【高中英语这样学】【回归课本】外研社|必修三|Unit 3: The world of science|语法&口语和写作

学习重点

Ø词汇学习：【高中英语这样学】【回归课本】外研社｜必修三｜Unit 3: The world of science｜词汇学习

Ø语法：Present perfect passive

Ø口语&写作：Make predictions about future

语法：现在完成时被动语态 present perfect passive 

一、核心语法

1 结构

现在完成时被动：have / has + been + 过去分词(done)

- 主语复数/I/you：have been done

- 主语单数、不可数名词：has been done

主动：have / has done（已经做了）

被动：have / has been done（已经被做了）

2 含义

1.动作已经完成；主语是动作的承受者（被……）

2.不知道、不重要谁做的这件事，侧重事情本身结果、影响，科技说明文高频（本单元3D打印主题）

例句

① I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before.

我猜之前已经有人问过你这本书的书名。（你“被问到”，谁问不重要）

② New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts.

像3D打印机这类新发明已经被用来制造移植心脏。

3 主动句 ↔ 被动句对照

- 主动：Someone has asked you about the book. 有人问过你这本书。

- 被动：You have been asked about the book. 你已经被问到关于这本书。

什么时候选被动？

✅ 不知道动作执行者；执行者不重要；重点讲事件结果、客观事实、科技成果，就用被动语态。 

二、练习：改写句子（变为现在完成时被动）

1.It has already affected many things in our lives.

→ Many things in our lives have already been affected.

2.some restaurants in London have served 3D‑printed hamburgers to customers.

→ 3D‑printed hamburgers have already been served to customers by some restaurants in London.

3.But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine.

→ But perhaps the most significant success that has been achieved to date is in medicine.

4.They have made human body parts, including a beating heart, with 3D printing technology.

→ Human body parts, including a beating heart, have been made with 3D printing technology.

5.people have given a new 3D‑printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire!

→ A new 3D‑printed shell has been given to a turtle injured in a forest fire!

三、科学职业词汇

physicist 物理学家

mathematician 数学家

chemist 化学家

astronomer 天文学家

geographer 地理学家

biologist 生物学家

构词规律：学科名词变形

biology → biologist；physics → physicist；mathematics → mathematician

高中写作&口语例句（现在完成被动嵌入）

1.Many amazing discoveries have been made by biologists over the past decades.

翻译：过去数十年间，生物学家取得了许多惊人发现。

2.New treatment methods have been developed by physicists and chemists.

翻译：物理学家与化学家已经研发出新的治疗手段。

四、情景口语素材

My lab has been broken into! Several pieces of equipment have been stolen. Some glass containers have been broken. Important research papers have been lost. A lot of valuable data has been destroyed.

翻译：我的实验室遭到入室盗窃！几件设备被盗，一些玻璃容器被打碎，重要研究文件丢失，大量珍贵数据遭到损毁。

五、自测题

Ⅰ 英译汉

1.have been used to make replacement hearts ________________________

2.have been affected ________________________

3.have been served to customers ________________________

4.have been made with 3D printing technology ________________________

Ⅱ 将主动句改写为现在完成时被动语态

1.Scientists have achieved many great breakthroughs in medical research.

→________________________________________________

2.People have used 3D‑printing technology to help injured animals.

→________________________________________________

3.They have published several important papers on this topic.

→________________________________________________

Ⅲ 单项选择

1.Many new types of robots ______ to help people in daily life up to now.

A. have invented B. have been invented C. were invented D. invented

2.Some valuable research data ______ in the accident already.

A. has been destroyed B. destroyed C. is destroyed D. had destroyed

3.Lots of new medicines ______ by biologists in the past ten years.

A. have developed B. developed C. have been developed D. are developing

Ⅳ 中译英（必须使用现在完成时被动）

1.许多重大的科学发现已经被科学家们取得。

2.在过去几年，3D打印技术已经被用来拯救受伤的动物。

参考答案

Ⅰ英译汉

1.已经被用来制造移植心脏

2.已经受到影响

3.已经被提供给顾客

4.已经借助3D打印技术被制造出来

Ⅱ句型改写

1.Many great breakthroughs have been achieved in medical research by scientists.

2.3D‑printing technology has been used to help injured animals.

3.Several important papers on this topic have been published.

Ⅲ单选

1.B 2.A  3.C

Ⅳ中译英

1.Many important scientific discoveries have been made by scientists.

2.In the past few years, 3D‑printing technology has been used to save injured animals.

口语&写作：科技产品变迁与未来预测（口语+写作） 

一、核心话题词汇

描述过去的旧设备

radio cassette player 磁带收录机

rotary‑dial telephone 旋转拨号老式电话

bulky adj.笨重的

out‑of‑date adj.过时的

original version 最初版本

描述现在的产品

portable adj.便携的

multifunctional adj.多功能的

high‑tech adj.高科技的

compact adj.小巧紧凑的

wireless adj.无线的

预测未来（写作&口语必背）

automatic adj.自动的

intelligent adj.智能的

simplify v.简化

replace v.取代

advance v.进步；n.进步

二、课本 Useful expressions（预测未来句型）

1.It will become… 它将会变成……

2.People will use… instead of… 人们将会使用……而不是……

3.It will be… for people to… 人们将会……（做某事）

4.There will be no… because… 将不再有……，因为……

拓展高分句型

1.With the advance of technology, … 随着科技的进步，……

2.Great changes have taken place in… over the past decades.

在过去几十年间，……发生巨大变化。（现在完成时，描述变迁）

3.It is likely that… ……很有可能（书面预测）

4.…will be replaced by… ……将会被……取代（将来时被动）

三、范例笔记（以mobile phone手机为例）

My object: mobile phone

How it will change: It will become tiny and fully intelligent. It will be able to carry out most daily tasks automatically.

Why it will change: Technology will keep advancing, and people will demand greater convenience.

中文翻译

我的物品：手机

它将会如何变化：它会变得微型、全智能化，能够自动完成大部分日常事务。

变化原因：科技会持续进步，人们会追求更高的便捷度。

四、口语汇报范文

I’d like to talk about the mobile phone.

Great changes have taken place in mobile phones over the past decades. In the old days, mobile phones were bulky and could only make phone calls.

In the next 50 years, it will become much smaller and more intelligent. People will use tiny wearable phones instead of the large ones we hold in hands. It will be very convenient for people to deal with daily work. There will be no heavy traditional phones because new technology will come into being.

Such changes will take place because people are always looking for greater convenience and higher efficiency.

中文翻译

我想谈谈手机。过去几十年，手机发生巨大改变。过去手机笨重，只能打电话。

未来50年，手机会变得更小、更智能。人们会使用微型可穿戴手机，替代现在手里拿的大屏手机。人们处理日常事务将会十分便捷。笨重传统手机将会不复存在，因为新技术会不断诞生。

发生这些变化，是因为人们一直在追求更高的便捷与效率。

五、写作范文（作文“科技改变生活”）

Technological products have gone through amazing changes during the past decades. Many old‑fashioned devices, such as rotary‑dial telephones and big cassette players, have been replaced by smart, portable equipment. Looking ahead 50 years, many of our daily objects will be greatly transformed. With constant technological advances, they will become more intelligent to satisfy people’s demand for convenience. Some traditional forms will disappear completely.

中文翻译

科技产品在过去数十年经历惊人变革。许多老式设备，例如拨号电话、大型磁带录音机，已经被小巧智能的设备取代。展望50年后，很多日常物品将会发生巨大革新。随着科技持续发展，它们会变得更加智能，满足人们对便捷的需求。部分传统形态将会彻底消失。

六、自测题

Ⅰ英译汉

1.Great changes have taken place over the years ________________________

2.People will use … instead of … ________________________

3.It will be convenient for people to … ________________________

4.with the advance of technology ________________________

Ⅱ汉译英 

1.未来它将会变得更加智能。________________________

2.人们将会使用可穿戴设备代替传统手机。________________________

3.将不再有笨重的老式收音机，因为科技会持续进步。________________________

小写作（80词，写一个物品的变迁与未来预测）

参考物品：computer 电脑

参考答案

Ⅰ英译汉

1.这些年发生了巨大的变化

2.人们将会使用……而不是……

3.人们做……将会很方便

4.随着科技的进步

Ⅱ汉译英

1.It will become more intelligent in the future.

2.People will use wearable devices instead of traditional mobile phones.

3.There will be no bulky old‑style radios because technology will keep advancing.

小写作参考范文

Great changes have taken place in computers. Decades ago, computers were extremely bulky. Now they have become portable. In the next 50 years, computers will become even smaller and more intelligent. People will use wearable computers instead of modern laptops. It will be easy for people to finish work anywhere. There will be no heavy computers because technology will keep advancing.