价过这部小
说。
26 、 单选题
Semantic triangle is made up of reference， symbol and ( )
A ： referent
B ： meaning
C ： thought
D ： words or phrases
正确答案： A
解析：
语言学基本知识。题目考查semantic triangle(语义三角)的构成，即reference(概念，也
可称为thought)，symbol(语言成分，如单词和短语，即form)和referent(概念的所指，
即感官世界中的真实物体)。
27 、 单选题
In an effort to( )culture shocks，I think it is necessary to know something about the
nature of culture.
A ： get off
B ： get by
C ： get through
D ： get over
正确答案： D
解析：
考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了克服文化冲击，我认为有必要了解一下文化的本质。get
off“下(车)；脱下”，get by“通过；勉强过活”，get through“完成；熬过；接通电
话”，getover“克服；( 从不快或疾病中)恢复过来”。根据语境可知，答案为D。
28 、 单选题
The population of working age increased by 1 million between 1981 and 1986，(
)today it is barely growing.
A ： whereas
B ： even if
C ： afterD ： now that
正确答案： A
解析：
考查连词辨析。本题前后两个句子是对比关系。whereas 表示“然而”，even if表
示“即使”，after表示“在……之后”，now that表示“既然”。根据题意，正确答案
为A。故本题选A。句意：从业人口在1981年到1986年间增加了一百万，然而现在却很
少增长。
29 、 单选题
Which of the following sounds does not belong to the allomorphs of the English
plural morpheme？( )
A ： [s]
B ： [iz]
C ： [ai]
D ： [is]
正确答案： C
解析：
考查语言学词素。题干为：下列哪个音不属于英语复数词素的同态？A项[s]、B项[iz]和D项
[is]均可以作为英语复数的词素，只有C项[ai]不符合条件。
30 、 单选题
( )，he does get annoyed with her sometimes.
A ： lthough much he likes her
B ： Much although he likes her
C ： As he likes her much
D ： Much as he likes her
正确答案： D
解析：
考查倒装句和让步状语从句。although，though引导的让步从句为了表示强调，通常用
倒装语序，其形式为“形容词/副词+as+主……”。故本题选D。句意：尽管他非常喜欢
她，但有时对她也很恼火。
31 、 单选题
When did the War of Independence of America break out？( )
A ： 1775B ： 1812
C ： 1861
D ： 1863
正确答案： A
解析：
考查美国历史。美国独立战争的爆发经历了几个事件：1773年，几十名波士顿居民化装
成印第安人，登上英国东印度公司的船，将茶叶倾入海中；1774年9月，第一届大陆会
议在费城召开，鼓励美国人抵制英货。1775 年4月19日清晨，殖民地人民在莱克星顿上
空打响了反对英国统治的第一枪，莱克星顿的枪声拉开了美国独立战争的序幕。
32 、 单选题
The first ten amendments，known as( )were added to the American Constitution in
1791.
A ： the Bill of Rights
B ： the Articles
C ： ivil Rights
D ： the Bill of Civil Rights
正确答案： A
解析：
考查美国历史。美国宪法是世界上最早的成文宪法，是美国最高的法律。它起草于1787
年，生效于1789年。《宪法》总共有27条修正案，最初的10条修正案被称为“权利法
案”( Bill of Rights)。因此B、C、D三项不符合题意。
33 、 单选题
China is an agricultural country，therefore agriculture is inevitably( )in national
economy.
A ： inevitable
B ： fundamental
C ： radical
D ： basic
正确答案： B
解析：
考查形容词辨析。中国是一个农业国家，因此农业必然是国民经济的基础。
34 、 单选题My son failed to come back last night.This morming the police came to our house
and( )my worst fears that he was injured in a car accident.
A ： advocated
B ： confirmed
C ： promised
D ： insured
正确答案： B
解析：
考查动词辨析。句意：我儿子昨晚没回来。今天早上警察来到我们家，证实了我最担心
的事情，他在车祸中受伤了。advocate “提倡”，confirm “证实，确认”，promise
“承诺”，insure “......上保险，投保”。前面说儿子昨晚没回来，“我”在担心他的
安危，这是一种猜测与不确定性，而警察的到来，则使这种不确定性得到了证实。
35 、 单选题
Australia has several different climatic regions，from warm to( )and tropical.
A ： temperate
B ： subtropical
C ： humid
D ： continental
正确答案： B
解析：
考查澳大利亚气候。澳大利亚的气候，因其地域广阔，所以呈多样化。题目中已给出温
带和热带，所以过渡的气候为亚热带，即B项subtropical(亚热带的)符合题意。A
项temperate (温和的)，C项humid (潮湿的)和D项continental (大陆的)均不符合题意。
36 、 单选题
The old man has developed a( )headache which cannot be cured in a short time.
A ： perpetual
B ： permanent
C ： chronic
D ： sustained
正确答案： C
解析：
考查形容词辨析。这位老人患了慢性头痛病，短期内无法治愈。37 、 单选题
We just have to bear the hot weather these days.( )，it will be over soon.
A ： Somehow
B ： Anyway
C ： Besides
D ： Therefore
正确答案： B
解析：
考查副词辨析。Somehow表示“不知怎么地；莫明其妙地；以某种方式”，Anyway表示
“无论如何；不管怎样；尽管如此”，Besides 表示“此外”，Therefore表示 “因此”。
根据题意，正确答案为B。故本题选B。句意：这些天我们不得不忍受炎热的天气。无论
如何，它很快就会结束。
38 、 单选题
With regard to its size， the U.S.A.is the( )country in the world.
A ： largest
B ： second largest
C ： third largest
D ： fourth largest
正确答案： D
解析：
美国地理。美国的面积在全世界排名第四。前三名分别是俄罗斯、加拿大和中国。
39 、 单选题
The Declaration of Independence was drafted by( ).
A ： James Madison
B ： Thomas Jefferson
C ： Alexander Hamilton
D ： George Washington
正确答案： B
解析：
美国历史。考查《独立宣言》的起草人，应该是Thomas Jefferson。40 、 单选题
The machinery had been wrecked so efficiently that police were sure it was a case of (
)
A ： vagabond
B ： sabotage
C ： paradox
D ： tachyon
正确答案： B
解析：
考查名词辨析。句意：这个机械装置完全被破坏了，警察认定这是一起蓄意破坏事
件。vagabond“流浪者，游手好闲者”，sabotage “阴谋破坏；怠工”，paradox
“悖论，自相矛盾的人或物”，tachyon“超光速粒子”。根据语境可知，B项符合题意。
41 、 单选题
He chose medicine but found，once again，some lack of meaning and so
interrupted his studies first to collect( )in the Amazon River and later to spend time
recuperating from illness by a trip to Europe.
A ： fragments
B ： commons
C ： laments
D ： specimens
正确答案： D
解析：
考查名词辨析。fragment 表示“碎片，片段”，common 作为名词，表示“公共用
地”，laments意为“挽歌，哀诗”，specimens 意为“(动植物的)标本，样本”。此处
所填名词是和后面的Amazon River相对应的，所以应该是specimens。故本题选D。句
意：他选择了医学，但又一次发现它毫无意义，于是他中断了学业，先去亚马逊河收集
资料，后来又去欧洲旅行，休养身体。
42 、 单选题
Emily Dickinson was regarded mainly as a( n) ( )
A ： novelist
B ： poet
C ： playwright
D ： essayist
正确答案： B解析：
美国文学之作家概况。Emily Dickinson是19世纪美国著名的女诗人，是现代主义的先驱
人物，和Walt Whitman齐名。代表作有I‘m Nobody.Who Are You？(《我是无名小卒，
你是谁？》)。
43 、 单选题
She ought to stop working.She has a headache because she( )too long.
A ： has been reading
B ： had read
C ： is reading
D ： read
正确答案： A
解析：
考查现在完成进行时。从第一句话She ought to stop working可知，她从过去读书到现
在都没停过，故本题用现在完成进行时。分析选项可知，符合题意的只有A项。故本题
选A。句意：她应该停下来休息一会，读书太久会头疼。
44 、 单选题
( )to speak when the audience interrupted him.
A ： Hardly had he begun
B ： No sooner had he begun
C ： Not until he began
D ： Scarcely did he begin
正确答案： A
解析：
考查倒装句。本题涉及固定搭配： hardly/scarcely ...when ...与no sooner ...than...。在
这两个结构中，主句的时态通常为过去完成时，从句的时态为一般过去时。故本题选A。
句意：他刚一开始讲话，听众就把他打断了。
45 、 单选题
Phatic communication refers to( ).
A ： language’s function of the expression of identity
B ： social interaction of language
C ： language′s function of expressing it self
D ： sociological use of language正确答案： B
解析：
语言学基本概念。Phatic Communion(交际性谈话)指的是语言的社会交际功能。例如，
我们径常说一些诸如God bless you！等礼节性的寒暄之语。
46 、 单选题
The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part
of another is ( ) called
A ： blending
B ： clipping
C ： acronym
D ： compounding
正确答案： A
解析：
考查语言学构词法。将两个单词的某个部分组合在一起，构成一个新词的构词法被称
为blending，如brunch就来自breakfast and lunch。
47 、 单选题
A writer who wants to convince his readers of a point of view must marshall his
arguments assert the virtues of his opinions，and( )the possible protests of the
opposition.
A ： diminish
B ： demonstrate
C ： declare
D ： demolish
正确答案： D
解析：
考查动词辨析。diminish 表示“减少，(使)减弱”，demonstrate表示“证明，证实”，
declare 表示“公布，宣布”，demolish表示“拆毁，拆除(建筑物)；推翻，驳倒(观点
或理论)；轻易击败”。此处所填动词是和后面的possible protests of the opposition相
对应的，所以应该是demolish。故本题选D。句意：一个作家如果想要说服他的读者信
服他的观点，他必须运用他的论点来维护他的观点，并驳倒反对派可能提出的异议。
48 、 单选题
Today is Children’s Day，you are allowed to eat( )in my restaurant.
A ： freeB ： freely
C ： hard
D ： hardly
正确答案： A
解析：
考查副词辨析。今天是儿童节，你可以在我的店里免费吃喝。
49 、 单选题
The indigenous people in Australia are( )，which have 2.2% of the total population in
2001.
A ： aborigines
B ： Maoris
C ： herokees
D ： people from India
正确答案： A
解析：
考查澳大利亚国家概况。澳大利亚的原住民是土著居民。A项Aborigines“土著居民，原
住民”，B项Maoris“毛利人”是新西兰少数民族，C项Cherokees“切罗基人”是北美
易洛魁人的一支，D项指印度人。所以B、C、D三项均不合题意。
50 、 单选题
The last half of the nineteenth century( )the steady improvement in the means of
travel.
A ： has witnessed
B ： was witnessed
C ： witnessed
D ： is witnessed
正确答案： C
解析：
考查过去时。句中所填动词后跟宾语，为主动语态。因此排除表示被动的B、D两项。A、
C两项的区别在于时态。根据主语The last half of the nineteenth century可知，C项正确。
故本题选C。句意：在十九世纪后期，旅游交通工具日益改进。
51 、 单选题
The Cooperative Principles were put forward by( ).A ： John Langshaw Austin
B ： J.Firbas
C ： Herbert Paul Grice
D ： H.L.Smith
正确答案： C
解析：
语言学家及其代表理论。本题属于语用学的范畴，问The Cooperative Principles(合作原
则)是谁提出的，答案是语用学理论The Theory of Conversational Implicature(会话含义
理论)的创始人Herbert PaulGrice。John Langshow Austin虽然也是语用学领域的代表人
物，但是他提出的是Speech Act Theory(言语行为理论)。
52 、 单选题
In Australia， the Constitution can be changed only by ( )
A ： referendum
B ： ritish Queen
C ： the Prime Minister
D ： the Supreme Court
正确答案： A
解析：
澳大利亚司法。题目问澳大利亚的宪法只能由谁更改，答案是referendum(全民投票)。
53 、 单选题
Which one of the following maxims is not included in the Cooperative Principle？( )
A ： Maxim of Quality
B ： Maxim of Manner
C ： Maxim of Cooperation
D ： Maxim of Quantity
正确答案： C
解析：
考查会话原则。会话合作原则中四项原则为：the maxim of quantity(数量准则)，the
maxim of quality(质量准则)，the maxim of relation(关系准则)and the maxim of
manner(方式原则)，C项maxim of cooperation不包括在内，
54 、 单选题The word“motel” is formed via word formation rule of ( )
A ： clipping
B ： blending
C ： acronym
D ： coinage
正确答案： B
解析：
考查形态学。题干为：单词motel是根据哪项构词规则形成的？motel是由motor+ hotel
分别取一部分内容构成的，故符合blending(将两个词语剪接为新词，词义为两个词语的
结合)。A项clipping(截短词)、C项acronym(首字母缩略词)和D项coinage(新构词)均不符
合条件，
55 、 单选题
Which of the following writers is a novelist of the 20th century？
A ： John Keats
B ： Charles Lamb
C ： Walter Scott
D ： James Joyce
正确答案： D
解析：
英国文学之作家概况。前三位作家都是19世纪英国浪漫主义的代表，只有James Joyce
是20世纪的小说家。James Joyce出生于爱尔兰，代表作有Ulysses(《尤里西斯》)，A
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man(《一个青年艺术家的肖像》)，Finnegan’s
Wake(《芬尼根守灵夜》)和短篇小说集Dubliners(《都柏林人》)。他是Stream of
Consciousness(意识流)的奠基人。
56 、 单选题
The main theme of Emily Dickinson′s poems isthe following except( )
A ： friendship
B ： love and marriage
C ： life and death
D ： war and peace
正确答案： D
解析：
美国文学。Emily Dickinson( 1830-1886)，美国女诗人，终生未嫁。主要诗歌包
括：Because，Could Not Stop for Death、I′mNobody.Who AreYoul等。诗歌主题为：爱情、自然、友谊、死亡与不朽。
57 、 单选题
A writer who wants to convince his readers of a point of view must marshall his
arguments assert the virtues of his opinions，and( )the possible protests of the
opposition.
A ： diminish
B ： demonstrate
C ： declare
D ： demolish
正确答案： D
解析：
考查动词辨析。diminish 表示“减少，(使)减弱”，demonstrate表示“证明，证实”，
declare 表示“公布，宣布”，demolish表示“拆毁，拆除(建筑物)；推翻，驳倒(观点
或理论)；轻易击败”。此处所填动词是和后面的possible protests of the opposition相
对应的，所以应该是demolish。故本题选D。句意：一个作家如果想要说服他的读者信
服他的观点，他必须运用他的论点来维护他的观点，并驳倒反对派可能提出的异议。
58 、 单选题
Theme and Rheme are terms in ( )of syntax.
A ： the Traditional Approach
B ： the Structural Approach
C ： the Functional Approach
D ： the Generative Approach
正确答案： C
解析：
语言学基本概念。本题考查系统功能语法中的两个重要概念Theme(主位)和Rheme(述位)。
59 、 单选题
( ) is regarded as the“father of American literature”
A ： James Fenimore Cooper
B ： Ralph Waldo Emerson
C ： Thomas Jefferson
D ： Washington Irving
正确答案： D解析：
考查美国文学常识。华盛顿·欧文被称为“美国文学之父”，故D项正确。A项库柏是美
国浪漫时期的著名作家，以Leatherstocking Tales《皮袜子故事集》最为出名。B项爱默
生是“新英格兰超验主义运动的领军人物”( the chief spokesman of New England
Transcendentalism)。C项杰斐逊是美国第三任总统，起草了Declaration of
Independence《独立宣言》。
60 、 单选题
It( )we had stayed together for a couple of weeks( )I found we had a lot in common.
A ： was until；when
B ： was until；that
C ： wasn’t；when
D ： wasn’t until；that
正确答案： D
解析：
考查强调句型。强调句糅合了not ...until 的结构，强调的部分是we had stayed together
for a couple of weeks，后面填that。故本题选D。句意：我们在一起待了几周，我才发
现我们有很多相同之处。
61 、 不定项选择题
“How many copies do you want printed, Mr. Greeley?”
“Five thousand!” The answer was snapped back without hesitation.
“But, sir,” the press foreman protested, “we have subscriptions for only five
hundred newspapers.”
“We’ll sell them or give them away.”
The presses started rolling, sending a thundering noise out over the sleeping
streets of New York City.?The New York Tribune?was born.
The newspaper’s founder, owner, and editor, Horace Greeley, anxiously
snatched the first copy as it came sliding off the press. This was his dream of many
years that he held in his hand. It was as precious as a child. Its birth was the result of
years of poverty, hard work, and disappointments.
Hard luck and misfortune had followed Horace all his life. He was born of poor
parents on February 3, 1811, on a small farm in New Hampshire. During his early
childhood, the Greeley family rarely had enough to eat. They moved from one farm
to another because they could not pay their debts. Young Horace’s only boyhood
fun was reading—when he could snatch a few moments during a long working day.
The printed word always fascinated Horace. When he was only ten years old, he
applied for a job as an apprentice in a printing shop. But he didn’t get the job
because he was too young.
Four years later, Horace walked eleven miles to East Poultney in Vermont to
answer an ad. A paper called?the Northern Spectator?had a job for a boy. The editor
asked him why he wanted to boa printer, Horace spoke up boldly: “Because, sir, I
want to learn all I can about newspapers.”The editor looked at the oddly dressed boy. Finally he said, “You’ve got the
job, son.”
For the first six months, room and board would be the only pay for his work.
After that, he would get room and board and forty dollars a year.
Horace hurried home to shout the good news to his family. When he got there,
he learned that his family was about to move again—this time to Pennsylvania.
Horace decided to stay and work. Mrs. Greeley hated leaving her son behind, but
gave her consent. Twice during his apprenticeship Horace walked six hundred miles
to visit his family. Each time, he took all the money he had saved and gave it to his
father.
The?Spectator?failed after Horace had spent four years working for it. He joined
his family in Erie, Pennsylvania, and got a job on the?Erie Gazette. Half the money he
earned he gave to his family. The other half he saved to go to New York.
When he was twenty, Horance arrived in New York with ten dollars in his pocket.
He was turned down twice when he asked for a job. Finally he became a typesetter
for John T West’s Printery. The only reason Horace got the job was that it was so
difficult other printers wouldn’t take it. His job was to set a very small edition of the
Bible. Horace almost ruined his eyes at that job.
As young Greeley’s skill grew, better jobs came his way. He could have bought
better clothes and moved out of his dingy room. But he was used to being poor, and
his habits did not change He spent practically nothing on himself. Even after
his?Tribune?became a success, he lived as if he hadn’t enough money for his next
meal.
The?Tribune?grew and thrived. It was unlike any newspaper ever printed before
in the United States. Greeley started a new type of journalism. His news stories were
truthful and accurate His editorials attacked as well as praised. Many people
disagreed with what he wrote, but still they read it. The?Tribune?became America’s
first nationwide newspaper. It was read as eagerly in the Midwest and Far West as it
was in the East. Greeley’s thundering editorials became the most powerful voice in
the land.
Greeley and his?Tribune?fought for many causes. He was the first to come out
for the right of women to vote. His?Tribune?was the leader in demanding protection
for homesteads in the West. He aroused the north in the fight against slavery. During
a depression in the East, jobless men asked what they could do to support
themselves. Said Greeley: “Go West, young man, go West!”
As the?Tribune?gained more power, Greeley became more interested in politics
He led in forming and naming the Republican party. He, more than any other man,
was responsible for Abraham Lincoln’s being named to run for President.
Horace Greeley was first of all a successful newspaperman. He was also a
powerful political leader. But he was not a popular man. In 1872 he ran for President
against Ulysses S Grant. Grant was re-elected by an overwhelming margin.
Greeley then in deep mourning over the recent death of his wife. He was heart-
broken over losing the election. He never recovered from the double blow only weeks
after his defeat, he died in New York City. His beloved?Tribune?lived on after him as
the monument he wanted. Just before died, he wrote:
“I cherish the hope that the journal I projected and established will live and
flourish long after I shall have mouldered into forgotten dust, and that the stone that
covers my ashes may bear to future eyes the still intelligible inscription, Founder of
the?New York?Tribune.”Greeley probably felt that his greatest accomplishment was _____.
A ： rising from poverty to wealth
B ： becoming a popular political leader
C ： founding?the New York?Tribune
D ： All of the above
正确答案： C
解析：
句意：Greeley可能认为他最大的成就是建立了《论坛报》。文章第六段第二、三
句“This was his dream of many years… result of years of poverty, hard work, and
disappointments.”说明了《论坛报》对Greeley的重要性，最后一段Greeley在死前写
的一段话，说明自己希望在死后《论坛报》能够更好，因此最可能是他眼中自己最大的
成就。
62 、 不定项选择题
“Popular art” has a number of meanings, impossible to define with any precision,
which range from folklore to junk. The poles are clear enough, but the middle tends
to blur. The Hollywood Western of the 1930’s, for example, has elements of
folklore, but is closer to junk than to high art or folk art. There can be great trash, just
as there is bad high art. The musicals of George Gershwin are great popular art,
never aspiring to high art. Schubert and Brahms, however, used elements of popular
music—folk themes—in works clearly intended as high art. The case of Verdi is a
different one: he took a popular genre—bourgeois melodrama set to music (an
accurate definition of nineteenth-century opera)—and, without altering its
fundamental nature, transmuted it into high art. This remains one of the greatest
achievements in music, and one that cannot be fully appreciated without recognizing
the essential trashiness of the genre.
As an example of such a transmutation, consider what Verdi made of the typical
political elements of nineteenth-century opera. Generally in the plots of these operas,
a hero or heroine—usually portrayed only as an individual, unfettered by class—is
caught between the immoral corruption of the aristocracy and the doctrinaire rigidity
or secret greed of the leaders of the proletariat. Verdi transforms this naive and
unlikely formulation with music of extraordinary energy and rhythmic vitality, music
more subtle than it seems at first hearing. There are scenes and arias that still sound
like calls to arms and were clearly understood as such when they were first
performed. Such pieces lend an immediacy to the otherwise veiled political message
of these operas and call up feelings beyond those of the opera itself.
Or consider Verdi’s treatment of character. Before Verdi, there were rarely any
characters at all in musical drama, only a series of situations which allowed the
singers to express a series of emotional states. Any attempt to find coherent
psychological portrayal in these operas is misplaced ingenuity. The only coherence
was the singer’s vocal technique: when the cast changed, new arias were almost
always substituted, generally adapted from other operas. Verdi’s characters, on the
other hand, have genuine consistency and integrity, even if, in many cases, the
consistency is that of pasteboard melodrama. The integrity of the character is
achieved through the music: once he had become established, Verdi did not rewritehis music for different singers or countenance alterations or substitutions of
somebody else’s arias in one of his operas, as every eighteenth-century composer
had done. When he revised an opera, it was only for dramatic economy and
effectiveness.
The author refers to Schubert and Brahms in order to suggest _____.
A ： that their achievements are no less substantial than those of Verdi
B ： that their works are examples of great trash
C ： the extent to which Schubert and Brahms influenced the later compositions of
Verdi
D ： that popular music could be employed in compositions intended as high art
正确答案： D
解析：
作者在提及Schubert and Brahms之前先提到了George Gershwin，指出Gershwin的音
乐是“great popular art, never aspiring to high art”，接着笔锋一转，提及Schubert
and Brahms，指出他们运用流行音乐的元素创作出了“high art”，通过两个例子的对
比，突出强调流行音乐也能用来创作高雅艺术，因此D项最符合题目要求。
63 、 不定项选择题
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful
actions committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent
research into the moral development of children. Until recently, child psychologists
supported pioneer developmentalist Jean Piaget in his hypothesis that because of
their immaturity, children under age seven do not take into account the intentions of
a person committing accidental or deliberate harm, but rather simply assign
punishment for transgressions on the basis of the magnitude of the negative
consequences caused. According to Piaget, children under age seven occupy the first
stage of moral development, which is characterized by moral absolutism (rules made
by authorities must be obeyed) and imminent justice (if rules are broken, punishment
will be meted out). Until young children mature, their moral judgments are based
entirely on the effect rather than the cause of a transgression. However, in recent
research, Keasey found that six-year-old children not only distinguish between
accidental and intentional harm, but also judge intentional harm as naughtier,
regardless of the amount of damage produced. Both of these findings seem to
indicate that children, at an earlier age than Piaget claimed, advance into the second
stage of moral development, moral autonomy, in which they accept social rules but
view them as more arbitrary than do children in the first stage.
Keasey’s research raises two key questions for developmental psychologists
about children under age seven: do they recognize justifications for harmful actions,
and do they make distinctions between harmful acts that are preventable and those
acts that have unforeseen harmful consequences? Studies indicate that justifications
excusing harmful actions might include?public?duty, self-defense, and provocation.
For example, Nesdale and Rule concluded that children were capable of considering
whether or not an aggressor’s action was justified by public duty: five year olds
reacted very differently to “Bonnie wrecks Arm’s pretend house” depending onwhether Bonnie did it “so somebody won’t fall over it” or because Bonnie wanted
“to make Ann feel bad”. Thus, a child of five begins to understand that certain
harmful actions, though intentional, can be justified; the constraints of moral
absolutism no longer solely guide their judgments.
Psychologists have determined that during kindergarten children learn to make
subtle distinctions involving harm. Darley observed that among-acts involving
unintentional harm, six-year-old children just entering kindergarten could not
differentiate between foreseeable, and thus preventable, harm and unforeseeable
harm for which the perpetrator cannot be blamed. Seven months later, however,
Darley found that these same children could make both distinctions, thus
demonstrating that they had become morally autonomous.
According to the passage, Piaget and Keasey would not have agreed on which of the
following points?
A ： The kinds of excuses children give for harmful acts they commit
B ： The age at which children begin to discriminate between intentional and
unintentional harm
C ： The intentions children have in perpetrating harm
D ： The circumstances under which children punish harmful acts
正确答案： B
解析：
由第一段Piaget…under age seven do not take into account the intentions和Keasey…
six-year-old children distinguish…可知，两人对儿童形成辨别能力的年龄持不同观点。
64 、 不定项选择题
“Popular art” has a number of meanings, impossible to define with any precision,
which range from folklore to junk. The poles are clear enough, but the middle tends
to blur. The Hollywood Western of the 1930’s, for example, has elements of
folklore, but is closer to junk than to high art or folk art. There can be great trash, just
as there is bad high art. The musicals of George Gershwin are great popular art,
never aspiring to high art. Schubert and Brahms, however, used elements of popular
music—folk themes—in works clearly intended as high art. The case of Verdi is a
different one: he took a popular genre—bourgeois melodrama set to music (an
accurate definition of nineteenth-century opera)—and, without altering its
fundamental nature, transmuted it into high art. This remains one of the greatest
achievements in music, and one that cannot be fully appreciated without recognizing
the essential trashiness of the genre.
As an example of such a transmutation, consider what Verdi made of the typical
political elements of nineteenth-century opera. Generally in the plots of these operas,
a hero or heroine—usually portrayed only as an individual, unfettered by class—is
caught between the immoral corruption of the aristocracy and the doctrinaire rigidity
or secret greed of the leaders of the proletariat. Verdi transforms this naive and
unlikely formulation with music of extraordinary energy and rhythmic vitality, music
more subtle than it seems at first hearing. There are scenes and arias that still sound
like calls to arms and were clearly understood as such when they were firstperformed. Such pieces lend an immediacy to the otherwise veiled political message
of these operas and call up feelings beyond those of the opera itself.
Or consider Verdi’s treatment of character. Before Verdi, there were rarely any
characters at all in musical drama, only a series of situations which allowed the
singers to express a series of emotional states. Any attempt to find coherent
psychological portrayal in these operas is misplaced ingenuity. The only coherence
was the singer’s vocal technique: when the cast changed, new arias were almost
always substituted, generally adapted from other operas. Verdi’s characters, on the
other hand, have genuine consistency and integrity, even if, in many cases, the
consistency is that of pasteboard melodrama. The integrity of the character is
achieved through the music: once he had become established, Verdi did not rewrite
his music for different singers or countenance alterations or substitutions of
somebody else’s arias in one of his operas, as every eighteenth-century composer
had done. When he revised an opera, it was only for dramatic economy and
effectiveness.
According to the passage, all of the following characterize musical drama before
Verdi EXCEPT: _____.
A ： music used for the purpose of defining a character
B ： adaptation of music from other operas
C ： psychological inconsistency in the portrayal of characters
D ： expression of emotional states in a series of dramatic situations
正确答案： A
解析：
可以将答案定位到文章第三段的第二到第四句。根据这三句的描述，B、C、D三项均是
正确的；在Verdi之前，音乐剧中很少存在人物形象，更谈不上音乐对人物的阐释了，A
项与文章描述不符，符合题目要求，所以选择A。
65 、 不定项选择题
What is the charm of necklaces? Why would anyone put something extra around her
neck and then invest it with special significance? A necklace doesn’t afford warmth
in cold weather, like a scarf, or protection in combat, like chain mail; it only
decorates. We might say it borrows meaning from what it surrounds and sets off: the
head with its supremely important material contents, and the face, that register of
the soul. When photograph reduces the reality it represents, they mention not only
the passage from three dimensions to two, but also the selection of a?point du
vue?favors the top of the body rather than the bottom and the front rather than the
back. The face is the jewel in the crown of the body, and so we give it a setting.
When people are intensely concerned with something that is obviously
impractical, anthropologists take note, for lovely useless things often express archaic
to exist in contemporary American houses already heated by gas and electricity, yet
most people want one and it is still the focus of the living room. This desire testifies, I
think, to the hundreds of thousands of years during which we Homo sapiens huddled
around a cave fire. We watch ourselves, rather anxiously, vanish backward down
those lone temporary corridors, as my daughter gazes at her infinitely multipliedsmall self in the mutually opposed mirrors of the beauty salon, and wonders, is it
me? Our fireplaces and necklaces and tombstones say it is, they are.
In American culture, an interest in necklaces seems to be rather gender specific.
Many men to whom I mention the enterprise feign polite interest and then change
the subject, though I know some who admire, construct, and wear necklaces,
including the distinguished scientist and poet to whom this essay is dedicated. Most
women, by contrast, become mildly or wildly enthusiastic. A doctor in Blois brought
out her entire collection of costume jewelry for me, exhibited the most splendid
pieces with an account of where and when they were purchased, and then explain
them all with the help of a large glossy book on the history of costume jewelry, with
dozens of pictures. A former student of mine who had moved to California mailed me
six plastic boxes full of beads gleaned from a warehouse managed by an eccentric
friend who just their settings; a feature bead painted with a naked lady; crystal
roundels of truly exceptional shine; and tiny silver hematite seed beads. Beads lend
themselves to exchange, Beads travel. And clearly these two facts are related.
The function of the necklace is to _____.
A ： keep people warm
B ： provide people with protection
C ： make people beautiful
D ： build up people’s confidence
正确答案： C
解析：
文章第一段第三句话写到“A necklace doesn’t afford warmth in cold weather…it
only decorates.”由此可见，项链的功能是用来装饰，让佩戴它的人们看起来更好看，C
正确。
66 、 不定项选择题
Print books may be under siege from the rise of e-books, but they have a tenacious
hold on a particular group: children and toddlers. Their parents are insisting this next
generation of readers spend their early years with old-fashioned books. This is the
case even with parents who themselves are die-hard downloaders of books onto
Kindles, iPads, laptops and phones. They freely acknowledge their digital double
standard, saying they want their children to be surrounded by print books, to
experience turning physical pages as they learn about shapes, colors and animals.
Parents also say they like cuddling up with their child and a book, and fear that a
shiny gadget might get all the attention. Also, if little Joey is going to spit up, a book
may be easier to clean than a tablet computer.
As the adult book world turns digital at a faster rate than publishers expected,
sales of e-books for titles aimed at children under 8 have barely budged. They
represent less than 5 percent of total annual sales of children’s books, several
publishers estimated, compared with more than 25 percent in some categories of
adult books.
Many print books are bought as gifts, since the delights of an Amazon gift card
are lost on most 6-year-olds. Children’s books are also a bright spot for brick-and-mortar bookstores, since parents often want to flip through an entire book before
buying it, something they usually cannot do with e-book browsing. A study
commissioned by HarperCollins in 2010 found that books bought for 3- to 7-year-olds
were frequently discovered at a local bookstore—38percent of the time.
And here is a question for a digital era debate: is anything lost by taking a picture
book and converting it to an e-book? Junko Yokota, a professor and director of the
Center for Teaching Through Children’s Books at National Louis University in
Chicago, thinks the answer is yes, because the shape and size of the book are often
part of the reading experience. Wider pages might be used to convey broad
landscapes, or a taller format might be chosen for stories about skyscrapers. Size and
shape “become part of the emotional experience, the intellectual experience.
There’s a lot you can’t standardize and stick into an electronic format,” said Ms.
Yokota, who has lectured on how to decide when a child’s book is best suited for
digital or print format.
Publishers say they are gradually increasing the number of print picture books
that they are converting to digital format, even though it is time—consuming and
expensive, and developers have been busy creating interactive children’s book
apps. While the entry of new tablet devices from Barnes&Noble and Amazon this fall
is expected to increase the demand for children’s e-books, several publishers said
they suspected that many parents would still prefer the print versions.
“There’s definitely a predisposition to print,” said Jon Yaged, president and
publisher of Macmillan Children’s Publishing Group. “And the parents are the
same folks who will have no qualms about buying an e-book for themselves,” he
added.
That is the ease in the home of Ari Wallach, a tech-obsessed New York
entrepreneur who helps companies update their technology. He himself reads on
Kindle, iPad and iPhone, but the room of his twin girls is packed with only print
books. “I know I’m a Luddite on this, but there’s something very personal about
a book and not one of one thousand files on an iPad, something that’s connected
and emotional, something I grew up with and that l want them to grow up with,” he
said. “I recognize that when they are my age, it’ll be difficult to find a’ dead-tree
book,” he added. “That being said, I feel that learning with books is as important a
rite of passage as learning to eat with utensils and being potty-trained.”
Which of the following can best describe the publishers’ opinion?
A ： They will convert more picture books to digital format because of the increased
demand for children’s e-books
B ： They will increase the number of print picture books because many parents
want their children to be surrounded by print books.
C ： Print books are reduced to gift.
D ： Parents would change their reading habits due to their concern for their
children.
正确答案： B
解析：
本题需要综合文章第五，第六段，第七段的信息来回答。第五段提出，尽管费时费力，
出版商们将增加纸质书籍的数量。而文中没有提到这是因为“children’s e-books”需
求增加，所以A选项错误。第五段提到许多出版商认为家长“prefer the print version”，
第六段中麦克米伦儿童出版社董事“Jon Yaged”指出“There’s definitely apredisposition to print”。由此可以推断，出版商们会增加“picture books”的产量。
紧接着在第七段给出一个纽约企业家的例子，他希望自己的孩子可以“grow up with”
纸质书籍。因此可以看出B选项说出版商将会增印纸质书籍由于家长希望孩子“be
surrounded by print books”是正确选项。C和D选项不是“publisher’s opinion.”，
因此可以排除。
67 、 不定项选择题
To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and
should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-
minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in
the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a
long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break
in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of
the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers
were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The
harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone
traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the
nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a
charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if
you didn’t take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who
would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there are
many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the
old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the
smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. “I was just traveling
through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for
dinner—amazing.” Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not
uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many
Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the
result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed
society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions
underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not
necessarily mean that someone understands, social and cultural patterns. Visitors
who fail to “translate” cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions.
For example, when an American uses the word “friend”, the cultural implications
of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor’s language and
culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between
courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many
Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.
Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers _____.
A ： to improve their hard life
B ： in view of their long-distance travel
C ： to add some flavor to their own daily life
D ： out of a charitable impulse
正确答案： C解析：
过去，拓荒时代的家庭乐意招待陌生人，是为自己的日常生活增添情趣。“For a long
period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break
…and brought news of the outside world.”指出，在美国历史的很长一段时期，对许
多地区来说，一个旅行者的到来是很受欢迎的，因为它可以对平时单调的生活起一个调
节作用。离群索居的家庭共同的问题是日常生活的单调与寂寞，陌生人或旅行者的到来
可以使他们暂时摆脱这种生活状况，另外，他们也可以因此获得外界信息。
68 、 不定项选择题
The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever
witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the
emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at
this process and worrying: “Won’t the wave of business concentration turn into an
uncontrollable anti-competitive force?”
There’s no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful.
Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in
1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates
account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and
welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early
1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of
the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of
smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability, of
the world economy.
I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the
same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation, and
communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that
require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers’ demands. All these are
beneficial, not detrimental to consumers. As productivity grows, the world’s wealth
increases.
Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration-wave are scanty. Yet it
is hard to imagine that the merge of a few oil firms today could recreate the same
threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the
Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as World
Corn, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of
technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down
fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing—witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault
and Nissan—but it does not appear that consumers am being hurt.
Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks
ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who
is going to supervise, regulate and operate, as lender of last resort with the gigantic
banks that are being created? won’t multinationals shift production from one place
to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair corn petition?
And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on
issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S.
What is the best title of this passage?
A ： M&A Wave in Argentina.
B ： Disadvantages of the Merger Movement.C ： M&A Wave around the World.
D ： Benefits of M&A Wave.
正确答案： C
解析：
选项C概括较全面，整篇文章着重分析的就是全世界范围内的合并—并购浪潮。
69 、 不定项选择题
What is the charm of necklaces? Why would anyone put something extra around her
neck and then invest it with special significance? A necklace doesn’t afford warmth
in cold weather, like a scarf, or protection in combat, like chain mail; it only
decorates. We might say it borrows meaning from what it surrounds and sets off: the
head with its supremely important material contents, and the face, that register of
the soul. When photograph reduces the reality it represents, they mention not only
the passage from three dimensions to two, but also the selection of a?point du
vue?favors the top of the body rather than the bottom and the front rather than the
back. The face is the jewel in the crown of the body, and so we give it a setting.
When people are intensely concerned with something that is obviously
impractical, anthropologists take note, for lovely useless things often express archaic
to exist in contemporary American houses already heated by gas and electricity, yet
most people want one and it is still the focus of the living room. This desire testifies, I
think, to the hundreds of thousands of years during which we Homo sapiens huddled
around a cave fire. We watch ourselves, rather anxiously, vanish backward down
those lone temporary corridors, as my daughter gazes at her infinitely multiplied
small self in the mutually opposed mirrors of the beauty salon, and wonders, is it
me? Our fireplaces and necklaces and tombstones say it is, they are.
In American culture, an interest in necklaces seems to be rather gender specific.
Many men to whom I mention the enterprise feign polite interest and then change
the subject, though I know some who admire, construct, and wear necklaces,
including the distinguished scientist and poet to whom this essay is dedicated. Most
women, by contrast, become mildly or wildly enthusiastic. A doctor in Blois brought
out her entire collection of costume jewelry for me, exhibited the most splendid
pieces with an account of where and when they were purchased, and then explain
them all with the help of a large glossy book on the history of costume jewelry, with
dozens of pictures. A former student of mine who had moved to California mailed me
six plastic boxes full of beads gleaned from a warehouse managed by an eccentric
friend who just their settings; a feature bead painted with a naked lady; crystal
roundels of truly exceptional shine; and tiny silver hematite seed beads. Beads lend
themselves to exchange, Beads travel. And clearly these two facts are related.
Some men “feign polite interest” means _____.
A ： They are keenly interested
B ： They are not interested at all because they are men
C ： They are slightly interested
D ： They pretend to be interested out of politeness正确答案： D
解析：
文章第三段第二句话写到“Many men to whom I mention the enterprise feign polite
interest and the change the subject…”feign to do sth.表示“假装，装作……”，D正
确。
70 、 不定项选择题
“How many copies do you want printed, Mr. Greeley?”
“Five thousand!” The answer was snapped back without hesitation.
“But, sir,” the press foreman protested, “we have subscriptions for only five
hundred newspapers.”
“We’ll sell them or give them away.”
The presses started rolling, sending a thundering noise out over the sleeping
streets of New York City.?The New York Tribune?was born.
The newspaper’s founder, owner, and editor, Horace Greeley, anxiously
snatched the first copy as it came sliding off the press. This was his dream of many
years that he held in his hand. It was as precious as a child. Its birth was the result of
years of poverty, hard work, and disappointments.
Hard luck and misfortune had followed Horace all his life. He was born of poor
parents on February 3, 1811, on a small farm in New Hampshire. During his early
childhood, the Greeley family rarely had enough to eat. They moved from one farm
to another because they could not pay their debts. Young Horace’s only boyhood
fun was reading—when he could snatch a few moments during a long working day.
The printed word always fascinated Horace. When he was only ten years old, he
applied for a job as an apprentice in a printing shop. But he didn’t get the job
because he was too young.
Four years later, Horace walked eleven miles to East Poultney in Vermont to
answer an ad. A paper called?the Northern Spectator?had a job for a boy. The editor
asked him why he wanted to boa printer, Horace spoke up boldly: “Because, sir, I
want to learn all I can about newspapers.”
The editor looked at the oddly dressed boy. Finally he said, “You’ve got the
job, son.”
For the first six months, room and board would be the only pay for his work.
After that, he would get room and board and forty dollars a year.
Horace hurried home to shout the good news to his family. When he got there,
he learned that his family was about to move again—this time to Pennsylvania.
Horace decided to stay and work. Mrs. Greeley hated leaving her son behind, but
gave her consent. Twice during his apprenticeship Horace walked six hundred miles
to visit his family. Each time, he took all the money he had saved and gave it to his
father.
The?Spectator?failed after Horace had spent four years working for it. He joined
his family in Erie, Pennsylvania, and got a job on the?Erie Gazette. Half the money he
earned he gave to his family. The other half he saved to go to New York.
When he was twenty, Horance arrived in New York with ten dollars in his pocket.
He was turned down twice when he asked for a job. Finally he became a typesetter
for John T West’s Printery. The only reason Horace got the job was that it was so
difficult other printers wouldn’t take it. His job was to set a very small edition of theBible. Horace almost ruined his eyes at that job.
As young Greeley’s skill grew, better jobs came his way. He could have bought
better clothes and moved out of his dingy room. But he was used to being poor, and
his habits did not change He spent practically nothing on himself. Even after
his?Tribune?became a success, he lived as if he hadn’t enough money for his next
meal.
The?Tribune?grew and thrived. It was unlike any newspaper ever printed before
in the United States. Greeley started a new type of journalism. His news stories were
truthful and accurate His editorials attacked as well as praised. Many people
disagreed with what he wrote, but still they read it. The?Tribune?became America’s
first nationwide newspaper. It was read as eagerly in the Midwest and Far West as it
was in the East. Greeley’s thundering editorials became the most powerful voice in
the land.
Greeley and his?Tribune?fought for many causes. He was the first to come out
for the right of women to vote. His?Tribune?was the leader in demanding protection
for homesteads in the West. He aroused the north in the fight against slavery. During
a depression in the East, jobless men asked what they could do to support
themselves. Said Greeley: “Go West, young man, go West!”
As the?Tribune?gained more power, Greeley became more interested in politics
He led in forming and naming the Republican party. He, more than any other man,
was responsible for Abraham Lincoln’s being named to run for President.
Horace Greeley was first of all a successful newspaperman. He was also a
powerful political leader. But he was not a popular man. In 1872 he ran for President
against Ulysses S Grant. Grant was re-elected by an overwhelming margin.
Greeley then in deep mourning over the recent death of his wife. He was heart-
broken over losing the election. He never recovered from the double blow only weeks
after his defeat, he died in New York City. His beloved?Tribune?lived on after him as
the monument he wanted. Just before died, he wrote:
“I cherish the hope that the journal I projected and established will live and
flourish long after I shall have mouldered into forgotten dust, and that the stone that
covers my ashes may bear to future eyes the still intelligible inscription, Founder of
the?New York?Tribune.”
The?Tribune?was different from all other American papers because it was _____.
A ： available by subscription only
B ： printed in New York city
C ： distributed throughout the nation
D ： it offered the editor’s personal opinions only
正确答案： D
解析：
句意：Horace创办《论坛报》的时候已经很富有，并且熟悉报纸行业的各项技能。文章
第十五段开头提到，随着Greeley的技艺越来越好，他开始有好的工作机会，能够购置好
的衣服并搬出昏暗的房子，由此可以得出Greeley当时技能纯熟，也很富有，排除B、C，
D项符合原文意思。A项Greeley变得出名发生在其创办《论坛报》之后。71 、 不定项选择题
I live in the land of Disney, Hollywood and year-round sun. You may think people in
such a glamorous, fun-filled p lace are happier than others. If so, you have some
mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness.
Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and
happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act.
Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper more abiding emotion.
Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are
fun activities that help us relax, temporarily forget our problems and maybe even
laugh. But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects end when the
fun ends.
I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us
that happiness has nothing to do with fan. These rich, beautiful individuals have
constant access to glamorous parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that
spells “happiness”. But in memoir after memoir, celebrities reveal the unhappiness
hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken
marriages, troubled children and profound loneliness.
Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less
and less satisfying. If he’s honest, he will tell you that he is afraid of making a
commitment. For commitment is in tact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun,
adventure and excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most
distinguishing features.
Similarly, couples that choose not to have children are deciding in favor of
painless fun over painful happiness. They can dine out ever they want and sleep as
late as they want. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep
or a three-day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to
describe raising children.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is
one of the most liberating realizations we can ever come to. It liberates time: now we
can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It
liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to
increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now
understand that all those rich and glamorous people we were so sure are happy
because they are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.
If one gets the meaning of the true sense of happiness, he will _____.
A ： stop playing games and joking with others
B ： make the best use of his time increasing happiness
C ： give a free hand to money
D ： keep himself with his family
正确答案： B
解析：
最后一段第二句：It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that
can genuinely increase our happiness告诉读者，一旦认识到乐趣和幸福的不同，我们
就会腾出更多的时间去做一些能够增加幸福指数的事情。72 、 不定项选择题
To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and
should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-
minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in
the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a
long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break
in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of
the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers
were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The
harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone
traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the
nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a
charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if
you didn’t take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who
would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there are
many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the
old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the
smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. “I was just traveling
through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for
dinner—amazing.” Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not
uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many
Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the
result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed
society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions
underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not
necessarily mean that someone understands, social and cultural patterns. Visitors
who fail to “translate” cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions.
For example, when an American uses the word “friend”, the cultural implications
of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor’s language and
culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between
courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many
Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.
In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, _____.
A ： rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US
B ： small-minded officials deserve a serious comment
C ： anadians are not so friendly as their neighbors
D ： most Americans are ready to offer help
正确答案： D
解析：
在游客眼中，大部分美国人乐于助人。“A report consistently brought back by visitors
to the US is how friendly, courteous and helpful most Americans were to them.”指出，
去过美国的人所带回的印象总是大多数美国人表现为友好、礼貌、乐于助人。A、B、C
表达的观点都不是第一段中所提到的访美者的观点。73 、 不定项选择题
What is the charm of necklaces? Why would anyone put something extra around her
neck and then invest it with special significance? A necklace doesn’t afford warmth
in cold weather, like a scarf, or protection in combat, like chain mail; it only
decorates. We might say it borrows meaning from what it surrounds and sets off: the
head with its supremely important material contents, and the face, that register of
the soul. When photograph reduces the reality it represents, they mention not only
the passage from three dimensions to two, but also the selection of a?point du
vue?favors the top of the body rather than the bottom and the front rather than the
back. The face is the jewel in the crown of the body, and so we give it a setting.
When people are intensely concerned with something that is obviously
impractical, anthropologists take note, for lovely useless things often express archaic
to exist in contemporary American houses already heated by gas and electricity, yet
most people want one and it is still the focus of the living room. This desire testifies, I
think, to the hundreds of thousands of years during which we Homo sapiens huddled
around a cave fire. We watch ourselves, rather anxiously, vanish backward down
those lone temporary corridors, as my daughter gazes at her infinitely multiplied
small self in the mutually opposed mirrors of the beauty salon, and wonders, is it
me? Our fireplaces and necklaces and tombstones say it is, they are.
In American culture, an interest in necklaces seems to be rather gender specific.
Many men to whom I mention the enterprise feign polite interest and then change
the subject, though I know some who admire, construct, and wear necklaces,
including the distinguished scientist and poet to whom this essay is dedicated. Most
women, by contrast, become mildly or wildly enthusiastic. A doctor in Blois brought
out her entire collection of costume jewelry for me, exhibited the most splendid
pieces with an account of where and when they were purchased, and then explain
them all with the help of a large glossy book on the history of costume jewelry, with
dozens of pictures. A former student of mine who had moved to California mailed me
six plastic boxes full of beads gleaned from a warehouse managed by an eccentric
friend who just their settings; a feature bead painted with a naked lady; crystal
roundels of truly exceptional shine; and tiny silver hematite seed beads. Beads lend
themselves to exchange, Beads travel. And clearly these two facts are related.
“Gender specific” means _____.
A ： both men and women
B ： either men or women
C ： neither men nor women
D ： related to one sex only
正确答案： D
解析：
文章第三段主要写了在美国社会，男性和女性对于项链的态度。作者写到，尽管也会佩
戴项链，但并不真正喜欢它，然而女性却非常喜欢。specific表示“特种的，明确的”，
但从文中可以看出，对项链的喜好是女性多，具有性别偏好，D正确。74 、 不定项选择题
What is the charm of necklaces? Why would anyone put something extra around her
neck and then invest it with special significance? A necklace doesn’t afford warmth
in cold weather, like a scarf, or protection in combat, like chain mail; it only
decorates. We might say it borrows meaning from what it surrounds and sets off: the
head with its supremely important material contents, and the face, that register of
the soul. When photograph reduces the reality it represents, they mention not only
the passage from three dimensions to two, but also the selection of a?point du
vue?favors the top of the body rather than the bottom and the front rather than the
back. The face is the jewel in the crown of the body, and so we give it a setting.
When people are intensely concerned with something that is obviously
impractical, anthropologists take note, for lovely useless things often express archaic
to exist in contemporary American houses already heated by gas and electricity, yet
most people want one and it is still the focus of the living room. This desire testifies, I
think, to the hundreds of thousands of years during which we Homo sapiens huddled
around a cave fire. We watch ourselves, rather anxiously, vanish backward down
those lone temporary corridors, as my daughter gazes at her infinitely multiplied
small self in the mutually opposed mirrors of the beauty salon, and wonders, is it
me? Our fireplaces and necklaces and tombstones say it is, they are.
In American culture, an interest in necklaces seems to be rather gender specific.
Many men to whom I mention the enterprise feign polite interest and then change
the subject, though I know some who admire, construct, and wear necklaces,
including the distinguished scientist and poet to whom this essay is dedicated. Most
women, by contrast, become mildly or wildly enthusiastic. A doctor in Blois brought
out her entire collection of costume jewelry for me, exhibited the most splendid
pieces with an account of where and when they were purchased, and then explain
them all with the help of a large glossy book on the history of costume jewelry, with
dozens of pictures. A former student of mine who had moved to California mailed me
six plastic boxes full of beads gleaned from a warehouse managed by an eccentric
friend who just their settings; a feature bead painted with a naked lady; crystal
roundels of truly exceptional shine; and tiny silver hematite seed beads. Beads lend
themselves to exchange, Beads travel. And clearly these two facts are related.
From this article we can gather that _____.
A ： Only women like necklaces
B ： Only men like necklaces
C ： Most women like necklaces
D ： Most men like necklaces
正确答案： C
解析：
文章第三段第三句话写到“Most women, by contrast, become mildly or wildly
enthusiastic.”这说明与男性相反，大多属女性都十分喜欢项链。接下来作者有列举了
自己的亲身体验，说明了女性对这一装饰物的狂热，C正确。75 、 不定项选择题
“How many copies do you want printed, Mr. Greeley?”
“Five thousand!” The answer was snapped back without hesitation.
“But, sir,” the press foreman protested, “we have subscriptions for only five
hundred newspapers.”
“We’ll sell them or give them away.”
The presses started rolling, sending a thundering noise out over the sleeping
streets of New York City.?The New York Tribune?was born.
The newspaper’s founder, owner, and editor, Horace Greeley, anxiously
snatched the first copy as it came sliding off the press. This was his dream of many
years that he held in his hand. It was as precious as a child. Its birth was the result of
years of poverty, hard work, and disappointments.
Hard luck and misfortune had followed Horace all his life. He was born of poor
parents on February 3, 1811, on a small farm in New Hampshire. During his early
childhood, the Greeley family rarely had enough to eat. They moved from one farm
to another because they could not pay their debts. Young Horace’s only boyhood
fun was reading—when he could snatch a few moments during a long working day.
The printed word always fascinated Horace. When he was only ten years old, he
applied for a job as an apprentice in a printing shop. But he didn’t get the job
because he was too young.
Four years later, Horace walked eleven miles to East Poultney in Vermont to
answer an ad. A paper called?the Northern Spectator?had a job for a boy. The editor
asked him why he wanted to boa printer, Horace spoke up boldly: “Because, sir, I
want to learn all I can about newspapers.”
The editor looked at the oddly dressed boy. Finally he said, “You’ve got the
job, son.”
For the first six months, room and board would be the only pay for his work.
After that, he would get room and board and forty dollars a year.
Horace hurried home to shout the good news to his family. When he got there,
he learned that his family was about to move again—this time to Pennsylvania.
Horace decided to stay and work. Mrs. Greeley hated leaving her son behind, but
gave her consent. Twice during his apprenticeship Horace walked six hundred miles
to visit his family. Each time, he took all the money he had saved and gave it to his
father.
The?Spectator?failed after Horace had spent four years working for it. He joined
his family in Erie, Pennsylvania, and got a job on the?Erie Gazette. Half the money he
earned he gave to his family. The other half he saved to go to New York.
When he was twenty, Horance arrived in New York with ten dollars in his pocket.
He was turned down twice when he asked for a job. Finally he became a typesetter
for John T West’s Printery. The only reason Horace got the job was that it was so
difficult other printers wouldn’t take it. His job was to set a very small edition of the
Bible. Horace almost ruined his eyes at that job.
As young Greeley’s skill grew, better jobs came his way. He could have bought
better clothes and moved out of his dingy room. But he was used to being poor, and
his habits did not change He spent practically nothing on himself. Even after
his?Tribune?became a success, he lived as if he hadn’t enough money for his next
meal.
The?Tribune?grew and thrived. It was unlike any newspaper ever printed before
in the United States. Greeley started a new type of journalism. His news stories weretruthful and accurate His editorials attacked as well as praised. Many people
disagreed with what he wrote, but still they read it. The?Tribune?became America’s
first nationwide newspaper. It was read as eagerly in the Midwest and Far West as it
was in the East. Greeley’s thundering editorials became the most powerful voice in
the land.
Greeley and his?Tribune?fought for many causes. He was the first to come out
for the right of women to vote. His?Tribune?was the leader in demanding protection
for homesteads in the West. He aroused the north in the fight against slavery. During
a depression in the East, jobless men asked what they could do to support
themselves. Said Greeley: “Go West, young man, go West!”
As the?Tribune?gained more power, Greeley became more interested in politics
He led in forming and naming the Republican party. He, more than any other man,
was responsible for Abraham Lincoln’s being named to run for President.
Horace Greeley was first of all a successful newspaperman. He was also a
powerful political leader. But he was not a popular man. In 1872 he ran for President
against Ulysses S Grant. Grant was re-elected by an overwhelming margin.
Greeley then in deep mourning over the recent death of his wife. He was heart-
broken over losing the election. He never recovered from the double blow only weeks
after his defeat, he died in New York City. His beloved?Tribune?lived on after him as
the monument he wanted. Just before died, he wrote:
“I cherish the hope that the journal I projected and established will live and
flourish long after I shall have mouldered into forgotten dust, and that the stone that
covers my ashes may bear to future eyes the still intelligible inscription, Founder of
the?New York?Tribune.”
Horace gladly accepted his first job _____.
A ： because of the kind of work it was
B ： because of the high salary offered
C ： because of the location of the office
D ： became he couldn’t find any other job
正确答案： A
解析：
句意：Horace很高兴的接受第一份工作的原因是这正是他想要的工作。文章第九段最后
一句，当Horace被问及为什么想做这份工作时，他回答“I want to learn all I can about
newspapers”，说明这份工作正是他想要的，故选A。文章第十一段说明这份工作开始
仅提供食宿，排除B。第十二段中提到Horace的家要搬到Pennsylvania，而这份工作是
在Vermont（第九段第一句），有600英里之远，排除C。D项在文中没有提到。
76 、 不定项选择题
“Popular art” has a number of meanings, impossible to define with any precision,
which range from folklore to junk. The poles are clear enough, but the middle tends
to blur. The Hollywood Western of the 1930’s, for example, has elements of
folklore, but is closer to junk than to high art or folk art. There can be great trash, just
as there is bad high art. The musicals of George Gershwin are great popular art,
never aspiring to high art. Schubert and Brahms, however, used elements of popularmusic—folk themes—in works clearly intended as high art. The case of Verdi is a
different one: he took a popular genre—bourgeois melodrama set to music (an
accurate definition of nineteenth-century opera)—and, without altering its
fundamental nature, transmuted it into high art. This remains one of the greatest
achievements in music, and one that cannot be fully appreciated without recognizing
the essential trashiness of the genre.
As an example of such a transmutation, consider what Verdi made of the typical
political elements of nineteenth-century opera. Generally in the plots of these operas,
a hero or heroine—usually portrayed only as an individual, unfettered by class—is
caught between the immoral corruption of the aristocracy and the doctrinaire rigidity
or secret greed of the leaders of the proletariat. Verdi transforms this naive and
unlikely formulation with music of extraordinary energy and rhythmic vitality, music
more subtle than it seems at first hearing. There are scenes and arias that still sound
like calls to arms and were clearly understood as such when they were first
performed. Such pieces lend an immediacy to the otherwise veiled political message
of these operas and call up feelings beyond those of the opera itself.
Or consider Verdi’s treatment of character. Before Verdi, there were rarely any
characters at all in musical drama, only a series of situations which allowed the
singers to express a series of emotional states. Any attempt to find coherent
psychological portrayal in these operas is misplaced ingenuity. The only coherence
was the singer’s vocal technique: when the cast changed, new arias were almost
always substituted, generally adapted from other operas. Verdi’s characters, on the
other hand, have genuine consistency and integrity, even if, in many cases, the
consistency is that of pasteboard melodrama. The integrity of the character is
achieved through the music: once he had become established, Verdi did not rewrite
his music for different singers or countenance alterations or substitutions of
somebody else’s arias in one of his operas, as every eighteenth-century composer
had done. When he revised an opera, it was only for dramatic economy and
effectiveness.
According to the passage, one of Verdi’s achievements within the framework of
nineteenth-century opera and its conventions was to _____.
A ： limit the extent to which singers influenced the musical compositions and
performance of his operas
B ： use his operas primarily as forums to protest both the moral corruption and
dogmatic rigidity of the political leaders of his time
C ： portray psychologically complex characters shaped by the political environment
surrounding them
D ： incorporate elements of folklore into both the music and plots of his operas
正确答案： A
解析：
文章第三段倒数第二句指出，“once he had become established, Verdi did not
rewrite his music for different singers or countenance alterations or substitutions of
somebody else’s arias in one of his operas, as every eighteenth-century composer
had done”，由此可知A项最符合要求。B、C、D三项都是Verdi在创作方面的独特创举，
而不是“conventions”，因此不符合题意。77 、 不定项选择题
I live in the land of Disney, Hollywood and year-round sun. You may think people in
such a glamorous, fun-filled p lace are happier than others. If so, you have some
mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness.
Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and
happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act.
Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper more abiding emotion.
Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are
fun activities that help us relax, temporarily forget our problems and maybe even
laugh. But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects end when the
fun ends.
I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us
that happiness has nothing to do with fan. These rich, beautiful individuals have
constant access to glamorous parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that
spells “happiness”. But in memoir after memoir, celebrities reveal the unhappiness
hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken
marriages, troubled children and profound loneliness.
Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less
and less satisfying. If he’s honest, he will tell you that he is afraid of making a
commitment. For commitment is in tact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun,
adventure and excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most
distinguishing features.
Similarly, couples that choose not to have children are deciding in favor of
painless fun over painful happiness. They can dine out ever they want and sleep as
late as they want. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep
or a three-day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to
describe raising children.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is
one of the most liberating realizations we can ever come to. It liberates time: now we
can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It
liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to
increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now
understand that all those rich and glamorous people we were so sure are happy
because they are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.
Which of the following is true?
A ： Fun creates long-lasting satisfaction
B ： Fun provides enjoyment while pain leads to happiness.
C ： Happiness is enduring whereas fun is short-lived.
D ： Fun that is long-standing may lead to happiness.
正确答案： C
解析：
文章第二段，作者告诉我们乐趣和幸福有很大的不同。乐趣是我们在活动的过程中所享
受到的，而幸福是活动结束之后内心的感受，是更深更持久的感情。A、B、D在文中并
没有提到。C选项为正确答案。78 、 不定项选择题
The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever
witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the
emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at
this process and worrying: “Won’t the wave of business concentration turn into an
uncontrollable anti-competitive force?”
There’s no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful.
Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in
1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates
account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and
welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early
1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of
the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of
smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability, of
the world economy.
I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the
same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation, and
communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that
require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers’ demands. All these are
beneficial, not detrimental to consumers. As productivity grows, the world’s wealth
increases.
Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration-wave are scanty. Yet it
is hard to imagine that the merge of a few oil firms today could recreate the same
threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the
Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as World
Corn, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of
technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down
fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing—witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault
and Nissan—but it does not appear that consumers am being hurt.
Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks
ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who
is going to supervise, regulate and operate, as lender of last resort with the gigantic
banks that are being created? won’t multinationals shift production from one place
to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair corn petition?
And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on
issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S.
Practice?4
The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever
witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the
emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at
this process and worrying: “Won’t the wave of business concentration turn into an
uncontrollable anti-competitive force?”
There’s no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful.
Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in
1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates
account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up andwelcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early
1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of
the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of
smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability, of
the world economy.
I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the
same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation, and
communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that
require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers’ demands. All these are
beneficial, not detrimental to consumers. As productivity grows, the world’s wealth
increases.
Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration-wave are scanty. Yet it
is hard to imagine that the merge of a few oil firms today could recreate the same
threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the
Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as World
Corn, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of
technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down
fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing—witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault
and Nissan—but it does not appear that consumers am being hurt.
Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks
ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who
is going to supervise, regulate and operate, as lender of last resort with the gigantic
banks that are being created? won’t multinationals shift production from one place
to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair corn petition?
And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on
issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S.
What is the typical trend, of businesses today?
A ： the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers
B ： World Corn serves as a good example of both benefits and costs
C ： the costs of the globalization process are enormous
D ： the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition
正确答案： D
解析：
根据第四段“Yet it is hard to imagine that the merge of a few oil...when the Standard
Oil trust was broken up”“很难想象如今一些石油公司的合并会再次给竞争带来威胁。
而这种威胁在一个世纪前标准石油垄断被打破时就引起美国的担忧了。”因此可以得出
答案为D项“标准石油垄断可能威胁到了竞争”。
79 、 不定项选择题
I live in the land of Disney, Hollywood and year-round sun. You may think people in
such a glamorous, fun-filled p lace are happier than others. If so, you have some
mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness.
Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and
happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act.Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper more abiding emotion.
Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are
fun activities that help us relax, temporarily forget our problems and maybe even
laugh. But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects end when the
fun ends.
I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us
that happiness has nothing to do with fan. These rich, beautiful individuals have
constant access to glamorous parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that
spells “happiness”. But in memoir after memoir, celebrities reveal the unhappiness
hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken
marriages, troubled children and profound loneliness.
Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less
and less satisfying. If he’s honest, he will tell you that he is afraid of making a
commitment. For commitment is in tact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun,
adventure and excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most
distinguishing features.
Similarly, couples that choose not to have children are deciding in favor of
painless fun over painful happiness. They can dine out ever they want and sleep as
late as they want. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep
or a three-day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to
describe raising children.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is
one of the most liberating realizations we can ever come to. It liberates time: now we
can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It
liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to
increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now
understand that all those rich and glamorous people we were so sure are happy
because they are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.
In the author’s opinion, marriage _____.
A ： affords greater fun
B ： leads to raising children
C ： indicates commitment
D ： ends in pain
正确答案： C
解析：
由文章第五段前两句知：当一个单身汉发现约会越来越无聊时，他却仍然拒绝婚姻。如
果他是一个诚实的人，他会告诉你那是因为他害怕做出承诺。即，在作者眼里婚姻意味
着承诺。
80 、 不定项选择题
The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever
witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the
emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking atthis process and worrying: “Won’t the wave of business concentration turn into an
uncontrollable anti-competitive force?”
There’s no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful.
Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in
1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates
account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and
welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early
1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of
the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of
smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability, of
the world economy.
I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the
same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation, and
communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that
require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers’ demands. All these are
beneficial, not detrimental to consumers. As productivity grows, the world’s wealth
increases.
Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration-wave are scanty. Yet it
is hard to imagine that the merge of a few oil firms today could recreate the same
threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the
Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as World
Corn, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of
technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down
fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing—witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault
and Nissan—but it does not appear that consumers am being hurt.
Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks
ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who
is going to supervise, regulate and operate, as lender of last resort with the gigantic
banks that are being created? won’t multinationals shift production from one place
to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair corn petition?
And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on
issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S.
Toward the new business wave, the writer’s attitude can be said to be _____.
A ： optimistic
B ： objective
C ： pessimistic
D ： biased
正确答案： B
解析：
从全文内容看，作者分析了这种商业浪潮的利弊，这种全面分析体现了作者评述的客观
性。
81 、 不定项选择题
The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions everwitnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the
emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at
this process and worrying: “Won’t the wave of business concentration turn into an
uncontrollable anti-competitive force?”
There’s no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful.
Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in
1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates
account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and
welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early
1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of
the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of
smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability, of
the world economy.
I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the
same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation, and
communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that
require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers’ demands. All these are
beneficial, not detrimental to consumers. As productivity grows, the world’s wealth
increases.
Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration-wave are scanty. Yet it
is hard to imagine that the merge of a few oil firms today could recreate the same
threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the
Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as World
Corn, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of
technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down
fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing—witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault
and Nissan—but it does not appear that consumers am being hurt.
Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks
ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who
is going to supervise, regulate and operate, as lender of last resort with the gigantic
banks that are being created? won’t multinationals shift production from one place
to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair corn petition?
And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on
issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S.
What is the typical trend, of businesses today?
A ： To take in more foreign funds.
B ： To invest-more abroad.
C ： To combine and become bigger.
D ： To trade with more, countries.
正确答案： C
解析：
第一段第1句话指出，“世界正在经历一波前所未有的合并-并购大浪潮”，因此，当今
商业的典型趋势为C选项“合并壮大”。82 、 不定项选择题
To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and
should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-
minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in
the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a
long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break
in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of
the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers
were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The
harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone
traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the
nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a
charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if
you didn’t take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who
would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there are
many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the
old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the
smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. “I was just traveling
through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for
dinner—amazing.” Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not
uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many
Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the
result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed
society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions
underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not
necessarily mean that someone understands, social and cultural patterns. Visitors
who fail to “translate” cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions.
For example, when an American uses the word “friend”, the cultural implications
of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor’s language and
culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between
courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many
Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.
The tradition of hospitality to strangers _____.
A ： tends to be superficial and artificial
B ： is generally well kept up in the United States
C ： is always understood properly
D ： has something to do with the busy tourist trails
正确答案： B
解析：
友善好客的传统在美国得以广泛的保持。“Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to
strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away
from the busy tourist trails.”指出，友善好客的旧传统在美国仍根探蒂固，这突出表现
在远离旅游热线的一些小城市中。文章最后一句“Yet, being friendly is a virtue that
many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.”也指
出，友善好客是倍受美国人珍视的美德，他们同样希望邻国人和其他外国人也表现出这
一美德。83 、 不定项选择题
To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and
should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-
minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in
the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a
long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break
in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of
the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers
were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The
harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone
traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the
nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a
charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if
you didn’t take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who
would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there are
many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the
old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the
smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. “I was just traveling
through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for
dinner—amazing.” Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not
uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many
Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the
result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed
society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions
underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not
necessarily mean that someone understands, social and cultural patterns. Visitors
who fail to “translate” cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions.
For example, when an American uses the word “friend”, the cultural implications
of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor’s language and
culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between
courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many
Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.
What’s the author’s attitudes toward the American’s friendliness?
A ： Favorable.
B ： Unfavorable.
C ： Indifferent.
D ： Neutral.
正确答案： A
解析：
从全文来看，作者从社会和历史角度分析了美国人热情好客的原因，对此的态度也是相
当赞许的。84 、 不定项选择题
“Popular art” has a number of meanings, impossible to define with any precision,
which range from folklore to junk. The poles are clear enough, but the middle tends
to blur. The Hollywood Western of the 1930’s, for example, has elements of
folklore, but is closer to junk than to high art or folk art. There can be great trash, just
as there is bad high art. The musicals of George Gershwin are great popular art,
never aspiring to high art. Schubert and Brahms, however, used elements of popular
music—folk themes—in works clearly intended as high art. The case of Verdi is a
different one: he took a popular genre—bourgeois melodrama set to music (an
accurate definition of nineteenth-century opera)—and, without altering its
fundamental nature, transmuted it into high art. This remains one of the greatest
achievements in music, and one that cannot be fully appreciated without recognizing
the essential trashiness of the genre.
As an example of such a transmutation, consider what Verdi made of the typical
political elements of nineteenth-century opera. Generally in the plots of these operas,
a hero or heroine—usually portrayed only as an individual, unfettered by class—is
caught between the immoral corruption of the aristocracy and the doctrinaire rigidity
or secret greed of the leaders of the proletariat. Verdi transforms this naive and
unlikely formulation with music of extraordinary energy and rhythmic vitality, music
more subtle than it seems at first hearing. There are scenes and arias that still sound
like calls to arms and were clearly understood as such when they were first
performed. Such pieces lend an immediacy to the otherwise veiled political message
of these operas and call up feelings beyond those of the opera itself.
Or consider Verdi’s treatment of character. Before Verdi, there were rarely any
characters at all in musical drama, only a series of situations which allowed the
singers to express a series of emotional states. Any attempt to find coherent
psychological portrayal in these operas is misplaced ingenuity. The only coherence
was the singer’s vocal technique: when the cast changed, new arias were almost
always substituted, generally adapted from other operas. Verdi’s characters, on the
other hand, have genuine consistency and integrity, even if, in many cases, the
consistency is that of pasteboard melodrama. The integrity of the character is
achieved through the music: once he had become established, Verdi did not rewrite
his music for different singers or countenance alterations or substitutions of
somebody else’s arias in one of his operas, as every eighteenth-century composer
had done. When he revised an opera, it was only for dramatic economy and
effectiveness.
It can be inferred that the author regards Verdi’s revisions to his operas with _____.
A ： regret that the original music and texts were altered
B ： concern that many of the revisions altered the plots of the original work
C ： approval for the intentions that motivated the revisions
D ： puzzlement, since the revisions seem largely insignificant
正确答案： C
解析：
作者在文章最后一句提到，“When he（Verdi）revised an opera, it was only for
dramatic economy and effectiveness”，这表明作者对Verdi修改其作品持肯定态度，只有C项与作者的态度贴切，A、B、D三项的感情色彩与作者的不符。
85 、 不定项选择题
Print books may be under siege from the rise of e-books, but they have a tenacious
hold on a particular group: children and toddlers. Their parents are insisting this next
generation of readers spend their early years with old-fashioned books. This is the
case even with parents who themselves are die-hard downloaders of books onto
Kindles, iPads, laptops and phones. They freely acknowledge their digital double
standard, saying they want their children to be surrounded by print books, to
experience turning physical pages as they learn about shapes, colors and animals.
Parents also say they like cuddling up with their child and a book, and fear that a
shiny gadget might get all the attention. Also, if little Joey is going to spit up, a book
may be easier to clean than a tablet computer.
As the adult book world turns digital at a faster rate than publishers expected,
sales of e-books for titles aimed at children under 8 have barely budged. They
represent less than 5 percent of total annual sales of children’s books, several
publishers estimated, compared with more than 25 percent in some categories of
adult books.
Many print books are bought as gifts, since the delights of an Amazon gift card
are lost on most 6-year-olds. Children’s books are also a bright spot for brick-and-
mortar bookstores, since parents often want to flip through an entire book before
buying it, something they usually cannot do with e-book browsing. A study
commissioned by HarperCollins in 2010 found that books bought for 3- to 7-year-olds
were frequently discovered at a local bookstore—38percent of the time.
And here is a question for a digital era debate: is anything lost by taking a picture
book and converting it to an e-book? Junko Yokota, a professor and director of the
Center for Teaching Through Children’s Books at National Louis University in
Chicago, thinks the answer is yes, because the shape and size of the book are often
part of the reading experience. Wider pages might be used to convey broad
landscapes, or a taller format might be chosen for stories about skyscrapers. Size and
shape “become part of the emotional experience, the intellectual experience.
There’s a lot you can’t standardize and stick into an electronic format,” said Ms.
Yokota, who has lectured on how to decide when a child’s book is best suited for
digital or print format.
Publishers say they are gradually increasing the number of print picture books
that they are converting to digital format, even though it is time—consuming and
expensive, and developers have been busy creating interactive children’s book
apps. While the entry of new tablet devices from Barnes&Noble and Amazon this fall
is expected to increase the demand for children’s e-books, several publishers said
they suspected that many parents would still prefer the print versions.
“There’s definitely a predisposition to print,” said Jon Yaged, president and
publisher of Macmillan Children’s Publishing Group. “And the parents are the
same folks who will have no qualms about buying an e-book for themselves,” he
added.
That is the ease in the home of Ari Wallach, a tech-obsessed New York
entrepreneur who helps companies update their technology. He himself reads on
Kindle, iPad and iPhone, but the room of his twin girls is packed with only print
books. “I know I’m a Luddite on this, but there’s something very personal abouta book and not one of one thousand files on an iPad, something that’s connected
and emotional, something I grew up with and that l want them to grow up with,” he
said. “I recognize that when they are my age, it’ll be difficult to find a’ dead-tree
book,” he added. “That being said, I feel that learning with books is as important a
rite of passage as learning to eat with utensils and being potty-trained.”
The word “Luddite” in Line 3 in the last paragraph means a person _____.
A ： who is opposed to new technology or working methods
B ： who is crazy about high-tech devices
C ： who is stubborn and determined
D ： who tends to follow suit
正确答案： A
解析：
文章最后一段表达了一个父亲反对孩子使用电子设备读书的态度，因此可推
断“Luddite”的意思是反对新技术和新方法。选项A为正确选项。
86 、 不定项选择题
Print books may be under siege from the rise of e-books, but they have a tenacious
hold on a particular group: children and toddlers. Their parents are insisting this next
generation of readers spend their early years with old-fashioned books. This is the
case even with parents who themselves are die-hard downloaders of books onto
Kindles, iPads, laptops and phones. They freely acknowledge their digital double
standard, saying they want their children to be surrounded by print books, to
experience turning physical pages as they learn about shapes, colors and animals.
Parents also say they like cuddling up with their child and a book, and fear that a
shiny gadget might get all the attention. Also, if little Joey is going to spit up, a book
may be easier to clean than a tablet computer.
As the adult book world turns digital at a faster rate than publishers expected,
sales of e-books for titles aimed at children under 8 have barely budged. They
represent less than 5 percent of total annual sales of children’s books, several
publishers estimated, compared with more than 25 percent in some categories of
adult books.
Many print books are bought as gifts, since the delights of an Amazon gift card
are lost on most 6-year-olds. Children’s books are also a bright spot for brick-and-
mortar bookstores, since parents often want to flip through an entire book before
buying it, something they usually cannot do with e-book browsing. A study
commissioned by HarperCollins in 2010 found that books bought for 3- to 7-year-olds
were frequently discovered at a local bookstore—38percent of the time.
And here is a question for a digital era debate: is anything lost by taking a picture
book and converting it to an e-book? Junko Yokota, a professor and director of the
Center for Teaching Through Children’s Books at National Louis University in
Chicago, thinks the answer is yes, because the shape and size of the book are often
part of the reading experience. Wider pages might be used to convey broad
landscapes, or a taller format might be chosen for stories about skyscrapers. Size and
shape “become part of the emotional experience, the intellectual experience.There’s a lot you can’t standardize and stick into an electronic format,” said Ms.
Yokota, who has lectured on how to decide when a child’s book is best suited for
digital or print format.
Publishers say they are gradually increasing the number of print picture books
that they are converting to digital format, even though it is time—consuming and
expensive, and developers have been busy creating interactive children’s book
apps. While the entry of new tablet devices from Barnes&Noble and Amazon this fall
is expected to increase the demand for children’s e-books, several publishers said
they suspected that many parents would still prefer the print versions.
“There’s definitely a predisposition to print,” said Jon Yaged, president and
publisher of Macmillan Children’s Publishing Group. “And the parents are the
same folks who will have no qualms about buying an e-book for themselves,” he
added.
That is the ease in the home of Ari Wallach, a tech-obsessed New York
entrepreneur who helps companies update their technology. He himself reads on
Kindle, iPad and iPhone, but the room of his twin girls is packed with only print
books. “I know I’m a Luddite on this, but there’s something very personal about
a book and not one of one thousand files on an iPad, something that’s connected
and emotional, something I grew up with and that l want them to grow up with,” he
said. “I recognize that when they are my age, it’ll be difficult to find a’ dead-tree
book,” he added. “That being said, I feel that learning with books is as important a
rite of passage as learning to eat with utensils and being potty-trained.”
The primary function of the last paragraph of the passage is to _____.
A ： summarize main ideas of the passage
B ： illustrate the parents’ digital double standard and the predisposition to print
C ： exemplify a tech-obsessed parent
D ： give a counter example to the prevailing trend of e-books
正确答案： B
解析：
文章最后一段话强调了父亲希望孩子读纸质书籍，但从倒数第二段“He himself reads
on Kindle, iPad and iPhone…”可以看出父亲自己阅读电子书，因此最后一段实际上举
例说明了家长对使用电子产品的双重标准和让孩子使用纸质书籍的倾向性。所以B项为
正确选项。
87 、 不定项选择题
I live in the land of Disney, Hollywood and year-round sun. You may think people in
such a glamorous, fun-filled p lace are happier than others. If so, you have some
mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness.
Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and
happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act.
Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper more abiding emotion.
Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are
fun activities that help us relax, temporarily forget our problems and maybe even
laugh. But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects end when thefun ends.
I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us
that happiness has nothing to do with fan. These rich, beautiful individuals have
constant access to glamorous parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that
spells “happiness”. But in memoir after memoir, celebrities reveal the unhappiness
hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken
marriages, troubled children and profound loneliness.
Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less
and less satisfying. If he’s honest, he will tell you that he is afraid of making a
commitment. For commitment is in tact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun,
adventure and excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most
distinguishing features.
Similarly, couples that choose not to have children are deciding in favor of
painless fun over painful happiness. They can dine out ever they want and sleep as
late as they want. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep
or a three-day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to
describe raising children.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is
one of the most liberating realizations we can ever come to. It liberates time: now we
can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It
liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to
increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now
understand that all those rich and glamorous people we were so sure are happy
because they are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.
Couples having infant children _____.
A ： are lucky since they can have a whole night’s sleep
B ： find fun in tucking them into bed at night
C ： find more time to play and joke with them
D ： derive happiness from their endeavor
正确答案： D
解析：
文章第六段告诉我们，那些不要孩子的人是决定选择无痛的乐趣，而不是疼痛的幸福。
他们可以在任何时候做自己想做的事情，而那些带孩子的人却难得睡一整晚的好觉，或
有两三天的假期。但是有孩子的人得到的却是幸福，而不是简单的乐趣。由此可知，抚
养孩子的人，是在付出努力的过程中品尝到了幸福的滋味。
88 、 不定项选择题
I live in the land of Disney, Hollywood and year-round sun. You may think people in
such a glamorous, fun-filled p lace are happier than others. If so, you have some
mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness.
Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and
happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act.
Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper more abiding emotion.Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are
fun activities that help us relax, temporarily forget our problems and maybe even
laugh. But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects end when the
fun ends.
I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us
that happiness has nothing to do with fan. These rich, beautiful individuals have
constant access to glamorous parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that
spells “happiness”. But in memoir after memoir, celebrities reveal the unhappiness
hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken
marriages, troubled children and profound loneliness.
Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less
and less satisfying. If he’s honest, he will tell you that he is afraid of making a
commitment. For commitment is in tact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun,
adventure and excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most
distinguishing features.
Similarly, couples that choose not to have children are deciding in favor of
painless fun over painful happiness. They can dine out ever they want and sleep as
late as they want. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep
or a three-day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to
describe raising children.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is
one of the most liberating realizations we can ever come to. It liberates time: now we
can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It
liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to
increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now
understand that all those rich and glamorous people we were so sure are happy
because they are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.
To the author, Hollywood stars all have an important role to play that is to _____.
A ： write memoir after memoir about their happiness
B ： tell the public that happiness has nothing to do with fun
C ： teach people how to enjoy their lives
D ： bring happiness to the public instead of going to glamorous parties
正确答案： B
解析：
根据文章第四段第一句：I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to
play, it is to teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fan，即好莱坞明星们的例
子可以告诉我们乐趣和幸福几乎没有任何关系，答案为B。
89 、 不定项选择题
“How many copies do you want printed, Mr. Greeley?”
“Five thousand!” The answer was snapped back without hesitation.
“But, sir,” the press foreman protested, “we have subscriptions for only five
hundred newspapers.”“We’ll sell them or give them away.”
The presses started rolling, sending a thundering noise out over the sleeping
streets of New York City.?The New York Tribune?was born.
The newspaper’s founder, owner, and editor, Horace Greeley, anxiously
snatched the first copy as it came sliding off the press. This was his dream of many
years that he held in his hand. It was as precious as a child. Its birth was the result of
years of poverty, hard work, and disappointments.
Hard luck and misfortune had followed Horace all his life. He was born of poor
parents on February 3, 1811, on a small farm in New Hampshire. During his early
childhood, the Greeley family rarely had enough to eat. They moved from one farm
to another because they could not pay their debts. Young Horace’s only boyhood
fun was reading—when he could snatch a few moments during a long working day.
The printed word always fascinated Horace. When he was only ten years old, he
applied for a job as an apprentice in a printing shop. But he didn’t get the job
because he was too young.
Four years later, Horace walked eleven miles to East Poultney in Vermont to
answer an ad. A paper called?the Northern Spectator?had a job for a boy. The editor
asked him why he wanted to boa printer, Horace spoke up boldly: “Because, sir, I
want to learn all I can about newspapers.”
The editor looked at the oddly dressed boy. Finally he said, “You’ve got the
job, son.”
For the first six months, room and board would be the only pay for his work.
After that, he would get room and board and forty dollars a year.
Horace hurried home to shout the good news to his family. When he got there,
he learned that his family was about to move again—this time to Pennsylvania.
Horace decided to stay and work. Mrs. Greeley hated leaving her son behind, but
gave her consent. Twice during his apprenticeship Horace walked six hundred miles
to visit his family. Each time, he took all the money he had saved and gave it to his
father.
The?Spectator?failed after Horace had spent four years working for it. He joined
his family in Erie, Pennsylvania, and got a job on the?Erie Gazette. Half the money he
earned he gave to his family. The other half he saved to go to New York.
When he was twenty, Horance arrived in New York with ten dollars in his pocket.
He was turned down twice when he asked for a job. Finally he became a typesetter
for John T West’s Printery. The only reason Horace got the job was that it was so
difficult other printers wouldn’t take it. His job was to set a very small edition of the
Bible. Horace almost ruined his eyes at that job.
As young Greeley’s skill grew, better jobs came his way. He could have bought
better clothes and moved out of his dingy room. But he was used to being poor, and
his habits did not change He spent practically nothing on himself. Even after
his?Tribune?became a success, he lived as if he hadn’t enough money for his next
meal.
The?Tribune?grew and thrived. It was unlike any newspaper ever printed before
in the United States. Greeley started a new type of journalism. His news stories were
truthful and accurate His editorials attacked as well as praised. Many people
disagreed with what he wrote, but still they read it. The?Tribune?became America’s
first nationwide newspaper. It was read as eagerly in the Midwest and Far West as it
was in the East. Greeley’s thundering editorials became the most powerful voice in
the land.
Greeley and his?Tribune?fought for many causes. He was the first to come out
for the right of women to vote. His?Tribune?was the leader in demanding protectionfor homesteads in the West. He aroused the north in the fight against slavery. During
a depression in the East, jobless men asked what they could do to support
themselves. Said Greeley: “Go West, young man, go West!”
As the?Tribune?gained more power, Greeley became more interested in politics
He led in forming and naming the Republican party. He, more than any other man,
was responsible for Abraham Lincoln’s being named to run for President.
Horace Greeley was first of all a successful newspaperman. He was also a
powerful political leader. But he was not a popular man. In 1872 he ran for President
against Ulysses S Grant. Grant was re-elected by an overwhelming margin.
Greeley then in deep mourning over the recent death of his wife. He was heart-
broken over losing the election. He never recovered from the double blow only weeks
after his defeat, he died in New York City. His beloved?Tribune?lived on after him as
the monument he wanted. Just before died, he wrote:
“I cherish the hope that the journal I projected and established will live and
flourish long after I shall have mouldered into forgotten dust, and that the stone that
covers my ashes may bear to future eyes the still intelligible inscription, Founder of
the?New York?Tribune.”
When Horace founded the Tribune he was _____.
A ： already a rich and famous newspaperman
B ： poor, but skilled in newspaper work
C ： poor, but eager to learn newspaper work
D ： rich and skilled in newspaper work
正确答案： D
解析：
句意：Horace创办《论坛报》的时候已经很富有，并且熟悉报纸行业的各项技能。文章
第十五段开头提到，随着Greeley的技艺越来越好，他开始有好的工作机会，能够购置好
的衣服并搬出昏暗的房子，由此可以得出Greeley当时技能纯熟，也很富有，排除B、C，
D项符合原文意思。A项Greeley变得出名发生在其创办《论坛报》之后。
90 、 不定项选择题
To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and
should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-
minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in
the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a
long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break
in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of
the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers
were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The
harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone
traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the
nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a
charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if
you didn’t take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who
would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there aremany charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the
old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the
smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. “I was just traveling
through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for
dinner—amazing.” Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not
uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many
Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the
result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed
society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions
underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not
necessarily mean that someone understands, social and cultural patterns. Visitors
who fail to “translate” cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions.
For example, when an American uses the word “friend”, the cultural implications
of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor’s language and
culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between
courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many
Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.
It could be inferred from the last paragraph that _____.
A ： culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship
B ： courteous convention and individual interest are interrelated
C ： various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends
D ： social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions
正确答案： A
解析：
从最后一段中，可推测出文化能影响社会关系。“As is true of any developed society,
in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies
all social interrelationships.”是全段的主题，该句可译为：像其他发达国家一样，在美
国，人际关系的背后是一系列复杂的文化符号、信念和习俗。换言之，美国的文化决定
了美国人的行为。
91 、 不定项选择题
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful
actions committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent
research into the moral development of children. Until recently, child psychologists
supported pioneer developmentalist Jean Piaget in his hypothesis that because of
their immaturity, children under age seven do not take into account the intentions of
a person committing accidental or deliberate harm, but rather simply assign
punishment for transgressions on the basis of the magnitude of the negative
consequences caused. According to Piaget, children under age seven occupy the first
stage of moral development, which is characterized by moral absolutism (rules made
by authorities must be obeyed) and imminent justice (if rules are broken, punishment
will be meted out). Until young children mature, their moral judgments are based
entirely on the effect rather than the cause of a transgression. However, in recent
research, Keasey found that six-year-old children not only distinguish betweenaccidental and intentional harm, but also judge intentional harm as naughtier,
regardless of the amount of damage produced. Both of these findings seem to
indicate that children, at an earlier age than Piaget claimed, advance into the second
stage of moral development, moral autonomy, in which they accept social rules but
view them as more arbitrary than do children in the first stage.
Keasey’s research raises two key questions for developmental psychologists
about children under age seven: do they recognize justifications for harmful actions,
and do they make distinctions between harmful acts that are preventable and those
acts that have unforeseen harmful consequences? Studies indicate that justifications
excusing harmful actions might include?public?duty, self-defense, and provocation.
For example, Nesdale and Rule concluded that children were capable of considering
whether or not an aggressor’s action was justified by public duty: five year olds
reacted very differently to “Bonnie wrecks Arm’s pretend house” depending on
whether Bonnie did it “so somebody won’t fall over it” or because Bonnie wanted
“to make Ann feel bad”. Thus, a child of five begins to understand that certain
harmful actions, though intentional, can be justified; the constraints of moral
absolutism no longer solely guide their judgments.
Psychologists have determined that during kindergarten children learn to make
subtle distinctions involving harm. Darley observed that among-acts involving
unintentional harm, six-year-old children just entering kindergarten could not
differentiate between foreseeable, and thus preventable, harm and unforeseeable
harm for which the perpetrator cannot be blamed. Seven months later, however,
Darley found that these same children could make both distinctions, thus
demonstrating that they had become morally autonomous.
According to the passage, Darley found that after seven months of kindergarten six
year olds acquired which of the following abilities?
A ： Differentiating between foreseeable and unforeseeable harm
B ： Identifying with the perpetrator of a harmful action
C ： Justifying harmful actions that result from provocation
D ： Evaluating the magnitude of negative consequences resulting from the-breaking
of rules
正确答案： A
解析：
由上文could not differentiate between foreseeable…and unforeseeable harm可知，7
个月后，儿童会有辨别可预知和不可预知伤害行为的能力。
92 、 不定项选择题
The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever
witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the
emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at
this process and worrying: “Won’t the wave of business concentration turn into an
uncontrollable anti-competitive force?”
There’s no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful.
Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates
account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and
welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early
1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of
the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of
smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability, of
the world economy.
I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the
same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation, and
communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that
require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers’ demands. All these are
beneficial, not detrimental to consumers. As productivity grows, the world’s wealth
increases.
Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration-wave are scanty. Yet it
is hard to imagine that the merge of a few oil firms today could recreate the same
threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the
Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as World
Corn, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of
technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down
fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing—witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault
and Nissan—but it does not appear that consumers am being hurt.
Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks
ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who
is going to supervise, regulate and operate, as lender of last resort with the gigantic
banks that are being created? won’t multinationals shift production from one place
to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair corn petition?
And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on
issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S.
According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is _____.
A ： the greater customers’ demands
B ： a surplus supply for the market
C ： growing productivity
D ： the increase of the world’s wealth
正确答案： A
解析：
第三段指出the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are… and
enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers’
demands.“合并-并购大浪潮背后的推动力是…以及扩大的市场要求扩大操作以能够满
足消费者的需求。”B项在第三段中并没有体现。C项、D项不是原因而是结果。因此，
选择C答案。
93 、 不定项选择题
“How many copies do you want printed, Mr. Greeley?”
“Five thousand!” The answer was snapped back without hesitation.“But, sir,” the press foreman protested, “we have subscriptions for only five
hundred newspapers.”
“We’ll sell them or give them away.”
The presses started rolling, sending a thundering noise out over the sleeping
streets of New York City.?The New York Tribune?was born.
The newspaper’s founder, owner, and editor, Horace Greeley, anxiously
snatched the first copy as it came sliding off the press. This was his dream of many
years that he held in his hand. It was as precious as a child. Its birth was the result of
years of poverty, hard work, and disappointments.
Hard luck and misfortune had followed Horace all his life. He was born of poor
parents on February 3, 1811, on a small farm in New Hampshire. During his early
childhood, the Greeley family rarely had enough to eat. They moved from one farm
to another because they could not pay their debts. Young Horace’s only boyhood
fun was reading—when he could snatch a few moments during a long working day.
The printed word always fascinated Horace. When he was only ten years old, he
applied for a job as an apprentice in a printing shop. But he didn’t get the job
because he was too young.
Four years later, Horace walked eleven miles to East Poultney in Vermont to
answer an ad. A paper called?the Northern Spectator?had a job for a boy. The editor
asked him why he wanted to boa printer, Horace spoke up boldly: “Because, sir, I
want to learn all I can about newspapers.”
The editor looked at the oddly dressed boy. Finally he said, “You’ve got the
job, son.”
For the first six months, room and board would be the only pay for his work.
After that, he would get room and board and forty dollars a year.
Horace hurried home to shout the good news to his family. When he got there,
he learned that his family was about to move again—this time to Pennsylvania.
Horace decided to stay and work. Mrs. Greeley hated leaving her son behind, but
gave her consent. Twice during his apprenticeship Horace walked six hundred miles
to visit his family. Each time, he took all the money he had saved and gave it to his
father.
The?Spectator?failed after Horace had spent four years working for it. He joined
his family in Erie, Pennsylvania, and got a job on the?Erie Gazette. Half the money he
earned he gave to his family. The other half he saved to go to New York.
When he was twenty, Horance arrived in New York with ten dollars in his pocket.
He was turned down twice when he asked for a job. Finally he became a typesetter
for John T West’s Printery. The only reason Horace got the job was that it was so
difficult other printers wouldn’t take it. His job was to set a very small edition of the
Bible. Horace almost ruined his eyes at that job.
As young Greeley’s skill grew, better jobs came his way. He could have bought
better clothes and moved out of his dingy room. But he was used to being poor, and
his habits did not change He spent practically nothing on himself. Even after
his?Tribune?became a success, he lived as if he hadn’t enough money for his next
meal.
The?Tribune?grew and thrived. It was unlike any newspaper ever printed before
in the United States. Greeley started a new type of journalism. His news stories were
truthful and accurate His editorials attacked as well as praised. Many people
disagreed with what he wrote, but still they read it. The?Tribune?became America’s
first nationwide newspaper. It was read as eagerly in the Midwest and Far West as it
was in the East. Greeley’s thundering editorials became the most powerful voice in
the land.Greeley and his?Tribune?fought for many causes. He was the first to come out
for the right of women to vote. His?Tribune?was the leader in demanding protection
for homesteads in the West. He aroused the north in the fight against slavery. During
a depression in the East, jobless men asked what they could do to support
themselves. Said Greeley: “Go West, young man, go West!”
As the?Tribune?gained more power, Greeley became more interested in politics
He led in forming and naming the Republican party. He, more than any other man,
was responsible for Abraham Lincoln’s being named to run for President.
Horace Greeley was first of all a successful newspaperman. He was also a
powerful political leader. But he was not a popular man. In 1872 he ran for President
against Ulysses S Grant. Grant was re-elected by an overwhelming margin.
Greeley then in deep mourning over the recent death of his wife. He was heart-
broken over losing the election. He never recovered from the double blow only weeks
after his defeat, he died in New York City. His beloved?Tribune?lived on after him as
the monument he wanted. Just before died, he wrote:
“I cherish the hope that the journal I projected and established will live and
flourish long after I shall have mouldered into forgotten dust, and that the stone that
covers my ashes may bear to future eyes the still intelligible inscription, Founder of
the?New York?Tribune.”
Before the Tribune was founded, news reporting was _____.
A ： honest but uninteresting
B ： distorted or dishonest
C ： almost unknown
D ： interesting but distorted
正确答案： B
解析：
句意：《论坛报》成立之前，新闻报道是歪曲的或者不真实的。倒数第六段第三、
四“Greeley started a new type of journalism. His news stories were truthful and
accurate”，即Greeley开创了新的报道方式，他的新闻故事真实而准确。由此可以得出，
这之前的报道不真实，选B。
94 、 不定项选择题
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful
actions committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent
research into the moral development of children. Until recently, child psychologists
supported pioneer developmentalist Jean Piaget in his hypothesis that because of
their immaturity, children under age seven do not take into account the intentions of
a person committing accidental or deliberate harm, but rather simply assign
punishment for transgressions on the basis of the magnitude of the negative
consequences caused. According to Piaget, children under age seven occupy the first
stage of moral development, which is characterized by moral absolutism (rules made
by authorities must be obeyed) and imminent justice (if rules are broken, punishment
will be meted out). Until young children mature, their moral judgments are based
entirely on the effect rather than the cause of a transgression. However, in recentresearch, Keasey found that six-year-old children not only distinguish between
accidental and intentional harm, but also judge intentional harm as naughtier,
regardless of the amount of damage produced. Both of these findings seem to
indicate that children, at an earlier age than Piaget claimed, advance into the second
stage of moral development, moral autonomy, in which they accept social rules but
view them as more arbitrary than do children in the first stage.
Keasey’s research raises two key questions for developmental psychologists
about children under age seven: do they recognize justifications for harmful actions,
and do they make distinctions between harmful acts that are preventable and those
acts that have unforeseen harmful consequences? Studies indicate that justifications
excusing harmful actions might include?public?duty, self-defense, and provocation.
For example, Nesdale and Rule concluded that children were capable of considering
whether or not an aggressor’s action was justified by public duty: five year olds
reacted very differently to “Bonnie wrecks Arm’s pretend house” depending on
whether Bonnie did it “so somebody won’t fall over it” or because Bonnie wanted
“to make Ann feel bad”. Thus, a child of five begins to understand that certain
harmful actions, though intentional, can be justified; the constraints of moral
absolutism no longer solely guide their judgments.
Psychologists have determined that during kindergarten children learn to make
subtle distinctions involving harm. Darley observed that among-acts involving
unintentional harm, six-year-old children just entering kindergarten could not
differentiate between foreseeable, and thus preventable, harm and unforeseeable
harm for which the perpetrator cannot be blamed. Seven months later, however,
Darley found that these same children could make both distinctions, thus
demonstrating that they had become morally autonomous.
According to the passage, Keasey’s findings support which of the following
conclusions about six-year-old children?
A ： They have the ability to make autonomous moral judgments.
B ： They regard moral absolutism as a threat to their moral autonomy.
C ： They do not understand the concept of public duty.
D ： They accept moral judgments made by their peers more easily than do older
children.
正确答案： A
解析：
由第一段结尾children…advance into the second stage of…moral autonomy可知，
在Keasey所说的年龄，即6岁时，儿童就有了自己做出道德判断的能力。
95 、 不定项选择题
Print books may be under siege from the rise of e-books, but they have a tenacious
hold on a particular group: children and toddlers. Their parents are insisting this next
generation of readers spend their early years with old-fashioned books. This is the
case even with parents who themselves are die-hard downloaders of books onto
Kindles, iPads, laptops and phones. They freely acknowledge their digital double
standard, saying they want their children to be surrounded by print books, toexperience turning physical pages as they learn about shapes, colors and animals.
Parents also say they like cuddling up with their child and a book, and fear that a
shiny gadget might get all the attention. Also, if little Joey is going to spit up, a book
may be easier to clean than a tablet computer.
As the adult book world turns digital at a faster rate than publishers expected,
sales of e-books for titles aimed at children under 8 have barely budged. They
represent less than 5 percent of total annual sales of children’s books, several
publishers estimated, compared with more than 25 percent in some categories of
adult books.
Many print books are bought as gifts, since the delights of an Amazon gift card
are lost on most 6-year-olds. Children’s books are also a bright spot for brick-and-
mortar bookstores, since parents often want to flip through an entire book before
buying it, something they usually cannot do with e-book browsing. A study
commissioned by HarperCollins in 2010 found that books bought for 3- to 7-year-olds
were frequently discovered at a local bookstore—38percent of the time.
And here is a question for a digital era debate: is anything lost by taking a picture
book and converting it to an e-book? Junko Yokota, a professor and director of the
Center for Teaching Through Children’s Books at National Louis University in
Chicago, thinks the answer is yes, because the shape and size of the book are often
part of the reading experience. Wider pages might be used to convey broad
landscapes, or a taller format might be chosen for stories about skyscrapers. Size and
shape “become part of the emotional experience, the intellectual experience.
There’s a lot you can’t standardize and stick into an electronic format,” said Ms.
Yokota, who has lectured on how to decide when a child’s book is best suited for
digital or print format.
Publishers say they are gradually increasing the number of print picture books
that they are converting to digital format, even though it is time—consuming and
expensive, and developers have been busy creating interactive children’s book
apps. While the entry of new tablet devices from Barnes&Noble and Amazon this fall
is expected to increase the demand for children’s e-books, several publishers said
they suspected that many parents would still prefer the print versions.
“There’s definitely a predisposition to print,” said Jon Yaged, president and
publisher of Macmillan Children’s Publishing Group. “And the parents are the
same folks who will have no qualms about buying an e-book for themselves,” he
added.
That is the ease in the home of Ari Wallach, a tech-obsessed New York
entrepreneur who helps companies update their technology. He himself reads on
Kindle, iPad and iPhone, but the room of his twin girls is packed with only print
books. “I know I’m a Luddite on this, but there’s something very personal about
a book and not one of one thousand files on an iPad, something that’s connected
and emotional, something I grew up with and that l want them to grow up with,” he
said. “I recognize that when they are my age, it’ll be difficult to find a’ dead-tree
book,” he added. “That being said, I feel that learning with books is as important a
rite of passage as learning to eat with utensils and being potty-trained.”
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the advantages of the print books in the
passage?
A ： s part of the emotional and intellectual experience, the shape and size of the
book cannot be adapted in an e-book.
B ： There is a lot you can’t standardize and stick into an electronic format.C ： There’s something personal about a book and not one of any files in a
computer.
D ： Print books are better to children’s health than the digital format.
正确答案： D
解析：
A、B选项在文中第四段出现，均为文中原句。C选项在文中倒数第二段出现，与原文基
本相同。而原文并没有提到纸质书籍对孩子更健康，因此D选项是本题答案。
96 、 不定项选择题
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful
actions committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent
research into the moral development of children. Until recently, child psychologists
supported pioneer developmentalist Jean Piaget in his hypothesis that because of
their immaturity, children under age seven do not take into account the intentions of
a person committing accidental or deliberate harm, but rather simply assign
punishment for transgressions on the basis of the magnitude of the negative
consequences caused. According to Piaget, children under age seven occupy the first
stage of moral development, which is characterized by moral absolutism (rules made
by authorities must be obeyed) and imminent justice (if rules are broken, punishment
will be meted out). Until young children mature, their moral judgments are based
entirely on the effect rather than the cause of a transgression. However, in recent
research, Keasey found that six-year-old children not only distinguish between
accidental and intentional harm, but also judge intentional harm as naughtier,
regardless of the amount of damage produced. Both of these findings seem to
indicate that children, at an earlier age than Piaget claimed, advance into the second
stage of moral development, moral autonomy, in which they accept social rules but
view them as more arbitrary than do children in the first stage.
Keasey’s research raises two key questions for developmental psychologists
about children under age seven: do they recognize justifications for harmful actions,
and do they make distinctions between harmful acts that are preventable and those
acts that have unforeseen harmful consequences? Studies indicate that justifications
excusing harmful actions might include?public?duty, self-defense, and provocation.
For example, Nesdale and Rule concluded that children were capable of considering
whether or not an aggressor’s action was justified by public duty: five year olds
reacted very differently to “Bonnie wrecks Arm’s pretend house” depending on
whether Bonnie did it “so somebody won’t fall over it” or because Bonnie wanted
“to make Ann feel bad”. Thus, a child of five begins to understand that certain
harmful actions, though intentional, can be justified; the constraints of moral
absolutism no longer solely guide their judgments.
Psychologists have determined that during kindergarten children learn to make
subtle distinctions involving harm. Darley observed that among-acts involving
unintentional harm, six-year-old children just entering kindergarten could not
differentiate between foreseeable, and thus preventable, harm and unforeseeable
harm for which the perpetrator cannot be blamed. Seven months later, however,
Darley found that these same children could make both distinctions, thus
demonstrating that they had become morally autonomous.It can be inferred that the term “public?duty” (pra.2), in the context of the passage,
means which of the following?
A ： The necessity to apprehend perpetrators
B ： The responsibility to punish transgressors
C ： An obligation to prevent harm to another
D ： The assignment of punishment for harmful action
正确答案： C
解析：
由下文可知，“public duty”意指保护他人不受伤害的责任。
97 、 不定项选择题
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful
actions committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent
research into the moral development of children. Until recently, child psychologists
supported pioneer developmentalist Jean Piaget in his hypothesis that because of
their immaturity, children under age seven do not take into account the intentions of
a person committing accidental or deliberate harm, but rather simply assign
punishment for transgressions on the basis of the magnitude of the negative
consequences caused. According to Piaget, children under age seven occupy the first
stage of moral development, which is characterized by moral absolutism (rules made
by authorities must be obeyed) and imminent justice (if rules are broken, punishment
will be meted out). Until young children mature, their moral judgments are based
entirely on the effect rather than the cause of a transgression. However, in recent
research, Keasey found that six-year-old children not only distinguish between
accidental and intentional harm, but also judge intentional harm as naughtier,
regardless of the amount of damage produced. Both of these findings seem to
indicate that children, at an earlier age than Piaget claimed, advance into the second
stage of moral development, moral autonomy, in which they accept social rules but
view them as more arbitrary than do children in the first stage.
Keasey’s research raises two key questions for developmental psychologists
about children under age seven: do they recognize justifications for harmful actions,
and do they make distinctions between harmful acts that are preventable and those
acts that have unforeseen harmful consequences? Studies indicate that justifications
excusing harmful actions might include?public?duty, self-defense, and provocation.
For example, Nesdale and Rule concluded that children were capable of considering
whether or not an aggressor’s action was justified by public duty: five year olds
reacted very differently to “Bonnie wrecks Arm’s pretend house” depending on
whether Bonnie did it “so somebody won’t fall over it” or because Bonnie wanted
“to make Ann feel bad”. Thus, a child of five begins to understand that certain
harmful actions, though intentional, can be justified; the constraints of moral
absolutism no longer solely guide their judgments.
Psychologists have determined that during kindergarten children learn to make
subtle distinctions involving harm. Darley observed that among-acts involving
unintentional harm, six-year-old children just entering kindergarten could not
differentiate between foreseeable, and thus preventable, harm and unforeseeableharm for which the perpetrator cannot be blamed. Seven months later, however,
Darley found that these same children could make both distinctions, thus
demonstrating that they had become morally autonomous.
Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?
A ： n outline for future research
B ： An expanded definition of commonly misunderstood terms
C ： An analysis of a dispute between two theories
D ： A discussion of research findings in an ongoing inquiry
正确答案： D
解析：
文章列举Piaget，Keasey，Nesdale，Rule，Darley等人的研究结果，对儿童的是非判别
能力这一议题进行讨论。
98 、 不定项选择题
“Popular art” has a number of meanings, impossible to define with any precision,
which range from folklore to junk. The poles are clear enough, but the middle tends
to blur. The Hollywood Western of the 1930’s, for example, has elements of
folklore, but is closer to junk than to high art or folk art. There can be great trash, just
as there is bad high art. The musicals of George Gershwin are great popular art,
never aspiring to high art. Schubert and Brahms, however, used elements of popular
music—folk themes—in works clearly intended as high art. The case of Verdi is a
different one: he took a popular genre—bourgeois melodrama set to music (an
accurate definition of nineteenth-century opera)—and, without altering its
fundamental nature, transmuted it into high art. This remains one of the greatest
achievements in music, and one that cannot be fully appreciated without recognizing
the essential trashiness of the genre.
As an example of such a transmutation, consider what Verdi made of the typical
political elements of nineteenth-century opera. Generally in the plots of these operas,
a hero or heroine—usually portrayed only as an individual, unfettered by class—is
caught between the immoral corruption of the aristocracy and the doctrinaire rigidity
or secret greed of the leaders of the proletariat. Verdi transforms this naive and
unlikely formulation with music of extraordinary energy and rhythmic vitality, music
more subtle than it seems at first hearing. There are scenes and arias that still sound
like calls to arms and were clearly understood as such when they were first
performed. Such pieces lend an immediacy to the otherwise veiled political message
of these operas and call up feelings beyond those of the opera itself.
Or consider Verdi’s treatment of character. Before Verdi, there were rarely any
characters at all in musical drama, only a series of situations which allowed the
singers to express a series of emotional states. Any attempt to find coherent
psychological portrayal in these operas is misplaced ingenuity. The only coherence
was the singer’s vocal technique: when the cast changed, new arias were almost
always substituted, generally adapted from other operas. Verdi’s characters, on the
other hand, have genuine consistency and integrity, even if, in many cases, the
consistency is that of pasteboard melodrama. The integrity of the character isachieved through the music: once he had become established, Verdi did not rewrite
his music for different singers or countenance alterations or substitutions of
somebody else’s arias in one of his operas, as every eighteenth-century composer
had done. When he revised an opera, it was only for dramatic economy and
effectiveness.
According to the passage, the immediacy of the political message in Verdi’s operas
stems from the _____.
A ： vitality and subtlety of the music
B ： audience’s familiarity with earlier operas
C ： verisimilitude of the characters
D ： individual talents of the singers
正确答案： A
解析：
可以将答案定位到第二段的后三句，B、D两项在文中均没有提及，C项内容属于文章第
三段的内容，与题干无直接关系，因此只有A项与文中描述贴切，符合题目要求。
99 、 不定项选择题
Print books may be under siege from the rise of e-books, but they have a tenacious
hold on a particular group: children and toddlers. Their parents are insisting this next
generation of readers spend their early years with old-fashioned books. This is the
case even with parents who themselves are die-hard downloaders of books onto
Kindles, iPads, laptops and phones. They freely acknowledge their digital double
standard, saying they want their children to be surrounded by print books, to
experience turning physical pages as they learn about shapes, colors and animals.
Parents also say they like cuddling up with their child and a book, and fear that a
shiny gadget might get all the attention. Also, if little Joey is going to spit up, a book
may be easier to clean than a tablet computer.
As the adult book world turns digital at a faster rate than publishers expected,
sales of e-books for titles aimed at children under 8 have barely budged. They
represent less than 5 percent of total annual sales of children’s books, several
publishers estimated, compared with more than 25 percent in some categories of
adult books.
Many print books are bought as gifts, since the delights of an Amazon gift card
are lost on most 6-year-olds. Children’s books are also a bright spot for brick-and-
mortar bookstores, since parents often want to flip through an entire book before
buying it, something they usually cannot do with e-book browsing. A study
commissioned by HarperCollins in 2010 found that books bought for 3- to 7-year-olds
were frequently discovered at a local bookstore—38percent of the time.
And here is a question for a digital era debate: is anything lost by taking a picture
book and converting it to an e-book? Junko Yokota, a professor and director of the
Center for Teaching Through Children’s Books at National Louis University in
Chicago, thinks the answer is yes, because the shape and size of the book are often
part of the reading experience. Wider pages might be used to convey broad
landscapes, or a taller format might be chosen for stories about skyscrapers. Size andshape “become part of the emotional experience, the intellectual experience.
There’s a lot you can’t standardize and stick into an electronic format,” said Ms.
Yokota, who has lectured on how to decide when a child’s book is best suited for
digital or print format.
Publishers say they are gradually increasing the number of print picture books
that they are converting to digital format, even though it is time—consuming and
expensive, and developers have been busy creating interactive children’s book
apps. While the entry of new tablet devices from Barnes&Noble and Amazon this fall
is expected to increase the demand for children’s e-books, several publishers said
they suspected that many parents would still prefer the print versions.
“There’s definitely a predisposition to print,” said Jon Yaged, president and
publisher of Macmillan Children’s Publishing Group. “And the parents are the
same folks who will have no qualms about buying an e-book for themselves,” he
added.
That is the ease in the home of Ari Wallach, a tech-obsessed New York
entrepreneur who helps companies update their technology. He himself reads on
Kindle, iPad and iPhone, but the room of his twin girls is packed with only print
books. “I know I’m a Luddite on this, but there’s something very personal about
a book and not one of one thousand files on an iPad, something that’s connected
and emotional, something I grew up with and that l want them to grow up with,” he
said. “I recognize that when they are my age, it’ll be difficult to find a’ dead-tree
book,” he added. “That being said, I feel that learning with books is as important a
rite of passage as learning to eat with utensils and being potty-trained.”
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as the reasons for
parents’ preference to print books?
A ： They want their children to experience turning physical pages as they learn
about shapes, colors and animals.
B ： They like cuddling up with their child and a book, and fear that a shiny gadget
might get all the attention.
C ： hildren enjoy reading print books compared with digital versions.
D ： Print books are easier to clean than electronic devices.
正确答案： C
解析：
文章第一段提到“their parents are insisting this next generation of readers”在他们
幼年的时候应该阅读“old-fashioned books”，并接着说明了父母这种“preference”
的原因。其中A，B，D选项均为文中原句，可以排除。所以C选项为本题答案。
100 、 不定项选择题
What is the charm of necklaces? Why would anyone put something extra around her
neck and then invest it with special significance? A necklace doesn’t afford warmth
in cold weather, like a scarf, or protection in combat, like chain mail; it only
decorates. We might say it borrows meaning from what it surrounds and sets off: the
head with its supremely important material contents, and the face, that register of
the soul. When photograph reduces the reality it represents, they mention not only
the passage from three dimensions to two, but also the selection of a?point duvue?favors the top of the body rather than the bottom and the front rather than the
back. The face is the jewel in the crown of the body, and so we give it a setting.
When people are intensely concerned with something that is obviously
impractical, anthropologists take note, for lovely useless things often express archaic
to exist in contemporary American houses already heated by gas and electricity, yet
most people want one and it is still the focus of the living room. This desire testifies, I
think, to the hundreds of thousands of years during which we Homo sapiens huddled
around a cave fire. We watch ourselves, rather anxiously, vanish backward down
those lone temporary corridors, as my daughter gazes at her infinitely multiplied
small self in the mutually opposed mirrors of the beauty salon, and wonders, is it
me? Our fireplaces and necklaces and tombstones say it is, they are.
In American culture, an interest in necklaces seems to be rather gender specific.
Many men to whom I mention the enterprise feign polite interest and then change
the subject, though I know some who admire, construct, and wear necklaces,
including the distinguished scientist and poet to whom this essay is dedicated. Most
women, by contrast, become mildly or wildly enthusiastic. A doctor in Blois brought
out her entire collection of costume jewelry for me, exhibited the most splendid
pieces with an account of where and when they were purchased, and then explain
them all with the help of a large glossy book on the history of costume jewelry, with
dozens of pictures. A former student of mine who had moved to California mailed me
six plastic boxes full of beads gleaned from a warehouse managed by an eccentric
friend who just their settings; a feature bead painted with a naked lady; crystal
roundels of truly exceptional shine; and tiny silver hematite seed beads. Beads lend
themselves to exchange, Beads travel. And clearly these two facts are related.
Lovely useless things, according to the author, serve the purpose of _____.
A ： decorating the house
B ： showing off one’s artistic taste
C ： reminding people of things past
D ： revealing one’s tendency to waste money
正确答案： A
解析：
根据文中第二段第一句话，“lovely useless things often express archaic to exist in
contemporary American houses already heated by gas and electricity, yet most
people want one and it is still the focus of the living room”可知，这些可爱的无用的
小物件可以为住房增加一些古韵，目的还是装饰房子，故选A。
