中小学英语语法知识点大全(可直接打印)
一、名词
1.分类:
可数名词:单数、复数
●不可数名词:food, water, milk, bread, news, advice, information 等
2.复数变化规则
●一般加 s:book-books
●s/x/ch/sh 结尾加 es:box-boxes, watch-watches
●辅音字母+y → 变 y 为 i 加 es:city-cities
●f/fe 结尾常变 v再加es:leaf-leaves, knife-knives
●不规则:man-men, woman-women, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth
3.名词所有格
●单数:’s → Tom’s book
●复数:s’ → the teachers’ office
●共同所有:A and B’s
●各自所有:A’s and B’s
二、代词
1. 人称代词
●主格:I, you, he, she, it, we, they(作主语,放句首)
●宾格:me, you, him, her, it, us, them(动后、介后)
2. 物主代词
●形容词性:my, your, his, her, its, our, their(后+名词)
●名词性:mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs(单独用)
3. 反身代词:myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
常用:enjoy oneself, help oneself to, by oneself, teach oneself
4. 不定代词
some 用于肯定,any 用于否定/疑问;
something,anything,nothing,everything;
each,every,both,either,neither,all,none。
三、冠词
1.a/an:泛指一个
●a 用于辅音音素开头:a book, a university
●an 用于元音音素开头:an apple, an hour, an honest boy
2.the:特指
●世上独一无二:the sun, the moon
●序数词、最高级前:the first, the best
●乐器前:play the piano
3.零冠词
●球类、三餐、学科、人名、地名前
●by + 交通工具:by bus, by bike
四、数词
1.基数词:one, two…
2.序数词:
●1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 8th, 9th, 12th
●整十变 y 为 ie 加 th:twenty-twentieth
3.分数:分子基,分母序;分子>1,序加 s
●1/3 one third,2/3 two thirds
4.日期、年龄、编号
●in the 1990s 在20世纪90年代
●in one’s twenties 在某人二十多岁
五、介词
●时间:in 年月季节,on 具体某天,at 几点
●方位:in the tree 在树上(外来物),on the tree(长在树上)
●in front of / in the front of
●between 两者,among 三者以上
●be good at, look after, listen to, arrive in/at
六、连词
●and 并且;和,but 转折,or 否则/或者,so 所以
●both…and… 两者都
●not only…but also… 不但…而且…
●either…or… 要么…要么…
●neither…nor… 既不…也不…
●because 原因,so 结果(不能连用)
七、形容词&副词
1.形容词:修饰名词,放名词前/系动词后
2.系动词:be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, become, get
3.副词:修饰动词、形容词、全句,一般 ly 结尾
4.三级变化
●原级、比较级、最高级
●加 er/est;以 e 结尾直接加 r/st;重读闭音节双写;y 变 i 加 er/est
●不规则:good/well-better-best;bad-worse-worst;many/much-more-most
4.句型
●as + 原级 + as
●比较级 + than
●比较级 and 比较级:越来越…
●the + 比较级,the + 比较级:越…越…
八、动词分类与时态
1. 动词分类:实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词
2. 情态动词
can, could, may, must, should, need
must 提问否定用 needn’t;
mustn’t 严禁;can’t 不可能。
3. 中考五大时态
1.一般现在时
●标志:often, usually, always, every day
●结构:主+动/动三单
●三单:动词+s/es
2.一般过去时
●标志:yesterday, last…, …ago, just now
●结构:主语+动词过去式
●规则:ed;不规则要背(go-went, eat-ate 等)
3.一般将来时
●will + 动原 / be going to + 动原
●标志:tomorrow, next…, in the future
4.现在进行时
●am/is/are + doing
●标志:now, look, listen
5.现在完成时
●have/has + 过去分词
●标志:already, yet, ever, never, since, for, so far
九、非谓语动词(动名词&不定式)
1.to do(表目的、将来)
●want to do, hope to do, decide to do, plan to do, tell sb to do, ask sb to do
2.doing(表正在、习惯)
●like doing, enjoy doing, finish doing, practice doing, mind doing,
●be good at doing, look forward to doing
3.省 to
●let/make/have sb do
●hear/see sb do
十、被动语态
●结构:be + 过去分词
●一般现在:am/is/are done
●一般过去:was/were done
●情态被动:情态 + be done
●主动:people grow tea
●被动:tea is grown by people
十一、主谓一致
●单数主语用单数动词
●复数主语用复数动词
●either…or… 就近原则
●there be 句型就近
十二、简单句五大基本句型
1.主+谓
2.主+谓+宾
3.主+谓+双宾
4.主+谓+宾+宾补
5.主+系+表
十三、复合句(中考重点)
1. 宾语从句
●引导词:that/if/whether/what/who/where等
●语序:陈述语序(主+谓)
●时态:
主句现在,从句随便;
主句过去,从句过去;
客观真理用一般现在。
2. 状语从句
●时间:when, while, before, after, until, as soon as
●条件:if, unless
●原因:because
●结果:so…that, such…that
●主将从现:主句将来,从句一般现在
3. 定语从句
●that 人/物,which 物,who 人
十四、情景交际(常考)
●问候、感谢、道歉、请求、建议、打电话、购物、看病、问路
●常考:
●Could you…? — Sure./Of course.
●Sorry. — It doesn’t matter.
●Thank you. — You’re welcome.
●How do you like…? — What do you think of…?
夜雨聆风
