夜雨聆风
中考：定语从句主要考that / which / who，属于重点难点。
一、概念
定语从句：用一个句子来修饰名词/代词，相当于中文“……的”。
被修饰的名词叫先行词；连接主句和从句的词叫关系代词。
简单句：I like the book.（名词book）
定语从句：I like the book that you bought.
我喜欢你买的那本书。
👉先行词：the book；关系代词：that
二、常用关系代词（初中只掌握这3个）
关系代词 指代 用法
who 人 作主语、宾语
which 物 作主语、宾语
that 人 / 物 作主语、宾语
1. who 指人
先行词是人，用who
- The girl who is standing there is my student.
站在那儿的女孩是我的学生。（who作主语，不能删）
- The man who we met yesterday is our teacher.
我们昨天遇见的那位男士是我们的老师。（who作宾语，可以省略）
2. which 指物
先行词是事物，用which
- The pen which is on the desk is mine.
桌上的那支钢笔是我的。（which作主语，不可删）
- This is the bag which I lost.
这就是我弄丢的包。（which作宾语，可以省略）
3. that 既可指人，也可指物
可以替换who、which
- The boy that helped me is my classmate.（指人）
- The bike that he bought is new.（指物）
✅小结：人用who，物用which，人物都能用that
三、关系代词什么时候可以省略？
只有关系代词在从句里面作宾语，才可以省略；作主语绝对不能省。
✅This is the book (that) I read.（that作宾语，可省）
❌This is the book that is interesting.（that作主语，不能省）
四、that 的特殊考点（中考单选高频）
只能用that，不能用which的几种情况：
1. 先行词有最高级修饰
This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.
2. 先行词有序数词修饰
This is the first thing that I should do.
3. 先行词是不定代词：all, everything, nothing, something等
Tell me everything that you know.
简单记：最高级、序数词、不定代词，优先用that
五、易错提醒
1. 定语从句语序：陈述语序，关系代词后面先主语后谓语
2. 关系代词本身就是从句的主语/宾语，从句不要再重复加代词
❌The book that I bought it is good.（it多余）
✅The book that I bought is good.
六、中考小练习
1. The girl ____ is singing is my sister.（指人）
2. The movie ____ we watched last night was wonderful.（指物）
3. This is the best gift ____ I have ever received.
答案
1. who / that
2. which / that（可省略）
3. that
