高中英语课标3000词40篇40小时通关(27版)passage 17

Week 9

Passage 17

个性笔记

Becoming a doctor is tough for anyone, but for women in 19th-century England it was impossible – until this ambitious and determined woman challenged the system.

Born in 1836, Elizabeth Garrett grew up in Aldeburgh, a small seaside town in Suffolk, where her father was a successful wheat merchant. Elizabeth liked to give her younger brothers and sisters evening lectures on the important social issues of the day – like the fact that females in England were prohibited from many professions. Women, for example, were banned to be doctors. 

After encountering a fellow English woman, Elizabeth Blackwell, who received a medical degree in the USA, she resolved to break these barriers. 

In 1860, she became a nursing student at a London hospital. Her ambition didn’t stop there. She attempted to slip into lectures for male student doctors, hoping to acquire enough knowledge to pass the exams. But the upset male students protested about her presence, and she was kicked out.

Refusing to give up, Elizabeth sought alternative paths to achieve her goal of becoming a doctor. She discovered that the Society of Apothecaries (药师) had no restrictions against women taking their exams. She seized the opportunity, studied diligently and passed their examinations in 1865, earning her qualification. The Society later reformed their rules to prevent other women from studying for certificate.

With her license, Elizabeth opened a dispensary (药房), where women could get medical treatment from other women. Yet, she was still eager to be officially recognized as a doctor. She taught herselfFrench, and earned her medical degree in 1870 in Paris, becoming the first Englishfemale physician and surgeon!

Elizabeth reopened her dispensary naming it the New Hospital for Women. It employed only female staff—an innovative concept at the time. She also founded the London School of Medicine for Women. In 1876, thanks to campaigning by Elizabeth and others, the law was finally changed to allow British medical authorities to license all qualified applicants regardless of gender.

Elizabeth continued to treat patients and teach medical students while also advocating for women’s rights in politics for many years. 

Even in retirement Elizabeth was a pioneer. In 1908, aged 72, she became Britain’s first female mayor when elected in Aldeburgh. She died in 1917, less than a year before British women finally grantedthe right to vote. 

Her pioneering work and determination still inspire women today.

1. ambitious 

2. wheat

3. female 

4. prohibit 

5. profession 

6. ban 

7. fellow 

8. barrier 

9. ambition 

10. attempt 

11. slip 

12. male 

13. acquire 

14. upset

15. protest 

16. restrict 

17. seize 

18. earn 

19. qualification 

20. reform 

21. certificate 

22. license 

23. eager 

24. official 

25. physician 

26. surgeon 

27. concept 

28. found 

29. campaign 

30. authority 

31. applicant 

32. regardless 

33. gender 

34. advocate 

35. politics 

36. retire 

37. election

目标达成情况

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Thur.

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Sat.

1. ambitious /æmˈbɪʃəs/ adj. 有雄心的

【搭配】ambitious for 对…有雄心

ambitious to do 渴望做

【变形】ambition n. 雄心；野心

【同义词】aspiring, determined

2. wheat /wiːt/ n. 小麦

【搭配】wheat field 麦田；wheat flour 小麦粉

【拓展】barley 大麦；rye 黑麦；oat 燕麦

3. female /ˈfiːmeɪl/ adj./n. 女性的；雌性的；女子

【搭配】female student 女学生

【反义词】male                    【辨析】female (指生物性别)/feminine (指女性气质)

4. prohibit /prəˈhɪbɪt/ v. 禁止；阻止

【搭配】prohibit sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事

strictly prohibited 严禁                    【变形】prohibition n. 禁止；禁令

prohibitive adj. 禁止的；价格过高的                    【同义词】forbid, ban, bar                    【反义词】permit, allow

5. profession /prəˈfeʃn/ n. 职业；专业；声明

【搭配】by profession 以…为职业

medical profession 医疗行业

【变形】professional adj. 职业的；专业的 n. 专业人士

professor n. 教授                    【同义词】occupation, career

6. ban /bæn/ v./n. 禁止；禁令

【搭配】ban on 对…的禁令

ban sb. from doing 禁止某人做某事

【同义词】prohibit, forbid, bar                    【反义词】permit, allow

7. fellow /ˈfeləʊ/ n./adj. 家伙；同伴；同事的

【搭配】fellow worker 同事

fellow countryman 同胞

poor fellow 可怜的家伙                    【同义词】companion, comrade

8. barrier /ˈbæriə(r)/ n. 障碍；屏障

【搭配】barrier to ...的障碍；language barrier 语言障碍

【同义词】obstacle, hurdle

9. ambition /æmˈbɪʃən/ n. 野心；抱负

【搭配】ambition to do 做…的抱负

achieve one's ambition 实现抱负

【同义词】aspiration, drive

19. qualification /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 资格；资格证明；限定条件

【搭配】qualification for ...的资格

academic qualifications 学历

【变形】qualify v. 具有资格；qualified adj. 有资格的

20. reform /rɪˈfɔːm/ n./v. 改革；改良；改造

【搭配】economic reform 经济改革

reform oneself 改过自新                    【变形】reformer n. 改革者；reformation n. 改革；改良                    【同义词】improve, change

21. certificate /səˈtɪfɪkət/ n. 证书；证明

【搭配】birth certificate 出生证明

teaching certificate 教师资格证                    【变形】certify v. 证明；certification n. 证明；认证                    【同义词】diploma, credential

22. license /ˈlaɪsns/ n./v. 执照；许可证；许可

【搭配】driver's license 驾驶执照

business license 营业执照

【变形】licensed adj. 获得许可的

【同义词】permit, authorization

23. eager /ˈiːɡə(r)/ adj. 渴望的；热切的

【搭配】eager to do 渴望做 eager for 渴望

【变形】eagerness n. 渴望                    【同义词】keen, enthusiastic, anxious

24. official /əˈfɪʃl/ adj./n. 官方的；正式的；官员

【搭配】official visit 正式访问

government official 政府官员

official language 官方语言

25. physician /fɪˈzɪʃn/ n. 医生；内科医师

【搭配】family physician 家庭医生

【辨析】physician (内科医生) / surgeon (外科医生)

26. surgeon /ˈsɜːdʒən/ n. 外科医生

【搭配】plastic surgeon 整形外科医生

【变形】surgery n. 外科手术；surgical adj. 外科的

conception n. 概念；构想                    【同义词】idea, notion

28. found /faʊnd/ v. 建立；创立

【搭配】found a company 创办公司

be founded on 基于

【变形】foundation n. 基础；基金会

founder n. 创始人                    【同义词】establish, set up

10. attempt /əˈtempt/ v./n. 尝试；企图

【搭配】attempt to do 试图做

attempt at (doing) sth. 尝试做某事

make an attempt 尝试

in an attempt to do 为了试图做

11. slip /slɪp/ v./n. 溜；滑倒；滑落；疏忽；纸条

【搭配】slip on 滑倒在；slip away 溜走；消失

slip of the tongue 口误

【变形】slippery adj. 滑的；slipper n. 拖鞋                    【同义词】slide, glide

12. male /meɪl/ adj./n. 男性的；雄性的；男子                    【辨析】male (指生物性别) / masculine (指男性气质)

13. acquire /əˈkwaɪə(r)/ v. 获得；学到

【搭配】acquire knowledge 获得知识

acquire a skill 学到技能

【变形】acquisition n. 获得；收购

【同义词】obtain, gain, get

14. upset /ʌpˈset/ /ˈʌpset/ v./adj./n. 

使心烦；打乱；心烦的；混乱；不适

【搭配】upset about/over 对…感到心烦

upset sb.'s plans 打乱某人计划

upset stomach 肠胃不适

get upset 感到心烦                    【同义词】disturb, distress

15. protest /ˈprəʊtest/ /prəˈtest/ n./v. 抗议；反对；申明

【搭配】protest against 抗议；反对

protest march 抗议游行

【变形】protester n. 抗议者

16. restrict /rɪˈstrɪkt/ v. 限制；约束

【搭配】restrict to 限制在；仅限于

restrict oneself to 约束自己只做

【变形】restriction n. 限制；restrictive adj. 限制性的                    【同义词】limit, confine

17. seize /siːz/ v. 抓住；夺取；把握

【搭配】seize the opportunity 抓住机会

seize on/upon 抓住；利用                    【同义词】grab, grasp, capture

18. earn /ɜːn/ v. 赚得；获得

【搭配】earn a living 谋生；earn money 赚钱

earn respect 赢得尊重

【变形】earnings n. 收入；利润

27. concept /ˈkɒnsept/ n. 概念；观念

【变形】conceptual adj. 概念的

29. campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/ n./v. 运动；战役；参加活动

【搭配】campaign for/against 支持/反对…的运动

election campaign 竞选活动

advertising campaign 广告宣传

launch a campaign 发起运动                    【变形】campaigner n. 活动家；参加运动者                    【同义词】movement, drive

30. authority /ɔːˈθɒrəti/ n. 权威；当局

【搭配】authority on ...方面的权威

local authorities 地方当局

【变形】authorize v. 授权；authoritative adj. 权威的

31. applicant /ˈæplɪkənt/ n. 申请人

【搭配】applicant for ...的申请人

job applicant 求职者

【变形】apply v. 申请；application n. 申请                    【同义词】candidate

32. regardless /rɪˈɡɑːdləs/ adv./adj. 

不顾；无论如何；不管的

【搭配】regardless of 不顾；不管

33. gender /ˈdʒendə(r)/ n. 性别

【搭配】gender equality 性别平等

gender gap 性别差异

gender discrimination 性别歧视                    【同义词】sex

34. advocate /ˈædvəkeɪt/; /ˈædvəkət/ v./n. 提倡；拥护者

【搭配】advocate for 提倡；为…辩护

advocate doing sth. 主张做某事

【变形】advocacy n. 提倡；拥护                    【同义词】support, promote; supporter

35. politics /ˈpɒlətɪks/ n. 政治；政治学；政见

【变形】political adj. 政治的；politician n. 政治家                    【注意】作主语时谓语动词用单数

36. retire /rɪˈtaɪə(r)/ v. 退休；退役；退出

【搭配】retire from 从…退休/退役

retire to 退到

【变形】retired adj. 退休的；retirement n. 退休；退役

37. election /ɪˈlekʃən/ n. 选举

【搭配】election campaign 竞选活动

general election 大选

【变形】elect v. 选举；elective adj. 选任的；选修的                    【同义词】vote, poll