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ASME 第 IX 卷 – WPS 与 PQR 检查清单(第01部分)| QW-402 至 QW-407

ASME 第 IX 卷 – WPS 与 PQR 检查清单(第01部分)| QW-402 至 QW-407

ASME Section IX – WPS & PQR Checklist (Part 01) | QW-402 to QW-407

ASME 第 IX 卷 – WPS 与 PQR 检查清单(第01部分)| QW-402 至 QW-407

In welding qualification, one of the most common questions is:

在焊接工艺评定中,最常见的问题之一是:

❓ “If I change something in the WPS, will requalification be required?”

❓ “如果我更改了WPS中的某些内容,是否需要重新评定?”

❓ “Which variables are essential and which are not?”

❓ “哪些变素是重要的,哪些不是?”

That’s where ASME Section IX becomes extremely important — especially the proper understanding of Variables.

这正是ASME第IX卷变得极其重要的地方——尤其是对变素的正确理解。

✅ ASME Section IX – Meaning of Variables

✅ ASME 第 IX 卷 – 变素的含义

🔴 Essential Variables (E)

🔴 重要变素

➡️ Any change requires PQR requalification

➡️ 任何变更都需要重新评定PQR

🟡 Supplementary Essential Variables (S)

🟡 补充重要变素

➡️ Applicable when impact testing (toughness) is required

➡️ 当要求进行冲击试验时适用

🟢 Non-Essential Variables (N)

🟢 非重要变素

➡️ Changes are allowed, but the WPS must be updated

➡️ 允许变更,但必须更新WPS

📌 Part 01 Checklist

📌 第01部分 检查清单

🔹 QW-402 – Joint Design (Mostly N)

🔹 QW-402 – 接头设计

Typical joint design changes are mostly Non-Essential, such as:

典型的接头设计变更大多是非重要变素,例如:

Groove design

坡口设计

Backing

垫板

Root spacing

根部间隙

Retainers

保留垫板

⚠️ However, backing material chemical composition can become important depending on the service and process.

⚠️ 然而,根据工况和工艺的不同,垫板的化学成分可能会变得重要。

🔹 QW-403 – Base Metal (Mostly E + S)

🔹 QW-403 – 母材

This is the core of WPS/PQR compliance.

这是WPS/PQR符合性的核心。

Essential (E)

重要变素

P-Number change

P-No. 变更

Group Number change

组号变更

P-Number / melt-in changes

P-No. / 熔入变更

Supplementary Essential (S) (Impact test cases)

补充重要变素(冲击试验情况)

Thickness limits related to toughness

与韧性相关的厚度限制

Qualified thickness restrictions

合格厚度限制

Special limitations (e.g., short circuit arc conditions)

特殊限制(例如,短路过渡条件)

➡️ Base metal mismatch is one of the biggest reasons for client or TPI rejection.

➡️ 母材不匹配是导致客户或第三方检验员拒收的最大原因之一。

🔹 QW-404 – Filler Metals (Mostly E + S)

🔹 QW-404 – 填充金属

Filler metal changes directly affect:

填充金属的变更直接影响:

Strength

强度

Chemistry

化学成分

Toughness

韧性

Crack sensitivity

裂纹敏感性

Essential (E)

重要变素

F-Number change

F-No. 变更

A-Number change (Ferrous only)

A-No. 变更(仅限铁基材料)

Electrode diameter (in certain cases)

焊条直径(在某些情况下)

SFA classification change

SFA 分类变更

Supplementary Essential (S)

补充重要变素

Flux type / composition

焊剂类型/成分

Alloy flux

合金焊剂

🔹 QW-405 – Positions (Mostly N)

🔹 QW-405 – 位置

Welding position changes are generally Non-Essential, but they strongly impact production quality and defect risk.

焊接位置的变更通常是非重要变素,但它们对生产质量和缺陷风险有很大影响。

🔹 QW-406 – Preheat (E / S)

🔹 QW-406 – 预热

Preheat controls:

预热控制着:

Cracking risk

开裂风险

HAZ hardness

热影响区硬度

Toughness performance

韧性表现

➡️ Preheat reduction is critical in thicker sections and alloy steels.

➡️ 在较厚截面和合金钢中,降低预热温度是关键变更。

🔹 QW-407 – PWHT (E / S)

🔹 QW-407 – 焊后热处理

PWHT changes are critical because they affect:

PWHT 变更是关键变更,因为它们影响:

Mechanical properties

力学性能

Hardness

硬度

Toughness

韧性

Service performance

服役表现

➡️ PWHT time and temperature changes can often trigger requalification.

➡️ PWHT 时间和温度的变更通常会导致重新评定。

💡 Why this checklist matters?

💡 为什么这个检查清单很重要?

Because even a small WPS change can lead to:

因为即使是WPS的一个小变更也可能导致:

❌ Requalification requirement

❌ 需要重新评定

❌ TPI / client rejection

❌ 被第三方检验员/客户拒收

❌ NCR generation

❌ 产生不符合项报告

❌ Delay in dispatch

❌ 发货延迟

❌ Increased project cost

❌ 项目成本增加

📌 Part 02 coming soon (QW-408, QW-409, QW-410 and more)

📌 第02部分即将推出(QW-408、QW-409、QW-410 及更多)

#ASME

#ASME

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#WPS

#焊接工艺规程

#PQR

#焊接工艺评定记录

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#质量保证/质量控制

#Inspection

#检验

#Fabrication

#制造

#PressureVessel

#压力容器

#Piping

#管道

#QualityControl

#质量控制

#Engineering

#工程

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本站文章均为手工撰写未经允许谢绝转载:夜雨聆风 » ASME 第 IX 卷 – WPS 与 PQR 检查清单(第01部分)| QW-402 至 QW-407

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