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中小学英语语法知识点大全(可直接打印)

中小学英语语法知识点大全(可直接打印)

一、名词

1.分类:

可数名词:单数、复数

不可数名词:food, water, milk, bread, news, advice, information 等

2.复数变化规则

●一般加 s:book-books

●s/x/ch/sh 结尾加 es:box-boxes, watch-watches

●辅音字母+y → 变 y 为 i 加 es:city-cities

●f/fe 结尾常变 v再加es:leaf-leaves, knife-knives

●不规则:man-men, woman-women, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth

3.名词所有格

●单数:’s → Tom’s book

●复数:s’ → the teachers’ office

●共同所有:A and B’s

各自所有:A’s and B’s

二、代词

1. 人称代词

主格:I, you, he, she, it, we, they(作主语,放句首)

宾格:me, you, him, her, it, us, them(动后、介后)

2. 物主代词

●形容词性:my, your, his, her, its, our, their(后+名词)

●名词性:mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs(单独用)

3. 反身代词:myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

常用:enjoy oneself, help oneself to, by oneself, teach oneself

4. 不定代词

some 用于肯定,any 用于否定/疑问;

something,anything,nothing,everything;

each,every,both,either,neither,all,none。

三、冠词

1.a/an:泛指一个

●a 用于辅音音素开头:a book, a university

an 用于元音音素开头:an apple, an hour, an honest boy

2.the:特指

●世上独一无二:the sun, the moon

●序数词、最高级前:the first, the best

乐器前:play the piano

3.零冠词

●球类、三餐、学科、人名、地名前

●by + 交通工具:by bus, by bike

四、数词

1.基数词:one, two…

2.序数词

●1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 8th, 9th, 12th

●整十变 y 为 ie 加 th:twenty-twentieth

3.分数:分子基,分母序;分子>1,序加 s

●1/3 one third,2/3 two thirds

4.日期、年龄、编号

●in the 1990s 在20世纪90年代

●in one’s twenties 在某人二十多岁

五、介词

时间:in 年月季节,on 具体某天,at 几点

方位:in the tree 在树上(外来物),on the tree(长在树上)

●in front of / in the front of

●between 两者,among 三者以上

●be good at, look after, listen to, arrive in/at

六、连词

●and 并且;和,but 转折,or 否则/或者,so 所以

●both…and… 两者都

●not only…but also… 不但…而且…

●either…or… 要么…要么…

●neither…nor… 既不…也不…

●because 原因,so 结果(不能连用)

七、形容词&副词

1.形容词:修饰名词,放名词前/系动词后

2.系动词:be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, become, get

3.副词:修饰动词、形容词、全句,一般 ly 结尾

4.三级变化

●原级、比较级、最高级

●加 er/est;以 e 结尾直接加 r/st;重读闭音节双写;y 变 i 加 er/est

●不规则:good/well-better-best;bad-worse-worst;many/much-more-most

4.句型

●as + 原级 + as

●比较级 + than

●比较级 and 比较级:越来越…

●the + 比较级,the + 比较级:越…越…

八、动词分类与时态

1. 动词分类:实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词

2. 情态动词

can, could, may, must, should, need

must 提问否定用 needn’t;

mustn’t 严禁;can’t 不可能。

3. 中考五大时态

1.一般现在时

●标志:often, usually, always, every day

●结构:主+动/动三单

●三单:动词+s/es

2.一般过去时

●标志:yesterday, last…, …ago, just now

●结构:主语+动词过去式

●规则:ed;不规则要背(go-went, eat-ate 等)

3.一般将来时

●will + 动原 / be going to + 动原

●标志:tomorrow, next…, in the future

4.现在进行时

●am/is/are + doing

●标志:now, look, listen

5.现在完成时

●have/has + 过去分词

●标志:already, yet, ever, never, since, for, so far

九、非谓语动词(动名词&不定式)

1.to do(表目的、将来)

●want to do, hope to do, decide to do, plan to do, tell sb to do, ask sb to do

2.doing(表正在、习惯)

●like doing, enjoy doing, finish doing, practice doing, mind doing,

●be good at doing, look forward to doing

3.省 to

●let/make/have sb do

●hear/see sb do

十、被动语态

结构:be + 过去分词

一般现在:am/is/are done

一般过去:was/were done

情态被动:情态 + be done

主动:people grow tea

被动:tea is grown by people

十一、主谓一致

●单数主语用单数动词

●复数主语用复数动词

●either…or… 就近原则

●there be 句型就近

十二、简单句五大基本句型

1.主+谓

2.主+谓+宾

3.主+谓+双宾

4.主+谓+宾+宾补

5.主+系+表

十三、复合句(中考重点)

1. 宾语从句

引导词:that/if/whether/what/who/where等

语序:陈述语序(主+谓)

时态

主句现在,从句随便;

主句过去,从句过去;

客观真理用一般现在。

2. 状语从句

时间:when, while, before, after, until, as soon as

条件:if, unless

原因:because

结果:so…that, such…that

主将从现:主句将来,从句一般现在

3. 定语从句

●that 人/物,which 物,who 人

十四、情景交际(常考)

●问候、感谢、道歉、请求、建议、打电话、购物、看病、问路

●常考:

●Could you…? — Sure./Of course.

●Sorry. — It doesn’t matter.

●Thank you. — You’re welcome.

●How do you like…? — What do you think of…?

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