新SAT阅读必读的50篇美国核心建国文档和历史文献

新SAT阅读的“建国文档和历史研究”推荐核心文章选读（连载1）

新SAT阅读要求学生在65分钟内完成6篇文章共52道题。这6篇文章主要分为这三大类：“文学”、“历史与社会研究”和“自然科学”，每文篇幅500-700字不等。其中，文学类题材占1篇，10-11道题；历史与社会研究占2-3篇，共21题；自然科学类占2-3篇，共21道题。而“历史与社会研究”这一主题又主要包含两类话题：“建国文档和全球性对话”、“社会科学”。总6篇文章中，其中有4篇是单篇长文，有两篇是长对比。

关于其中的重要组成：建国文档与全球性对话

这对于新SAT阅读来说是一个全新的主题。每套题中必有一篇，文章篇幅500-700字，可能是单篇阅读也可能是双长篇。大概占到20%的题目。

SAT似乎在刻意回避过去的“无背景阅读”原则。例如，如果不知道美国国会的构成和职能，不知道“TheFederal Convention”是怎么回事，没学过美国宪法，没读过“TheFederalist Papers”，不知道Hamilton和WoodrowWilson是谁，他们各自在美国历史上有什么重要地位等等，要读懂例文“BarbaraJordan Speech”是很难的。而这些知识，与美国高中的常规学习密切相关。在一般的美国高中，《美国历史》是必修，《美国政府》也是必修。在这些课程中，美国学生了解美国作为一个国家的形成过程、讨论不同的事件发生的起因、不同人物和政策的是非对错，慢慢形成自己的世界观价值观。

需要背景知识才能读懂原文。与以往脱离日常课程教学的形象不同，CollegeBoard(即美国大学理事会)努力地把SAT与学校常规学习关联起来，鼓励学生通过长期的课程学习为SAT做准备。与“建国文档与全球性对话”这个主题相关的课程至少应该包括：《美国历史》、《美国政府》、《世界历史》等。

对于大部分中国学生来说，新增加的这个20%并不是一个好消息。首先，大部分中国学生的美国史知识都比较薄弱，即使选修过，通常也只是些浅尝则止的信息获取，很少会涉及到诸如“TheFederalist Papers”的细节知识，更别说讨论了。不经学习和讨论，要有深刻认识是很难的。其次，即使学生愿意学，一时间也很难找到这么多对美国和世界历史了若指掌的老师。所以，这一类文章很可能会成为未来中国学生学习SAT的一大障碍。

以下是为大家推荐的一本可以做为备考进行精读的一本书，书里面推荐了50篇重要核心文章。

以下是这本书里包含的50个文章，及相关介绍。

1. Declaration of Independence 独立宣言

July 4, 1776

2.Memorial and RemonstranceAgainst Religious Assessments

by James Madison | June 20, 1785

3.Virginia Statute for ReligiousFreedom

by Thomas Jefferson | January 16,1786

4.Notes of Debates in the FederalConvention of 1787

by James Madison | 1787

5.Constitution of the UnitedStates

September 17, 1787

6.Brutus I

by Brutus | October 18, 1787

7.The Federalist No. 1

by Publius (Alexander Hamilton) |October 27, 1787

8.Brutus II

by Brutus | November 1, 1787

9.The Federalist No. 10

by Publius (James Madison) |November 22, 1787

10.The Federalist No. 51

by Publius (James Madison) |February 6, 1788

11.Speech on Amendments to theConstitution

by James Madison | June 8, 1789

12.Letter to the HebrewCongregation at Newport

by George Washington | August 18,1790

13.Bill of Rights

December 15, 1791

14.”Property”

by James Madison | March 29, 1792

15.Farewell Address

by George Washington | September19, 1796

16.First Inaugural Address

by Thomas Jefferson | March 4,1801

17.Marbury v. Madison

by Supreme Court of the UnitedStates (5 U.S. 137) | February 24, 1803

18.Letter to John Holmes

by Thomas Jefferson | April 22,1820

19.Monroe Doctrine

by James Monroe | December 2,1823

20.Letter to Henry Lee

by Thomas Jefferson | May 8, 1825

21.Letter to Roger C. Weightman

by Thomas Jefferson | June 24,1826

22.The Webster-Hayne Debates

by Daniel Webster and Robert Y.Hayne | January 1830

23.Fort Hill Address

by John C. Calhoun | July 26, 1831

24.Veto Message of the Bill onthe Bank of the United States

by Andrew Jackson | July 10, 1832

25.Proclamation RegardingNullification

by Andrew Jackson | December 10,1832

26.Speech on the Oregon Bill

by John C. Calhoun | June 27,1848

27.”What to the Slave Is theFourth of July?”

by Frederick Douglass | July 5,1852

28.Speech on the Repeal of theMissouri Compromise

by Abraham Lincoln | October 16,1854

29.Dred Scott v. Sandford

by Supreme Court of the UnitedStates (60 U.S. 393) | March 6, 1857

30.Fragment on the Constitutionand Union

by Abraham Lincoln | January 1861

31.”Corner Stone”Speech

by Alexander H. Stephens | March21, 1861

32.Final EmancipationProclamation

by Abraham Lincoln | January 1,1863

33.Gettysburg Address

by Abraham Lincoln | November 19,1863

34.Resolution Submitting theThirteenth Amendment to the States

by Abraham Lincoln | February 1,1865

35.Second Inaugural Address

by Abraham Lincoln | March 4,1865

36.Oration in Memory of AbrahamLincoln

by Frederick Douglass | April 14,1876

37.Plessy v. Ferguson

by Supreme Court of the UnitedStates (163 U.S. 537) | May 18, 1896

38.Roosevelt Corollary to MonroeDoctrine

by Theodore Roosevelt | December06, 1904

39.New Nationalism Speech

by Theodore Roosevelt | August31, 1910

40.Progressive Party Platform of1912

August 7, 1912

41.”Fourteen Points”Message

by Woodrow Wilson | January 8,1918

42.Speech on the 150thAnniversary of the Declaration of Independence

by Calvin Coolidge | July 5, 1926

43.Commonwealth Club Address

by Franklin D. Roosevelt |September 23, 1932

44.Speech on the Consequences ofthe Proposed New Deal

by Herbert Hoover | October 31,1932

45.1944 State of the UnionAddress

by Franklin D. Roosevelt |January 11, 1944

46.The Long Telegram

by George Kennan | February 22,1946

47.Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka I and II

by Supreme Court of the UnitedStates (347 U.S. 483) | May 17, 1954

48.”I Have a Dream”Speech

by Martin Luther King, Jr. |August 28, 1963

49.”Great Society”Speech

by Lyndon B. Johnson | May 22,1964

50.”A Time for Choosing”

by Ronald Reagan | October 27,1964

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