ARTICLE · 1015010
定语从句专题精讲及练习题
定语从句专题精讲及练习题 一、定语从句的定义 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，定语从句通常放在先行词之后。 引导词分为： 1.关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose 2. 关系副词：when, where, why 引导词既起到连接主句从句的作用，又在定语从句中充当句子成分。 例句1：The man who/that is standing there is my English teacher. 解析：who/that is standing there 为定语从句，修饰先行词the man；who/that在从句作主语。 例句2：I like the book which/that you lent me yesterday. 解析：which/that you lent me yesterday为定语从句，修饰先行词the book；which/that在从句作宾语。 ⚠️重要提醒：定语从句绝对不能用what引导。 二、关系代词的用法 （1）that ✅可指人、指物；在从句作主语或宾语；作宾语时可以省略。 1. 先行词为不定代词 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much，只能用that 2. 先行词被最高级、序数词修饰，只能用that 3. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰，只能用that 4. 先行词既有人又有物，只能用that 例句： - The boy that/who won the first prize is my brother.（作主语，不可省） - The book (that/which) I bought last week is very interesting.（作宾语，可省略） - Is there anything that I can do for you? - This is the best film that I have ever seen. - He is the only person that I want to talk to. - They talked about the people and the things that they remembered in the school. （2）which ✅指物；从句作主语、宾语；作宾语可以省略。 1. 非限制性定语从句（逗号隔开）指物，只用which，不能用that，不可省略 2. 介词+_先行词，指物只能用which，不能用that 例句： - The building which/that stands near the river is our school.（主语，不可省） - The fish (which/that) we bought this morning were not fresh.（宾语，可省） - The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.（非限制性） - This is the house in which I lived two years ago. （3）who / whom - who：指人，从句作主语 - whom：指人，从句作宾语；口语可用who替换；作宾语可省略；介词后面只能用whom 例句： - The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is a famous scientist.（who作主语） - The person (whom/who/that) you talked to just now is my uncle.（宾语可省） - The man to whom you spoke is a famous scientist.（介词后用whom） （4）whose ✅可指人，也可以指物，表示所属；在从句中作定语，后面必须接名词 whose +名词 = the +名词 + of which（指物） 例句： - The girl whose hair is long is my classmate.（指人） - This is the house whose windows face south. = This is the house the windows of which face south.（指物） 三、关系副词的用法 关系副词 = 介词 + which，在从句中作状语 （1）when 先行词为时间名词（time, day, year, moment…），从句作时间状语 - I still remember the day when I first came to this school. = I still remember the day on which I first came to this school. （2）where 先行词：地点名词；也可以是抽象地点 situation, point, case, stage，从句作地点状语 - This is the place where we once lived. = This is the place in which we once lived. - I have reached a point in my life where I need to make decisions by myself. （3）why 先行词一般是reason，从句作原因状语，= for which - Do you know the reason why he was late? = Do you know the reason for which he was late? 四、限制性定语从句 & 非限制性定语从句 1. 限制性定语从句：不可缺少，去掉后主句含义模糊，无逗号，可用that。 The man who lives next door is a teacher. 2. 非限制性定语从句：只做补充说明，删掉主句意思完整；有逗号隔开；不能用that；引导词不可省略。 My father, who is a doctor, works in a hospital. 五、介词+关系代词 介词三种选择依据： ①和先行词固定搭配；②和从句动词固定搭配；③根据句子含义。 ⚠️介词后：指物只用which；指人只用whom；不能用that 例句： - I will never forget the day on which I joined the army.（on the day） - This is the pen with which I wrote the letter.（write with pen） - The man about whom we are talking is a famous scientist.（talk about sb） 六、as引导定语从句 1. 限制性定语从句：搭配 the same…as；such…as；so…as This is the same book as I lost yesterday. Such people as you describe are rare nowadays. 2. 非限制性定语从句：as指代整件主句内容，翻译“正如”，位置可主句前、中、后。常用动词：know, see, say, report As we all know, the earth moves around the sun. 七、高频易错点 1. 关系代词作从句主语时，从句谓语和先行词保持数的一致 - The man who is standing there is my brother. - The books which are on the desk are mine. 2. one of +复数名词：先行词是复数名词，从句谓语复数 the only one of +复数名词：先行词是the only one，从句谓语单数 - He is one of the students who have passed the exam. - He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. 定语从句专项练习题 1.The girl ______ is singing an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 2.The doctor ______ you are looking for is in the room. A. whom B. which C. whose D. that 3.This is the factory ______ we visited last week. A. where B. which C. it D. what 4.This is the best film ______ I have ever seen. A. that B. which C. who D. whom 5.The man ______ hair is white is his grandfather. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 6.I still remember the day ______ I first came to the school. A. that B. which C. when D. where 7.The factory ______ I work is far from my home. A. that B. which C. where D. when 8.This is the reason ______ he didn’t come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 9.This machine, ______ for many years, is still working perfectly. A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 10.The reason ______ he was late was that he missed the bus. A. why B. because C. since D. that 11.The house ______ we live in is very big. A. that B. whom C. whose D. where 12.The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever. A. which B. whose C. who D. whom 13.This is the teacher ______ taught me English in my middle school. A. which B. who C. whose D. whom 14.The film ______ we saw the day before yesterday was very interesting. A. which B. who C. whose D. whom 15.I know the student ______ you are talking about. A. which B. what C. whom D. whose 16.The man ______ is our new teacher. A. who he B. he C. who D. whom 17.The woman ______ is singing on the TV show is our English teacher. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 18.This is the town ______ I was born. A. which B. where C. when D. that 19.I can’t find the book ______ I bought yesterday. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 20.The person ______ you should write to is Mr. Ball. A. which B. whom C. whose D. what 21.The hotel ______ during our holidays stands by the seaside. A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. in that we stayed 22.The storybook ______ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten. A. that B. as C. which D. what 23.Do you know the reason ______ he was late? A. for what B. which C. for which D. that 24.The man ______ I met yesterday lent me some money. A. from whom B. to whom C. whom D. which 25.The girl ______ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister. A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing 26.I have bought the same dress ______ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what 27.He failed in the exam, ______ made his parents very angry. A. which B. it C. that D. what 28.Is this the factory ______ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 29.Is this factory ______ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 30.The wolves hid themselves in the places ______ couldn’t be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 31.The freezing point is the temperature ______ water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what 32.This book will show you ______ can be used in other contexts. A. how you have observed B. what you have observed C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed 33.The reason is ______ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether 34.I’ll tell you ______ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which 35.That tree, ______ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which 36.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 37.The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 38.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ______ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when 39.She heard a terrible noise, ______ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 40.In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., ______ many people have gone home. A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which time 41.All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those ______ in the forest. A. once they grew B. they grew once C. that once grew D. once grew 42.You can take any seat ______ is free. A. in which B. that C. where D. which 43.I hope that the little ______ I have been able to do does good to them all. A. which B. what C. that D. when 44.The time is not far away ______ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside. A. as B. when C. until D. before 45.Is this research center ______ you visited the modern equipment last year? A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where 46.The English play ______ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 47.It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, ______ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. A. that B. while C. which D. when 48.I work in a business ______ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. A. how B. which C. where D. that 49.We are living in an age ______ many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. when 50. The gentleman ______ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom 51. The book ______ cover is green belongs to Lily. A. which B. whose C. that D. where 52. We visited the school ______ our grandparents once studied. A. which B. that C. where D. when 53. This is the pen ______ I wrote the letter yesterday. A. with which B. which C. that D. by which 54. He is the only student ______ can solve this problem. A. whom B. which C. that D. who 55. The days ______ we spent together in the countryside are unforgettable. A. when B. which C. where D. on which 56. She has a brother ______ is a famous doctor. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 57. The city ______ we live is very beautiful. A. that B. which C. where D. what 58. I don’t like the way ______ he speaks to his parents. A. which B. in which C. where D. what 59. The man ______ you shook hands just now is our headmaster. A. with whom B. whom C. who D. wit