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必修 Book 1 Unit 4 Natural Disasters
B 卷·综合能力提升练
(时间：90分钟 满分：120分)
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2022·云南·昆明一中高一期中）Apps to Help in a Disaster
Disasters almost always arrive unexpectedly. But there are computer apps to help people prepare for disasters.
Some apps warn users when a disaster has taken place.
Siren GPS Mobile
The free Siren GPS Mobile app connects users to emergency (紧急事件) services at the tap of the screen. The
app will let emergency workers know where the person in need is.
The app works over cellphone networks. But it also works on Wi-Fi if cellphone networks are down after an
emergency.
Users can create a personal health report on the app to share with emergency services. This will provide
information about medicines that users take, allergies (过敏反应) they might have and other medical information
important to treatment decisions.
Life360
The Life360 app provides a service to keep the loved ones connected. Users can set up a network of people to
share their location, chat and get informed when they are near someone in their network. People in the same
network can use the app on iPhone and Android devices.
The app helps users communicate when they are in danger. The location sharing function can be suspended
(暂停) when desired.
The Life360 app is free, with some services available for a fee.
Red Panic Button
When a person is in danger, the Red Panic Button app might help. This app can send a text message to chosen
contacts providing the user’s location. You can also add a voice or video message or photo to your text and email.
This app can also be used to contact emergency services.
Red Panic Button is free, but extra features are available for a fee*
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂First Aid by American Red Cross
The free First Aid app by the American Red Cross helps guide users in giving first aid to the injured people.
The app can also help with information to help plan for droughts, floods, storms and more.
Watch videos and take tests within the app. Users can switch the app from English to Spanish.
1．Which is not the feature of the Siren GPS Mobile app?
A．It connects users to emergency services.
B．It is useless if your cellphone network is down.
C．Rescuers can get your health information through it.
D．Rescue workers can know where the injured person is.
2．What can you do if you have the Life360 app?
A．Watch over your loved ones’ movements.
B．Keep connected with those in your network.
C．Share your health information with doctors directly.
D．Get hospital information immediately when in danger.
3．What may be the best choice if you want to get information about disasters in advance?
A．Siren GPS Mobile. B．Life360.
C．Red Panic Button. D．First Aid by American Red Cross.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D
【解析】这是一篇应用文。介绍了在灾难时有帮助的几款应用程序。
1．细节理解题。根据Siren GPS Mobile下列第二段中“But it also works on Wi-Fi if cellphone networks are
down after an emergency. (但如果紧急情况下手机网络中断，它也可以在Wi-Fi上运行。)”可知，选项B“如
果你的手机网络坏了，它就没用了。”不是Siren GPS Mobile应用程序的特点。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据Life360下列第一段中“The Life360 app provides a service to keep the loved ones
connected. (Life360应用程序提供了一种让亲人保持联系的服务。)”可知，如果你有Life360应用程序，你
能和你社交圈里的人保持联系。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据First Aid by American Red Cross下列段落中“The app can also help with information
to help plan for droughts, floods, storms and more. (该应用程序还可以提供信息，有助于对干旱、洪水、风暴
等做出计划。)”可知，如果你想提前获得灾难的信息，最好的选择是First Aid by American Red Cross。故选
D项。
B
（2022·新疆·乌鲁木齐市十二中高一期中）On the day the tornado hit, there was no indication that severe
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂weather was on its way—the sky was blue and the sun had been out. The first alert my husband, Jimmy, 67, and I,
65, got came around 9 p. m. , from some scrolling text on the TV Jimmy was watching. He ran upstairs to find me
in our thirdfloor bedroom, and we changed the channel from the presidential primary debate I had been watching to
our local Pensacola, Florida, station.
No sooner had we found coverage of the tornado than it was on top of us. It was the loudest thing I have ever
heard. The bones of the house shook, and the power went out. The wind began to roar through the house, most
likely through blownout windows and the door to our garage. We had three flights of steps to navigate to get to the
relative safety of the first floor, because the cupboard down there is underneath a brick staircase.
I didn’t know how or if we would make it down the steps. It felt as if there were no floor underneath me as the
wind lifted me off my feet. I tried to move forward, but this intense pressure held me in place.
As we reached the last flight of steps, our front door blew out. Pieces of glass that looked like crushed ice flew
everywhere. Suddenly, a threefootlong tree branch crashed into the door frame. It flew over our heads, missing us
by inches. Had we been one step up, it would have hit us.
By the time I reached the cupboard, the tornado had been over us for about a minute. Jimmy pushed me down
to the cupboard floor, but he couldn’t get inside himself because of the wind. I held Jimmy’s arm and tried to bring
Jimmy with it. My knees were full of glass, but at that moment, I felt no pain. If I had let go, Jimmy would have
flown right out the back of the house and into the bay.
All of a sudden, Jimmy lifted off his feet like people in tornadoes do in the movies. I thought he was gone.
And then everything stopped. He landed on his feet. In those first quiet moments, I couldn't believe it was over,
Jimmy said he'd go outside to check. “No,” I said. “Don’t leave me. Don’t leave me. ”
Our neighbor said the storm lasted four minutes. In that time, four of the twelve town houses in our unit were
completely destroyed. Of the houses left standing, ours suffered the most damage. Amazingly, none of us were
severely injured.
4．Where did the husband first get the warning information about the tornado?
A．From the weather forecast.
B．From a movie he was watching.
C．From the local broadcast station.
D．From the moving words on a TV programme.
5．What does the underlined word “coverage” mean?
A．Power. B．Description. C．Arrival. D．Delay.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂6．Why didn't the wife feel pain?
A．Because she didn't get any hurt when the storm hit.
B．Because she was too scared to feel pain.
C．Because she used all her strength to hold on to her husband.
D．Because she had reached the cupboard and she was safe.
7．What's the author's purpose by writing the passage?
A．To share with us her experience of surviving a tornado.
B．To warn us of the danger caused by tornadoes.
C．To show us how to fight against a tornado.
D．To tell us how to protect us from dangerous tornadoes.
【答案】4．D 5．C 6．C 7．A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和丈夫经历了一次龙卷风幸存下来的经历。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The first alert my husband, Jimmy, 67, and I, 65, got came around 9 p. m. ,
from some scrolling text on the TV Jimmy was watching.”(我和我67岁的丈夫吉米第一次接到警报是在晚上9
点左右，当时吉米正在看电视上滚动的文本。)可知，丈夫首先从电视节目上的滚动文本中得知龙卷风的警
告信息。故选D。
5．词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句中的“it was on top of us”(它就在我们上面)和第二句“It was the loudest
thing I have ever heard.”(这是我听过的最响的声音。)可知，此处是指发现龙卷风的到来，所以coverage意
为“到来”。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第五段第三句“I held Jimmy's arm and tried to bring Jimmy with it.”(我抓住吉米的胳膊，
想把吉米也拽过来。)和第五句“If I had let go, Jimmy would have flown right out the back of the house and into
the bay.”(如果我放手，吉米就会从房子后面飞到海湾里去。)可知，妻子并不感到痛苦是因为她用尽了所有
的力气去抓住丈夫。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据第二段“No sooner had we found coverage of the tornado than it was on top of us. It was
the loudest thing I have ever heard. The bones of the house shook, and the power went out. The wind began to roar
through the house, most likely through blownout windows and the door to our garage.”（我们一看到龙卷风的报
道，它就在我们头顶上。这是我听过的最响的声音。房子的骨架摇晃了一下，接着就停电了。风开始呼啸
着穿过房子，很可能是从被吹破的窗户和车库门吹进来的）根据最后一段最后两句“Of the houses left
standing, ours suffered the most damage. Amazingly, none of us were severely injured.”(在幸存的房屋中，我们
的房屋受损最严重。令人惊讶的是，我们都没有严重受伤。)可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是和我们分享她
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂在龙卷风中幸存的经历。故选A。
C
（2022·青海西宁·高一期末）A 6.2-magnitude earthquake hit the Northern California coast on Monday,
bringing significant shaking but likely slight damage to the less-populated area.
The earthquake occurred just after noon and was centered off the coast about 337 kilometers northwest of San
Francisco, just off a tiny town called Petrolia that’s home to fewer than 1,000 people. The nearest population center,
Eureka, is about 72 kilometers north. That left only about 25,000 people in the range of strong or very strong
shaking, according to the US Geological Survey (USGS), though residents as far away as Sacramento and the San
Francisco Bay Area reported feeling trembling.
The Humboldt County Sheriff’s office of emergency services closed a few roads. The USGs said the
earthquake caused losses about less than $ 10 million and no deaths had been reported. The area last suffered an
earthquake of a similar magnitude in 1993, when one person died.
“The shaking lasted for about 20 seconds. Glass bottles fell off the shelves at the store, breaking into pieces on
the floor, but no one was hurt,” Petrolia General Store manager Jane Dexter said. “It was bigger than anything I’ve
felt in my life, ” she added.
California’s Office of Emergency Services (OES) said 2,500 people were told about the earthquake before
shaking began through the state’s early warning system called My Shake. “It is a very useful tool to announce
warning tips. It saved us indeed. Yet, we still have to remain very careful...as large aftershocks (余震) will occur
along the North Coast over the next few days, ” OES Director Mark Ghilarducci said in a statement.
8．What can we learn about the earthquake on Monday?
A．It occurred on the Northern California coast.
B．It brought significant damage to the area.
C．It caused strong shaking in the whole nation.
D．It destroyed a small town completely.
9．What can we infer from Jane Dexter’s words?
A．The store had to be rebuilt.
B．She never felt such a big earthquake.
C．Some workers got badly injured.
D．No one would go shopping at the store.
10．What is Mark Ghilarducci’s advice for people in California?
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂A．Unloading the warning system.
B．Keeping staying in shelters.
C．Working from home over the next few days.
D．Watching out for the aftershocks.
11．Where is this text most likely from?
A．A weather forecast. B．A lab report.
C．A news report. D．A travel guide.
【答案】8．A 9．B 10．D 11．C
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了周一在北加州海岸发生了一场6.2级地震，造成了严重的震动，
可能对这个人口较少的地区造成轻微损害。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“A 6.2-magnitude earthquake hit the Northern California coast on Monday,
bringing significant shaking but likely slight damage to the less-populated area. (周一，一场6.2级地震袭击了北
加州海岸，造成了严重的震动，但可能对这个人口较少的地区造成轻微损害。)”可知，这场地震发生在北
加州海岸。故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第四段““The shaking lasted for about 20 seconds. Glass bottles fell off the shelves
at the store, breaking into pieces on the floor, but no one was hurt,” Petrolia General Store manager Jane Dexter
said. “It was bigger than anything I’ve felt in my life, ” she added.(地震持续了大约20秒。Petrolia百货商店经
理Jane Dexter说：“玻璃瓶从商店的货架上掉下来，在地板上摔成了碎片，但没有人受伤。”她补充说：
“这是我一生中从未有过的感觉。”)”可在，Jane Dexter从未经历过这么严重的地震。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段““It is a very useful tool to announce warning tips. It saved us indeed. Yet, we
still have to remain very careful… as large aftershocks (余震) will occur along the North Coast over the next few
days, ” OES Director Mark Ghilarducci said in a statement.(“这是一个非常有用的系统来宣布警告提示。它确
实拯救了我们。然而，我们仍然必须非常小心……因为未来几天北海岸沿线将发生大余震。”OES主任
Mark Ghilarducci在一份声明中说。)”可知，Mark Ghilarducci建议人们小心余震。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段“A 6.2-magnitude earthquake hit the Northern California coast on Monday,
bringing significant shaking but likely slight damage to the less-populated area. (周一，一场6.2级地震袭击了北
加州海岸，造成了严重的震动，但可能对这个人口较少的地区造成轻微损害。)”可知，文章在第一段就言
简意赅地说明了文章主要内容；第二段详细介绍了地震发生的地区，第四段还有人物采访。这是很典型的
新闻报道。故选C。
D
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂（2022·四川广安·高一期末）For decades, climate scientists have named hurricanes and ranked them
according to the damage. “Naming and categorizing (把……归类) heat waves is also a must,” states a newly
formed international union, called the Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance. “Hurricanes get attention because they
cause obvious physical damage,” says Jennifer Marlon, a climate scientist at Yale University. Heat waves, however,
have less evident effects, since the primary damage is to human health.
Heat waves kill more people in the United States than any other weather-related disaster. Data from the
National Weather Service show that from 1986 to 2019, there were 4,257 deaths as a result of heat. By comparison,
there were fewer deaths by floods (2,907), tornadoes (2,203) or hurricanes (1,405) over the same period. What’s
more, climate change is increasing the possibility of high temperature events worldwide, getting tens of thousands
of people dying each year because of heat.
Some populations are particularly easily harmed by high heat, including people over 65 and those with
potential medical conditions. Historical racial discrimination also puts minority communities at higher risk. Due to
housing policies, they are more likely to live in urban areas, heat islands which lack green spaces that help cool
down neighborhoods.
Part of the naming and ranking process will include defining exactly what a heat wave is. No single definition
currently exists. Without a universally accepted definition of a heat wave, “We don’t have a common understanding
of the danger we face,” says Aaron Bernstein, an expert of the new group. “Defined categories for heat waves could
help local officials better prepare to deal with potential health problems in the face of rising temperatures. And
naming and categorizing heat waves could increase public awareness of the health risks caused by these silent
killers.”
The union is having conversations with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the World
Meteorological Organization and other institutions to develop a standard naming and ranking practice.
12．What do we know about the heat wave in America?
A．It causes most serious physical damage.
B．It has got more attention in recent years.
C．It kills more people than other natural disasters.
D．It is the biggest killer among weather-related disasters.
13．Why are minority populations easily harmed by heat waves?
A．They live in poorly-built houses. B．They lack good medical resources.
C．They have less access to green spaces. D．They are limited in their movements.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂14．What is the author’s attitude towards the expert mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A．Supportive. B．Negative.
C．Conservative (保守的) D．Objective.
15．What does the text intend to tell us about heat waves?
A．They also kill lives like hurricanes. B．They should have names like hurricanes.
C．Climate change is affecting them greatly. D．Measures should be taken to prevent them.
【答案】12．D 13．C 14．A 15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了有关组织和科学家表示，高温应该像飓风一样进行命名，也介
绍了高温所带来的危害和对高温进行命名和分类会带来的好处。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Heat waves kill more people in the United States than any other weather-
related disaster.(在美国，热浪造成的死亡人数比其他任何与天气有关的灾难都要多)”可知，在美国，热浪是
与天气有关的灾害中最大的杀手。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Historical racial discrimination also puts minority communities at higher risk.
Due to housing policies, they are more likely to live in urban areas, heat islands which lack green spaces that help
cool down neighborhoods.(历史上的种族歧视也使少数族裔社区面临更高的风险。由于住房政策的原因，他
们更有可能生活在城市地区，这些热岛地区缺乏有助于冷却社区的绿地。)”可知，少数民族容易受到高温
的伤害因为他们很少接触绿色空间。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段“Part of the naming and ranking process will include defining exactly what a heat
wave is. No single definition currently exists. Without a universally accepted definition of a heat wave, “We don’t
have a common understanding of the danger we face,” says Aaron Bernstein, an expert of the new group. “Defined
categories for heat waves could help local officials better prepare to deal with potential health problems in the face
of rising temperatures. And naming and categorizing heat waves could increase public awareness of the health risks
caused by these silent killers.””(命名和排名过程的一部分将包括准确定义什么是热浪。目前还不存在单一的
定义。没有一个普遍接受的热浪的定义，“我们对我们面临的危险没有一个共同的理解，”新小组的专家
Aaron Bernstein说。“确定热浪类别可以帮助当地官员在气温上升的情况下更好地准备应对潜在的健康问
题。对热浪进行命名和分类可以提高公众对这些无声杀手造成的健康风险的意识。”)”可知，作者认为高
温应该进行命名和排名，所以对第四段中提到的专家的态度是支持的。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据第一段“For decades, climate scientists have named hurricanes and ranked them
according to the damage. “Naming and categorizing（把……归类）heat waves is also a must,” states a newly
formed international union, called the Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance. “Hurricanes get attention because they
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂cause obvious physical damage,” says Jennifer Marlon, a climate scientist at Yale University. Heat waves, however,
have less evident effects, since the primary damage is to human health.(几十年来，气候科学家们一直根据破坏
程度给飓风命名并排序。“对热浪进行命名和分类也是必须的，”一个新成立的国际联盟极端抗热能力联
盟（Extreme heat Resilience Alliance）表示。耶鲁大学气候科学家詹妮弗·马龙说:“飓风之所以受到关注，是
因为它们造成了明显的物理损害。”然而，热浪的影响不太明显，因为它的主要损害是人体健康。)”并结
合文章主要说明了有组织和科学家表示，高温应该像飓风一样进行命名，高温所带来的危害和对高温进行
命名和分类会带来的好处可知，这篇文章想告诉我们高温应该像飓风一样有名字。故选B。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余
选项。
（2022·辽宁·高一期末）China is one of the countries with the most serious natural disasters in the world.
There are many kinds of disasters, with wide distribution, high frequency and heavy losses. In the background of
global climate change, major natural disasters occur from time to time. ____16____ It makes China face even
much severe and complex situation. In order to rase the awareness of disaster prevention and minimize the losses,
warnings and instructions are give to the public. ____17____ Let’s have a look.
Fire
When a fire breaks out, smoke threatens mostly. ____18____ Roll on the ground if you find your clothes on
fire. It is too dangerous to take the elevator in this situation, so it is better to use a bundle of rope and safely slide
down from the balcony. Jumping off the building blindly will cause serious injuries.
Mud-rock flow
Rainstorm may cause mud-rock flow, an it’s really dangerous to stay downstream. When you try to escape
from it, instead of going along the bottom of the ditch, it is much wiser to climb up the mountain horizontally
quickly. Please escape from ditch when selecting camping field. It’s important to check the weather when going
into the mountain
Flood
____19____ We could use a wooden bed or table to make a raft and tie it to a big tree with a safety. rope. We
have to prepare food and warm clothes to get through it.
Lightning strike
On cloudy and rainy days, a lightning strike may happen. ____20____ Of course, you also should stay away
from iron tower poles. We need to pay attention to it even when we stay at home. Close the doors, windows and cut
off the power.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂A．Cut off the power and shut off water sources.
B．Please don’t stand under the tree in such kind of weather.
C．Try to find a higher place, but staying on a roof isn’t a good choice.
D．First you need to take shelter, then find a gap under the table or bed.
E．Losses caused by natural disaster in China are continuously increasing.
F．They also play a part in popularize the knowledge and self-rescue skills.
G．In that case, please cover your nose and your mouth with a wet towel.
【答案】16．E 17．F 18．G 19．C 20．B
【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种重大自然灾害下的防灾自救知识。
16．前文“In the background of global climate change, major natural disasters occur from time to time. (在全球
气候变化的背景下，重大自然灾害时有发生)”以及后文“It makes China face even much severe and complex
situation. (这使中国面临更加严峻和复杂的形势)”故E项“中国自然灾害造成的损失不断增加。”承接上文
有许多自然灾害，损失不断增加引出下文面临更严峻和复杂的形式。故选E项。
17．前文“In order to rase the awareness of disaster prevention and minimize the losses, warnings and instructions
are give to the public. (为了提高防灾意识，最大限度地减少损失，政府向公众发出警告和指示)”故F项“他
们还在普及知识和自救技能方面发挥了作用。”与前文为并列关系。故选F项。
18．前文“When a fire breaks out, smoke threatens mostly. (当火灾发生时，烟雾威胁最大)”故G项“那样的
话，请用湿毛巾捂住鼻子和嘴巴。”是火灾发生时避免烟雾威胁的措施。故选G项。
19．结合小标题“Flood(洪水)”可知，本段主要讲述洪水来临时的办法。故C项“试着找一个更高的地方，
但是呆在屋顶上不是一个好的选择。”符合此处洪水来临时的语境。故选C项。
20．前文“On cloudy and rainy days, a lightning strike may happen. (在阴天和雨天，可能会发生雷击)”故B项
“在这样的天气里，请不要站在树下。”符合此处语境，下雨天站在树下十分危险。故选B项。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选
项。
（2022·全国·高一）Joel Boyers and his wife, Melody Among, were heading home in their helicopter (直升
机）when he received a call for help from a stranger. The caller’s brother and her _____21_____ were trapped on
their roof in Waverly because of the rising floodwater.
The caller _____22_____ Joel Boyers to come to their aid. Boyers looked west towards Waverly at the storm
clouds. Aware of the danger to _____23_____ in such bad weather, though, he _____24_____ put the brother’s
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂address into his _____25_____. Soon, he and Among were in the air,_____26_____ for what they were about to
see in Waverly.
Upon arriving, he found the water below was _____27_____. People were holding on to anything that didn’t
move—roofs, trees. The flooding also ______28______ cell phone service, meaning Boyers couldn’t use his
phone to locate the _____29_____ he was looking for. He flew on anyway.
As Boyers drove the helicopter, Among began ____30____ people on roofs and bridges—anywhere Boyers
could _____31_____ and get them onboard. A rescued man pointed to a teenager. The teenager held onto a branch
with one hand and the other held a dog she’d saved earlier while both were _____32_____ in the current (水流).
With no place for Boyers to land, he _____33_____ the helicopter until it hovered (盘旋) just above the water
line. The rescued man jumped out and swam to the tree, where he helped the teen and the dog to the
_____34_____.
Though the experience was _____35_____, Boyers admitted it was fun.
21．A．neighbour B．wife C．friend D．daughter
22．A．ordered B．attracted C．begged D．challenged
23．A．pack B．fly C．quit D．swim
24．A．immediately B．secretly C．gradually D．creatively
25．A．card B．pocket C．computer D．phone
26．A．unprepared B．intended C．relieved D．recognized
27．A．peaceful B．rapid C．familiar D．clean
28．A．revised B．delivered C．damaged D．registered
29．A．house B．tree C．car D．bridge
30．A．debating with B．adapting to C．commenting on D．searching for
31．A．land B．rise C．jump D．look
32．A．training B．exploring C．experimenting D．struggling
33．A．reserved B．lowered C．followed D．designed
34．A．home B．school C．helicopter D．truck
35．A．plain B．awkward C．adventurous D．formal
【答案】21．D 22．C 23．B 24．A 25．D 26．A 27．B 28．C
29．A 30．D 31．A 32．D 33．B 34．C 35．C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文，讲述了Joel Boyers和他的妻子Melody Among不顾危险，驾驶直升飞机抢救被洪水围困
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂的人的故事。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：打电话者的弟弟和她的女儿由于上涨的洪水被困在韦弗利的屋顶。A.
neighbour邻居；B. wife妻子；C. friend朋友；D. daughter女儿。根据上文“The caller’s brother and her”和
下文“The teenager”可知，打电话的人是女的，她打电话说她的家人被困，“女儿”符合语境。故选D。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：打电话的人恳求Joel Boyers来营救他们。A. ordered命令；B. attracted吸引；
C. begged恳求；D. challenged挑战。根据上文“trapped on their roof in Waverly because of the rising
floodwater”可知，他们被困在屋顶，因此是恳求Joel Boyers来营救他们。故选C。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然意识到在如此恶劣条件下飞行的危险性，但是，他还是立即将求救者
弟弟的地址输入手机。A. pack打包；B. fly飞翔； C. quit停止； D. swim游泳。根据上文“heading home
in their helicopter (直升机)”可知，他们乘坐直升机回家，因此在如此恶劣条件下飞行是很危险的。故选B。
24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然意识到在如此恶劣条件下飞行的危险性，但是，他还是立即将求救者
弟弟的地址输入手机。A. immediately立即地；B. secretly秘密地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. creatively创造性
地。根据上文“Boyers looked west towards Waverly at the storm clouds.”可知，当时乌云密布，情况紧急，因
此他立即将求救者弟弟的地址输入手机。故选A。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然意识到在如此恶劣条件下飞行的危险性，但是，他还是立即将求救者
的地址输入手机。A. card卡片；B. pocket口袋；C. computer电脑；D. phone手机。根据下文“Boyers
couldn’t use his phone to locate the”可知，Boyers不能使用他的手机去定位，由此可知他将求救者弟弟的地
址输入手机。故选D。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久，他和Among就在空中，对他们即将在韦弗利看到的一切毫无准备。
A. unprepared没有准备好；B. intended打算；C. relieved缓解；D. recognized认出。根据上文“Soon, he and
Among were in the air”可知，他们很匆忙，还没有准备好会在韦弗利将会看到什么。故选A。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：已到达营救地的上空，他们就发现下面的水流很急。A. peaceful和平的；
B. rapid迅速的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. clean干净的。根据下文“People were holding on to anything that
didn’t move—roofs, trees.”可知，人们紧紧地抓住不能移动的任何东西，由此可知水流很急。故选B。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：洪水也破坏了手机服务，这就意味着Boyers不能定位到他寻找的房子。A.
revised复习，修正；B. delivered运送；C. damaged破坏；D. registered注册。根据下文“meaning Boyers
couldn’t use his phone to locate the”可知，Boyers不能定位到他寻找的房子，因此洪水也破坏了手机服务。
故选C。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：洪水也破坏了手机服务，这就意味着Boyers不能定位到他寻找的房子。A.
house房子；B. tree树；C. car小车；D. bridge桥。根据上文“were trapped on their roof”可知，他们被困在
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂屋顶，因此Boyers寻找他们所在的房子。故选A。
30．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意： 当Boyers驾驶直升机时，Among开始搜寻屋顶和桥上的人。A.
debating with争论；B. adapting to适应；C. commenting on品论；D. searching for搜寻。根据上文“were
trapped on their roof”可知，他们被困在屋顶，因此Boyers和Among在搜寻他们。故选D。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：任何让Boyers着陆的地方，使求救者上来。A. land着陆；B. rise上升；C.
jump跳；D. look看。根据下文“get them onboard”可知，要让求救者上来，他必须找到着陆的地方。故选
A。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那个青少年一只手抓着树干，另一只手抓住她救的小狗，两个都在水里挣
扎。A. training训练；B. exploring探索；C. experimenting实验；D. struggling挣扎。根据上文“The
teenager held onto a branch with one hand and the other held a dog she’d saved earlier”可知，被困洪水，两个在
水里挣扎。故选D。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：找不到着陆的地方，Boyers就降低直升机到水面线上。A. reserved预订，
储备；B. lowered降低；C. followed紧跟；D. designed设计。根据下文“until it hovered (盘旋) just above the
water line”可知，由于找不到着陆的地方，他就降低直升机到水面线上。故选B。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：获救的男子跳出来，游向树，帮助女孩和小狗进入到直升机里。A. home
家；B. school学校；C. helicopter直升飞机；D. truck卡车。根据上文“the helicopter until it hovered (盘旋)
just above the water line”可知，他们是被直升机救了。故选C。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管这个经历很冒险，但是Boyers觉得很快乐。A. plain朴素的；B.
awkward尴尬的；C. adventurous冒险的；D. formal正式的。根据上文“Aware of the danger to”可知，这是
一次危险的救人经历。故选C。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2022·四川·遂宁中学高一阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
About 400 earthquakes occur every day, more than a hundred thousand a year. There have been many
____36____ (terrible) destructive earthquakes. The most serious of these ____37____ (occur) in Hua County,
Shaanxi Province in 1556, ____38____ affected an area of 800 square kilometers in eight provinces. ____39____
total, 830, 000 people lost their lives. Another example is the 1906 California Earthquake, the worst earthquake that
has ever happened in the United States. It lasted only a minute. ____40____, it caused the worst natural disaster in
the nation’s history. Fires ____41____ (cause) by the earthquake burned for three days, ____42____ (destroy) a
total of 25,000 buildings. About 500 people ____43____ (kill) in the city of San Francisco and 250,000 were
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂made ____44____ (home). In the whole of California, the earthquake and fires caused about 3,000 ____45____
(die).
【答案】36．terribly 37．occurred 38．which 39．In 40．However 41．caused
42．destroying 43．were killed 44．homeless 45．deaths
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了两次最严重的地震，1556年的陕西省华县地震和1906年的加
利福尼亚地震。
36．考查副词。句意：曾经发生过许多极具破坏性的地震。此处修饰形容词destructive，应用副词形式。
故填terribly。
37．考查一般过去时。句意：其中最严重的一次发生在1556年的陕西省华县，波及8个省，面积达800平
方公里。此处是谓语动词，根据in 1556可知，句子用一般过去时，故填occurred。
38．考查定语从句。句意：其中最严重的一次发生在1556年的陕西省华县，波及8个省，面积达800平方
公里。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The most serious of these，关系词在从句中作
主语，应用which引导。故填which。
39．考查介词。句意：总共有83万人丧生。in total总计，固定短语，首字母应大写。故填In。
40．考查副词。句意：然而，它造成了美国历史上最严重的自然灾害。上文“It lasted only a minute.(它只
持续了一分钟)”提到地震只持续了一分钟，与下文“它造成了美国历史上最严重的自然灾害”之间是转折
关系，应用副词however，首字母应大写。故填However。
41．考查过去分词。句意：地震引起的大火燃烧了3天，共摧毁了25000栋建筑。动词cause和fire之间是
逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填caused。
42．考查现在分词。句意：地震引起的大火燃烧了3天，共摧毁了25000栋建筑。动词destroy的逻辑主语
是前面整句话，两者之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作结果状语。故填destroying。
43．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：旧金山市约有500人丧生，25万人无家可归。此处是讲述过去发
生的事情，且主语people和动词kill之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语people表示复数
意义，应用were killed。
44．考查形容词。句意：旧金山市约有500人丧生，25万人无家可归。此处应用形容词作主语补足语，
homeless无家可归的，故填homeless。
45．考查名词复数。句意：在整个加州，地震和火灾造成约3000人死亡。此处应用名词作宾语，death死
亡，可数名词，由空前的3,000可知此处应用复数形式。故填deaths。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂（2022·江苏·泗阳县实验高级中学高一阶段练习）假定你是李华，得知你的美国网友Bill的家乡发生山火，
房屋被烧毁，他现在住在临时避难所。请你写一封邮件慰问他，内容要点如下：
1.询问受灾情况，表示关心；
2.鼓励他振作起来，重建家园。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：山火 mountain fire
Dear Bill,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Bill,
On hearing the news that the destructive mountain fire broke out in your hometown, I am extremely worried
about you.
Are you or your family injured? Your house was burned down and you are living in the temporary shelter now.
How about the conditions there? Do you have enough clothes and food?
The fire has caused great damage to your family, but I firmly believe that all things will get better. Cheer up!
I'm sure you will rebuild your hometown soon. Anyway, tomorrow is another day!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。得知你的美国网友Bill的家乡发生山火，房屋被烧毁，他现在住在临
时避难所，现要求你根据所给要点写一封邮件慰问他。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
非常：extremely→badly
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂担心的：worried→ anxious
损害：damage→harm
导致：cause→ lead to
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Your house was burned down and you are living in the temporary shelter now.
拓展句：Because your house was burned down, you are living in the temporary shelter now.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】On hearing the news that the destructive mountain fire broke out in your hometown, I am
extremely worried about you.（运用了that引导的同位语从句）
【高分句型2】The fire has caused great damage to your family, but I firmly believe that all things will get better.
（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
第二节 概要写作(满分25分)
（2022·全国·高一）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
For thousands of years, people have tried to control water by building dams. Dams allow people to collect and
store water for use at home, in industry, and in agriculture. For example, when people build a dam on a river, a
reservoir(水库) collects water that can be channelled for human needs. In addition, the ability of dams to control
water flow helps prevent floods. Dams can also be used to make electricity.
As the human population grows, the need for water and electricity increases. So many new dams have been
built in the past 50 years. Today, nearly half of the rivers in the world have at least one large dam. If managed well,
dams can be a great benefit to people. Some dams, however, may do more harm than good.
All dams cause changes in river ecosystem that has an impact on surrounding land and people. As river water
collects behind a large dam, it may back up and form a large lake, flooding land and killing plants and animals.
People living on land upstream of a dam may be forced to abandon their homes. Below the dam, water flow
decreases. This changes the downstream ecosystem. Plants and animals may not have enough water. Some types of
fish may be unable to move upstream to reproduce. Rare species of plants and animals may become endangered.
Farmers living downstream from the dam may not be able to grow crops. People who fish for a living may have to
find other work.
An independent organization called World Commission on Dams worked during the late 1990s to suggest
ways of reducing problems caused by some large dams. The commission recommended that the research, the group
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂decision-making, and the creation of a plan all take place before the start of construction of a large dam. For a plan
to be successful, it would need to demonstrate that the dam would contribute to the long-term improvement of
human life. The likely impact of the dam on local people and the environment would be assessed and considered in
the decision-making process.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______【答案】People have built dams on rivers to control water for thousands of years. Water collected from
the dams can be used in many ways and it does a lot of good to humans. However, the dams also cause many
problems, both to the environment and to humans themselves. To reduce problems caused by the dams, the
WCD(World Commission on Dams) has been founded to make useful suggestions.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们建坝的历史，以及人们在修建水坝方面的改进。
【详解】
1 要点摘录 ①For thousands of years, people have tried to control water by building dams.②Dams allow people
to collect and store water for use at home, in industry, and in agriculture. ③All dams cause changes in river
ecosystem that has an impact on surrounding land and people.④An independent organization called World
Commission on Dams worked during the late 1990s to suggest ways of reducing problems caused by some large
dams.
2.缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句 People have built dams on rivers to control water for thousands of years. Water collected from the
dams can be used in many ways and it does a lot of good to humans. However, the dams also cause many problems,
both to the environment and to humans themselves. To reduce problems caused by the dams, the WCD(World
Commission on Dams) has been founded to make useful suggestions.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Water collected from the dams can be used in many ways and it does a lot of good to humans. 运用
了被动语态和并列句；
[高分句型2]：However, the dams also cause many problems, both to the environment and to humans
themselves. 运用了独立主格结构；
[高分句型3]：To reduce problems caused by the dams, the WCD(World Commission on Dams) has been founded
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂to make useful suggestions.运用了不定式作目的状语。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂
