文档无水印直接下载高考真题系列——2021年北京卷英语真题及详解

Recently，I took a trip home by train.I got a seat opposite a middleaged man with sharp eyes，who kept 1 a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap.The woman’s eye fell on the man’s face，and she immediately looked down and 2 her scarf.

As the night wore on，people began to close their eyes，but the seats were so uncomfortable that only a very heavy sleeper could manage to get any 3 .The woman looked over at the man.He was still staring at her.She looked back at him with fire in her eyes.I was beginning to get 4 ，too.

The train moved on.The little boy was 5 awake on his mother’s lap，but the woman dropped off to sleep.A moment later，he began to 6 the halfopen window—one leg went over it.The man jumped up and 7 the child just before he fell out.

The 8 woke up the woman.She seemed to be in 9 ，and then reality dawned(显现)．“Your child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the window，” the man said as he gave the child back to her.“So I have been watching the whole time.” The woman was 10 ，and so was I.


语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。火车上一名男子一直观察着一位带着孩子的年轻女士，这让女士感到很恼火。夜幕降临，女士刚睡着不久，她怀中的男孩就想爬车窗。在小男孩即将摔下来的时候，这个男子迅速抓住了男孩，救下了他。

1．A.guiding B．bothering

C．watching D．monitoring

答案　C

解析　根据第二段中的“He was still staring at her.”和最后一段中的“watching”可知，这名男子一直看着这位靠窗坐着的女士。C项意为“观看，观察”，符合语境。

2．A.adjusted B．changed

C．packed D．waved

答案　A

解析　根据该句中的“The woman’s eye fell on the man’s face，and she immediately looked down”可知，女士看了下男子的面孔，然后立即低下头“调整”了围巾。故A项正确。

3．A.air B．joy

C．space D．rest

答案　D

解析　根据该句中的“the seats were so uncomfortable that only a very heavy sleeper could manage to get”并结合常识可推知，座位很不舒服，只有睡得很沉的人才能得到片刻休息。故D项正确。

4．A.nervous B．embarrassed

C．angry D．disappointed

答案　C

解析　根据上句中的“with fire in her eyes”可知，女士开始生气了。再结合该句中的“too”可推知，空处应与“with fire in her eyes”同义，故C项正确。

5．A.almost B．still

C．hardly D．even

答案　B

解析　根据该句中的“but the woman dropped off to sleep”可知，空处想表达的意思应与此处相反，即虽然女士睡着了，但怀中的男孩还醒着。B项意为“仍然”，符合语境。

6．A.drag B．climb

C．knock D．push

答案　B

解析　根据下文中的“climb out of the window”并结合语境可以判断，趁着母亲入睡，这个男孩开始爬半开着的车窗。B项意为“攀登；爬”，符合语境。

7．A.grabbed B．rocked

C．touched D．picked

答案　A

解析　根据该句中的“just before he fell out”和最后一段中的“he gave the child back to her”可知，男子跳起身，在男孩跌落之前抓住了他，救了他一命。A项意为“抓住”，符合语境。

8．A.alarm B．quarrel

C．risk D．noise

答案　D

解析　根据该句中的“woke up the woman”和上文男子抓住快要跌下窗的男孩并结合常识可知，此处应该是响声惊醒了女士。故D项正确。

9．A.sorrow B．relief

C．panic D．pain

答案　C

解析　根据上文可知，女士被响声惊醒，她的孩子爬车窗快跌下窗时被男子救下了。据此可以判断，她被吵醒后看见这一幕应该是恐慌的。panic惊恐，恐慌，符合语境。

10．A.astonished B．confused

C．concerned D．inspired

答案　A

解析　根据男子说的话可知，他注意到男孩一直在寻找机会爬窗，所以一直在观察他。再结合上文描述的女士对男子一直看他们这种行为的愤怒可以判断，“我”和女士一样，对男子的行为“感到非常惊讶”，故A项正确。

第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Why do we dream？Scientists aren’t completely sure，and they have diverse 11.(idea)．Dreams might be a side effect of memory making.When you sleep，your brain sorts through everything 12. happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.As it 13.(connect) things，your brain turns them into a story，and you get a dream.


语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了做梦的原因：夜晚的时候，大脑会将白天的信息编撰成故事。

11．答案　ideas

解析　考查名词单复数。idea为可数名词，根据空前的diverse“各种各样的”可知，此处应用idea的复数形式。

12．答案　that

解析　考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词everything，并在从句中作主语；先行词为不定代词，故用that引导。

13．答案　connects

解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，该句陈述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时；该句主语为it，所以谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式；且主语和谓语动词之间为主动关系，故用connects。

Sam is an inreallife streamer(播主)，and he live streams himself just going about his day.While riding his bike home 14. a cold night，he came across a sadlooking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself.The poor woman wasn’t able to give him any information about 15. she lived.Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could 16.(safe) wait for the police to take her home.


语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。主播Sam夜晚骑自行车回家时遇到一个不知家住何处的老奶奶，他将老奶奶带到便利店，等待警察送她回家。

14．答案　on

解析　考查介词。on后接特定的时间，“a cold night”意为“一个寒冷的夜晚”，表示特定时间，故用介词on。

15．答案　where

解析　考查宾语从句。根据语境和分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作地点状语，表示这位老奶奶不知道自己住在何处，故用where引导宾语从句。

16．答案　safely

解析　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词wait，修饰动词应用副词，故用safe的副词形式。

There 17.(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,18.(cause) largely by rising global temperatures，according to a new report from the United Nations.From 2000 to 2019，there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world,19.(result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss.Much of this increase can be due to climate change.The findings show a critical need 20.(invest) in disaster prevention.


语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。近20年来，全球气候变暖导致极端气候事件发生的次数急剧增加，导致了许多重大自然灾害的发生，这使得人类遭受了巨大的经济损失。我们必须找到方法解决这一问题。

17．答案　has been

解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“over the past 20 years”可知，该处用现在完成时；主语为“a dramatic rise”，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填has been。

18．答案　caused

解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词，cause与extreme weather events为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填caused。

19．答案　resulting

解析　考查非谓语动词。此处表示从2000年到2019年，全球共发生7 348起重大自然灾害，造成经济损失29 700亿美元。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词，result与major natural disasters之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词形式表示自然而然的结果，故填resulting。

20．答案　to invest

解析　考查动词不定式。名词need“需要”后一般用动词不定式作后置定语，故填to invest。

第二部分　阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

If you are planning to start a career in the field of education，science，or culture，then an internship(实习) at UNESCO will be ideal for you.

Who can apply?

You have completed your fulltime university studies；or

You are studying in a graduate program for a master’s degree.

Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institution.

What are the requirements?

You must be at least 20 years old.

You should have a good command (掌握) of either English or French.

You must have an excellent knowledge of officerelated software.

You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international working environment.

You should possess strong interpersonal and communication skills.

What do you need to prepare?

Visa：You should obtain the necessary visas.

Travel：You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the location where you will do your internship.

Medical insurance：You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid(有效的)in the target country for the entire period of the internship.UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD 30,000 for the internship period.

Medical certificate：You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to work.

Motivation letter：You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form.

Your application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six months.We do not respond to every candidate.If selected，you will be contacted by a manager.If you do not receive any update within six months，it means that your application has not been successful.

21．According to this passage，applicants are required to .

A．hold a master’s degree in science

B．have international work experience

C．be fluent in either English or French

D．present a letter from a technical institution

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。由题干关键词“applicants are required”定位至What are the requirements？部分，根据该部分中的“You should have...English or French.”可知，申请人须精通英语或者法语，故C项正确。

22．What will UNESCO provide for the internship period?

A．Limited medical insurance coverage.

B．Training in communication skills.

C．A medical certificate for work.

D．Financial support for travel.

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。由题干关键词“provide for the internship period”可定位至What do you need to prepare？部分，根据该部分中的“UNESCO will provide...the internship period.”可知，联合国教科文组织将为实习生提供有限的医疗保险。故A项正确。

23．What should applicants do before filling out the application form?

A．Contact UNESCO managers.

B．Get access to the database.

C．Keep a motivation letter at hand.

D．Work in a team for six months.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。由题干关键词“the application form”可定位至What do you need to prepare？部分，根据该部分中的“Motivation letter：You should...form.”可知，在填写申请表之前，申请人必须有动机信，故C项正确。

I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester(学期) project of volunteering at a nonprofit organization.When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help，my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children (OIC)．My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind.

Then，an OIC representative gave us some details，which somewhat interested me.After doing some research, I believed that we could really do something for those kids.When I went online to the OIC website，I saw pictures of the Iraqi children.Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair(绝望) and need that I joined this project without hesitation.We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible，and make them into kits—one kit，one child.

The most rewarding day for our group was project day，when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came together.When I saw the various supplies we had collected，it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child.Over the past four months，I had never imagined how I would feel once our project was completed.While making the kits，I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it.I had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on.When the kits were completed，and ready to be sent overseas，the warm feeling I had was one I would never forget.

In the beginning，I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person.Now that our project is over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but ten.With our efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education.


语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。作者在网站上看到伊拉克儿童的面孔后感受到了他们的绝望和需求。于是，作者和其他志愿者决定为伊拉克儿童尽可能多地收集学习用品，这使得十名伊拉克儿童得以继续接受教育。

24．How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning?

A．It would affect his/her initial plans.

B．It would involve traveling overseas.

C．It would not bring him/her a good grade.

D．It would not live up to his/her expectations.

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children(OIC)”和本段尾句“My first impression...I had in mind.”可知，作者一开始认为该组织与心中的期望不符，故D项正确。

25．What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project?

A．Images of Iraqi children.

B．Research by his/her classmates.

C．A teacher’s introduction.

D．A representative’s comments.

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“Their faces were so...without hesitation.”可知，伊拉克儿童的面孔有力地传达了他们的绝望和需要，所以作者毫不犹豫地加入了这个项目。据此可知，伊拉克儿童的形象是作者改变对这一项目的态度的主要原因，故A项正确。

26．The author’s OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to .

A．become OIC volunteers

B．further their education

C．study in foreign countries

D．influence other children

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。根据本文尾句“With our efforts...further their education.”可知，在作者和其他志愿者的努力下，十名伊拉克儿童得以继续接受教育，故B项正确。

27．What can we conclude from this passage?

A．One’s potential cannot always be underrated.

B．First impression cannot always be trusted.

C．Actions speak louder than words.

D．He who hesitates is lost.

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。根据第一段尾句“My first impression...in mind.”可知，作者对伊拉克儿童行动组织的第一印象并不好，认为该组织与自己的期望不符；根据第二段第四句“Their faces were...without hesitation.”可知，当看到伊拉克儿童的面孔有力地传达了他们的绝望和需要时，作者决定加入这一组织；再根据尾段可知，通过加入这一组织，作者影响了十名伊拉克儿童。据此可以推知，第一印象并不可信。故B项正确。

Hundreds of scientists，writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last December：Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse.Researchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse as “a credible scenario(情景) this century”．

A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events，food insecurity，and freshwater shortages might create global collapse.Of course，if you are a nonhuman species，collapse is well underway.

The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of stilluncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world’s most technologically advanced nations.Not very long ago，it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibility.

The international scholars’ warning letter doesn’t say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen.Collapseology，the study of collapse，is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday civilization.Among the signatories(签署者) of the warning was Bob Johnson，the originator of the “ecological footprint” concept，which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle.With the current footprint of humanity，“it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form，possibly within a decade，certainly within this century，” Johnson said in an email.

“Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits，”the December warning letter says，“can we have the hope to reduce their speed，severity and harm.”And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored.We all want to hope things will turn out fine.As a poet wrote，

Manisavictimofdope(麻醉品)

Intheincurableformofhope.

The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent(执着) on quieting hope that ignores preparedness.“Let’s look directly into the issue of collapse，” they say，“and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future.”


语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了极端天气、食品不安全和饮用水短缺等问题会导致全球崩溃，并且许多领域的研究者们一致认为这样的情况很可能在本世纪出现。几百位科学家、作家和学者发出警告：政策制定者和我们其他所有人必须公开参与，努力降低全球崩溃风险。

28．What does the underlined word “germane” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Scientific. B．Credible.

C．Original. D．Relevant.

答案　D

解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句可知，在当前技术最先进的一些国家，新冠肺炎疫情仍未得到控制，经济危机蔓延，因此，呼吁公众参与这些不可思议的事情是尤为恰当的，D项与画线词的意义最为接近。germane贴切，恰当，与……有密切关系；relevant紧密相关的，切题的。故选D。

29．As for the public awareness of global collapse，the author is .

A．worried B．puzzled

C．surprised D．scared

答案　A

解析　观点态度题。根据第五段中的“And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored...turn out fine.”可知，人们很可能选择忽视这些警示信息，我们都希望事情能顺利。由此可推断，这会让作者感到很担心，故A项正确。

30．What can we learn from this passage?

A．The signatories may change the biophysical limits.

B．The author agrees with the message of the poem.

C．The issue of collapse is being prioritized.

D．The global collapse is well underway.

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。结合第五段最后一句可知，“正如一位诗人写的”是为了说明作者前面的观点，因此作者对于这一观点是赞成的，故B项正确。

Early fifthcentury philosopher St.Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him.Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it.Today’s stateoftheart atomic(原子的) clocks have proven Einstein right.Even advanced physics can’t decisively tell us what time is，because the answer depends on the question you’re asking.

Forget about time as an absolute.What if，instead of considering time in terms of astronomy，we related time to ecology？What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo(节奏) of human life？We’re increasingly aware of the fact that we can’t control Earth systems with engineering alone，and realizing that we need to moderate(调节)our actions if we hope to live in balance.What if our definition of time reflected that?

Recently，I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that’s connected to circumstances on our planet，conditions that might change as a result of global warming.We’re now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes.We’ve programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate.If the rivers run faster in the future on average，the clock will get ahead of standard time.If they run slower，you’ll see the opposite effect.

The clock registers both shortterm irregularities and longterm trends in river dynamics.It’s a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame(时间框架)，and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones.Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet.Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.

Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars，early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena.In preClassical Greece，for instance，people “corrected” official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season.Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival.Likewise，river time and other timekeeping systems we’re developing may encourage environmental awareness.

When St.Augustine admitted his inability to define time, he highlighted one of time ’s most noticeable qualities：Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context.Any timekeeping system is valid，and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose.


语篇解读　这是一篇议论文。时间并不是一个绝对值，没有人可以很准确地说出时间。作者最近提出了一种新的计时方式，以自然活动为参考来记录时间，从而增强人们关爱自然、与自然和谐相处的意识。

31．What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?

A．Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature.

B．Everyone can define time on their own terms.

C．The qualities of time vary with how you measure it.

D．Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists.

答案　B

解析　段落大意题。第一段的前两句列举圣·奥古斯丁和爱因斯坦的例子是为了说明最后一句“Even advanced physics can’t decisively tell us what time is，because the answer depends on the question you’re asking.”，由此可知本段主要讲每个人都有自己判断时间的标准，故B项正确。

32．The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to .

A．present an assumption

B．evaluate an argument

C．highlight an experiment

D．introduce an approach

答案　D

解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的三个问句和第三段首句中的“a new approach”可知，这些问题的提出都是为了引出下一段中作者提出的一种新的计时方法，故D项“介绍一种方法”正确。

33．What can we learn from this passage?

A．Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life.

B．New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems.

C．Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower.

D．Modern technology may help to shape the rivers’ temporal frame.

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“If the rivers run faster in the future on average，the clock will get ahead of standard time.If they run slower，you’ll see the opposite effect.”可推断，如果将来河流的平均流速更快，那么河流时间会比标准时间(原子表)走得快，反之亦然，故C项正确。

34．What can we infer from this passage?

A．It is crucial to improve the definition of time.

B．A fixed frame will make time meaningless.

C．We should live in harmony with nature.

D．History is a mirror reflecting reality.

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet...consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.”可以推断，我们应该与自然和谐相处，故C项正确。

第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people. 35 The mental health benefits from music can’t be argued.Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes.

36 However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain.By distracting (分心) the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels.This，of course，can lead to less pain.

Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed. 37 While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure.Similarly，according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels, through the lowering of stress and anxiety.

When it comes to heart health，there is speculation (推测) that it’s not the style of music, but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health.In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure. 38 On the other hand，when the music slowed，the participants’ stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit.

39 But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable.

A．This feeling can also result in many other health problems.

B．Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud.

C．This idea is a little offthewall but still has scientific backing.

D．They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep.

E．The implications of music on overall wellbeing are really impressive.

F．It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety.

G．Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were.


语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了听音乐会可以促进我们的心理健康，对我们的身心有很大的益处。

35．答案　F

解析　空前一句讲到了对许多人来说音乐长期以来被认为是一种令人愉悦的消遣方式，空后一句讲到了音乐对心理健康的益处是不容置疑的，所以空处应与音乐对于心理健康的益处有关，因此F项符合语境。

36．答案　B

解析　根据空后讲到的“然而，出于相同的理由，如果有人痛苦难耐，音乐是非常有益的”可推知，空处讲到的应该是音乐的坏处，因此B项符合语境。

37．答案　D

解析　本段第一句讲到了很多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听舒缓的音乐，空后讲到了尽管这种观念的有效性仍待评估，因此空处讲到的应该是晚上睡觉前听音乐的好处，因此D项符合语境。

38．答案　G

解析　结合语境可知，此处讲到的是一项研究，所以空处讲到的应该是参与者的研究表现，且空后一句讲到了当音乐的速度减慢时，他们的压力和焦虑水平变得较低，对心率的影响似乎也变小了。由此可推知，空处讲到的应该是音乐较快时的表现，因此G项符合语境。

39．答案　E

解析　结合空后讲到的“但是将收音机开大音量可能对其他的一系列健康问题有益”可知，空处讲到的应该是音乐的好处，因此E项符合语境。

第三部分　书面表达(共两节，32分)

第一节(共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。

Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased.Thus，it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends, family members，or classmates rather than holding them back.

There is a difference between arguing and fighting.Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns.You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up(激起) anger.Fighting，however，usually involves personal attacks，raising of voices, and storming out.

Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health.In a study,2,000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row.When people had an argument that they considered resolved, they had half the reactivity (情绪反应) of those who avoided an argument.Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions.In other words，resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half.One day later, people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument.This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution—and you are less likely to be annoyed.

Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument.This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities.You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not.

It is easier to avoid a discussion，but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome.


语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明，如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除。因此，向你的朋友、家人或同学提出问题可能是值得的，而不是把它们隐藏起来。

40．According to this passage，what is arguing?

答案　Arguing is discussing your worries，related feelings and problems with the other party.

解析　考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns.”(争论是你和你的对手提出你们的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。)可知，争论是提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。故答案为Arguing is discussing your worries，related feelings and problems with the other party.

41．Why is it that “the older you are, the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”？

答案　It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life.

解析　考查细节理解。根据第四段内容(而且，年纪越大，越有可能在争吵后找到解决办法。这可能是因为更多的生活经历通常会导致更明确的优先事项。你更有可能区分什么是重要的，什么是不重要的。)可知，更多的生活经验可以帮助人们更好地确定生活中的优先事项。故答案填It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life.

42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why.

Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry.

答案　Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry.Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity.

解析　考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句(如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除。)可知，解决争论有助于降低你的反应性，而不是增加。故答案为Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry.Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity.

43．In addition to improving emotional health，what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument? (In about 40 words)

答案　Resolving arguments can also improve people’s logical thinking and resilience，and improve their relationship with each other.(参考答案)

解析　考查开放思维。解决争吵也可以提高人们的逻辑思维能力和应变能力，并改善与他人之间的关系。故参考答案为Resolving arguments can also improve people’s logical thinking and resilience，and improve their relationship with each other.

第二节(20分)

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你和英国好友Jim原定本周末一起外出，你因故不能赴约。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：

1．表达歉意并说明原因；

2．提出建议并给出理由。

注意：

1词数100左右；

2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim，

Yours，

Li Hua

答案　

Dear Jim，

I’m sorry to inform you that I can’t go out with you this weekend.I’ve just been told that I have to go and visit my sick grandfather in the countryside，who was suddenly admitted to the hospital.I hope the change won’t cause you too much trouble.

How about going out next Saturday morning? If it’s convenient for you，let’s meet at the school gate at 900 a．m.Please let me know what time suits you best.I should be available anytime next weekend.

In addition，next Saturday，there will be a flower show in Beihai Park.Then we can go to see the flowers together.

I am looking forward to your early reply.

Yours，

Li Hua