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高考英语非谓语的最新命题思路

高考英语非谓语的最新命题思路

近年来,高考英语语法填空的命题思路呈现出从单纯考查语法规则向语境化、语篇化转变的趋势。题目不再孤立地测试某一语法点,而是将考点融入完整的语篇中,强调在真实语境中理解和运用语言的能力。命题者更注重考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的把握,以及词汇在具体语境中的灵活运用。死背规则往往会跳入命题人的陷阱。

经典的非谓语题目

1.Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ______(61)(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 2023年新课标1

2.It is also common for them _________(56)(hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the SpringFestival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals. 2026年新课标1

3.I remember ______(61)(push) in a supermarket trolley (手推车) over theuneven car park ground like riding a rollercoaster. 20261月浙江卷

错误分析如下

第一题,allow sb to do sth,故填to lift

第二题,it is common for sb to do sth,故填to hold

第三题,remember doing sth表示“记得做过某事”,故填pushing

正确答案如下

第一题to be lifted

第二题to be held

第三题being pushed。  

错误分析

这三道题的错误答案与正确答案的差异,恰恰揭示了非谓语动词解题中两个最容易被忽视的维度:“语态”与“逻辑主语”

第一题中,虽然allow sb to do sth”结构正确,但主语“them”与“lift”之间是被动关系,故用被动语态to be lifted

第二题中,them”与“hold”之间是被动关系——被举行、被使用的,因此必须用to be held

第三题中,I”与“push”之间也是被动关系——我是被手推车载着颠簸的,而非自己在推车,故用being pushed

这三道题共同说明,非谓语动词的选择不能仅凭固定搭配机械套用,而必须回到句子本身,先判断逻辑主语与动词之间的主被动关系,再结合时态要求确定最终形式。考生在平时练习中,应养成“三步走”的解题习惯:先找逻辑主语,再判主被动,最后定时态。这种“三步走”策略看似简单,却是规避非谓语动词失分的核心路径。许多考生在考场上急于套用“remember to do”或“allow sb to do”等固定搭配,却忽略了搭配内部的主被动关系,导致在语态判断上失分。

因此,建议在复习非谓语动词时,将固定搭配与语境分析结合训练,每做完一题都主动追问“谁发出这个动作”“动作承受者是谁”,以此强化语态敏感度。同时,可整理常见易错搭配清单,如“remember doing/to do”“allow sb to do/to be done”等,在清单中标注出主被动差异的典型例题,反复对比记忆。

非谓语的解题技巧

如果括号内为及物动词,后面有宾语用主动,无宾语则优先考虑被动;若括号内为不及物动词,则不存在被动语态,直接考虑主动。这一判断标准在实战中极为有效,能帮助考生快速锁定方向。

例如,看到The problem requires ______ (solve)”时,先判断solve为及物动词,其后无宾语,故需用被动形式to be solvedbeing solved;而“We need ______ (solve) the problem.solve后有宾语the problem,故用主动形式to solve

此外,还需警惕主动形式表被动意义的特殊结构,如need/want/require后接doing形式,如“The car needs washing.”虽形式主动,但意义被动,相当于“The car needs to be washed.”。这类特殊结构在考试中反复出现,考生应将其作为独立考点记忆,而非依赖常规主被动判断。

在实战演练中,建议将上述判断标准与特殊结构分开处理:先按及物动词看宾语、不及物动词用主动的常规流程快速定位,再单独核对是否存在特殊结构。若题目中出现need/want/require/be worth等词,则优先考虑doing形式表被动含义。

综合练习

Childhood‑time community activities leave deep marks on us.

I still remember ①________ (lead) by my grandma to join neighborhood cultural events when I was seven. I remember ②________ (perform) simple folk dances together with other kids on the square. Sometimes I forget ③________ (arrive) early for preparations, so I would miss part of the opening show.

It is common for local residents ④________ (take) an active part in these activities. It is also common for such events ⑤________ (organize) during traditional festivals. The open‑air stage allows volunteers ⑥________ (put) on various performances. It also allows wonderful folk arts ⑦________ (show) to more young people.

It is necessary for teenagers ⑧________ (gain) exposure to our local culture. And it is vital for these valuable traditions ⑨________ (pass) down generation after generation. I will never forget ⑩________ (encourage) by the old artists to learn folk art in those years.

参考答案

第一组答案:

to taketo be kept to reuse to be reduced。此题考查enable/allow后接“宾语+不定式”结构,其中②④因宾语与动作间存在被动关系,需用不定式的被动式to be done

第二组答案

to carryto be scanned to store to be protected。此题同样考查“动词+宾语+不定式”结构,其中②④因宾语与动作之间为被动关系,需用不定式的被动式to be done。整体来看,这两组练习的核心考点一致。

第三组答案

to putto be held to learn to be passed。此题考查“It is + adj. + for sb./sth. + to do”结构,其中②④因主语与动作之间为被动关系,需用不定式的被动式to be heldto be passed。整体来看,此题的核心考点在于“It is + adj. + for + 名词/代词 不定式”结构中,不定式主动式与被动式的选择取决于主语与动词之间的逻辑关系:若主语是动作的执行者,用主动式to do;若主语是动作的承受者,则用被动式to be done

第四组答案

to displayto be visited to develop to be preserved。此题同样考查“It is + adj. + for + 名词 不定式”结构,其中①③因主语与动作之间为主动关系,用不定式主动式;②④因主语是动作的承受者,用不定式被动式。

第五组答案:

runningbeing carried being told being taken。此题考查“remember doing sth.”结构,表示“记得做过某事”。其中①因主语与动作之间为主动关系,用动名词主动式;②③④因主语是动作的承受者,用动名词被动式。

第六组答案:

to lockbeing taken to buy being invited。此题考查“forget to do sth.”与“forget doing sth.”的区别。①③因动作未发生,用不定式表示“忘记去做”;②④因动作已发生且主语是承受者,用动名词被动式表示“忘记曾被做”。注意区分:forget to do 强调“忘记去做某事”,动作未发生;forget doing 强调“忘记做过某事”,动作已发生。

综合练习答案:① being led② performing ③ to arrive ④ to take ⑤ to be organized ⑥ to put ⑦ to be shown ⑧ to gain ⑨ to be passed ⑩ being encouraged

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