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高考英语一轮复习语法填空专题应对策略
专题 01 动词的时态和语态
目录
一 命题规律 谓语动词的时态和被动语态,主谓一致,对时态、被动语态和主谓一致的综合考
查。
二 备考策略 谓语动词的时态, 被动语态,主谓一致
三 基本知识 高中主要时态
四 真题再练 近五年新高考动词的时态和语态专题训练
五 思路点拨 当句中缺少谓语动词时,括号中的动词就是谓语动词。此时要考虑时态、语态、语
气、主谓一致等四个方面。
六 考点归纳 谓语动词涉及时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等四个考点。
七 考点练透 再次巩固所掌握的知识点体系并能灵活应用
一.命题规律:
1. 谓语动词的时态和被动语态:结合语境重点考查了一般现在时(的被动语态)、一般过去时;
2.主谓一致:考查常见的主谓一致规则;
3. 对时态、被动语态和主谓一致的综合考查。
二.备考策略:
练习高考真题中关于谓语动词的题目,感悟高考命题规律和特点
1.谓语动词的时态:
1)重点掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、现在进行时、一般将来时、过去进行时的基本用法;
2)了解过去完成时、现在完成进行时、过去将来时、将来进行时的基本用法;
3)熟练记忆上述各种时态常用的时间状语,不断提升能力
2.被动语态:
1)重点掌握一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时的被动语态的用法;
2)了解现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时和过去完成时的被动语态的基本形式;
3. 主谓一致:
熟练掌握语法一致、就近一致和意义一致的基本规则。三.基本知识:
高中主要时态
一、重点时态梳理
1)一般现在时
构成: do/does
用法:1. 表示现在的情况、状态、客观事实或真理。
2. 表示习惯性、经常性的动作或状态,常与always , every day , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) ,
sometimes , seldom , usually,at …, in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night,on
Sunday(s), at seven 等连用。
3. 在时间、条件或让步状语从句中通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
4. 表示按时间表、时刻表等将要发生的动作,常用动词为 go, come, open, leave, arrive, begin, start, return,
close,take off等。
I always drink coffee for breakfast.我总是喝咖啡当早餐。
The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。
Our flight leaves at 11:45.我们的飞机11点45分起飞
2)一般过去时
构成: did
用法:1. 表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态,常与 in the past, the other day,...ago,just now,yesterday,
last week, last year,in 2011等表示过去的时间状语连用。
2. 表示过去时间内连续发生的几个动作。
3. 表示过去时间内经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。
I went shopping yesterday. 昨天我去购物了。
I saw him in the street three days ago. 三天前我在街上见到他。
We had a good time last night. 昨晚我们玩得很开心。
3)现在完成时
构成: have/has +过去分词
用法:
2) 1. 表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与 yet (常位于否定句和疑问句句末),
already, before,ever(常用于疑问句), just, recently, lately, so far, up to now, in recent yeas, over the years,
for+时间段
eg. ① We have known each other for twenty years.② My father has lived here since 2000.
③ I have been there for two days.
④ We haven’t seen each other since he went abroad.
2. 表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在,并可能延续下去的动作。
3. 表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经历,常常带有twice, ever, never, before等状语。
4. 在“It/This is +the first/second/third/...time+that从句”句型中, that从句中的谓语动词使用现在完成时。
eg. ①This is the first (that) I have come here.
②This is the best tea (that)I have ever drunk
5. 在“It/This is +the +形容词最高级+名词+从句”句型中, 从句中的谓语动词使用现在完成时。
6. 用于时间、条件状语从句中,表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作而发生。
4)现在进行时
构成: am/is/are+现在分词
用法: 1. 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生或进行的动作。常与now, right now, at this moment等连
用。
We are waiting for you now. 我们正在等你。
2.表示现阶段(说话前后一段时间内),一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。
3.表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,常与always, constantly, forever,for over 等词连用,往往带有说
话人的主观色彩。
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
4.在表示此时此刻的语境中,比如出现了listen,look之类的词。
Look, the boy is taking a photo.
5.注意:表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。
表移动的终止性动词(come, go, arrive, leave, stay, start, land, meet, move, begin, return, stop, do等)用于
现在进行时,表示即将要发生动作。
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了。
5)一般将来时
构成: 用法
will/shall +动词原形 表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态
表示说话人临时做出的决定
is/am/are going to+动词原 表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事形 表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象,推测某事即将发生
is/am/are about to+动词 表示打算或根据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示具体时间的状语连用,但可
原形 以与when引导的时间状语从句连用
is/am/are to+动词原形 表示按计划或安排要做的事情
表示按职责、义务将要发生的动作
四、时间状语:
before long 不久 in the future 在将来 in two weeks 在两周后 the day after tomorrow 后天
next week / month / year /summer 下一周/月/ 年/夏天 some day 将来的某一天
soon 很快 this evening 今天晚上 this afternoon 今天下午 tomorrow 明天
She’ll go to play basketball. 她要去打篮球。
The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。
6)过去进行时
构成: was/were+现在分词
用法:
1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作,通常与表过去的时间状语连用。
At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候,我正在收拾东西去露营。
2、在含有时间状语从句的复合句中,表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后,另一个动作正在进行。
It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时,正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。
7)将来进行时
构成:will/shall+be doing
用法:表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。
At this time tomorrow, I will be lying on the beach.
8)过去完成时
构成: had+过去分词
用法: 1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去( past-
in-the-past )”。
----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|---------------------------->过去的过去 过去 现在
She had learned some English before she came to the institute.
2. 表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作,常用的时间状语有:by/until/before/ by
the end of +过去时间点(过去的某一时间), by + 过去时间点; by the time + 过去时间点; before + 过去时
间点; by then
3.在宾语从句中,当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成
时。常在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said that she had seen the film before.
4. intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think, propose, wish 等动词可以用过去完成时表示过去未
能实现的计划、设想、意图或希望等.
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
5.Hardly/ Scarcely/ Rarely/ Barely…when…; No sooner…than…句型位于句首时,主句用过去完成时,从句用
一般过去式,且用倒装,译为:刚刚......就......; 一......就......
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
6. 用在“It was the+序数词或最高级+that+…”;
7.用在It was high time that... 从句用过去完成时
但It is high time that ....从句用一般过去时或(should)+动词原形
9)现在完成进行时
构成: have/has been doing
用法: 现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始,一直延续到现在,并且还有可能持续下去。
现在完成进行时可表示1.持续性 2.重复性 3.感情色彩
现在完成进行时所用的时间状语:
all day / month this month / week / year these days
recently / lately in the past few + 时间段 since +时间点 for + 时间段...
现在完成进行时 vs 现在完成时
He has cleaned the window. 他把窗户擦干净了。(动作已完成)
He has been cleaning the window. 他一直在擦窗户。(动作不一定完成)
He has met the girl in the library again.
He has been meeting a girl in the library lately.
1. 现在完成时强调动作的完成,而现在完成进行时强调动作的延续和反复
Tom _______________ (ride) horses the whole morning. .has been ridingTom ___________ (ride) horses three times this morning. .has ridden
2. 现在完成进行时表示反复的,连续的动作,不与表示次数、频度的词连用
Who has been eating my apples? Who has eaten my apples?
3.现在完成进行时比较生动,有时含有明显的感情色彩,而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实,一种影响或
结果。
He _______________ (paint) for decades amd he says he sees no possibility of quitting his job. .has been painting
4. 在表示动作的延续时,虽然既可用现在完成时,也可用现在完成进行时,但在明确表示动作还要持续下
去时,应用现在完成进行时。
10)过去将来时
would/should +动词原形 表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态
was/were going to+动词原形 表示过去某时计划、打算做某事
was/were about to+动词原形 表示过去某时即将做某事
.下面是以动词change为例的各时态和语态的表格。
时态 V动词(以change为例) 被动语态
1.一般现在时 change/changes is/am/are changed
2.一般过去时 changed was/were changed
3.一般将来时 will/shall change will/shall be changed
is /am/are going to change is /am/are going to be changed
4.过去将来时 would change would be changed
5.现在进行时 am/is/are changing am/is/are being changed
6.过去进行时 was/were working was/were being changed
7.现在完成时 have/has changed have /has been changed
8.过去完成时 had changed had been changed
二.主动语态表达被动意义:
1. lock, open, read, sell, teach, translate, wash, write等动词,用来说明主语的性质特征而不是强调被执行
的动作时 (且常与not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副词连用。)例如:
The poem translates well. 这首诗翻译得很好。 The cloth washes easily. 这种布料容易洗涤。
Bikes of that kind hardly sell. 那种自行车很难卖出。
2. weigh, measure, cost, last, break out, take place, happen 表示“称重”、“测量”、“花费”、“持
续”、“发生”等状态动词或不及物动词。例如:
The meeting lasted two hours. 会议持续了两小时。
What happened to him last night? 昨晚他发生了什么事?
3. feel, look, sound, smell, taste等系动词。例如:The bamboo chair feels cool. 这竹椅摸起来很凉快。
His theory sounded reasonable. 他的理论听起来有些道理。
4. 表示“需要”的need, want, require等动词以及形容词worth(值得),后面跟动词-ing的主动形式
表达被动意义。例如:
The old house wants repairing (or: to be repaired). 那座旧房子需要修了。
This dictionary is well worth buying. 这本字典很值得买。
5. easy, difficult, hard, heavy等用于说明主语性质特征的表语形容词后面,所跟的不定式用主动形式表
达被动意义,该不定式与句子的主语须具备逻辑上的动宾关系。例如:
The schoolbag seemed heavy to carry. 这个书包背起来似乎很重。
The water in the river is unfit to drink. 这条河里的水不宜饮用。
6. 不定式作定语,其逻辑主语是句子的主语、间接宾语或说话人时。例如:
She has an old grandfather to look after. 她有一位年迈的爷爷需要照顾。
Please give the child a picture-book to read. 请给那孩子一本图画书看。
四.真题再练
1.(2023年全国Ⅱ卷·65) As a little girl, I ___65___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
【解析】句意: 作为一个小女孩,我希望长大后能成为一名动物园管理员。根据前面的时间状语 As a little
girl 可知,希望长大后能成为一名动物园管理员是过去的动作,故填wished。(时间状语、主谓一致)
2.(2023年全国乙卷·67) Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I ____67____ (amaze) by the co-
existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
【解析】句意:在过去的十年里,我参观了几次,我对新旧共存和一个城市如何在不断发展的同时能够保留
着这么丰富的遗产感到惊讶。.be amazed by---- 对-------感到惊讶,故填was amazed。(主谓一致)
3.(2023年全国乙卷·70) The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past
while stepping into the modern world, _____70_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and
I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【解析】分析句子成分可知,设空处为主句的谓语,主语为The remarkable development of this city,是第
三人称单数,因此设空处应用一般现在时的单数形式,故填means 。(主谓一致)
4.(2022 年 新 高 考 Ⅰ 卷 ·58) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that
__________________ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas.
【解析】分析句子成分可知,设空处为定语从句的谓语,先行词为 areas,再根据“previously (以前,先
前)”可知,动作发生在过去,因此设空处应用一般过去时或现在完成时的复数形式,故填 were或have
been。(时间状语、主谓一致)
5. (2022年新高考Ⅰ卷·60) The GPNP ________________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of“protectingthe authenticity(原真) and integrity of natural ecosystems…” The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity…
【解析】因主语The GPNP与动词design之间为动宾关系,故用被动语态,be designed to do sth也可看作固
定搭配 (目的是做某事;被设计用于做某事);此处陈述客观事实,且由下一句中的is也可得知用一般现在
时,主语为单数,故填is designed。(被动语态、时态前后一致、主谓一致)
6. (2022年新高考Ⅱ卷·62) Henry ____________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams.
【解析】此处为be doing sth when sb did sth句型,意为“正在做某事,这时某人(突然)做某事”,此处描
述过去的事情,故填was fixing。(时态前后一致、主谓一致)
7. (2022年新高考Ⅱ卷·63) He quickly _______ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
【解析】与空后的started构成并列关系,故应用一般过去时,故填threw。(并列一致)
8.(2022年全国甲卷·67) In the last five years, Cao ____________(walk) through 34 countries in six continents,
and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro.
【解析】由时间状语in the last five years可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语Cao为第三人称单数,故填has
walked。(时间状语、主谓一致)
9.(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷·61) What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it
____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
【解析】由then可知,此处应用一般过去时,表示过去的人搬石头做台阶很艰难, 故填was。(时间状语、
主谓一致)
10.(2021年新高考Ⅱ卷·63) Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I’d send an email. One of the biggest
companies I wrote to _____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.
【解析】由前文的heard及从句的谓语wrote可知,此处描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时;又因在
“one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构中,谓语动词用单数,故填was。(时态前后一致、主谓一致)
11. (2021年全国甲卷·41) It (The Xi’an City Wall) __________(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang
dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
【解析】因主语it (The Xi’an City Wall)与build是被动关系,故用被动语态;又由后文的时间状语in the
Tang dynasty可知,用一般过去时,故填was built。(被动语态、时间状语、主谓一致)
12. (2021年全国甲卷·46) We _________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old
and shaky but did the job.
【解析】结合上下文的时态可知,此处用一般过去时,故填hired。(时态前后一致)
13.(2021·浙江, 语篇填空)It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s
home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, _____________(prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
【解析】根据后面的时间状语since it opened to the public可判断, 用现在完成时。has proved/has proven14.(2021·全国甲, 语篇填空)It _____________(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has
now been completely restored(修复).
【解析】句意: 它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的, 现在已经完全修复。根据in the Tang dynasty判断,
用一般过去时, 又因该处表示被动含义, 主语为it, 所以填was built。
15.(2021·天津 3 月, 单项填空)We _____________(do) quite enough work for the morning; now let’s take a
break.
【解析】句意: 今天上午我们做的工作够多的了, 现在让我们休息一下吧。根据后半句 “now let’s take a
break” 可知, 做很多工作这件事情是从过去某个时间开始一直到现在, 应用现在完成时。.have done
16.(2020·全国Ⅰ, 语篇填空)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient
Chinese moon goddess _____________(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【解析】分析句子成分可知, 主语为The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe, 设空处为谓语动词, 根据空后的last
week可知, 此处应用一般过去时,故填touched。
17. (2020 年新高考Ⅰ卷·38) In the 18th and 19th centuries, wealthy people travelled and collected plants,
historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home…The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans
Sloane, for example, _________ (form) the core collection of the British Museum…
【解析】formed由时间状语In the 18th and 19th centuries可知,此处讲述的是发生在过去的事情,应用一般
过去时,故填formed。(时间状语))
18. (2020年新高考Ⅰ卷) The parts of a museum open to the public ___________ (call) galleries or rooms. Often,
only a small part of a museum’s collection ______ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
【解析】因主语The parts of a museum与call之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;且此处陈述的是一般事实,
应用一般现在时,故填are called。(被动语态、时态前后一致)因“a part of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的
数取决于of后名词的数,根据collection为单数可知,谓语动词应用单数形式,本句陈述的是一般事实,
应用一般现在时,故填is。(主谓一致、时态前后一致)
19. (2020年新高考Ⅱ卷) Because the number of possible topics ______ (be) practically limitless, we focus on a
sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology.
Readers __________________ (encourage) to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of our Further
Resources section featured in each volume.
【解析】因“the number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数,结合下文的focus和explain可知,本
句应用一般现在时,故填is。 (主谓一致、时态前后一致)因readers与encourage之间是被动关系,且结合
上文时态可知用一般现在时,主语readers为复数,故填are encouraged。(被动语态、时态前后一致、主谓
一致)
20. (2020年全国Ⅰ卷·67&68) “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University,
says, “because it ________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon_________________ (construct).”
【解析】结合上文的excites及空后的have可知,此处表述的是客观情况,应用一般现在时,且主语it为第
三人称单数,故填means(时态前后一致、主谓一致);从句主语the moon和construct之间为被动关系,且
陈述客观事实应用一般现在时,故用一般现在时的被动语态,the moon为单数概念,故填is constructed (被
动语态、时态前后一致、主谓一致)。
21.(2020 年全国Ⅱ卷·62) This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers _________ (carry) special
significance. They represent the earth…
【解析】分析句子成分可知,本句包含why引导的表语从句,设空处为从句的谓语动词;且此处陈述客观
事实,应用一般现在时;从句的主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers, 谓语应用第三人
称单数形式。故填carries。(时态前后一致、主谓一致)
22.(2020 年全国Ⅲ卷·63) The artist was sure he would ____________ (choose), but when he presented his
masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed.
【解析】从句主语he和choose之间为被动关系, 且位于情态动词would后, 故填be chosen。(被动语态)
23.(2020年全国Ⅲ卷·66) When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the
legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and _________ (point) down the river.
【解析】设空处与and前的smiled并列, 叙述过去的事情, 应用一般过去时,故填pointed。(并列一致)
24. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷·65) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ________________ (report) increases in
bear sightings around human settlements.
【解析】由时间状语in recent years可知, 此处用现在完成时态, 故填have reported。(时间状语、主谓一致)
25. (2019 年全国Ⅰ卷·70) Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _____
(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【解析】根据空格前的are及空格后的is可知, 本句是一般现在时; 又由six可知要用复数, 故填are。(时态
前后一致,主谓一致)
26. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷·64) Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene __________ (declare) she
had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. Irene said…
【解析】由后文的had和said 可知,本句应用一般过去时,故填declared。(时态前后一致)
27. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷·66) Irene said, “I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my
family and all the friends I ____________(make) over the years.
【解析】由时间状语“over the years”可知,此处应用现在完成时态,故填have made。(时间状语、主谓一
致)
28. (2019 年全国Ⅲ卷·65) Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _____________ (recommend)
wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.【解析】因and并列两个谓语动词,时态应保持一致,故填recommended。(并列一致)
29. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·69) When they were free from work, they invited us… They also shared with us… On the
last day of our week-long stay, we _____________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful
farm…
【解析】此处在陈述客观事实,用一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,故填 is。(时态前后一致、主谓一
致)
30. (2018年全国Ⅰ卷·64) While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it ____ (be) more
effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
【解析】此处在陈述客观事实,用一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,故填 is。(时态前后一致、主谓一
致)
31. (2018年全国Ⅱ卷·61) Since 2011, the country ___________ (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has
jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years.
【解析】由Since 2011可知用现在完成时,且主语country是单数名词,故用has grown。(时间状语、主谓
一致)
五.思路点拨
当句中缺少谓语动词时,括号中的动词就是谓语动词。此时要考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等四个
方面。
1.时态 确定时态的四条依据:
(1) 依据上下文时态一致。看上下文谓语动词是什么时态(过去、现在、将来),空格处要填的动词时态一般
应与上下文的时态一致。这是高考语法填空中确定时态的最重要的依据之一。但需注意:客观事实或真理
可能时态不一致;直接引语的时态会与引号外的时态不一致。
(2) 依据并列谓语动词的时态一致。
(3) 依据时间状语。如recently, so far, up to now, up to the present, over/in the past/last few years 常与现在完成
时连用;by the end of, since 1980, for three years常与完成时连用。又如in 2005, the other day(不久前某
一天), a moment ago, last Friday, yesterday等通常与一般过去时连用。
(4) 依据固定句式。请熟读以下句式并体会句中的时态。
This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最有趣的一部电影。
This is the second time that I have spoken to a foreigner.这是我第二次同外国人讲话。
It was the second time that I had spoken to a foreigner. 那是我第二次同外国人讲话。
Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. 我一上公交车,车就开动了。
I had no sooner lain down than the telephone rang.我刚躺下,电话铃就响了。I was doing my homework when she suddenly walked in.我正在做作业,突然她走了进来。
I was about to do my homework when she suddenly walked in.我正要做作业,突然她走了进来。
I was on the point of going out when the phone rang.我正要出去,电话响了。
2.语态 主语是谓语动词的执行者,即主语与谓语动词在逻辑上是主谓关系,用主动语态;主语是谓语动词
的承受者,即谓语动词与主语在逻辑上是动宾关系,用被动语态。解题中,在判断用被动语态后,还要考
虑时态和主谓一致等。如果是在情态动词后,be就用原形。
3. 语气 是否用虚拟语气,主要由一些特殊的词或句式来决定,详见“考点归纳”。(到目前为止,全国
卷中暂未考查)
4. 主谓一致 一般来说,主语是单数, 谓语动词用单数;主语是复数,谓语动词用复数。
六.考点归纳
谓语动词涉及时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等四个考点。以下重点提醒其中两个。
1.时态 尽管课标或考纲中列出了10种时态, 但近四年全国卷高考真题只考查了一般现在时、现在完成时
和一般过去时三种时态。
尽管如此,以下8种时态的基本用法和构成还是应该掌握的:
时态 构成(以do为例) 时态 构成(以do为例) 注意变化
一般将来时 will do 过去将来 would do will→ would
时
一般现在时 do/does 一般过去时 did do/does→ did
现在进行时 am/is/are doing 过去进行时 was/ were doing am/is/are→ was/ were
现在完成时 have /has done 过去完成 had done have/ has→ had
时
2.语气 尽管到目前为止,全国卷语法填空中尚未考查虚拟语气,但在阅读中会常遇到,在写作中也非常
有用,因此,有必要在此列出来复习一遍。需掌握以下两类八点:
类别 编号 具体情况(熟记于心) 典型例句(熟读背诵)
过去式 1 if引导虚拟条件句 If I were you, I should take my time.如果我是你,我就不着急。
2 with, without, or,but for, oth But for your help, I would have failed in the exam.要不是有你的
erwise等引出的含蓄虚拟条 帮助,我这次考试就过不了关。
件
3 wish后的宾语从句 I wish I had a house in Guangzhou, but I can’t afford one.我多希望
在广州有房,可是我买不起。
4 if only后的句子 If only I were rich.要是我很富有,多好呀!
5 would rather后的句子 I’d rather you hadn’t said that. 我真希望你没有那样说过。I would rather you went tomorrow.我宁愿你明天去。I’d rather you were
happy.我愿你快乐。
6 as if /though后的句子(可能 Mr Li, my English teacher, treats me as if I were his own son.英语
用) 老师李老师像对待他儿子般对待我。
(should 7 一个“坚持(insist)” I insist that she (should) come tomorrow.我坚持要求她明天来。
+动词 (10 二个“命令(order, command He gave orders that the work ( should) be started immediately. 他发
原形) 个 )” 出指示要立即开始工作。
词)
三个“建议(advise, suggest, I recommended that he (should) consult a lawyer.我曾建议他去咨
recommend)” 询律师。
四个“要求(ask, request, req She asked that she (should) be kept informed of development.她要
uire, demand)” 求告知进展情况。
It is necessary/ natural / impor It is necessary that he (should) come to the office. 他有必要到办公
tant/ strange that… 室来。
七.考点练透
用单词的适当形式完成句子
1.Though the main building (destroy), the library still survives as a museum.
【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意:尽管主楼遭到破坏,但是图书馆作为博物馆幸存下来。本句陈述过去
的事实,另外,主语the main building与谓语destroy构成被动关系,因此要用一般过去时的被动语态。故
填was destroyed。
2.The first part of the Space Exploration Project (improve) by our group so far.
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:到目前为止,太空探索工程的第一部分已经被我们团队改进了。根据so
far(到目前)可知,本句是现在完成时;主语The first part 与improve是被动关系,因此要用现在完成时的被
动语态。故填has been improved。
3.English now (speak) as a foreign or second language in South Asia.
【解析】考查时态及语态。句意:在南亚,如今英语被当作一门外语或第二语言来使用。根据时间状语
now可知,句子应使用一般现在时。由于动词speak与所修饰词English(第三人称单数)之间是被动关系,
应使用一般现在时的被动语态,be动词用is。故填is spoken。
4.Listen! The project (discuss) at the meeting now.
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:听!现在会议上正在讨论这个项目。分析句子并根据时间状语now可知,
句子应使用现在进行时,空处作谓语。由于动词discuss与所修饰词The project(可数名词单数)之间是被
动关系,应使用现在进行时的被动语态,be动词用is。故填is being discussed。
5. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, (develop) and perfected now.
【解析】考查时态及语态。句意:拥有人工智能的第五代计算机,目前正在开发和完善当中。分析句子并
根据时间状语now可知,句子应使用现在进行时,空处作谓语动词。由于develop与主语The fifth
generation computers (可数名词复数)之间是被动关系,应使用现在进行时的被动语态,be动词用are。故填are being developed。
6. We went to the supermarket to do some shopping. only to be told that it (decorate)
【解析】考查时态及语态。句意:我们去超市买东西,结果被告知正在装修。分析句子并根据went可知,
空处应使用过去进行时,表示“过去正在做某事”。由于decorate与所修饰词it之间是被动关系,应使用
过去进行时的被动语态was/were being done。it之后应使用was。故填was being decorated。
7.By the end of 2021, several other metro lines . (complete)
【解析】考查时态及语态。句意:到2021年底,其他几条地铁线路也将完工。分析句子并根据时间状语
By the end of 2021可知,句子应使用将来完成时。由于complete与所修饰词several other metro lines之间是
被动关系,应使用将来完成时的被动语态will have been completed。故填will have been completed。
8.Henry (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the
balcony. He quickly (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
【解析】考查固定句型,主谓一致和时态。句意:听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。他抬头一看,看见埃里
克吊在阳台上。他迅速把工具扔到一边,张开双臂跑了起来。be doing...when...是固定句型,意为“正在
做……这时……”,由“when he heard”可知,第一空是过去进行时,主语Henry是单数,因此第一空是
was fixing;and前后时态一致,由started可知,第二空所在句子时态用一般过去时,空格处用过去式
threw,故填was fixing,threw。
9.He (watch) TV when someone knocked at the door.
【解析】考查时态。句意:他正在看电视,这时有人敲门。根据be doing sth when ......(当从句动作发生时,
主句动作正在进行)可知空格处是过去进行时。故填was watching。
10.It’s said that Samuel the first permanent (settle) in present Canada.
【解析】考查一般过去时和名词。句意:据说Samuel在现在加拿大境内的第一块永久定居点定居。分析句
子可知,第一空作谓语,陈述过去事情,故用一般过去时settled;第二空,形容词permanent修饰名词,故
填settlement。
11.They (settle) in Shanghai last year.
【解析】考查时态。句意:他们去年定居上海。根据时间状语last year 可知,本句描述过去发生的事情,
用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故填settled。
12.The competition was so close that no one was sure that who (win) the Best Actor award.
【解析】考查时态。句意:这次竞赛是如此的接近以致于没有人能确定谁将赢得最佳男演员奖。空格处是
宾语从句,根据主句was sure that可知空格处要用过去将来时。故填would win。
13.He (behave) as if/though nothing had happened.
【解析】考查时态。句意:他表现得好像没发生什么。根据句意可知,空格处应该填写谓语动词,而后面
的方式状语从句为过去完成时,即主句使用一般过去时即可。故填behaved。
14.My sister, as well as her classmates who (be)late for class, (punish)by Mr.
Hunt this morning.
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态及语态。句意:我姐姐和她上课迟到的同学,今天上午被亨特先生惩罚了。
第一个空是定语从句,其中her classmates是先行词,在定语从句中作主语。her classmates 是复数,发生
在过去,故填were。第二个空是主句的谓语动词,其主语 My sister,是单数,叙述过去发生的事,要用一般过去时。而My sister与动词punish二者是被动关系,姐姐是被惩罚,故要用一般过去时的被动,要填
was punished。故小题填(1). were (2). was punished。
15.She (face) difficulties before, and she knew that her young players could win if they worked
together as a team.
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:她以前也遇到过困难,她知道,如果她的年轻球员们像一个团队一样合作,
她们就能获胜。根据后文句意和时间状语before可知,此处face这一动作发生在knew之前,也就是过去
的过去,用过去完成时。故填had faced。
16.In the past 10 years, frequent natural disasters such as floods and earthquakes (destroy) countless
homes.
【解析】考查时态。句意:在过去的十年里,洪水和地震等自然灾害的频繁发生,已经摧毁了无数的房屋。
分析句子可知主语disasters缺少谓语,因此括号内提示词在句中作谓语;再根据前文中“In the past 10
years”可知此句谓语时态为现在完成时。故填have destroyed。
17.This is the first time that I (visit) Shanghai.
【解析】考查时态。句意:这是我第一次参观上海。This is the first time that sb. have done sth.为固定句型,
意为“这是某人第一次做某事”,其中that从句使用现在完成时。故填have visited。
18.It has been fifteen years since we last (meet )each other.
【解析】考查时态。句意:我们上次见面已经是十五年前的事了。分析句子可知,since从句应使用一般过
去时,从句谓语动词meet应使用met。故填met。
19.This is the most interesting movie we (watch).
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:这是我们看过的最有趣的电影。根据句意以及前文is可知,此处应用现在
完成时(have/has done),表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响。主语是we,主谓一致,故填have
watched。
20.Some citizens of this area supported the idea of rebuilding the park, but others (argue) that the noise may
cause trouble.
【解析】考查动词。句意:这个地区的一些公民支持重建公园的想法,但是其他人争论说噪音可能引起麻
烦。根据supported 可知本句陈述过去的事情,要用一般过去时,故填argued。
21.What (strike) me in the movie Changjinhu most was the soldiers’ strong will and determination.
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:在电影《长津湖》中,最打动我的是战士们坚强的意志和决心。根据后文
was可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,谓语动词strike应用过去式。故填struck。
22.Thanksgiving which Children all over the USA are looking forward to (be) a traditional American
holiday.
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意:全美国孩子渴望的感恩节是一个美国传统节日。空格处是系动词。
本句主语是Thanksgiving ;which Children all over the USA are looking forward to 是定语从句,修饰
Thanksgiving。本句陈述一种事实,要用一般现在时。故填is。
23.It is the third time you (ask) me such a silly question.
【解析】考查时态。句意:这是你第三次问我这样愚蠢的问题。根据It is the third time (that ) sb. have/has
done sth.可知,在该句型中要用现在完成时,主语为you,助动词用have。故填have asked。24.I found the lecture hard to follow because it (start) when I arrived.
【解析】考查时态。句意:我发现演讲很难懂,因为当我到达的时候,演讲已经开始了。此处缺乏谓语,
“arrived”为一般过去时,动词“start”发生在“arrived”之前,即“过去的过去”,应该用过去完成时(had
done)。故填had started。
25.How many of you (come) to the party tonight?
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:今晚你们有多少人要来参加宴会?少数动词,如:go、come、leave、
arrive、return、take等,可用现在进行时表示按计划或安排将要进行的动作。故填are coming。
26.The students of our class (visit) the museum now.
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:现在我们班的学生正在参观博物馆。根据时间状语now可知表示现在正
在进行的动作,用现在进行时。故填are visiting 。
27.If I see him, I (give) him your message.
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:如果我看见他,我就会把你的留言告诉他。在if引导的条件状语从句中,
从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。故填 will give。
28.It was only after he went abroad he realized the importance of English.
【解析】考查强调句。句意:直到他出国后,他才认识到英语的重要性。分析句子结构可知,去掉it was
以及连接词句子成分完整,故本句为强调句结构“it is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其他”。本句被强调
部分为only after he went abroad。故填that。
29.They didn’t finish the project on time; I (后悔)that I hadn’t given them a hand.
【解析】考查动词。句意:他们没有按时完成项目;我后悔没有帮助他们。根据中文“后悔”提示和句中时
态可知,用一般过去时。故填regretted。
30.We (move) to the new house the day after tomorrow.
【解析】考查动词。句意:后天我们将迁入新居。分析句子可知,空格处需要动词做谓语,根据后文时间
状语the day after tomorrow,可知表示未来时态,move瞬间动词用现在进行时表将来,故填are moving。
31.About 9,000 African elephants (appear) in the 1990s. They’re in great danger.
【解析】考查时态。句意:20世纪90年代,大约有9000只非洲大象消失了。它们处境非常危险。根据句
意、提示词及时间状语in the 1990s,句子应使用一般过去时,空处应使用disappear的过去式作谓语,表达
“消失”之意。故填disappeared。
32.Lily (leave)tonight. we had better send her off.
【解析】考查时态。句意:Lily今晚就要走了,我们最好送她。根据时间状语tonight及语境可知,空处应
使用现在进行时表将来,用于谈论已经计划或安排好的动作。Lily为第三人称单数,其后be动词用is。故
填is leaving。
33.They will come if he (invite)them.
【解析】考查时态。句意:如果他邀请他们的话,他们会来的。在if引导的条件状语从句中,主句用一般
将来时,从句用一般现在时。从句主语he为第三人称单数,其后谓语动词应使用invites。故填invites。
34.This concert (conduct)by a famous (conduct)from Beijing.
【解析】考查时态和语态以及名词。句意:这场音乐会是由一位来自北京的著名指挥家指挥的。分析句子
结构可知,空格1处要填谓语动词,与句子主语this concert之间被被动的关系,所以要用一般过去时被动语态,表示过去发生的事情;空格2处位于形容词famous后,所以要填名词作宾语。故填was conducted;
conductor。
35.He said physical inactivity should (recognise) as a global epidemic.
【解析】考查情态动词的被动语态。句意:他说,身体缺乏活动应该被视为一种全球流行病。空格处是宾
语从句中的谓语,recognise与主语 physical inactivity是被动关系,结合空前should,因此空格处要用情态
动词的被动语态。故填be recognised。
36.It is said that a new robot (design) by him in a few days.
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:据说,一款新型机器人几天以后将被他设计出来。根据in a few days(几
天以后)可知,空格处要用一般将来时,由于design与主语a new robot 是被动关系,因此空格处要用一般
将来时的被动语态。故填will be designed。
37.The collection has been built over the last seventeen years.
【解析】考查动词短语。句意:在最近17年里,这个收集已经被建成了。根据over the last seventeen years.
可知本句要用现在完成时,由于谓语与主语The collection是被动关系,因此要用现在完成时的被动语态。
根据build up (建成)可知空格处填up。
38.After successfully raising the alarm, Bailey went downstairs to try to get out. But he (catch)
in the fire.
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意:成功的拉响了警报之后,Bailey下楼打算出去,但是他却被困在大
火里了。根据“ Bailey went downstairs to try to get out”可知,本句为一般过去时,主语he与谓语catch为
被动关系。主语是“he”,所以be动词用was。故填was caught。
39.The old adding machine (replace) with a computer many years ago.
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:古老的算盘许多年前已经被电脑代替。根据many years ago可知本句陈
述过去的事实,要用一般过去时。由于replace与主语The old adding machine是被动关系。故用一般过去时
的被动语态。故填was replaced。
40.WWF hopes that more and more wild animals (protect) in the future.
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意:世界自然基金会希望将来会有越来越多的野生动物受到保护。宾语
从句中谓语动词protect和主语animals之间是被动关系,用被动语态;根据时间状语in the future以及主句
时态(一般现在时)可知,此处应用一般将来时的被动语态(will be done)。故填will be protected。
41.Thousands of holiday-makers remained (stick) abroad due to the earthquake.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于地震,成千上万的度假者仍被困在国外。本句中stick作非谓语动词
与逻辑主语holiday-makers构成被动,需填过去分词形式。故填stuck。
42.The workers in the factory demanded that their pay (raise) by 20 percent.
【解析】考查动词。句意:这家工厂的工人要求加薪百分之二十。demand等表示命令等单词后面的宾语从
句应使用虚拟语气:should+动词原形,并且should可以省略。由于raise与所修饰词their pay之间是被动
关系,应使用被动语态(should)be done。故填(should) be raised。
43.It is obvious that babies (attract) to bright colours.
【解析】考查语态。句意:很明显,婴儿喜欢鲜艳的颜色。本句是that引导的主语从句,从句主语是
babies,谓语动词是attract,主谓之间是被动关系,此处应用被动语态,且本句是描述现在的事实,应用一般现在时的被动语态,故填are attracted。
44.All the business letters (answer) by tomorrow.
【解析】考查时态。句意:所有的商业信件到明天为止都将被回复。此处缺乏谓语,主语All the business
letters和谓语动词answer是被动关系,用被动语态,根据句子的时间状语“by tomorrow”可知,谓语动词
要用将来完成时的被动语态(will have been done)。故填will have been answered。
45.At present, something is (do) to prevent the rain forests from being destroyed.
【解析】考查语态。句意:目前,必须采取措施去阻止热带雨林被破坏。空格处是谓语部分,主语
something与谓语do是被动关系,根据At present(目前)可知表示现在正在进行的情况,因此要用现在进
行时的被动语态,故填being done.
46.It is the first time that this kind of book (publish) in this world.
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意:这是这种书在世界上第一次出版。It is the first time后接that从句中
应用现在完成时,这是固定用法;动词publish和主语this kind of book之间是被动关系,故用现在完成时
的被动语态(have/has been done),主语为第三人称单数,主谓一致,故填has been published。
47.Just now I (remind) of the time to meet the interviewee at Starbucks.
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:刚才,我被提醒要去Starbucks这个地方去和被采访者见面。根据Just
now (刚才)可知本句陈述过去事实;主语I与谓语remind是被动关系,因此要用一般过去时的被动语态。
故填was reminded。
48.The earliest gardens in Egypt (create) for rich people to rest in the shade of trees.
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:埃及最早的花园是为富人在树荫下休息而建造的。分析句子可知,句子应
使用一般过去时,空处应使用谓语动词。由于create与所修饰词The earliest gardens之间是被动关系,应使
用被动语态。The earliest gardens为复数,其后be动词用were。故填were created。
49.For some reason, she (impress) with my work and me.
【解析】考查被动语态。句意:出于某种原因,她对我的工作和我印象深刻。分析句子可知,空格处为谓
语,动词impress和主语she之间是被动关系,用被动语态(be done),根据句意,用一般过去时,主语为
第三人称单数,主谓一致,故填was impressed。
50.Drunken persons (prohibit) driving.
【解析】考查被动语态。醉酒的人被禁止驾车。空格处是谓语动词。本句陈述法律规定,要用一般现在时,
由于主语Drunken persons和谓语prohibit是被动关系,因此空格处用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are
prohibited。