ASME 第 IX 卷 – WPS 与 PQR 检查清单(第01部分)| QW-402 至 QW-407

ASME Section IX – WPS & PQR Checklist (Part 01) | QW-402 to QW-407
ASME 第 IX 卷 – WPS 与 PQR 检查清单(第01部分)| QW-402 至 QW-407
In welding qualification, one of the most common questions is:
在焊接工艺评定中,最常见的问题之一是:
❓ “If I change something in the WPS, will requalification be required?”
❓ “如果我更改了WPS中的某些内容,是否需要重新评定?”
❓ “Which variables are essential and which are not?”
❓ “哪些变素是重要的,哪些不是?”
That’s where ASME Section IX becomes extremely important — especially the proper understanding of Variables.
这正是ASME第IX卷变得极其重要的地方——尤其是对变素的正确理解。
✅ ASME Section IX – Meaning of Variables
✅ ASME 第 IX 卷 – 变素的含义
🔴 Essential Variables (E)
🔴 重要变素
➡️ Any change requires PQR requalification
➡️ 任何变更都需要重新评定PQR
🟡 Supplementary Essential Variables (S)
🟡 补充重要变素
➡️ Applicable when impact testing (toughness) is required
➡️ 当要求进行冲击试验时适用
🟢 Non-Essential Variables (N)
🟢 非重要变素
➡️ Changes are allowed, but the WPS must be updated
➡️ 允许变更,但必须更新WPS
📌 Part 01 Checklist
📌 第01部分 检查清单
🔹 QW-402 – Joint Design (Mostly N)
🔹 QW-402 – 接头设计
Typical joint design changes are mostly Non-Essential, such as:
典型的接头设计变更大多是非重要变素,例如:
Groove design
坡口设计
Backing
垫板
Root spacing
根部间隙
Retainers
保留垫板
⚠️ However, backing material chemical composition can become important depending on the service and process.
⚠️ 然而,根据工况和工艺的不同,垫板的化学成分可能会变得重要。
🔹 QW-403 – Base Metal (Mostly E + S)
🔹 QW-403 – 母材
This is the core of WPS/PQR compliance.
这是WPS/PQR符合性的核心。
Essential (E)
重要变素
P-Number change
P-No. 变更
Group Number change
组号变更
P-Number / melt-in changes
P-No. / 熔入变更
Supplementary Essential (S) (Impact test cases)
补充重要变素(冲击试验情况)
Thickness limits related to toughness
与韧性相关的厚度限制
Qualified thickness restrictions
合格厚度限制
Special limitations (e.g., short circuit arc conditions)
特殊限制(例如,短路过渡条件)
➡️ Base metal mismatch is one of the biggest reasons for client or TPI rejection.
➡️ 母材不匹配是导致客户或第三方检验员拒收的最大原因之一。
🔹 QW-404 – Filler Metals (Mostly E + S)
🔹 QW-404 – 填充金属
Filler metal changes directly affect:
填充金属的变更直接影响:
Strength
强度
Chemistry
化学成分
Toughness
韧性
Crack sensitivity
裂纹敏感性
Essential (E)
重要变素
F-Number change
F-No. 变更
A-Number change (Ferrous only)
A-No. 变更(仅限铁基材料)
Electrode diameter (in certain cases)
焊条直径(在某些情况下)
SFA classification change
SFA 分类变更
Supplementary Essential (S)
补充重要变素
Flux type / composition
焊剂类型/成分
Alloy flux
合金焊剂
🔹 QW-405 – Positions (Mostly N)
🔹 QW-405 – 位置
Welding position changes are generally Non-Essential, but they strongly impact production quality and defect risk.
焊接位置的变更通常是非重要变素,但它们对生产质量和缺陷风险有很大影响。
🔹 QW-406 – Preheat (E / S)
🔹 QW-406 – 预热
Preheat controls:
预热控制着:
Cracking risk
开裂风险
HAZ hardness
热影响区硬度
Toughness performance
韧性表现
➡️ Preheat reduction is critical in thicker sections and alloy steels.
➡️ 在较厚截面和合金钢中,降低预热温度是关键变更。
🔹 QW-407 – PWHT (E / S)
🔹 QW-407 – 焊后热处理
PWHT changes are critical because they affect:
PWHT 变更是关键变更,因为它们影响:
Mechanical properties
力学性能
Hardness
硬度
Toughness
韧性
Service performance
服役表现
➡️ PWHT time and temperature changes can often trigger requalification.
➡️ PWHT 时间和温度的变更通常会导致重新评定。
💡 Why this checklist matters?
💡 为什么这个检查清单很重要?
Because even a small WPS change can lead to:
因为即使是WPS的一个小变更也可能导致:
❌ Requalification requirement
❌ 需要重新评定
❌ TPI / client rejection
❌ 被第三方检验员/客户拒收
❌ NCR generation
❌ 产生不符合项报告
❌ Delay in dispatch
❌ 发货延迟
❌ Increased project cost
❌ 项目成本增加
📌 Part 02 coming soon (QW-408, QW-409, QW-410 and more)
📌 第02部分即将推出(QW-408、QW-409、QW-410 及更多)
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