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专题 04 形容词、副词(讲义)
目 录
考点一 形容词 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1页
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1页
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页
【真题研析·规律探寻】----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页
考向1考查形容词的词形转换------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页
考向2考查形容词的比较级和最高级--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3页
考向3考查形容词比较级的相关句型--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4页
考向4考查形容词的句法功能------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4页
【核心提炼·考向探究】-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5页
1.形容词的词形转换----------------------------------------------------------------------------------5页
2.形容词的比较级和最高级----------------------------------------------------------------------------8页
3.形容词的比较级句型----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8页
4.形容词作状语-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10页
【题型特训·命题预测】----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10页
预测考向1 考查形容词词形转换-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10页
预测考向2 考查形容词的比较级或最高级-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11页
预测考向3 考查形容词的比较句型----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11页
考点二 副词----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12页
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12页
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13页
【真题研析·规律探寻】----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13页
考向1考查副词的词形转换---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13页
考向2考查副词的比较级或最高级------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14页
考向3考查副词比较级的相关句型------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14页
考向4 考查副词词义辨析-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15页
【核心提炼·考向探究】---------------------------------------------------------------------------15页
1. 副词的词形转换规律总结----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15页
2. 词形转换易错特别提醒-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
页
3. 形容词、副词的比较等级--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17页
4. 副词的比较句型---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17页
5. 形容词、副词词义辨析----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17页
6.易用错的几类副词------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18页
【题型特训·命题预测】-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19页
预测考向1 考查副词词形转换-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19页
预测考向2 考查副词词义------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19页
预测考向3考查副词相关句型----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19页考点一 形容词
考情分析:分析2021-2023年新高考有关形容词的考向分布。
题型 语法填空 完形填空
高考考点 形容词 形容词
2023 taste--tasty 48. A. medical51.C. confused
43.D. worried44.C. uncomfortable52.D.
新高考I卷 2022
helplessly53.C. safe
2021 hot--hotter 43.D.temporary50.A.harder54.A.clean
confidence-- 43. A. desperately47.B. nervous48. A. hard53.D.
2023
新高考** 错 confident uneventful55. A. thankful
误的表达式
2022 sleep--asleep 43.D.Affordable44.C.sharing
**卷
2021 49.A.Drunk53.B.dangerous
space -- spacious 43.B.dangerous49.A.Finally52.B.
2023
simple--simpler Early54.D.angry
浙江1月高考 49.A.Similar41.C.Insignificant45.D.ground-
2022
卷 breaking52.B.still
small--smaller
2021 49.A.Short51.C.touched
low--lower
总结高考考点,探究形容词的命题规律。
近年来,高考形容词主要考查:形容词的词形转换;形容词的比较级和最高级;形容词的语法功能;
形容词词义辨析。
考点要求 考题统计 考情分析
【命题规律】
形容词的词形转换 3年4考
根据新高考三年的考情分析,形容词主要考查形容词的词形转
形容词的比较级和最高级 3年4考 换;考查形容词的比较级和最高级;在完形填空中考查词义辨
析;考查形容词的句法功能。
形容词词义辨析 3年28考
形容词的语法功能 3年0考考向1 考查形容词的词形转换
1.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling
wrappers, encasing hot, (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favourite
Chinese street food.
2.(2022年新高考II卷) Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always
get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals?
Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been
helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and (confidence) speaking
English.
3.(2023年1月浙江高考卷) The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ________ (space)homes and walled
gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers.1.形容词转换的考点是语法填空的高频考点,二轮复习时要注意总结规律和记忆特殊变化相结合:
动词/名词变形容词的常见后缀
1. able
accept→acceptable 可接受的 forget--unforgettable 难忘的
2. al/ial
music→musical 音乐的 electricity--electrical 电的 chemistry—chemical 化学的
3. ful
doubt→doubtful 怀疑的 wonder--wonderful beauty--beautiful, harm--harmful
4.-ed/ing
scare→scared 感到恐惧的 fright—frightened/frightening, terrify—terrified/terrifying
6.-ible
access→accessible容易取得的 horror→horrible 可怕的;恐怖的terror→terrible 可怕的
7. ive
act→active积极的;活跃的 effect→effective 有效的;生效的
8. -ous/ious
continue→continuous 不断的;持续的 generosity—generous 慷慨的/大方的space—spacious宽敞的
9.- some
tire→tiresome 令人厌倦的 trouble→troublesome 麻烦的 handsome 英俊的
10. -y
taste→tasty 美味的;可口的 smell--smelly 臭的 health→healthy 健康的
11. -ern
east→eastern 东方的;向东的 southern northern western northeastern southwestern
12. -ish
child→childish 孩子气的 fool→foolish 愚蠢的;可笑的 self→selfish 自私的
13. -ic
science→scientific 科学的 base—basic 基本的 gene—genetic 基因的
考向2 考查形容词的比较级和最高级
1.(2023·1月新高考浙江卷) Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far
smaller in scale and ________ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
2.(2022·全国甲卷) In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he
reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ______ (high) mountain.
3.(2022·全国高考乙卷)“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ______
(large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy
development of the tea industry.形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成(+er/est)转换
以e结尾 +r/st late—later—latest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变-y为i,+er/est early—earlier—earliest
以重读闭音节结尾(末尾只有一个
双写结尾字母+er/est big—bigger—biggest
辅音字母)
beautiful—more beautiful—most
多音节和部分双音节结尾 前面加more/most
beautiful
考向3 考查形容词比较级的相关句型
1.(2020 年浙江卷 1 月) The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large compared to
younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes _________(old)than before.
2.(2020年北京卷)They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors
were_______(smart)than the Neanderthals.
3.(2019新课标I卷)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around
human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are ________ (high) than they actually are.
1.常用的比较句型
•两者相比用“比较级+than”表示
•the+比较级,the+比较级 “越……,就越……”
•比较级+and+比较级 “越来越……”
•the+比较级+of (the)+名词/代词“(两者中)较……的”
•否定词+比较级表示最高级
2.判断比较句型的方法:
①看到与than连用,要想到用比较级;看到比较级,要想到than。
②看到语境中暗含的比较含义,要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)。
考向4 考查形容词的句法功能(读后续写常用句型)
1.Mr.Zhang said the door opened.__________(Frighten), he rushed away.
2.Honest and __________(confidence), the boy never tells lies and he is always sure of his success.
3.Having been praised by the teacher,the little girl ran back home,happy and__________(satisfaction) .
形容词考点的必备知识:1.形容词的词形转换:
①形容词的构词规律
类别 例词
词尾加-y cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy
词尾加-(e)d gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited
词尾加ing surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening
meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless,
词尾加-ful/-
harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, colour→colourful/colourless, use→useful/useless,
less
thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless
词尾加-able comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable
词尾加-ous danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humour→humorous
词尾的-ce变
confidence→confident, difference→different
为-t
music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational,
词尾加-al
tradition→traditional
词尾加-ly friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely
词尾加-en wood→wooden, wool→woolen
energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific
其他常见变
以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时,要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny,
化
fun→funny等),以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等)
动词词尾加-
attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, protect→protective
ive/ative
【易错提醒】如何区分-ed形容词与-ing形容词
解决此类问题有两个切入点:第一,看语境表示的是“令人……”(-ing),还是“感到……”(-ed);第
二,看语境说明的是性质特征(-ing),还是感受(-ed)。具体如下:
(1)-ing型形容词主要用于修饰物或事,表示事物的性质特征,常译为“令人……的”。
(2)-ed型形容词通常用于说明人的感受,常译为“感到……的”,强调人自身的情感波动;修饰事物
时,则多修饰smile(微笑), feeling(感觉), appearance(外貌), cry(哭), face(面部表情), voice(声音), mood(情绪),
look(表情)等表示人的情绪状况的名词。
②词形转换的易混易错提醒:
形容词后缀-able
(1)能……的;可……的
rely→reliable 可信赖的,可依靠的
特别提醒:词尾的e去还是不去,一定记清楚,考试出错就在一瞬间
change→changeable 易变的admire→admirable 可钦佩的
believe→believable 可相信的
(2)具有……的特点
enjoy→enjoyable 令人愉快的
特别提醒:词尾的e去还是不去,一定记清楚,考试出错就在一瞬间
value→valuable 有价值的
knowledge→knowledgeable 有丰富知识的,博学的
形容词后缀-ful/-less
harm→harmful 有害的→harmless 无害的
help→helpful 有帮助的→helpless 无助的;无能的
hope→hopeful 有希望的→hopeless 绝望的
use→useful 有用的→useless 无用的;无效的
power→powerful 强有力的→powerless 无力的
meaning→meaningful 有意义的→meaningless 无意义的
形容词后缀-ive/-ative
impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的
instruct→instructive 有教育意义的
create→creative 创造性的
progress→progressive 进步的
talk→talkative 健谈的(别忘了字母a)
effect→effective 有效的
形容词后缀-ous(ous还是ious一定要记清楚)
continue→continuous 不断的;持续的
caution→cautious 小心的;谨慎的
curiosity→curious 好奇的
mountain→mountainous 多山的
ambition→ambitious 有野心的
space→spacious 宽敞的;广阔的
形容词后缀-ble/-ible
horror→horrible 可怕的;恐怖的
terror→terrible 可怕的;糟糕的
vision→visible 看得见的
access→accessible 容易达到的;容易取得的
形容词后缀-y
fog→foggy 多雾的
taste→tasty 美味的;可口的luck→lucky 幸运的
sun→sunny 阳光明媚的
wealth→wealthy 富裕的;丰富的
形容词后缀-al/-ial
culture→cultural 文化的
practice→practical 实际的
person→personal 个人的;私人的
center→central 中央的;中心的
nature→natural 自然的;天生的
benefit→beneficial 有益的
face→facial 面部的(看起来很简单但很容易错)
形容词后缀-ic
science→scientific 科学的
economy→economic 经济的
history→historic 历史上著名的
history→historical 具有重大历史意义的
energy→energetic 精力充沛的
class→classic 经典的
形容词后缀-en
wood→wooden 木制的
gold→golden 金色的
wool→wool(l)en 羊毛的
形容词后缀-ly【易错提醒】(不要和副词混淆)
dead→deadly 致命的
live→lively 活跃的
friend→friendly 友好的
year→yearly 每年的
month→monthly 每月的
week→weekly 每周的
day→daily 每日的;日常的
cost→costly 昂贵的
order→orderly 有次序的
2.形容词的比较级和最高级:
【规律总结】形容词比较级和最高级的构成(+er/est)转换
以e结尾 +r/st late—later—latest以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变-y为i,+er/est early—earlier—earliest
以重读闭音节结尾(末尾只有一个
双写结尾字母+er/est big—bigger—biggest
辅音字母)
beautiful—more beautiful—most
多音节和部分双音节结尾 前面加more/most
beautiful
【易错提醒】 (1)有少数几个双音节形容词,既可以加er和est,又可以加more和most构成比较级和
最高级。这些双音节词有:common, handsome, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, friendly等。
(2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有:
right (正确的), wrong (错误的), excellent (优秀的), possible (可能的), empty (空的), first (第一的), wooden (木
制的), final (最后的), east (东方的), last (最后的), favourite (最喜欢的)等。
(3)不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good, well better best
bad, badly, ill worse worst
many, much more most
little less least
farther(指时间或空间上 farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的;最远
“更远的”) 的”)
far
further(指空间距离“更远 furthest(指空间距离“最远的”;在最大程
的”;在更大程度上) 度上)
old older/elder oldest/eldest
3.形容词的比较级句型:
【高频再现】
(1)同级比较
①as+adj./adv. (原形)+as... “和……一样”;not as/so+adj./adv. (原形)+as... “和……不一样”
②当as... as结构中有名词时,可用以下结构:
as+形容词原级+a(n)+n. +as...
as+many+可数名词复数+as...
as+much+不可数名词+as...
(2)比较级
“形容词/副词比较级+than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less+形容词/副词原级+
than”结构,表示“一方不及另一方……”。
【易错提醒】修饰比较等级的副词:much, even, still, far, yet, a little, a lot, a bit, rather, any 等。more, very等副词不可修饰比较级。
(3)最高级
①表示三者或三者以上的比较,常见的结构:“the+最高级+表示比较范围的短语或从句”,表示
“……是……中最……的”。
②最高级的其他表达法
否定词+比较级
比较级+than+any other+单数名词
比较级+than+all the other+复数名词
比较级+than+any of the other+复数名词
比较级+than anything/anyone else
【易错提醒】有些词本身就有最高级含义,不能再用最高级形式,常见的:favourite,wonderful,
exhausted等;有些词本身有比较级含义,故不与than连用,如be senior to等。
(4)含有比较等级的特殊句型
①the+adj. /adv. 比较级, the+adj. /adv. 比较级 “越……,越……”
②adj. /adv. 比较级+and+adj. /adv. 比较级“越来越……”
③the+adj. 比较级+of the two+名词“某人或某物是两者中较……的那个”
④no more than“仅仅”, not more than“至多;不超过”
⑤more... than... “与其说……不如说……”
⑥no+比较级+than “和……一样不……”
⑦not+比较级+than “不比……更……”
⑧倍数句型
A is+倍数+比较级+than+B
A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B
A is+倍数+the+名词(size, length, height等)+of+B
4.形容词作状语(读后续写常用句型)
Flushed and breathless, she bounded in through the gate.
她满脸通红气喘吁吁从大门口跑了进来。
Afraid of being caught, the thief hid himself in the corner.
由于担心被人捉住,小偷躲在角落里。
Helpless,we watched our home destroyed before our eyes.
我们束手无策,只能眼睁睁地看着自己的家园被毁掉。
形容词考点的关键能力:
高考评价体系要求:考生能在具体的语境中,准确判断和使用基本的语法规则。提高形容词运用能力
的基本策略:
策略1:掌握词性转换的基本知识和词性变化规则,尤其是常见的后缀变化
策略2:分析句子结构,确定句子成分1.表示事物的性质或状态,作表语、定语——用形容词。
2.修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,作状语——用副词。
【2024年高考命题预测】
根据高考考情分析2024年高考将:(1)考查形容词的词形转换是重点;(2)考查形容词的比较句型;
(3)在读后续写中运用形容词作状语。
预测考向1 考查形容词词形转换
1.(2024·河南省豫北名校新高考英语联考试题(二))It is an international communication award that
demonstrates the concept of community with a shared future, rather than a (profession ) film and television
award.
2.(2024·湖北省宜荆荆随10月联考)To make the original restoration, they need to gather information from
(variety) sources.
3.(2024·湖南省雅礼中学月考(二))In recent years, Moutai has been looking for ways to be more
(access) and pull in a new generation of users, said Zhu Danpeng,a food and drink analyst.
4.(2024·湖南省长沙市第一中学月考卷(三))Potted landscape art, praised as “silent poetry” and “living
sculptures”, is a rare and (delight) Chinese art form.
5.(2024·湖南省长沙市第一中学月考卷(三))With the finest workmanship, the elements are arranged to
agree with the laws of nature, reflecting the natural scenery with (poet) charm: “ Mountains extending
hundreds of miles all are contained in a pot so small. ”
预测考向2 考查形容词的比较级或最高级
1.(2024·浙江省绍兴蕺山外国语学校9月检测)In Sichuan, local chefs add the (good) soup to the noodle,
in which chicken is boiled for eight hours before being filtered (过滤) to make it nearly as clear as water.
2.Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much (easy) for the public to spend
more on gifts for their loved ones. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3.We will have a (far) discussion before we draw a final conclusion. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4.On the other hand, plants which have a good adaptation to dry conditions or have the ability to store water in their
cells require (frequent) watering . (所给词的适当形式填空)
5.These oracle bone inscriptions, the (early) form of Chinese characters ever found to this day, are clear
proof that the history of the Chinese writing system stretches back about 3500 years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
预测考向3 考查形容词的比较句型
1.(2024·陕西省渭南市韩城市象山中学月考)As everybody knows, the (lazy) a person is, the more
things he needs to do tomorrow.
2.(2024·江苏省南京市第九中学质量调研)Of all the anxious candidates, he is (nerve) about his
chances of being admitted.
3.The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large compared to younger generations, and so,on average, the population becomes (old) than before.
4.This little machine had taken up too much of my time and I could have done something (meaningful)
than just looking at a tiny screen all day.
考点二 副词
考情分析:分析新高考有关副词的考向分布。
完形填空
题型 语法填空
副词
高考考点 副词
2023 rare--rarely
新高考I卷 2022 eventual--eventually
2021 undoubted--undoubtedly
43. A. desperately
2023 basic--basically
新高考**
错误的表达 2022 accidental--accidentally 52.D. helplessly2021
式 **卷
49.A.Finally
2023年1月 original --originally
浙江1月高
49.C. Similarly
2022年6月 rough--roughly
考卷
2021 sharp--sharply
总结三年高考考点,探究代词的命题规律。
考点要求 考题统计 考情分析
【命题规律】
副词的词形转换 3年8考
根据新高考三年的考情分析,副词的词形转换是高考的高
副词的比较句型 3年0考 频考点,同时,我们要兼顾副词的比较句型及副词的用法功
能,副词在读后续写中能发挥很重要的作用,让读后续写更丰
富多彩。因此,总结归类副词的转换规律及基本的用法功能是
备考的重点方向。
副词词义辨析 3年4考考向1 考查副词的词形转换
1.(2023•新高考Ⅰ卷) No matter where I buy them, one steamer is (rare) enough, yet two
seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time.
2. (2023•新高考Ⅱ卷) So, what are they learning? (basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
3. (2023•1月新高考浙江卷) The term “hutong”, ________ (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian,
appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
副词词形转换的基本规律。
1.一般情况加ly。如:real→really, careful→carefully, polite →politely, quick→quickly,
complete →completely, immediate →immediately extreme—extremely wise--wisely
2.“辅音字母+y ”结尾的,将y改为ily。 如:
angry→angrily, busy→busily, heavy→heavily lazy- lazily, happy—happily
3.以le结尾的去年e加y。如:probable→ probably, possible→possibly, gentle→gently
comfortable- comfortably, terrible—terribly horrible—horribly
4.以ic 结尾的,加 ally。如:basic→basically, energetic →energetically , dramatic→dramatically,
automatic →automatically, magic-magically, economic- economically
5. 几个特别的 true- truly, shy- shyly, whole- wholly, full- fully
注意:有的以 ly结尾的是形容词。如:
考向2 考查副词的比较级或最高级
1.(2023•江苏省连云港市调研)______ (early), seal carving was accomplished only by workers. During the
Song Dynasty, scholars and artists began to get involved in it. They combined seal carving with calligraphy and
painting, making this traditional art more popular in China.
2. Tu Youyou encouraged scientists to (far) explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine
and raise it to a higher level.
3. Even (bad), I had unthinkingly bought way too much.(所给词的适当形式填空)
考向3 考查副词比较级的相关句型
1. The young lady was (well) known as an excellent dancer in China than as an actress.
2. The (careful) you listen to the tape, the (easy) you will find it to understand.
3.You are driving too fast. Can you drive a bit (slow)?
4.---The weather is really changeable.----I can’t agree (much).【高频再现】
常考的副词比较级句型
1.比较级的修饰语常见的有rather,much,still,even,far,any(用于否定句或疑问句),a lot,a little,
a great deal,by far,a bit等。
2.比较级+than...“比……更”;less...than“不如……”。
3.the+比较级,the+比较级“越……,越……”。
4.the+比较级+of (the)+名词/代词“(两者中)较……的”。
常考的最高级句型
1.三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。
2.最高级的修饰语常见的有序数词,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really,not quite,
nothing like等。
3.“否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义。
4.the last表示“最不可能的”“最不适合的”“最不希望的”等。
考向4 考查副词词义辨析
1.(2024•湖北省宜荆荆随10月联考)The advanced technology is helping them with the restoration. ,
it can’t give any help in need, as ancient-book restoration still requires essential manual skills. “Hopefully, I can be
of some help in boosting more young people’s enthusiasm for restoring cultural heritage,” said Song.
2.They, ________ , must still deal with pressure from their family and peers.
副词考点的必备知识:
1. 副词的词形转换规律总结
类别 例词
形容词+后缀-ly clear→clearly, great→greatly, loud→loudly, sudden→suddenly, sincere→sincerely
以辅音字母加-y结尾的
happy→happily, heavy→heavily, angry→angrily, lucky→luckily,
形容词,把 y 变成 i 再
noisy→noisily*shy→shyly(y的发音为/aɪ/,直接加ly)
加-ly
terrible→terribly, possible→possibly, gentle→gently, probable→probably,
词尾为ble/le的形容词,
comfortable→comfortably, responsible→responsibly, suitable→suitably (例外:
去掉e,再加-y
whole→wholly)
词尾为-ue的形容词,去
true→truly(高中阶段仅此一例)
掉e再加-ly
词尾为-ll的形容词,直
full→fully, dull→dully
接加-y
词尾为-ic 的形容词, basic→basically, scientific→scientifically, specific→specifically,加-ally automatic→automatically
2.词形转换易错特别提醒
1.形容词变副词去e还是不去e
(1)大部分以字母e结尾的形容词不去e,形容词变副词直接加-ly
immediate→immediately 立刻地
fortunate→fortunately 幸运地
absolute→absolutely 绝对地;完全地
polite→politely 有礼貌地;客气地
expensive→expensively 昂贵地
(2)-le结尾的形容词变为-ly【易错提醒】
simple→simply 简单地;仅仅
gentle→gently 轻轻地;温柔地
terrible→terribly 非常;可怕地;极度地
possible→possibly 可能地;也许
probable→probably 大概;或许
comfortable→comfortably 舒服地;安乐地
(3)以“元音字母+e”结尾的形容词去e加-ly【易错提醒】
true→truly 真实地
(4)特殊情况【易错提醒】
whole→wholly 完全地;全部
shy→shyly 害羞地
dry→dryly 干燥地
full→fully 充分地
dull→dully 单调地
2.以字母ic结尾的形容词加-ally变为副词
specific→specifically 特别地;明确地
basic→basically 主要地,基本上
scientific→scientifically 系统地;合乎科学地
academic→academically 学术上;学业上
historic→historically 关于历史事件,从历史观点上说
classic→classically 古典主义地
enthusiastic→enthusiastically 热情地
3. 形容词、副词的比较等级
形容词、副词比较级、最高级的不规则变化。
原级 比较级 最高级
good,well better bestbad,badly worse worst
farther(指距离) farthest(指距离)
far further(指距离 furthest(指距离
和抽象概念) 和抽象概念)
many,much more most
little less least
4. 副词的比较句型
平级比较
as+副词原级+as...“和……一样”;not as/so+副词原级+ as...“不如……”。
John plays football as well as, if not better than,David.
约翰踢足球如果说不比大卫强,至少和他踢得一样好。
比较级
(1)比较级+than...“比……更”;less...than“不如……”。
This year they have produced less grain than they did last year.
他们今年生产的谷物比去年少。
(2)the+比较级,the+比较级,“越……越……”。
It's believed that the harder you work, the better result you'll get.
人们相信,工作越努力,得到的结果将越好。
(3)the+比较级+of the two+名词/代词“两者中较……的”。
Who is the younger of the two boys?
这两个男孩中较小的是哪一个?
(4)“否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义。
I've never heard a better voice than yours.
我从未听到过比你的更好的嗓音。
最高级是表示在三者或更多者中程度最高的比较方式。
副词最高级+表示范围的短语或从句。
【易错提醒】介词in和of引导的短语说明比较的范围。如果在一定的地域空间内进行比较用in;如果
在同一类事物范围内进行比较用of。
5. 形容词、副词词义辨析
1.对于形容词和副词辨析类问题,考生一定要弄懂各个选项的词义和词性差别,并结合语境选择符
合句意的单词。对于考查形容词在句中功能的问题,要通过分析句子结构来解决。
I come to you, hat in hand, to apologize for the damage I had indirectly caused.
我恭敬地为我间接造成的损害向您道歉。
She has already tried her best. Please don't be too particular about her job.
她已经尽力了,请不要对她的工作太挑剔了。
2.除了副词词义辨析外,yet(但是),besides(此外,而且),still(仍然),though(虽然),however(然而),meanwhile(与此同时),therefore/thus(因此,所以),moreover/furthermore/additionally(此外),anyway/
anyhow(尽管,即使这样)也是高频考点。解答此类题目首先要把握副词词义,然后采用句子翻译法,分析
前后两句的逻辑关系,从而得出正确答案。
In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her
page turner.
在业余时间,他登上舞台在钢琴家玛丽亚的旁边,不是作为一位音乐家而是一位翻页师。
Mike was usually so careful, yet this time he made a small mistake.
Mike通常很仔细,但这次他犯了个小错误。
The hotel is almost finished, but it still needs one or two weeks to get ready for guests.
酒店已基本完成,但仍需要一两周时间为客人的到来做准备。
6. 【易错提醒】 易用错的几类副词
(1)意义有别的同根副词。如:free(免费地)/freely(自由地), hard(努力地)/hardly(几乎不), late(晚,
迟)/lately(最近), most(很,最)/mostly(主要地), fair(公平地)/fairly(相当地), near(临近)/nearly(几乎)等。
(2)有些副词有两种形式:以-ly结尾时表示抽象意义;与形容词同形的表示具体意义。如:close接
近/closely密切地; wide宽地/widely广泛地; high高地/highly高度地; deep深地/deeply深深地。
副词、形容词考点的关键能力:
提示词是形容词或副词,根据语境和句意,该词词性不变时,则可能填该词的比较级或最高级。
1.等级判定看标志
(1)题目中有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal, than等标志性词汇时,用比较级。
(2)空后有表示范围的标志词in, of, among等时,用最高级。
(3)空前有one of the, the+序数词等修饰词时,用最高级。
2.利用固定句型
(1)“the+比较级, the+比较级”表示“越……,就越……”。
(2)“比较级+and+比较级”,表示“越来越……”。
(3)“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义。
3.利用隐含信息判断
句中虽没有than等标志词,但暗含比较级或最高级,也需要用比较级或最高级。
【易错提醒】考查形容词和副词的比较等级
1.通过标志词than、比较等级的修饰语(修饰比较级程度的修饰语有much、a little、a bit、far、by far、a
lot、a great/good deal、rather、still;修饰最高级的修饰语有序数词、by far、nearly、almost等)或表示比较意义的
语境,判断要用比较级还是最高级。
2.熟练掌握一些固定结构中比较级或最高级的用法。
这就要求学生要准确理解语境,同时多积累常用比较级或最高级的固定形式。当然学生还要牢记比较
级和最高级的正确拼写。此外,要注意very、quite、so、too等不可用来修饰比较级。
3.分析句子结构,理清比较级和最高级。
(1)根据比较等级的句式判断,如果后面有than就用比较级。(2)有时候比较级结构中并不出现than,而是根据语境判断出用比较级或最高级。
(3)表示“越……,就越……”用“the+比较级, the+比较级”结构。
(4)表达在某个范围内“最……”,应用“the+形容词/副词的最高级+比较范围”结构。表示范围的
标志词有in、of、among等。
(5)当空前有the second/third ...、one of ...等词时,需填最高级。
【2024年高考命题预测】
根据高考考情分析2024年高考将:(1)继续重点考查副词的词形转换;(2)考查副词词义辨析(完形填
空中);(3)副词的相关句型
预测考向1 考查副词词形转换
1.(2024•河北省保定市摸底)The year 2023 is (particular) significant as it marks the 10th anniversary
of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which has helped promote the various cultures of countries and regions
participating in it, strengthen communication and bring prosperity to the people.
2.(2024•河南省六市重点高中10月调研)The press release states that it “maintains the form of the basic local
water system, and (successful) integrates nature education, parent-child recreation, and fishing
activities.”
3.(2024•湖南省多所学校第三次联考)Ginkgoes are large trees, (normal) reaching a height of 20—35
meters, with some in China being over 50 meters.
预测考向2 考查副词词义
1.The young man couldn't afford a new car.________, he bought a used one.
2.The house was too expensive and too big._________,I'd grown fond of our little rented house.
预测考向3 考查副词相关句型
1.(2018年全国高考Ⅰ卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years
(long) than non-runners.
【答案】longer
【解析】考查比较级。句意:根据一篇医疗杂志上对证据材料的回顾,跑步者寿命比非跑步者长三年。根
据后面的than可知,用比较级,再根据句意,故填longer。
2.(2023•广东省佛山市高三模拟)Switching from cars to bikes cuts emissions much ________ (fast) than
switching to electric cars.
【答案】faster
【解析】考查副词比较级。句意:从汽车转向自行车比转向电动汽车减排快得多。根据句意及than可知,
此处填faster。
3.The more I hear about her, the (little)I like her.【答案】less
【解析】考查固定句型。句意:我听说关于她的事情越多,我越不喜欢她。根据句子结构和意思可知,这
里考查固定句型“The+比较级,the+比较级”的结构,表示“越……越……”。故填less。