专四2019年真题_2025专四专八真题及备考资料_2025专四备考资料_01历年2009-2024专四真题及答案PDF_2009-2023年专四真题

TESTFOR ENGLISHMAJORS(2019) -GRADE FOUR- TIME LIMIT:130MIN PARTⅠ DICTATION [10MIN] Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading,whichwillbedoneatnormalspeed,listen andtry tounderstandthe meaning.For thesecondand third reading, the passage, except the first sentence, will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervalsoffifteenseconds.Thelastreadingwillbedoneatnormalspeedagainandduringthistimeyoushould checkyourwork.YouwillthenbegivenONEminutetocheckthroughyourworkoncemore. WriteonANSWERSHEETONE.Thefirstsentenceofthepassageisalreadyprovided. Now,listentothepassage. SLANG Weoftenuseslangexpressionswhenwetalkbecausetheyaresovividandcolorful._________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ PART Ⅱ LISTENINGCOMPERHESION [20 MIN] SECTIONA TALK In this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at the task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure whatyoufillinisbothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayusetheblanksheetfornote-taking. YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthegap-fillingtask. Now,listentothetalk.Whenitisover,youwillbegivenTWOminutestocheckyourwork. SECTIONB CONVERSATINS Inthissectionyouwillhear twoconversations.Atthe endofeachconversation,fivequestionswillbeasked aboutwhatwas said.Boththe conversations andthe questions willbespokenONCE ONLY.After eachquestion there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of [A], [B], [C] and [D], andmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO. YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthechoices. Now,listentotheconversations. ConversationOne Questions1to5arebasedonConversationOne. 1.[A]Writer. [B]Wells. [C]WriterWells. [D]SusanWriterWells. 2.[A]Shewasacareerwoman. [B]Shewasthenafeminist. [C]Shedidn’tlikehermaidenname. [D]Shetookherhusband’ssurname. 3.[A]Shenamedherselfafterherprofession. [B]Shenamedherselfafterherhometown. [C]Shenamedherselfafteradayoftheweek. [D]Shenamedherselfafterhersculptor. 4.[A]Itgiveswomengreaterequality. [B]Itisagoodsolutiontoanoldproblem. [C]Theproblemtroublingfeministsstillremains. [D]Thesurnameproblemhaspartlybeensolved. 5.[A]HistoryofsurnamesinAmerica [B]Feministmovementinthe1960s. [C]TraditionalsurnamesinEurope. [D]Reasonsforininventionsurnames. ConversationTwo Questions6to10arebasedonConversationTwo. 6.[A]Areporterfromaweeklyprogram. [B]Anexecutivedirectorfromacompany. [C]Aguestonaweeklyprogram. [D]AmagazineeditorfromSanDiego. 7.[A]Topreparealistofthingsthatyouhavedone. [B]Toletyourbossknowthatyouwantapayrise. [C]Toleteverybodyknowyourachievement. [D]Toshamelesslypromoteyourselftoyourboss.8.[A]Becausethebosshasthedataonyourwork. [B]Becauseyouwillbegivenmoreworktodo. [C]Becauseitisunprofessionaltodoso. [D]Becauseothersmaylosetrustinyou. 9.[A]Wecouldearnpraisefromourboss. [B]Wemayforgetthegoodthingswe’vedone. [C]Thingschangequicklyinworksituations. [D]Thebosswillreviewourperformancedata. 10.[A]Websites. [B]Radioprograms. [C]Researchreports. [D]Governmentdocuments. PART Ⅲ LANGUAGE USAGE [10 MIN] There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked [A]. [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEETTWO. 11. Moving from beginning to end by order of time, narration relies on a more natural pattern of organization than ______. [A]willothertypesorwriting [B]doothertypesofwriting [C]onothertypesofwriting [D]othertypesofwriting 12._______theattemptedrescuemission，thehostagesmightstillbealive. [A]Ifitnothadbeenfor [B]Ifhaditnotbeenfor [C]Haditnotbeenfor [D]Hadnotitbeenfor 13.MembersoftheParliamentwerepoised_______aheadwithabilltoapproveconstructionoftheoilpipeline. [A]tomove [B]moving [C]tomoving [D]atmoving 14. Writers often coupled narration with other techniques to develop ideas and support opinions that otherwise ________abstract,unclear,orunconvincing. [A]mayremain [B]couldremain [C]musthaveremained [D]mighthaveremained 15.Protocolwas________enabledhimmakedifficultwithouteverlookingback. [A]who [B]what [C]which [D]that 16.Thewomanhadpersuadedhimtodo_______hewashirednevertodo—revealthecombinationforthelockon theentrance. [A]onething [B]suchonething [C]anyonething [D]theonething 17.Thebadnewswasthathecouldbeaverydangerousperson________hechoosetobe. [A]should [B]could [C]might [D]must 18.“Ifnotus,who?Ifnotnow,when?”Thesetwoquestionsareusedasa________. [A]signofanger [B]callforaction [C]refusaltochange [D]denialofcommitment 19.Whatisthefunctionofthepresentprogressivein“Theyarealwayscallingmebythewrongname”? [A]Toexpressunfavorablefeelings. [B]Toalleviateunnecessaryhostility. [C]Toindicateuncertainty. [D]Todramatizeafact. 20. “Harry was compelled to resign and to come down to London, where he set up as an army coach”The relative clauseinthesentenceservesto________. [A]supplyadditionalinformationaboutLondon [B]describetheantecedent“London” [C]putrestrictionsontheidentityofHarry [D]narrateasequentialactiontakenbyHarry 21.Agroup________casinoshasurgedofficialsnottograntalicensetoafacilityinthecity. [A]opposedto [B]objectedto [C]posedagainst [D]protestedagainst 22.Afterthewar,heworkedonanislandinthePacific,helpingthenatives andmedical________understandeach other’sbehaviorandcultures. [A]faculty [B]persons [C]members [D]personnel 23. The subject of manners is complex. If it were not, there would not be so many ________feelings and so much misunderstandingininternationalcommunication. [A]injurious [B]injured [C]injuring [D]injury24. To illustrate the limits of First Amendment free speech, many have noted that the Constitution does not give youtherighttofalsely________“Fire!”inacrowdedtheater. [A]yelp [B]yank [C]yell [D]yield 25.Thecompanyannouncedthatithasachieveditsmissiontocreatealocalfoodeconomythatis________toany environment. [A]adoptable [B]amendable [C]alterable [D]adaptable 26. Although Patterson acknowledges the disappointing season he with the Vikings, he has no second ________ abouthowhewentabouthisbusiness. [A]thoughts [B]opinions [C]concerns [D]reasons 27. Electronic cigarettes should be subject ________ the same taxes and limitations on public use as traditional tobaccoproducts. [A]about [B]at [C]to [D]on 28. FC Barcelona, ________ the most iconic club in world soccer, beat Manchester United 2-0 to claim the UEFA ChampionsLeaguetitle. [A]controversially [B]arguably [C]debatably [D]finally 29.Thestoresellsliquidvitamins________designedforchildrenunder3. [A]explicitly [B]specially [C]speculatively [D]specifically 30. The three law ________ officers on the plane came to the rescue of a fellow passenger who was allegedly tryingtokillherself. [A]enforcement [B]reinforcement [C]imposition [D]coercion PART Ⅳ CLOZE [10MIN] Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank.Thewordscanbeused ONCE ONLY.Mark the letter foreachwordonANSWER SHEET TWO. [A]daydream [B]disagreement [C]factually [D]if [E]inevitable [F]inseparable [G]lays [H]making [I]perspective [J]resides [K]that [L]thinking [M]thoughtfully [N]ultimately [O]wake To some thinkers, it is machines and their development that drive economic and cultural change. This idea is referred to as technological determinism. Certainly there can be no doubt that machines contributed to the Protestant Reformation and the decline of the Catholic Church’s power in Europe or________(31) television has changed the way family members interact.Those who believe in technological determinism would argue that these changesintheculturallandscapewerethe________(32)resultofnewtechnology. But others see technology as more neutral and claim that the way people use technology is what gives it significance. This ________(33) accepts technology as one of many factors that shape economic and cultural change; technology’s influence is ________(34) determined by how much power it is given by the people and culturesthatuseit. This________(35) about the power of technology is at the heart of the controversy surrounding the new communication technologies.Are we more or less powerless in the________(36) of advances such as the Internet, theWorldWideWeb,andinstantglobalaudioandvisualcommunication?If we areatthe mercyoftechnology,the culture that surrounds us will not be of our________(37) and the best we can hope to do is make our way reasonably well in a world outside our own control. But if these technologies are indeed neutral and their power________(38) in how we choose to use them, we canutilize them responsibly and________(39) to construct and maintain whatever kind of culture we want. As film director and technophile Steve Spielberg explained, “Technology can be our best fiend, and technology can also be the biggest party pooper of our lives, It interrupts ourownstory,interruptsourabilitytohaveathoughtor________(40),toimaginesomethingwonderful.” PART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSION [35MIN]SECTIONA MULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONS In this sectionthere are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For eachmultiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that you think is the bestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO. PASSAGEONE (1) Life can be tough for immigrants inAmerica.As a Romanian bank clerk inAtlanta puts it, to find a good job “you have to be like a wolf in the forest—able to smell out the best meat.”And if you can’t find work, don’t expect the taxpayer to bail you out. Unlike in some European countries, it is extremely hard for an able-bodied immigrant to live off the state.Alaw passed in 1996 explicitly bars most immigrants, even those with legal status, fromreceivingalmostanyfederalbenefits. (2)That is onereason whyAmerica absorbs immigrants better than many other rich countries, accordingto a new study by the University of California. The researchers sought to measure the effect of immigration on the native-bornin20richcountries,takingintoaccountdifferencesinskillsbetweenimmigrantsandnatives,imperfect labormarketsandthesizeofthewelfarestateineachcountry. (3) Their results offer ammunition for fans of more open borders. In 19 out of 20 countries, the authors calculated that shutting the doors entirely to foreign workers would make the native-born worse off. Never mind whatitwoulddoto theimmigrants themselves, whobenefitfarmore thananyoneelse from beingallowedto cross borderstofindwork. (4)Thestudyalsosuggeststhatmostcountriescouldhandlemoreimmigrationthantheycurrentlyallow. InAmerica,a one-percentage pointincrease in the proportion of immigrants in the population made the native-born 0.05% better off. The opposite was true in some countries with generous or ill-designed welfare states, however.A one-point rise in immigration made the native-born slightly worse off inAustria, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. In Belgium, immigrants who lose jobs can receive almost two-thirds of theirmostrecentwageinstatebenefits,whichmustmakethehuntforanewjoblessurgent. (5) None of these effects was large, but the study undermines the claim that immigrants steal jobs from natives or drag down their wages. Many immigrants take jobs that Americans do not want, the study finds. This “smooths” the labor market and ultimately creates more jobs for locals. Native-owned grocery stores do better businessbecausethereareimmigrants topickthefruittheysell. Indiancomputer scientists helpAmericansoftware firms expand.A previous study found that because immigrants typically earn less than locals with similar skills, theyboostcorporateprofits,promptingcompaniestogrowandhiremorelocals. 41.IncreaseinimmigrationinAustriafailstoimprovelocals’lifemainlybecauseof________. [A]lowwagesforlocals [B]imperfectlabormarkets [C]thedesignofthewelfaresystem [D]inadequateskillsofimmigrants 42.WhowillfavorthestudyresultsbyresearchersfromtheUniversityofCalifornia? [A]Peoplewhohavelegalstatus. [B]Peoplewhorunbusinesses. [C]Peoplewhoreceivestatebenefits. [D]Peoplewhoarewillingtoearnless. 43.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor’sattitudetowardimmigrantis________. [A]cautiouslyfavorable [B]slightlynegative [C]stronglynegative [D]quiteambiguous PASSAGETWO (1) There was something in the elderly woman’s behavior that caught my eye. Although slow gestures, and unsureof stepthe woman movedwith deliberation, andtherewasnohesitation in hergestures. She wasas goodas anyoneelse,hermovementssuggested.Andshehadajobtodo. (2) It was a few years ago, and I had taken a part-time holiday-season job in a video store at the local shopping mall. From inside the store,I’d begun to see the people rushing by outside in the mall’s concourse as a riverofhumanity. (3)Theelderlywomanhadwalkedintothestorealongwithayoungerwomanwhoguessedwasherdaughter.Thedaughterwasdisplayingaseriouscaseofimpatience,rollinghereyes,huffingandsighing,checkingherwatch every few seconds. If she had possessed a leash, her mother would have been fastened to it as a means of tugging heralongtokeepstepwiththerushofothershoppers. (4)TheolderwomandetachedfromtheyoungeroneandbegantotickthroughtheDVDsonthenearestshelf. After the slightest hesitation,I walked over and asked if I could help her find something. The woman smiled up at meandshowedme atitle scrawledonacrumpled pieceofpaper.Thetitlewas unusualandabitobscure.Clearly a personlookingforitknewalittleaboutmovies,aboutquality. (5)RatherthanrushingofftolocatetheDVD forthewoman,Iaskedhertowalkwith me soIcouldshowher where she could find it. Looking back,I think I wanted to enjoy her company for a moment. Something about her deliberatemovementsremindedmeofmyownmother,who’dpassedawaythepreviousChristmas. (6) As we walked along the back of the store,I narrated its floor plan: old television shows, action movies, cartoons,sciencefiction.Thewomanseemedgladoftheunrushedcompanyandcasualconversation. (7) We found the movie, and I complimented her on her choice. She smiled and told me it was one she’d enjoyedwhenshewasherson’sageandthatshehopedhewouldenjoyitasmuchasshehad.Maybe,shesaidwith a hint of wistfulness he could enjoy it with his own young children. Then, reluctantly,I had to return the elderly womantoherkeeper,whowasstilltappingherfootatthefrontofthestore. (8)I escorted the older woman to the queue at the cash register and then stepped back and lingered near the younger woman. When the older woman’s turn in line came, she paid in cash, counting out the dollars and coins withthesamesurenessshe'ddisplayedearlier. (9)AsthecashiertuckedtheDVDintoaplasticbag,Iwalkedovertotheyoungerwoman. (10)“Isthatyourmom?”Iasked. (11)I halfway expected her to tell me it was none of my business. But possibly believing me to be tolerantof herimpatience,sherolledhereyesandsaid,“Yeah.”Therewasexasperationinherreply,halfsighandhalfgroan. (12)Stillwatchingthemother,Isaid,“Mindsomeadvice?” (13)“Sure,”saidthedaughter. (14)IsmiledtoshowherIwasn’tcriticizing. “Cherishher,”Isaid.AndthenIansweredhercuriousexpression bysaying,“Whenshe’sgone,it’sthelittlemomentsthat’llcomebacktoyou.Momentslikethis.Iknow.” (15) It was true.I missed my mom still and remembered with melancholy clarity the moments when I’d used myimpatiencetomakeherlifemiserable. (16) The elderly woman moved with her deliberate slowness back to her daughter’s custody. Together they made their way toward the store’s exit. They stood there for a moment, side by side, watching the rush of the holidaycurrentandfor theirplacein it.Thenthedaughterglancedoverandmomentarilyregardedhermother.And slowly, almost reluctantly, she placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around her mother’s shouldersandgentlyguidedherbackintothecrowds. 44.Whatdoes“shehadajobtodo”(Para.1)meanaccordingtothecontext? [A]Shehadaregularjobinthestore. [B]Shewasthinkingofwhattobuy. [C]Shewantedtoaskforhelp. [D]ShewantedtobuyaDVD. 45.WhatdoesthetitleoftheDVDrevealaccordingtotheshopassistant? [A]Theelderlywomanhadsomeknowledgeaboutmovies. [B]Theelderlywomanlikedmoviesforyoungchildren. [C]Theelderlywomanpreferredmovieshersonliked. [D]Theelderlywomanlikedbotholdandnewmovies. 46.Inthepassagetheelderlywoman’sdaughterisdescribedasbeing________. [A]impolite [B]uncaring [C]naive [D]miserly 47.WhilelookingfortheDVDwiththeoldwoman,theshopassistantwas________. [A]hesitant [B]indifferent [C]frustrated [D]patient PASSAGETHREE(1) Reading award-winning literature may boost your ability to read other people, a new study suggests. Researchers at the New School for Social Research, in New York City, found that when they had volunteers read works of acclaimed “literary fiction”, it seemed to temporarily improve their ability to interpret other people’s emotions.Thesamewasnottrueofnonfictionor“popular”fiction,themystery,romanceandscience-fictionbooks thatoftendominatebestsellerlists. (2) Experts said the findings, reported online in Science, suggest that literature might help people to be more perceptiveandengagedintheirlives. (3) “Reading literary fiction isn’t just for passing the time. It’s not just an escape,” said Keith Oatley, a professor emeritus of cognitive psychology at the University of Toronto. It also enables us to better understand others,andthentakethatintoourdailylives. (4) Oatley was not involved in the new research, but worked on some of the first studies to suggest that reading literature can boost people’s empathy for others. His team has found that those who read a lot of fiction tendtoshowgreaterempathyonstandardtests,butthesameisnottrueofavidnonfictionfans. (5) But, the study byOatley and his team cannotprove that literature boosts empathy—empathetic folks may just be drawn to reading fiction, whereas the new study does offer some “cause-and-effect” evidence, Oatley said. For the study, researchers set up a series of five experiments in which participants read either literary fiction, popular fiction, nonfiction or nothing at all before taking some standard tests. One of the tests is known as “Reading the Mind in the Eyes”. People have to look at photos of actors’ eyes, and then guess what emotion is beingexpressedineach.Thetestisconsideredameasureofempathy.Overall,studyparticipantsfaredbetteronthe testafterreadingliteraryfiction,versustheotherthreeconditions. (6)Itwasasmallimprovement,accordingtotheprincipalresearcherDavidComerKidd,“It’snotliketalking people from a(grade) ‘C’ to an ‘A’,” he said. But, Kidd added, the effect was seen after only about 10 minutes’ reading,anditwasastatisticallystrongfinding,meaningit’sunlikelytohavebeenduetochance. (7) “Literary” fiction has no hard-and-fast definition. So Kidd and his colleagues chose contemporary works that have won or been finalists for outstanding literary awards. They included “The Round House”, by Louise Erdrich, “Salvage theBones”, byJesmynWardandthe shortstory “Corrie” byAlice Munro.And“popular”fiction includedbest-sellerslike“GoneGirl”byGillianFlynn,andDanielleSteel’s“TheSinsoftheMother”. (8) What’s so special about literary fiction? “For one, it’s usually more focused on characters than on plot,” Kidd noted. But beyond that, he said, there is usually no single “authoritative narrator” who takes us through the story. “It demands that the reader almost become a writer and fill in the gaps. You really have to think about the characters,”Kiddsaid. (9) Oatley agreed. “Alice Munro doesn’t tell you what to think,” he said. “You, yourself, have to make inferences about characters. And that’s often what we’re doing in our real-life conversations.” Or at least that’s whatpeoplecoulddo. (10) Reading literary fiction could also offer a way to “practice” your social skills and use them more in real life, according to another researcher notinvolved in the study.“It’s like how pilots train in a flight simulator,” said Raymond Mar, an associate professor of psychology at York University, in Toronto, who has collaborated with Oatley.“Thisisagreatstudy,”Marsaidofthenewstudy.Butheaddedthattheoverallresearchinthisareais“still initsinfancy”andonekeyquestioniswhetherliteraryfictionreallyisbetterthanotherfiction. (11)Mar andhiscolleagues recentlyfoundthatfansofromance novelstendedtodobestontestsofempathy. Unlike the current study, Mar’s study did not test people after having them read different types of fiction. So it’s possiblethatthereissomethingelseaboutromance-novelreadersthatmakesthemmoreunderstandingofothers. (12) Still, according to Mar, it’s too early to tell people to trade in their Danielle Steel for Alice Munro, at leastifthegoalisboostingempathy. (13) It’s also possible that plays, movies or even TV shows could build your empathy muscles, according to Kidd.Butreading may bespecial, hesaid, becauseit provides novisuals andyou have toengage your imagination more.(14) Everyone agreed that the findings suggest literature is important beyond entertainment or improving vocabulary.“There’s a common belief that readingliterature is frivolous, or notpractical,”Mar said. “Butthere’s a growingbodyofevidencethatit’simportantinskillsthatweneedinourlives.” 48.Accordingtothenewstudy,whatkindofbooksarelikelytohelppeoplebetterunderstandothers’feelings? [A]Sciencefiction [B]Romancenovels [C]Literaryfiction. [D]Nonfiction. 49.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECTaccordingtothepassage? [A]Oatleyandhiscolleagueswereinvolvedinthenewstudy. [B]Marandhisteamalsotestedpeopleafterreadingfiction. [C]Kiddandhisteamhadpeoplereadprestigiousfiction. [D]Kiddandhisteamwereuncertainabouttheirstudyresults. 50.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaspecialfeatureofliteraryfiction? [A]Morefocusoncharacterdescription. [B]Presenceofanauthoritativenarrator. [C]Demandonreaders’abilitytoinfer. [D]Presenceofreaders’empatheticfeelings. SECTIONB SHORTANSWERQUESTIONS In this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questionswithNOMORETHANTENWORDSinthespaceprovidedonANSWERSHEETTWO. PASSAGEONE 51.Whatdoesthestatement,“...don’texpectthetaxpayertobailyouout.”mean?(Para.1) PASSAGETWO 52.WhydidtheshopassistantleadtheelderlywomantofindtheDVDinsteadoffindingitforher? 53.WhatdoesthelastsentenceinPara.16implyaboutthedaughter’sattitudetowardshermother? PASSAGETHREE 54.Whatarethetwomainadvantagesofreadingliteraryfictionaccordingtothepassage? 55.Whyisreadingspecialwhencomparedwithplaysandmovies? PARTⅥ WRITING [45MIN] ReadcarefullythefollowingexcerptandthenwriteyourresponseinNOLESSTHAN200words,inwhichyou should: 1)summarizethemainmessageofthereport,andthen 2) comment on Brewer’s view that parents should join in with their kids rather than limit their media consumption. Youcansupportyourselfwithinformationfromthereport. Markswillbeawardedforcontentrelevance,contentsufficiency,organizationandlanguagequality. Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks. WriteyourresponseonANSWERSHEETTHREE. Howmuchscreentimeistoomuchforkids? Parents have been advised to limit media consumption of their children, but research suggests it’s the nature ofitthatmatters. For many parents in the digital age, battles with their kids over screen time and devices have become a depressing part of family life. Many parents will now be relieved to hear that recent research suggests that it’s not somuchthelength,butthenatureofthescreentimethatmatters. Jocelyn Brewer,a psychologist who specializes in the concept of “digital nutrition”, likens media diets to what’sonourplates:ratherthancountingcalories(orscreentime),thinkaboutwhatyou’reeating. “It’s not just about whether you consume any potential digital junk foods, but also your relationship totechnologyandtheroleitplaysinyourfamilylife,”saysBrewer. For young children, the most important thing is whether parents and kids are playing, watching or browsing together. A study of 20,000 parents published late last year by the Oxford Internet Institute and Cardiff University determined that there was no correlation between limiting device use and children’s well-being. The study’s lead author Dr Andrew Pryzbylski said: “Our findings suggest the broader family context how parents set rules about digital screen time, and if they’re actively engaged in exploring the digital world together,are more important than therawscreentime.” “The consensus is that screen time, in and of itself, is not harmful—and reasonable restrictions vary greatly, depending on a child’s behavior and personality. There is little point in worrying about how many minutes a day your kids are spending with screens,” says Brewer. “Instead, parents should be doing what they can to ensure that what they’re watching, playing and reading is high-quality, age-appropriate and safe—and joining in wherever possible.” ——THEEND—— ANSWERSHEET1(TEM4) PART Ⅱ LISTENINGCOMPREHENSION SECTIONA TALK 下列各题必须使用黑色字迹签字笔在答题区域作答，超出矩形边框限定区域的答案无效。 RevisionofEssayDrafts Theinitialrevisionshouldfocusontheessayasawhole. Thefirststep:(1)________ (1)__________________  theroughdraft — containingtoolittleortoomuchmaterial — discussingthingsunrelatedto(2)________ (2)__________________  howtorevise — provide(3)________toconvinceyourreaders (3)__________________ — eliminateunrelatedmaterialThesecondstep:revisefororganization  groupsimilarideasintheproperorder  produceanoutlinefromthedrafttocheck(4)________ (4)__________________ Thethirdstep:reviseforlength  mindthestatedlength  stickto(5)________ (5)__________________ Revisefor(6)________oftheessay (6)__________________  (7)________bybreakingupsomelongersentences (7)__________________  useshortsentencestomakeimportantpoints  uselongsentencesto(8)________ (8)__________________  eliminate(9)________expressions (9)__________________  usefreshandinterestingdescriptions  writewith(10)________asmuchaspossible (10)__________________  writeintheactivevoice