文档内容
高考英语语法词汇专项突破：16全解读非谓语之非谓语动词综合训练+答案+解析
一、语法填空
No 1: (改编自2023年新课标全国Ⅱ卷)第二节
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a 1.______(question) look.
Behind it, the person is trying 2._____ (figure) out who exactly I teach…the animals?
Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been
helping the panda keepers at the zoo 3.______ (feel) more comfortable and confident 4.______ (speak) English.
And who do they speak English with?
Not the pandas, even though the language 5.______(use) for the medical 6._______ (train) instructions is
actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 7. ________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers
who often come 8. ______ (check) on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready
9.______ ______ (give) interviews in English with international journalists. This is why they need an English
trainer.
So, what are they learning? Basically, how 10._______ （describe）a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to
watch the panda programme develop and to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I wished
11.______ (be) a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by 12._______ (help) the
panda keepers do their job in English.
Keys: 体裁：记叙文 主题：人与社会-在动物园教英语
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了作者在动物园教英语的经历和原因。
【答案与解析】
1.questioning。及物动词question的意思“询问，怀疑，对......提出异议”，其现在分词questioning作
形容词，意思是“询问的，表示怀疑的”，根据 Whenever ...almost always的提示看出是现在分词作形容
词，故填questing。表示“怀疑的表情”
2.to figure。 短语figure out此处意思是意思是“弄清楚”，另外还有“解决、算出、想出”的意思。
根据behind it“在不解的表情背后”看出应该是“那个人就会极力要弄清楚我到底教的是谁，难道是动物”，
用try to do sth表示“努力做某事”。
3.to feel/feel。短语halp sb (to) do sth意思是“帮某人做某事”，help后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，
其中的to在主动语态中可有可无。故填to feel/feel。
4.speaking。现在分词作状语，相当于 When they speak English, they feel more comfortable and
confident.。
5.used。根据后面的系动词 is 看出此处不该用谓语动词，结合句意看出是定语，use与被修饰词
language是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填used。
6.training。 根据句意和名词instructions看出用动名词作定语，表示被修饰名词instruction的用途。故
填training。7. visiting。 考查现在分词作形容词。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语；
visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动
物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。
8.to check。 动词不定式作目的状语。
9.to give。 根据形容词ready看出用不定式作状语，短语be ready to do sth.意思是“准备做某事”。
10.to describe。 根据What are they learning中的what看出此处用相当于名词性的词来回答what，根据
特殊疑问词how和所给动词看出是“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构。故填to describe。
11.to be。 wish跟动词不定式作宾语。
12.helping。 介词跟动词作宾语，通常不用动词不定式，by doing作方式状语，表示方式、手段。
No 2: (改编自2023年全国甲卷) 第二节
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 1.______ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the sixth
century, B. C. Yet, the form of the fable still 2.______ (have) values today, as Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for
Tomorrow.”
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at
children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed 3.______ (enjoy) peaceful
existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, 4.______ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old
fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 5._____ (intend) intended for everyone.
Different from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the
environmental dangers 6. ______ (face) society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility for
7.______ (save) their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is
a more weighty 8______ (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that -
—9._________ (pass) down through the ages can still 10. ________ (employ) today to draw attention to
important truths.
体裁：说明文 主题：人与社会一寓言
【语篇导读】本文介绍了一种用来传递智慧、引起人们对重要真理的关注的文学形式------寓言。
【答案与解析】
1.to teach。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并相据空后的 or可知，________(teach) a lesson和to pass on
wisdom是并列结构，所以空处也应用动同不是式, 填to teach。
2.has 3.to enjoy
4.Borrowing分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词begins,故空处应用非谓语动词形式。borrow与其逻辑主
语her fable为主谓关系，故应用现在分词形式作状语，表主动。故填borrowing
5.Intended 分析句子结构可知句中已有谓语动词is, 所以空处应填非谓语动词形式。此句为倒装句，空处与
a serious message之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作后置定语, 故填intended。6.facing 7. saving
8.warning 根据空前的不定冠词a和形容词weighty以及空后的about可知，此处应填名词形式。故填
warning。
9.has been passed
10.be employed 空处是谓语动词，employ和其逻辑主语a simple literary form之间是动宾关系，故句子应用
被动语态；上文已有情态动词can,助动词应为be, 故填be employed。
No 3:
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many years ago, a young foreigner 1. _________( call) Marco polo traveled a1l the way from Italy to China.
From then on a window to the east has been 2.__________( open) for Westerners.Two kinds of gold coins once 3.
___________( make) by Europeans showed their respects to the great explorer.
Marco Polo was 4. __________( bear) in 1254. He lived in Venice, a rich city in Italy. Marco's father and uncle
were merchants. They had traveled to the east. So when Marco was young, he enjoyed 5.____________ ( listen) to
the stories about the places 6. __________( visit ) by his father. His father decided 7. _________( take) him on a
trip. When Marco Polo was just 17, he left his country for China. They were among the first 8.________(go) along
the silk road. They had a lot of trouble in 9.___________( explore). So it was a hard trip for Marco Polo, but he
was very brave. After about four years, Marco met Kublai Khan (忽必烈汗) who gave him a job. Marco spent 17
years 10. ____________(work) for him.
He visited most parts of China. He learned lots of interesting things about Chinese life.When he returned home, he
let others know about things like coal and paper money. He wrote about his trip in a famous book.
【参考答案与解析】
1.called。called用作定语修饰Marco polo, call与foreigner是被动关系，故用过去分词。
2.opened。window与open为被动关系，用过去分词，和前面的be动词一起构成被动语态。
3.made。made作定语修饰前面的coins，make与coin为被动关系，故用过去分词。
4.born。be born in出生于，固定搭配。
5.listening。及物动词enjoy跟动名词作宾语，enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事。
6.visited。visited做后置定语修饰places，places与visit为被动关系，用过去分词。
7.to take。及物动词decide跟不定式作宾语，decide to do sth. 意思是“决定做某事”。
8.to go。被修饰词是序数词，所以用非谓语动词的不定式修饰序数词，应该用不定式。
9. exploring。have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难。固定搭配。
10.working。spend some time doing sth. 花费时间做某事，固定搭配。二、高考真题单项选择
1.（2022 天津卷·第二次）________ his restless students occupied with an indoor sport on rainy
days, James Naismith created basketball.
A. To be kept B. Kept /C. To keep D. Keeping
2.（2022 天津卷·第二次）The city temperatures have returned from record low to normal,
________ the citizens to enjoy the outdoors again.
/A. allowing B. being allowedC. having allowed D. having been allowed
3.(2022 天津卷·第一次) Hemingway wrote novels and short stories_______ on his personal
experiences of the First World War.
/A.based B. to base C. basing D. being based
4.(2021 天津卷·第一次）China's National Highway 318,_________ over 5,000 kilometers from
Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet, is known as the “heavenly road” for its amazing views.
A. to extend B. extended /C. extending D. being extended
5.（2021天津卷·第二次）Mary became a baker at age 14, because her grandfather paid the local
baker_________ her all the skills.
A. to have taught /B. to teach C. teaching D. having taught
6.（2020 天津卷·第二次）_________ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading
through our notes.
/A. To help B. Helped C. Helping D. Being helped
7.（2020天津卷·第二次）The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet ______
for 10 minutes at the end of the show.
A. being clapped B. clap C. clapped /D. clapping
8. (2020 天津卷·第一次)______ in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until
1954, inspired the imagination of the world.
A. Having completed B. Being completed /C. Completed D. Completing
9. (2020 天 津 卷 · 第 一 次 ) The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental
protection_________ economic growth.
A. to be promoted B. being promoted C. promoting /D. to promote
10. (2019天津卷) _________to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for thefuture.
A.Learn B.Learned /C.Learning D.Having learned
11. (2019 天津卷) Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially________to help
them succeed academically and personally.
/A.designed B.designing C.to design D.being designed
12. (2018天津卷) I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph_________ .
A.taking /B.taken C.being taken D.take
13. (2016 天 津 卷 ) The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, _________ air
conditioning unnecessary.
/A.making B.to make C.made D.being made
14. (2015天津卷) __________ in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
A.To absorb B.To be absorbed /C.Absorbed D.Absorbing
15.(2015天津卷) __________ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
A.To work B.Worked C.To be working /D.Having worked
16.(2011 天津卷) Passengers are permitted_________ only one piece of hand luggage onto the
plane.
/A.to carry B.carrying C.to be carried D.being carried
1-5 CAACB 6-10 ADCDC 11-15 ABACD 16.A
三、谓语动词和非谓语动词对比练习
1. ①He volunteered to help control traffic, (donate) an hour of his time every week.
②He volunteered to help control traffic, and (donate) an hour of his time every week.
2. ①The guide (lead) the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
②The guide (lead) the way, so we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
3.①The party will be held in the garden, weather (permit)．
②The party will be held in the garden, if weather (permit)．
4.①Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, and all his attention (fix) on it.
②Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, with all his attention (fix) on it.
③Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, (fix) all his attention on it.
5.①He went into the room, (sit) at the table and began to read newspapers.
②They walked along the stream together, (talk) and laughing.【答案与解析】
1.①donating ②donated 两句的差别是连词and。分析句子结构可知，句①中空处作状语；句②中空处由
and连接，与volunteered并列作谓语。
2.①leading ②led 两句的差别是连词so。分析句子结构可知，句①为独立主格结构作原因状语；句②为
so连接的两个并列句，空处所填词应与第二个并列分句的谓语动词时态一致。
3.①permitting ②permits 两句的差别是连词if。分析句子结构可知，句①为独立主格结构作条件状语；句
②为if引导的条件状语从句。
4. ①was fixed ②fixed ③fixing 三句的差别是逗号后面的部分。分析句子结构可知，句①为and连接
的两个并列句，通过对其时态、语态的分析可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态；句②后半句为with复合结
构；句③后半句为动词-ing形式作伴随状语。
5.①sat ②talking 两句看似结构一致，但仔细分析却是大相径庭。句①为一连串的谓语动词先后发生，在
最后两个动词之间加了连词and；句②由laughing及连词and可以判断，talk应使用动词-ing形式作伴随状
语。
四、单项选择练习
1.Mr Smith is expecting some visitors this morning and he wants to have his office____ clean and tidy.
A. looked B. being looked C. look D. to look
2.If _____ green, the door might look more beautiful.
A. paint B. painted C. painting D. to paint
3.It is difficult to get the car____ on cold morning.
A. to go B. go C. going D. gone
4. ____ more clearly, they came up and get close to it.
A. Seeing B. To see C. Seen D. To be seen.
5. _____ in a heavy rain, the climbers had to stop climbing the light mountain.
A. To catch B. Having caught C. Caught D. Catching
6. It’s a pity that some students have learnt English for a long time, but have never heard a word of it ______.
A. spoke B. speaking C. spoken D. speak
7. ----You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
---- Well, now I regret _____ that.
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
8. The football match was _____, and we were all ______.A. exciting; exciting B. excited; excited
C. exciting; excited D. excited; exciting
9. Last night I followed him here and climbed in, _______.
A. sword in hand B. a sword was in my hand
C. with a sword in hand D. a sword in hand
10. I prefer ____ at home rather than ______ to the cinema.
A. to stay; going B. staying; to go C. to stay; go D. staying; going
11. Don’t let you mother know all the truth. She appears _____ everything.
A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told
12. He jumped onto the table in order to make himself _____.
A. seeing B. saw C. seen D. to be seen
13. When I passed your room, I heard you ____ the new song, but I missed the very beginning.
A. to sing B. sing C. singing D. sung
14. Jack had all work but no play, _____ him a dull boy.
A. made B. makes C. to make D. making
15. He is said ____ English in Oxford for ten year.
A. to have taught B. to be teaching C. teaching D. that he has taught.
16. ____ , I will give the book to him.
A. The moment I will see him B. As soon as I will see him
C. On seeing him D. At seeing him
17. Those gymnastics movements require ____.
A. to improve B. improving C. being improved D. improved
18. ____ from his ____ look, he enjoyed himself at the party.
A. Judging; excited B. Being judged; excited
C. To judge; exciting D. Having been judged; exciting
19. _____ of reading, he put down the book and stopped ____ TV.
A. Tired; to watch B. Tired; watching
C. Tiring; watching D. Tiring; to watch
20. _____ , I don’t like English.
A. Being honest B. Being honesty C. To be honesty D. To be honest
21. The question_____ at present has something important to do with our daily life.
A. to be discussed B. to discuss C. been discussed D. being discussed22. As he had broken the window, the boy was sitting there,______.
A. not daring make a sound B. not daring to make a sound
C. daring not make a sound D. daring not to make a sound
23. ____ from his twin at birth, he didn’t know he had a brother until he was twenty.
A. Separating B. By separating C. Separated D. Being separated.
24. I’ll go to America next week. Have you anything ____ to your parents?
A. take B. taking C. to take D. to be taken
25. She’s looking forward as much to his return as he himself to _____her.
A. have seen B. seeing C. see D. gives
26. Our English teacher always does what she can _____ us with our English.
A. help B. to help C. helping D. helps
27. ----I try ____ the rule but I always forget.
----Why don’t you try _____ it down.
A. to remember; writing B. remembering; to write
C. to remember; to write D. remembering; writing
28. In the ____ years, greater changes took place in this village.
A. follow B. followed C. following D. having followed
29. Could you tell me the way you have thought of ____ out the experiment.
A. carrying B. to carry C. carry D. carries
30. He managed to prevent himself from______.
A. discovering B. discovered C. being discovered D. having discovered
【参考答案与解题思路点拨】
KEY: 1-5 CBCBC 6-10 CDCAC 11-15 DCCDA 16-20 CBAAD 21-25 DBCDB 26-30 BABBC
1. 点拨：C 在固定结构“have+宾语+宾补”中，have表示“使得”，look是省去to的不定式作宾补。
2. 点拨：B If painted green是过去分词短语在句中作条件状语，过去分词paint与句子的主语the door之间
是被动关系。分词短语在句中作状语时可根据意义要求在前面用一个连词，如常见的if ,when, while,
once等。
3．点拨：C get sb/sth. doing 让某人开始工作；让某物开始活动起来。
4. 点拨：B 不定式短语作目的状主语。
5. 点拨：C 过去分词短作原因状语。sb be caught in某人撞上（风、雪、雨等）。6. 点拨：C 过去分词spoken在句中作宾补，与宾语a word of it之间存在着被动关系。
7. 点拨：D regret doing sth后悔做了某事，doing这一行为发生在regret之前，regret to do sth很遗憾地做某
事，to do 这一行为发生在regret之后，由句尾的that而知，事情已经发生。
8. 点拨： C现在分词作表语，与句子的主语在逻辑上为主谓关系。过去分词作表语，与句子主语在逻辑
上为动宾关系。
9. 点拨：A sword in hand是独立主格结构作方式伴随状语。独立主格结构中的单数名词之前习惯不用修
饰语。sword in hand= with a sword in his hand.
10. 点拨：C I prefer to stay at home rather than go to the cinema= I prefer staying at home to going to the
cinema.
11. 点拨：D tell与she之间为动宾关系，tell这一动作发生在appear之前。
12. 点拨：C 站到高处是为了让自己被别人看到。过去分词作宾补表示“宾语被……”。
13. 点拨：C 感观动词之后的宾补如果用现在分词则表示“听到/看到…正在做某事”，是指这个事情的局
部。而如果用不定式（省to）作宾补，则表示“听到/看到……做了某事”，是指这个事情的全过程。
语境提示：I missed the very beginning.
14. 点拨：D 现在分词作结果状果。
15. 点拨：A sb/ sth be said +不定式短语=it be said that sb/sth…
16. 点拨：C on seeing him= as soon as I see him
17. 点拨：B 表示“需要”时，物作主语，动名词表被动含义，不用被动形式。Need, want有同样的用
法，另外，注意也be worth有类似的用法。
18. 点拨：A judging from独立成份。
19. 点拨：A tired 表示“感到厌倦的”，Tiring 表示“令人厌倦的”，stop to watch TV表示“为了看电
视，停下别的事”，stop watching TV表示“停止看电视”。
20. 点拨：D To be honest为独立成分，与句子的主语不存在逻辑关系。
21. 点拨：D being discussed at present是-ing分词短语的被动式作定语，修饰The question，意为“目前正
被讨论的问题”。
22. 点拨：B not daring to make a sound是-ing分词短语在句中作方式状语。注意not应置于分词前面。
dare是在此处为实义动词，后接带to的不定式结构作宾语。
23. 点拨：C 该句相当于because he was separated from……24. 点拨：D 不定式的一般形式作定语与被动形式作定语的含义不同。have you anything to take…?中to
take的动作发生者在逻辑上为主语you；而 have you anything to be taken？中，主语 you并不发出
take这一动作，而是另外的人发出 take这一动作。根据语境，应选 to be taken。
25. 点拨：B himself后省略了is looking forward to, 空白处之前的to为介词。
26. 点拨：B 此处用不定式表示行为的目的；what引导的宾语从句有省略现象，应理解为 what she can
do。 do what one can to do sth相当于 do all one can to do sth，表示“尽某人所能做某事”。
27. 点拨：A try to do sth 意为“设法做某事”；try doing sth意为“试着做某事”。此句的意思为：我设
法记下规则，但总是忘记了。为什么不试着写下来呢？
28. 点拨：B following作定语，这时被修饰的词years和follow平共处之间是主动关系。
29. 点拨：B To carry是动词不定式短语作定语，修饰the way。注意：you have thought of是一个定语从
句，修饰the way ，与后面的to carry out无关系。
30. 点拨：C discover 和himself之间存在被动关系。
