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（10）非谓语动词——中考英语知识清单
一、非谓语动词的定义
动词除在句子中作谓语以外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质，在句中可作
主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等，这就是动词的非谓语动词。可分为
三种：动词不定式、分词和动名词。
二、动词不定式
1. 动词不定式的形式
to + 动词原形(在某些情况下可以不带to )。
没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语，可以有时态和语态的变化。
（1）一般式
表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生
主动语态：to do
被动语态：to be done
否定形式：not+(to) do
（2）进行式
表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生
主动语态：to be doing
被动语态：无
否定形式：not to be doing
（3）完成式
表示动作或状态在谓语动作之前就发生
主动语态：to have done
被动语态：to have been done
否定形式：not to have done
2. 动词不定式的用法
（1）作主语
例：To learn a foreign language is not easy. = It's not easy to learn a foreign
language.
（2）作表语
例：The most important thing is to finish the work on time.
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（3）作宾语
① 动词+to do
常用动词有agree，choose，want，hope，like，wish，learn，love，plan，try，
start，afford等
例：He decided to buy a new watch.
② 动词+疑问词+to do
例：I don't know where to put the bike .
③ 动词+形式宾语(it)+宾补+to do
例：I find it important to learn a second foreign language .
（4）作补语
① 动词+宾语+to do
常用动词有tell，wish，ask，want，like，beg，invite，allow，encourage等
例：Tom asked me to show him the new shoes.
② 动词+宾语+不带to的动词
常用动词有see, hear, feel, watch, notice, have, make, let等
例：He often saw Tom play football.
（5）作状语
① 表示目的
例：He went to Guangzhou to see his sons. He got up early in order to catch the first
bus .
② 表示结果
例：He is too tired to walk any farther. They aren't old enough to go to school.
③ 表示原因
例：He is sorry to hear that. I am glad to see you.
（6）作定语
例：I have something to tell you. I want to buy something to eat.
3. 动词不定式to 的省略。
（1）在感官动词feel，hear，see，watch，notice 及使役动词have，let，make
等后面要省to，但在变被动语态时要还原不定式to。
I often saw him go out of the room.
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He was often seen to go out of the room by me.
（2）在had better, would rather, do nothing but等后面常省to。
动词不定式的否定形式：not + to do，有时也可以用never + to do 结构。
三、动名词
1. 动名词的形式
动词原形+ing具有名词、动词一些特征。
（1）一般式
表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生
主动语态：doing
被动语态：being done
否定形式：not doing
例：I regret not being able to help you.
（2）完成式
表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前就发生
主动语态：having + done
被动语态：having been + done
否定形式：not having done
例：Children enjoy watching animated cartoon.
I don't remember having ever seen the film.
2. 动名词的用法
（1）作主语
① 动名词作主语如果太长，可以用形式主语it代替。
例：Learning English is very important.
It's very important to learn English.
② No + 动名词表示“禁止”。
No smoking, No parking.
（2）作宾语
例：He finished doing his homework.
（3）作表语
例：His favourite sport is playing basketball.
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（4）作定语
表明名词的用途、功能等
例：shopping basket, finishing line.
（5）动名词的复合结构
名词所有格、形容词物主代词+动名词
例：Do you mind my / Wei Fang's opening the window?
四、分词
动词原形+ing/+ed 具有形容词、副词和动词一些特征。可分为现在分词、过去
分词
（一）现在分词
1. 现在分词的形式
（1）一般式
表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生
主动语态：doing
被动语态：being done
否定形式：not doing
例：Not knowing where to go, she went to the police for help.
她不知道该往哪儿走，就去请警察帮助。
（2）完成式
表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前就发生
主动语态：having done
被动语态：having been done
否定形式：not having done
例：Not having done it right，I tried again.
我由于没有做对，所以又试了试。
2. 现在分词的用法
（1）作表语
例：The result is surprising.
（2）作定语
例：Developing country (主谓关系)
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sleeping boy (boy所做的动作)
（3）作状语
例：Passing by the house, he saw a girl playing the piano.
= when he was passing by the house, he saw a girl playing the piano.
（4）作宾补
例：I found him lying on the grass.
（二）过去分词
1. 过去分词的形式
一般是由动词加-ed构成
否定形式：not done
2. 过去分词的用法
（1）作表语
例：My bike is broken. He is very worried.
（2）作定语
例：developed country, fallen leaves, spoken English.
（3）作状语
例：Asked why he was absent, he said he was ill.
= When he was asked why he was absent, he said he was ill.
（4）作宾补
例：You had better have your shoes mended. I had my hair cut yesterday.
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