文档内容
TESTFORENGLISH MAJORS(2011)
-GRADE EIGHT-
TIMELIMIT:115MIN
PARTⅠ LISTENINGCOMPREHENSION（25MIN）
SECTIONA MINI-LECTURE
In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the
mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is(are) both grammatically and semantically
acceptable.Youmayusetheblanksheetfornote-taking.
YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthegap-fillingtask.
Nowlistentothemini-lecture.Whenitisover,youwillbegivenTHREEminutestocheckyourwork.
SECTIONB INTERVIEW
In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of
each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken
ONCE ONLY.After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four
choicesof[A],[B],[C],and[D],andmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.
YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthechoices.
Now,listentoPartOneoftheinterview.
1.[A]Anappliedlinguist. [B]Asociallinguist.
[C]Apsychological. [D]Aneurolinguist.
2.[A]Differencesbetweentwolanguages. [B]Decliningcapacitytolearnsyntax.
[C]Lackoftimeavailable. [D]Absenceofmotivation.
3.[A]Oldmenandadults. [B]Teenagersandadults.
[C]Oldchildrenandadults. [D]Oldmenandchildren.
4.[A]It’snaturalforlanguagelearnerstomakeerrors.
[B]Differencesbetweenlanguagescausedifficulty.
[C]ThereexistdifferencesbetweenEnglishandCzech.
[D]Difficultystemsfromeitherdifferenceorsimilarity.
5.[A]Thetraditionalmethod. [B]Theaudiolingualmethod.
[C]Theimmersionmethod. [D]Thedirectmethod.
Now,listentoPartTwooftheinterview.
6.[A]Speakingandlisteningbeforereadingandwriting.
[B]Conversationalskillsandallsecond-languageteaching.
[C]Teachingthroughthesecondlanguage.
[D]Goingtothetargetforeigncountry.
7.[A]MichaelHalliday. [B]StephenKrashen.
[C]FerdinanddeSaussure. [D]LeonardBloomfield.
8.[A]Theacquisitionandlearningdistinctionhypothesis.
[B]Thecomprehensibleinputhypothesis.
[C]Themonitorhypothesis.
[D]Theactivefilterhypothesis.
9.[A]Itistheacquisitionandlearningdistinctionhypothesis.
[B]Itisthenaturalorderinacquisitionhypo thesis.
[C]Itholdsthatthelearnermustunderstandthelanguageinput.
[D]Itemphasizestheattitudeandemotionalfactors.10.[A]Causesoflanguagelearningdifficulties.
[B]Differencesbetweenmothertongueandasecondlanguage.
[C]Theoreticalconceptualizationofsecondlanguagelearning.
[D]Pedagogicalimplementationofsecondlanguageteachinginthefuture.
PART Ⅱ READING COMPREHENSION（45MIN）
SECTIONA MULTIPLE-CHOICEQUESTIONS
Inthis section there areseveralpassages followed byfourteen multiple choice questions. For eachmultiple
choicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosethe onethatyouthinkis
thebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.
PASSAGEONE
Whenever we could, Joan and I took refuge in the streets of Gibraltar. The Englishman’s home is his castle
because he has no much choice. There is nowhere to sit in the streets of England, not even, after twilight, in the
public gardens. The climate, very often, does not even permit him to walk outside. Naturally, he stays indoors and
createsacocoonofcomfort.ThatwasthewaywelivedinLeeds.
These southern people, on the other hand, look outwards. The Gibraltarian home is, typically, a small and
crowded apartment up several flights of dark and dirty stairs. In it, one, two or even three old people share a few
ill-lit rooms with the young family. Once he has eaten, changed his clothes, embraced his wife, kissed his children
andhis parents,there is nothing to keep the southernman athome. He hurries out,taking even his breakfast coffee
at his local bar. He comes home late for his afternoon meal after an appetitive hour at his café. He sleeps for an
hour, dresses, goes out again and stays out until late at night. His wife does not miss him, for she is out, too — at
themarketinthemorningandintheafternoonsittingwithothermothers,baby-mindinginthesun.
The usual Gibraltarian home has no sitting-room, living-room or lounge. The parlour of our working-class
houses would be an intolerable waste of space. Easy-chairs, sofas and such-like furniture are unknown. There are
nobookshelves, because there are no books.Talking anddrinking, as wellas eating, are doneon hard chairs round
the dining-table, between a sideboard decorated with the best glasses and an inevitable display cabinet full of
family treasures, photographs and souvenirs. The elaborate chandelier over this table proclaims it as the hub of the
household and of the family. “Hearth and home” makes very little sense in Gibraltar. One’s home is one’s town or
village,andone’shearthisthesunshine.
Our northern towns are dormitories with cubicles, by comparison. When we congregate — in the churches it
used to be, now in the cinema, say, impersonally, or at public meetings, formally — we are scarcely ever man to
man. Only in our pubs can you find the truly gregarious and communal spirit surviving, and in England even the
pubsaredividedalongclasslines.
Along this Mediterranean coast, home is only a refuge and a retreat. The people live together in the open air
—in the street, market-place. Down here,there is a far stronger feeling of community than we had ever known. In
crowded and circumscribed Gibraltar, with its complicated inter-marriages, its identity of interests, its surviving
senseofsiege,onecanseeandfeelanintegratedsociety.
Tolive in a tiny town with all the organization of a state, with Viceroy(总督), Premier,Parliament, Press and
Pentagon, all in miniature, all within arm’s reach, is an intensive course in civics. In such an environment, nothing
can be hidden, for better or for worse. One’s successes are seen and recognized; one’s failures are immediately
exposed. Social consciousness is at its strongest, with the result that there is a constant and firm pressure towards
good social behaviour, towards courtesy and kindness. Gibraltar, with all its faults, is the friendliest and most
tolerant of places. Straight from the cynical anonymity of a big city, we luxuriated in its happy personalism. We
lookbackonit,likeallitsexiledsonsanddaughters,withtrueaffection.
11. Which of the following best explains the differences in ways of living between the English and the
Gibraltarians?
[A]Thefamilystructure. [B]Religiousbelief.
[C]Theclimate. [D]Eatinghabit.12.Theitalicizedpartinthethirdparagraphimpliesthat____________.
[A]Englishworking-classhomesaresimilartoGibraltarianones
[B]Englishworking-classhomeshavespacioussitting-rooms
[C]Englishworking-classhomeswastealotofspace
[D]theEnglishworking-classparlourisintolerableinGibraltar
13.WelearnfromthedescriptionoftheGibraltarianhomethatitis_________.
[A]modern [B]luxurious [C]stark [D]simple
14. According to the passage people in Gibraltar tend to be well-behaved because of the following EXCEPT
_______.
[A]theentiretyofthestatestructure [B]constantpressurefromthestate
[C]thesmallsizeofthetown [D]transparencyofoccurrences
PASSAGETWO
For office innovators, the unrealized dream of the “paperless” office is a classic example of high-tech hubris
(傲慢).Today’sofficedroneisdrowninginmorepaperthaneverbefore.
Butafterdecadesofhype,Americanofficesmayfinallybelosingtheirpaperobsession.Thedemandforpaper
used to outstrip the growth of the US economy, but the past two or three years have seen a marked slowdown in
sales—despiteahealthyeconomicscene.
Analysts attribute the decline to such factors as advances in digital databases and communication systems.
Escapingourcravingforpaper,however,willbeanythingbutaneasyaffair.
“Old habits are hard to break,” says Merilyn Dunn, a communications supplies director. “There are some
functions that paper serves where a screen display doesn’t work. Those functions are both its strength and its
weakness.”
Intheearlytomid-’90s,aboomingeconomyandimproveddesktopprintershelpedboostpapersalesby6to7
percent each year.The convenience of desktop printing allowed office workers to indulge in printing anything and
everythingatverylittleeffortorcost.
But now, the growth rate of paper sales in the United States is flattening by about half a percent each year.
Between2004and2005,Ms. Dunnsays, plainwhite officepaperwill seelessthana4 percentgrowthrate, despite
the strong overall economy. A primary reason for the change, says Dunn, is that for the first time ever, some 47
percentoftheworkforceenteredthejobmarketaftercomputershadalreadybeenintroducedtooffices.
“We’re finally seeing a reduction in the amount of paper being used per worker in the workplace,” says John
Maine, vice president of a pulp and paper economic consulting firm. “More information is being transmitted
electronically, and more and more people are comfortable with the information residing only in electronic form
withoutprintingmultiplebackups.”
In addition, Mr. Maine points to the lackluster employment market for white-collar workers — the primary
driverofofficepaperconsumption—fortheshiftinpaperusage.
The real paradigm shift may be in the way paper is used. Since the advent of advanced and reliable
office-network systems, data storage has moved away from paper archives. The secretarial art of “filing” is
disappearingfromjobdescriptions.Muchoftoday’sdatamayneverleaveitsoriginaldigitalformat.
The changing attitudes toward paper have finally caught the attention of paper companies, says Richard
Harper,a researcher atMicrosoft. “All ofa sudden, thepaper industry hasstarted thinking, ‘Weneedto learn more
about the behavioural aspects of paper use,’” he says. “They had never asked, they’d just assumed that 70 million
sheetswouldbeboughtperyearasaliteralfunctionofeconomicgrowth.”
To reduce paper use, some companies are working to combine digital and paper capabilities. For example,
Xerox Corp. is developing electronic paper: thin digital displays that respond to a stylus, like a pen on paper.
Notationscanbeerasedorsaveddigitally.
Another idea, intelligent paper, comes from Anoto Group. It would allow notations made with a stylus on a
pageprintedwithaspecialmagneticinktosimultaneouslyappearonacomputerscreen.Even with such technological advances, the improved capabilities of digital storage continue to act against
“paperlessness,” argues Paul Saffo, a technology forecaster. In his prophetic and metaphorical 1989 essay, “The
Electronic Piñata (彩罐),” he suggests that the increasing amounts of electronic data necessarily require more
paper.
“The information industry today is like a huge electronic piñata, composed of a thin paper crust surrounding
an electronic core,” Mr. Saffo wrote. The growing paper crust “is most noticeable, but the hidden electronic core
that produces the crust is far larger — and growing more rapidly.The result is that we are becoming paperless, but
wehardlynoticeatall."
In the same way that digital innovations have increased paper consumption, Saffo says, so has video
conferencing—withitspromiseoffewerin-personmeetings—boostingbusinesstravel.
“That’s one of the great ironies of the information age,” Saffo says. “It’s just common sense that the more
you talk to someone by phone or computer, it inevitably leads to a face-to-face meeting. The best thing for the
aviationindustrywastheInternet.”
15.Whatfunctiondoesthesecondsentenceinthefirstparagraphserve?
[A]Itfurtherexplainshigh-techhubris. [B]Itconfirmstheeffectofhigh-techhubris.
[C]Itoffersacauseforhigh-techhubris. [D]Itoffersacontrasttohigh-techhubris.
16.WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonfortheslowdowninpapersales?
[A]Workforcewithbettercomputerskills. [B]SlowgrowthoftheU.S.economy.
[C]Changingpatternsinpaperuse. [D]Changingemploymenttrends.
17.ThetwoinnovationsbyXeroxCorp.andAnotoGroupfeature________.
[A]integrateduseofpaperanddigitalform [B]ashiftfrompapertodigitalform
[C]theuseofcomputerscreen [D]anewstyleofwriting
18.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“ironyoftheinformationage”?
[A]Thedreamofthe“paperless”officewillberealized.
[B]Peopleusuallyprefertohaveface-to-facemeetings.
[C]Moredigitaldatauseleadstogreaterpaperuse.
[D]Somepeopleareopposedtovideo-conferencing.
PASSAGETHREE
When George Orwell wrote in 1941 that England was “the most class-ridden country under the sun”, he was
only partly right. Societies have always had their hierarchies, with some group perched at the top. In the Indian
stateofBihartheRanveerSena,anupper-casteprivatearmy,evenkilledtostaythere.
BythatmeasureclassinBritainhardlyseemsentrenched(根深蒂固的).ButinanotherwayOrwellwasright,
andcontinuestobe.AsanewYouGovpollshows,Britonsaresurprisinglyalerttoclass—boththeirownandthat
ofothers.And they still think class is sticky.According to the poll, 48%of people aged 30 or over say they expect
to end up better off than their parents. But only 28% expect to end up in a different class. More than two-thirds
thinkneithertheynortheirchildrenwillleavetheclasstheywereborninto.
What does this thing that people cannot escape consist of these days? And what do people look at when
decoding which class someone belongs to? The most useful identifying markers, according to the poll, are
occupation, address,accentandincome, in thatorder.The fact thatincome comes fourth is revealing: though some
of the habits and attitudes that class used to define are more widely spread than they were, class still indicates
somethinglessbluntthanmerewealth.
Occupation is the most trusted guide to class, but changes in the labour market have made that harder to read
thanwhenOrwellwaswriting.Manualworkershaveshrunkalongwith farmingandheavyindustryasaproportion
of the workforce, while the number of people in white-collar jobs has surged. Despite this striking change, when
theywereaskedtoplacethemselvesinaclass,Britsin2006huddledinmuchthesamecategoriesastheydidwhen
theywereaskedin1949.So,jobs,whichwereonceafairlyreliableguidetoclass,havebecomemisleading.
Asurvey conducted earlier this year by Expertian shows how this convergence on similar types of work hasblurred class boundaries. Expertian asked people in a number of different jobs to place themselves in the working
class or the middle class. Secretaries, waiters and journalists were significantly more likely to think themselves
middle-class than accountants, computer programmers or civil servants. Many new white-collar jobs offer no more
autonomy or better prospects than old blue-collar ones.Yet despite the muddle over what the markers of class are
these days, 71% of those polled by YouGov still said they found it very or fairly easy to figure out which class
othersbelongto.
Inadditiontochangesinthelabourmarket,twootherthingshavesmudgedthebordersontheclassmap.First,
since1945Britainhasreceivedlargenumbersofimmigrantswhodonotfiteasilyintoexistingnotionsofclassand
may have their own pyramids to scramble up. The flow of new arrivals has increased since the late 1990s,
multiplyingthiseffect.
Second,barrierstofamehavebeenlowered.Britain’sfast-growingranksofcelebrities—likeDavidBeckham
and his wife Victoria — form a kind of parallel aristocracy open to talent, or at least to those who are uninhibited
enoughtomeettherequestsoftelevisionproducers.Thistoohasmadedefinitionsmorecomplicated.
But many Brits, given the choice, still prefer to identify with the class they were born into rather than that
whichtheirjobsorincomewouldsuggest.Thisoftenentailspretendingtobemorehumblethanisactuallythecase:
22% of white-collar workers told YouGov that they consider themselves working class. Likewise, the Expertian
survey foundthat onein ten adults who callthemselves working class are among the richestasset-owners, and that
over half a million households which earn more than $191,000 a year say they are working class. Pretending to be
granderthanincomeandoccupationsuggestisrarer,thoughithappenstoo.
Ifclassnolongerdescribesaclearsocial,economicorevenpoliticalstatus,isitworthpayinganyattentionto?
Possibly,yes.Itisstillinmostcasescloselycorrelatedwitheducationalattainmentandcareerexpectations.
19.“...classstillindicatessomethinglessbluntthanmerewealth”(ParagraphThree)meansthat________.
[A]classisstilldefinedbyitsownhabitsandattitudes
[B]classwouldrefertosomethingmoresubtlethanmoney
[C]peoplefromdifferentclassesmayhavethesamehabitsorattitudes
[D]incomeisunimportantindeterminingwhichclassonebelongsto
20.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?
[A]White-collarworkerswouldplacethemselvesinadifferentclass.
[B]Peoplewithdifferentjobsmayplacethemselvesinthesameclass.
[C]Occupationandclassarenolongerrelatedwitheachother.
[D]Changesintheworkforcehavemadeitdifficulttodefineclass.
21.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacausetoblurclassdistinction?
[A]Notionsofclassbyimmigrants. [B]Changingtrendsofemployment.
[C]Fewertypesofwork. [D]Easyaccesstofame.
PASSAGEFOUR
The train was whirling onward with such dignity of motion that a glance from the window seemed simply to
provethatplainsofTexaswerepouringeastward.Vastflatsofgreengrass,dull-huedspacesofmesquiteandcactus,
little groups of frame houses, woods of light and tender trees, all were sweeping into the east, sweeping over the
horizon,aprecipice.
AnewlymarriedpairhadboardedthiscoachatSanAntonio.Theman’sfacewasreddenedfrommanydaysin
the wind and sun, and a direct result of his new black clothes was that his brick-coloured hands were constantly
performing in a most conscious fashion. From time to time he looked down respectfully at his attire. He sat with a
hand on each knee, like a man waiting in a barber’s shop.The glances he devoted to other passengers were furtive
andshy.
The bride was notpretty,norwas she very young. She wore a dress of blue cashmere, with small reservations
of velvet here and there, and with steel buttons abounding. She continually twisted her head to regard her puffsleeves,verystiff,andhigh.Theyembarrassedher.Itwasquiteapparentthatshehadcooked,andthatsheexpected
to cook, dutifully.The blushes caused by the careless scrutiny of some passengers as she had entered the car were
strangetoseeuponthisplain,under-classcountenance,whichwasdrawninplacid,almostemotionlesslines.
Theywereevidentlyveryhappy.“Everbeeninaparlor-carbefore?”heasked,smilingwithdelight.
“No,”sheanswered;“Ineverwas.It’sfine,ain’tit?”
“Great!And then after a while we’ll go forward to the dinner, and get a big lay-out. Fresh meal in the world.
Chargeadollar.”
“Oh,dothey?”criedthebride.“Chargeadollar?Why,that’stoomuch—forus—ain’tit,Jack?”
“Northistrip,anyhow,”heansweredbravely.“We’regoingtogothewholething.”
Later he explained to her about the trains. “You see, it’s a thousand miles from one end of Texas to the other;
andthisrunsrightacrossit,andneverstopsbutfourtimes.”Hehadtheprideofanowner.Hepointedouttoherthe
dazzlingfittingsofthecoach;andintruthhereyesopenedwiderandshecontemplatedthesea-greenfiguredvelvet,
the shining brass, silver, and glass, the wood that gleamed as darkly brilliant as the surface of a poolof oil.At one
end a bronze figure sturdily held a support for a separated chamber, and at convenient places on the ceiling were
frescosinoliveandsilver.
Tothe minds of the pair,their surroundings reflected the glory of their marriage that morning in SanAntonio;
thiswastheenvironmentoftheirnewestate;andtheman’sfaceinparticularbeamedwithanelationthatmadehim
appear ridiculous to the Negro porter. This individual at times surveyed them from afar with an amused and
superior grin. On other occasions he bullied them with skill in ways that did not make it exactly plain to them that
theywere beingbullied. Hesubtly usedall themannersof the mostunconquerable kind ofsnobbery.He oppressed
them. But of this oppression they had small knowledge, and they speedily forgot that infrequently a number of
travelers covered them with stares of derisive enjoyment. Historically there was supposed to be something
infinitelyhumorousintheirsituation.
“WearedueinYellowSkyat3:42,”hesaid,lookingtenderlyintohereyes.
“Oh, are we?” she said, as if she had not been aware of it. To evince (表现出) surprise at her husband’s
statement was part of her wifely amiability. She took from a pocket a little silver watch; and as she held it before
her,andstaredatitwithafrownofattention,thenewhusband'sfaceshone.
“IboughtitinSanAnton’fromafriendofmine,”hetoldhergleefully.
“It’s seventeen minutes past twelve,” she said, looking up at him with a kind of shy and clumsy coquetry (调
情；卖俏).Apassenger,notingthisplay,grew excessivelysardonic,andwinkedathimself inoneofthenumerous
mirrors.
Atlasttheywenttothedining-car.TworowsofNegrowaiters,inglowingwhitesuits,surveyedtheirentrance
with the interest, and also the equanimity (平静), of men who had been forewarned. The pair fell to the lot of a
waiter who happened to feel pleasure in steering them through their meal. He viewed them with the manner of a
fatherly pilot,his countenanceradiantwith benevolence.Thepatronage, entwinedwith theordinarydeference,was
notplaintothem.Andyet,astheyreturnedtotheircoach,theyshowedintheirfacesasenseofescape.
22.Thedescriptionofthecouple’sclothesandbehaviouratthebeginningofthepassageseemstoindicatethatthey
hadasenseof__________.
[A]secrecy [B]elation [C]superiority [D]awkwardness
23.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeofotherpeopleonthetraintowardsthecouple?
[A]Theyregardedthecoupleasanobjectoffun.
[B]Theyexpressedindifferencetowardsthecouple.
[C]Theywereverycuriousaboutthecouple.
[D]Theyshowedfriendlinesstowardsthecouple.
24.Whichofthefollowingcontainsametaphor?
[A]...likeamanwaitinginabarber’sshop. [B]...hiscountenanceradiantwithbenevolence.
[C]...sweepingoverthehorizon,aprecipice. [D]...asdarklybrilliantasthesurfaceofapoolofoil.SECTIONB SHORT-ANSWERQUESTIONS
In this section there are eight short-answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each
questioninNOmorethan10wordsinthespaceprovidedonANSWERSHEETTWO.
PASSAGEONE
25.WhatisthestrongersenseamongtheGibraltarians?
PASSAGETWO
26.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards“paperlessness”?
PASSAGETHREE
27.Whydoestheauthor“...Orwellwasright,andcontinuestobe.”(ParagraphTwo)?
28.Whatarethefactorsthathaveblurredclassboundaries?
29.Whatdoesitimplywhensomesuccessfulwhite-collarworkerschoosetostayintheworkingclass?
PASSAGEFOUR
30.Whatcanwelearnabouttheinteriorofthecoach?
31.Whatisthepassengersandconductors’attitudetowardsthecouple?
32.Whatcanweinferaboutthecoupleinthedining-carfromthelastparagraph?
PART Ⅲ LANGUAGE USAGE（15MIN）
The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case,
onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassageandcorrectitinthefollowingway:
Forawrongword， underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneintheblank
providedattheendoftheline．
Foramissingword, markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha“∧”signandwritethe
wordyoubelievetobemissingintheblankprovidedattheendof
theline．
Foranunnecessaryword， crosstheunnecessarywordwithaslash“／”andputthewordinthe
blankprovidedattheendoftheline．
EXAMPLE
When∧artmuseumwantsanewexhibit， (1)_____an_____
itneverbuysthingsinfinishedformandhangs (2)___n_e_v_e_r___
themonthewall．Whenanaturalhistorymuseum
wantsanexhibition,itmustoftenbuildit． (3)___e_x_h_ib_i_t__
ProofreadthegivenpassageonANSWERSHEETTHREEasinstructed.
PART Ⅳ TRANSLATION（25MIN）
Translate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER
SHEETTHREE.
现代社会无论价值观的持有还是生活方式的选择都充满了矛盾。而最让现代人感到尴尬的是，面对重
重矛盾，许多时候你却别无选择。匆忙与休闲是截然不同的两种生活方式。但在现实生活中，人们却在这
两种生活方式间频繁穿梭，有时也说不清自己到底是“休闲着”还是“匆忙着”。譬如说，当我们正在旅游胜地
享受假期，却忽然接到老板的电话，告诉我们客户或工作方面出了麻烦——现代便捷先进工具在此刻显示
出了它狰狞、阴郁的面容——搞得人一下子兴趣全无，接下来的休闲只是徒有其表，因为心里已是火烧火
燎了。
PART Ⅴ WRITING（45MIN）
Withtheupgradingof aheatedonlinedebatesparked byanessayentitled Why ChineseMothersAreSuperior,
publishedintheWallStreetJournalaboutthevirtuesofstrictChineseparenting, writtenbyAmyChua,aprofessorat Yale Law School, parenting and education will never be the same for both Chinese and Westerners. The
following areopinionsfrom both sides. Readthe excerpts carefullyand write your responsein about300words, in
whichyoushould:
1.summarizebrieflytheopinionsfrombothsides;
2.giveyourcomment.
Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality.
Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.
Chinese
A lot of people wonder how Chinese parents raise such stereotypically successful kids. They wonder what
these parents do to produce so many math whizzes and music prodigies, what it’s like inside the family, and
whethertheycoulddoittoo.
There are tons of studies showing marked and quantifiable differences between Chinese andWesterners when
it comes to parenting. In one study of 50American mothers and 48 Chinese mothers, almost 70% of the Western
mothers said that “stressing academic success is not good for children” or “parents need to foster the idea that
learning is fun”. By contrast, roughly none of the Chinese mothers felt the same way. Instead, the vast majority of
the Chinese mothers said that they believe their children can be “the best” students, that “academic achievement
reflects successful parenting” and that if children did not excel at school then there was “a problem” and parents
“were not doing their jobs.” Other studies indicate that compared to Western parents, Chinese parents spend
approximately10times aslongevery daydrillingacademic activities withtheir children.By contrast,Westernkids
aremorelikelytoparticipateinsportsteams.
WhatChinese parentsadvocate is thatnothingis fununtilyou’regood atit.Togetgood atanything you have
towork, andchildrenontheirownneverwanttowork,whichiswhyitiscrucialtooverridetheirpreferences.This
often requires fortitude on the part of the parents because the children will resist; the things are always the hardest
atthebeginning,whichiswhereWesternparentstendtogiveup.
Westerners
A recent manifesto by Chinese-American mother Amy Chua, Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother, chides
Americanparentsforshrinkingfromthepitilessdisciplineshearguesisnecessarytoturnoutgreatstudents.
Therehasbeenwidecriticism ofChua’sbookintheU.S.“Itiskindofextreme.”JeffreySeinfeld, aprofessor
at New York University, told the Los Angles Times. “...standards of parenting need to be realistic and tailored to
eachchild. Children needparentswho canguide them, notforce them todo things theyare probably notinterested
in.”
“In Asia, it’s about long hours—long hours in school, long hours after school. In Finland, the school day is
shorter than it is the U. S. It’s a more appealing model,” saysAndreas Schleicher,who directs the PISAprogram at
theOECD.
There’slesshomework,too.“Anhouradayisgoodenoughtobeasuccessfulstudent,”saysKatjaTuori,who
isinchargeofstudentcounselingatKallahtiComprehensive,whicheducateskidsuptoage16.“Thesekidshavea
life.”
Finland has a number of smart ideas about how to teach kids while letting them be kids. For instance, one
teacher ideally stays with a class from first grade through sixth grade. The teacher has many years to learn the
quirksofaparticulargroupandtailortheteachingapproachaccordingly.
WriteyourresponseonANSWERSHEETFOUR.ANSWERSHEET1(TEM8)
PARTⅠ LISTENINGCOMPREHENSION
SECTIONA MINI-LECTURE
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ClassificationsofCultures
AccordingtoEdwardHall,differentculturesresultindifferentideasaboutthe
World.Hallisananthropologist.Heisinterestedinrelationsbetweencultures.
Ⅰ.High-contextculture
A.feature
—context:moreimportantthanthemessage
—meaning(1)________ (1)__________
i.e.moreattentionpaidto(2)________thantothemessageitself (2)__________
B.examples
—personalspace
—preferencefor(3)________ (3)__________
—lessrespectforprivacy/personalspace
—attentionto(4)________ (4)__________
—conceptoftime
—beliefin(5)________interpretationsoftime (5)__________
—noconcernfor(6)________ (6)__________
—nocontrolovertime
Ⅱ.(7)________ (7)__________
A.feature
—message:separatefromcontext
—meaning(8)________ (8)__________
B.examples
—personalspace
—desire/respectfor(9)________ (9)__________
—lessattentiontobodylanguage
—moreconcernfor(10)________ (10)__________
—attitudetowardtime
—conceptoftime:(11)________ (11)__________
—dislikeof(12)________ (12)__________
—timeseenas(13)________ (13)__________
Ⅲ.Conclusion
awarenessofdifferentculturalassumptions
—(14)________ (14)__________
e.g.business,negotiation,etc.
—(15)________insuccessfulcommunication (15)__________ANSWERAHEET2(TEM8)
PARTⅠ LISTENINGCOMPREHENSION
SECTIONB 1.[A][B][C][D] 6.[A][B][C][D]
2.[A][B][C][D] 7.[A][B][C][D]
3.[A][B][C][D] 8.[A][B][C][D]
4.[A][B][C][D] 9.[A][B][C][D]
5.[A][B][C][D] 10.[A][B][C][D]
PARTⅡ PEADING COMPREHENSION
SECTIONA 11.[A][B][C][D] 16.[A][B][C][D] 21.[A][B][C][D]
12.[A][B][C][D] 17.[A][B][C][D] 22.[A][B][C][D]
13.[A][B][C][D] 18.[A][B][C][D] 23.[A][B][C][D]
14.[A][B][C][D] 19.[A][B][C][D] 24.[A][B][C][D]
15.[A][B][C][D] 20.[A][B][C][D]
SECTIONBSHORT-ANSWERQUESTIONS
下列各题必须使用黑色字迹签字笔在答题区域内作答，超出红色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效。
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32..........................................................................................................................................................................ANSWERSHEET3(TEM8)
PARTⅢ LANGUAGE USAGE
下列各题必须使用黑色字迹签字笔在答题区域内作答，超出红色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效。
Fromaveryearlyage,perhapstheageoffiveorsix,IknewthatwhenI
grewIshouldbeawriter.Betweentheagesofaboutseventeenandtwenty- (1)__________
fourItriedtoabandonthisidea,butIdidsowiththeconsciencethatIwas (2)__________
outragingmytruenatureandthatsoonorlaterIshouldhavetosettledownand (3)__________
writebooks.
Iwasthechildofthree,buttherewasagapoffiveyearsontheeither (4)__________
side,andIbarelysawmyfatherbeforeIwaseight.Forthisandotherreasons
Iwassomewhatlonely,andIsoondevelopeddisagreeingmannerismswhich (5)__________
mademeunpopularthroughoutmyschooldays.Ihadthelonelychild’shabit
ofmakingupstoriesandholdingconversationswithimaginativepersons,andI (6)__________
thinkfromtheverystartmyliteralambitionsweremixedupwiththefeelingof (7)__________
beingisolatedandundervalued.IknewthatIhadafacilitywithwordsanda
poweroffacinginunpleasantfacts,andIfeltthatthiscreatedasortofprivate (8)__________
worldwhichIcouldgetmyownbackformyfailureineverydaylife. (9)__________
Therefore,thevolumeofserious—i.e.seriouslyintended—writingwhichI (10)__________
producedallthroughmychildhoodandboyhoodwouldnotamounttohalfa
dozenpages.Iwrotemyfirstpoemattheageoffive,mymothertakingit
downtodictation.
