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话题 04 科学技术
序号 体裁 主题 核心素养
1 说明文 人与自然--垃圾处理 思维品质--用食物垃圾制作新型建筑材料
2 说明文 人与自然--研究实验 学习能力--猪打架后如何和解
3 新闻报道 人与自然—先进技术 文化意识--5G服务在中国应用
4 说明文 人与社会---人工智能 学习能力--人工智能给人的下棋行为贴标签
5 说明文 人与社会---航空航天 文化意识—呼吁清除太空垃圾
Passage1
While it throws out about 90 pounds of food per person every year, Japan doesn’t rank at the top of the
world’s list of wasteful nations. Still, what’s thrown away represents a serious problem for an island nation
with limited landfill space and a goal of greater sustainability. Reinvention can offer an alternative. A
Japanese company is taking vegetable peels, cooking oil and other used foodstuffs and making entirely
different products.
Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world, and its key element, cement, is a
major polluter of greenhouse emissions. So what if a more sustainable alterative were possible by making
cement with food waste, which also would help reduce greenhouse emissions from landfills where that
waste would otherwise be thrown away? That’s the idea behind Fabula, a Tokyo-based start-up.
Researchers at Fabula created a recipe to make food concrete by drying leftovers and pressing them
into a mold (模具) at a high temperature. The company, founded by researchers at the University of Tokyo,
began with items commonly thrown away like cabbage and orange peels but found that almost any food
item can be used. It now takes mostly coffee grounds and tea leaves to make its cement. The product’s
durability depends on the components.
Fabula is currently producing made-to-order household items, such as coasters and dishes, while
awaiting its patent. The goal is to make furniture and larger structures once the technology is able to make
the cement more durable. Food production companies that can’t avoid generating waste during their
processes have reached out to work with the company. “We hope to become a matching service between
companies that have food waste and companies who want to build things out of such materials,” said
Takuma Oishi, Fabula’s chief commercial officer.Since the cement is 100 percent eatable, it could create opportunities during disaster response when
temporary structures need to be built quickly. The people inside might even turn to them for food. If the
technology advances enough, Oishi suggested, someday we may be able “to eat the homes or furniture
when necessary”.
1．Which problem Japan faces is mentioned in paragraph 1?
A．Food waste. B．Garbage littering.
C．Energy crisis. D．Environmental pollution.
2．What’s the initial thought of Fabula?
A．Using food remains in recipes.
B．Finding a cheaper alternative to landfills.
C．Making a novel building material from leftovers.
D．Cutting greenhouse gases by recycling home devices.
3．What’s paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The diversity of food sources. B．The prospects of the company.
C．The innovation of a traditional cuisine. D．The process of developing food concrete.
4．How is food concrete different from common construction materials?
A．It can fill stomachs. B．It’s solid and lasting.
C．It can prevent disasters. D．It’s delicate but cost-free.
Passage2
“I like pigs,” Winston Churchill supposedly once said. “Dogs look up at us, cats look down on us, but
pigs treat us as equals.” Whether Churchill’s contemporary George Orwell also liked pigs is less clear. But
he, too, surely saw something in them that was lacking in other domestic beasts, for it was they who ended
up running the show in novel Animal Farm. Pigs, then, are intelligent social creatures.
And, like all animals, they sometimes fight. A study just published in Animal Cognition by Ivan
Norscia, a biological anthropologist at the University of Turin, in Italy, and his colleagues, looked at how a
group of 104 domestic pigs went about resolving such incidents. In total, Dr. Norscia and his team studied
the details of 216 pig conflicts over the course of six months.
Some pigs tend to be attackers; others tend to be victims. Who is what depends largely on weight, for,
among pigs pounds mean power. The attacker might bite, kick, bump or lift the victim (or string together a
sequence of those actions). Most conflicts ended in seconds, but some lasted a minute or two.In most animal species that would be that. However, many of the pig conflicts Dr. Norscia observed
had interested parties beyond the protagonists (主角). He therefore wanted to understand the role of these
bystanders in resolving fights —and what this says about pigs’ cognitive (认知) abilities.
Since there was usually not enough time for a bystander pig to intervene during the heat of a conflict
(though this did occur), he and his colleagues looked at what happened in the three minutes directly
following an aggressive interaction. Sometimes, they found, the protagonists made up on their own —for
instance, by touching noses.
On other occasions, though, a third pig stepped in. Sometimes this bystander acted as a peacemaker,
engaging with the attacker and reducing the number of subsequent attacks compared with what might
otherwise have been expected. Sometimes, by contrast, the bystander engaged with the victim. This
appeared to calm the victim down, for it reduced anxiety-related behavior such as shaking and scratching.
5．Why does the author mention Winston Churchill in the first paragraph?
A．To prove pigs are clever. B．To show pigs are inspirational.
C．To state Churchill loves pigs. D．To introduce the topic of the text.
6．What probably decides on the pigs’ roles in pig conflict?
A．Their ages. B．Their weight.
C．Their safety needs. D．Their cognitive abilities.
7．Why did Ivan Norscia and his colleagues conduct the study?
A．To comprehend the role of bystanders in conflict resolution.
B．To figure out the relationship between pigs.
C．To record the details of 216 pig conflicts.
D．To find out the reason for pigs’ conflicts.
8．How will the bystander interact with the victim after a fight?
A．By shaking it. B．By touching its nose.
C．By scratching its back. D．By offering comfort to it.
Passage3
China’s three major mobile operators (运营商) on Thursday started their long-awaited 5G service
plans with users in dozens of cities. China Mobile, China Unicom and China Telecom announced their
monthly 5G plans with prices ranging from 128 yuan to 599 yuan, almost at the same time.
The 5G services are now being used in 50 cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou andShenzhen. The expectation for the new communication technology has long been high. The three major
mobile operators already registered (注册) over 10 million 5G users before the official start.
The country is expected to have over 600 million 5G users by 2025, covering nearly 40 percent of the
global total. Major phone makers are jumping on the broadband (宽带) business. Eighteen types of 5G
smartphones were brought out in the first three quarters of this year, and about 787, 000 5G phones came
into the market, according to a research institute with the Ministry of Industry and Information
Technology(MIIT).
Bloomberg News reported that bringing 5G services out to the world’s biggest population should give
a push to China’s digital economy, including makers of telecommunications equipment, platforms and
applications for the internet of things, autonomous (自动的) driving and factory automation. It will be
expensive at first but could pay off well into the future.
China is ready to become the world’s largest 5G market by users, a position that could help it set
global standards (标准) for such networks and inspire its drive to become a leader in this field.
9．What can you infer from paragraph 3?
A．There will be 600 million 5G users by 2025.
B．People have accepted 5G services as part of their life.
C．Phone market becomes active thanks to 5G services.
D．The new technology has long been highly expected.
10．How will 5G services change China according to Bloomberg?
A．China can hardly benefit from developing this technology.
B．It will be expensive to develop this advanced technology.
C．The technology helps set the world standards for network.
D．It will lead to China’s economic development.
11．What’s the writer’s attitude to the future of 5G services in China?
A．Worried. B．Negative. C．Positive. D．Unclear.
12．What could be the best title for the text?
A．5G Services Already Widely Used. B．Three Major Mobile Operators.
C．Advantages Of 5G Services. D．5G Services With A Bright Future In China.
Passage4
AI software can already identify people by their voices or handwriting. Now, an AI has shown it canlabel people based on their chess-playing behavior, an advance in the field of “stylometrics” that could help
computers be better chess teachers or more humanlike in their game play. Alarmingly, the system could also
be used to help identify and track people who think their online behavior is anonymous (匿名的).
Chess-playing software, such as Deep Blue and AlphaZero, has long been Superhuman. But Ashton
Anderson, a computer scientist at the University of Toronto, says the chess engines play almost an “alien
(外星人的) style” that isn’t very instructive for those seeking to learn or improve their skills. They’d do
better to tailor their advice to individual players. But first they’d need to acquire a player’s unique form.
To design and train their AI, the researchers collected more than 50 million human games and fed
them into a network. The researchers tested the system by seeing how well it distinguished one player from
another. They gave the system 100 games from each of about 3,000 known players, and 100 fresh games
from an unknown player. The system looked for the best match and identified the unknown player 86% of
the time, the researchers reported last month at the Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems
(NeurlPS). “We didn’t quite believe the results,” says Reid Mcllroy-Young, a student in Anderson’s lab and
the paper’s primary author. A non-AI method was only 28% accurate.
“The work is really cool,” says Noam Brown, a research scientist at Meta. “Style-aware AI could
transform other computer interactions.”
The researchers are aware of the privacy risks posed by the system, which could be used to expose
anonymous chess players online. And in theory, they say, given the right data sets, such systems could
identify people based on the habits of their driving or the timing and location of their cellphone use.
NeuriPS organizers found the study technically impressive but ethically (道德上) questionable, and
accepted it on condition that the researchers detail the privacy risks. Anderson says they’ve decided, for
now, not to release the software.
13．What advance in AI technology is described?
A．It can recognize different human chess players.
B．It can behave like humans when playing chess.
C．It can identify different people’s handwriting.
D．It can track people’s unacceptable online behavior.
14．Why does Anderson describe chess engines’ style as alien?
A．They have remarkable but unhelpful ability.
B．They instruct players in an extremely unique style.
C．They have an advantage over individual players in skill learning.D．They are outstanding in acquiring a player’s unique form.
15．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about concerning the new AI system?
A．Its significance to players. B．Its development process.
C．Its wide application. D．Its primary aim.
16．What is NeurIPS organizers’ attitude toward the style-aware AI?
A．Favorable. B．Disappointed. C．Careful. D．Uninterested.
Passage5
75 years after humans successfully put their first object into space, it’s much easier to launch a
satellite, but a lot messier once we’re up there.”____17____There are around 5000 satellites in orbit with
fewer than half actually working. When a satellite stops functioning, it keeps orbiting at very high speeds,
making a great threat for the useful ones.
So space sustainability has become a big concern.____18____One suggested solution is to refuel the
dead satellites and bring them back to life. Another concept is to use a robot with four arms to catch a dead
satellite before pulling it into the atmosphere to burn it up.
____19____Operating a robot from hundreds of miles away is tough. And the world hasn’t yet reached
a consensus (共识) on why we should clear the space junk and there are no real rules that govern how we
work out there.
First why should we keep things clean in orbit? We use satellites to check the weather, find our way
around, and for financial purposes. Space data gives us not just beautiful pictures of the earth, but also
information about climate change, natural disasters and other things that can help humans with earthbound
challenges.____20____
Then how can we humans think as one big community? Governments should make powerful
regulations. Companies ought to engage in shared practices and scientists are expected to think up practical
methods.____21____Only in this way can we keep those orbital highways open for the next generation and
beyond before they are deadly blocked by space junk.
A．They provide services closely related to our life.
B．This is hard both technically and politically, though.
C．Anyway, we should quicken the pace of clearing up.
D．Space is getting increasingly crowded and dangerous.
E．So we depend largely on space and it needs to be tidied up.F．Scientists are struggling for strategies to tackle the problem.
G．All of these have been integrated into the solutions we really need.
【参考答案】
1 ． A 2 ． C 3 ． D 4 ． A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。对于日本严重的食物垃圾问题，东京初创企业Fabula提出用食物垃圾制
作一种新型建筑材料。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段前两句“While it throws out about 90 pounds of food per person every
year, Japan doesn’t rank at the top of the world’s list of wasteful nations. Still, what’s thrown away
represents a serious problem for an island nation with limited landfill space and a goal of greater
sustainability.(虽然日本每年人均浪费约90磅食物，但在世界浪费国家排行榜上却并不名列前茅。
尽管如此，对于一个垃圾填埋空间有限、目标是更大的可持续性的岛国来说，被丢弃的垃圾仍然是
一个严重的问题。)”可知，第一段中提到了日本面临食物垃圾的问题。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the
world, and its key element, cement, is a major polluter of greenhouse emissions. So what if a more
sustainable alterative were possible by making cement with food waste, which also would help reduce
greenhouse emissions from landfills where that waste would otherwise be thrown away?(混凝土是世界上
使用最广泛的建筑材料，其关键成分水泥是温室气体排放的主要污染源。那么，如果有一种更可持
续的替代方法，用食物垃圾制造水泥，这也有助于减少垃圾填埋场的温室气体排放，否则垃圾就会
被丢弃。)”可知，Fabula最初的想法是用食物垃圾制作一种新型建筑材料。故选C。
3．主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句“Researchers at Fabula created a recipe to make food concrete by
drying leftovers and pressing them into a mold (模具) at a high temperature.(Fabula的研究人员发明了一
种配方，通过干燥剩菜剩饭，并在高温下将其压入模具中，使食物变成混凝土。)”和第二句中的
“began with items commonly thrown away like cabbage and orange peels but found that almost any food
item can be used(从经常被扔掉的东西开始，比如卷心菜和橘子皮，但发现几乎任何食物都可以使
用)”以及第三句“It now takes mostly coffee grounds and tea leaves to make its cement.(现在它主要用咖
啡渣和茶叶来制造水泥。)”可知，第三段主要是讲研制食品混凝土的过程。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Since the cement is 100 percent eatable, it could create
opportunities during disaster response when temporary structures need to be built quickly.(由于这种水泥
是100%可食用的，当需要快速建造临时建筑时，它可以在救灾过程中创造机会)”可知，食品混凝土与普通建筑材料的不同之处是它能填饱肚子。故选A。
5 ． D 6 ． B 7 ． A 8 ． D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了猪打架后如何和解，这证实了猪是非常聪明的。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段““I like pigs,” Winston Churchill supposedly once said. “Dogs look up at
us, cats look down on us, but pigs treat us as equals.” Whether Churchill’s contemporary George Orwell
also liked pigs is less clear. But he, too, surely saw something in them that was lacking in other domestic
beasts, for it was they who ended up running the show in novel Animal Farm. Pigs, then, are intelligent
social creatures. ”（据说温斯顿•丘吉尔曾说过：“我喜欢猪。”“狗仰视我们，猫俯视我们，但猪
对我们一视同仁。”与丘吉尔同时代的乔治·奥威尔(George Orwell)是否也喜欢猪就不那么清楚了。
但他也肯定在它们身上看到了其他家养动物所缺乏的东西，因为在小说《动物庄园》中，最终是它
们在表演。因此，猪是一种聪明的群居动物。）可推知，作者在第一段提到温斯顿•丘吉尔是为了
引出本文要探讨的话题。故选D项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Who is what depends largely on weight, for, among pigs pounds mean
power.”（谁是什么主要取决于体重，因为对猪来说，体重意味着力量。）可知，它们的体重决定了
猪在猪冲突中的角色。故选B项。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段中“He therefore wanted to understand the role of these bystanders in
resolving fights —and what this says about pigs’ cognitive abilities.”（因此，他想了解这些旁观者在解
决争斗中的作用，以及这对猪的认知能力有何影响。）可知，Ivan Norscia和他的同事进行这项研
究是因为想理解旁观者在解决冲突中的作用。故选A项。
8．推理判断有。根据最后一段“On other occasions, though, a third pig stepped in. Sometimes this
bystander acted as a peacemaker, engaging with the attacker and reducing the number of subsequent attacks
compared with what might otherwise have been expected. Sometimes, by contrast, the bystander engaged
with the victim. This appeared to calm the victim down, for it reduced anxiety-related behavior such as
shaking and scratching.”（然而，在其他场合，第三只猪介入了。有时，这个旁观者扮演和事佬的角
色，与攻击者接触，减少随后的攻击次数，否则可能会发生。相比之下，有时旁观者会与受害者互
动。这似乎使受害者平静下来，因为它减少了与焦虑相关的行为，如摇晃和抓挠。）可推知，在一
场打斗之后，旁观者通过安慰来与受害者互动。故选D项。
9 ． C 10 ． D 11 ． C 12 ． D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了5G服务在中国应用的现状和良好的发展前景。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段“The country is expected to have over 600 million 5G users by 2025,covering nearly 40 percent of the global total. Major phone makers are jumping on the broadband (宽带)
business. Eighteen types of 5G smartphones were brought out in the first three quarters of this year, and
about 787, 000 5G phones came into the market, according to a research institute with the Ministry of
Industry and Information Technology(MIIT).(预计到2025年，中国5G用户将超过6亿，占全球总数
的近40%。主要的手机制造商纷纷进军宽带业务。根据工业和信息化部的一家研究机构称，今年前
三季度共推出18种5G智能手机，约78.7万部5G手机进入市场)”可知，得益于5G服务，手机市场
变得活跃起来。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Bloomberg News reported that bringing 5G services out to the
world’s biggest population should give a push to China’s digital economy, including makers of
telecommunications equipment, platforms and applications for the internet of things, autonomous (自动的)
driving and factory automation.(彭博新闻社报道称，向世界上人口最多的国家提供5G服务将推动中
国的数字经济，包括电信设备、物联网平台和应用程序、自动驾驶和工厂自动化的制造商)”可知，
根据彭博新闻社所说，5G服务将带动中国经济的发展。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“China is ready to become the world’s largest 5G market by users, a
position that could help it set global standards (标准) for such networks and inspire its drive to become a
leader in this field.(中国准备成为世界上用户最多的5G市场，这一地位可能有助于中国为此类网络
制定全球标准，并激励中国成为该领域领导者)”可知，作者对中国5G未来的态度是积极乐观的。
故选C。
12．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The country is expected to have over 600 million 5G users by 2025,
covering nearly 40 percent of the global total.(预计到2025年，中国5G用户将超过6亿，占全球总用
户的近40%)”以及倒数第二段“Bloomberg News reported that bringing 5G services out to the world’s
biggest population should give a push to China’s digital economy, including makers of telecommunications
equipment, platforms and applications for the internet of things, autonomous (自动的) driving and factory
automation.(彭博新闻社报道称，向世界上人口最多的国家提供5G服务将推动中国的数字经济，包
括电信设备、物联网平台和应用程序、自动驾驶和工厂自动化的制造商)”可知，本文主要介绍了5G
服务在中国将有光明的前景，所以“5G服务在中国有光明的未来”可以作为文章标题。故选D。
13 ． A 14 ． A 15 ． B 16 ． C
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了人工智能可以根据人们的下棋行为给他们贴上标签，这
是“风格学”领域的一项进步。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Now, an AI has shown it can label people based on their chess-playingbehavior, an advance in the field of ‘stylometrics’ that could help computers be better chess teachers or
more humanlike in their game play.(现在，一种人工智能已经证明，它可以根据人们的下棋行为给他
们贴上标签，这是‘风格学’领域的一项进步，可以帮助计算机成为更好的国际象棋老师，或者在
下棋时更像人类)”可知，人工智能的进步是它可以识别不同的人类棋手。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But Ashton Anderson, a computer scientist at the University of
Toronto, says the chess engines play almost an “alien(外星人的) style” that isn’t very instructive for those
seeking to learn or improve their skills.(但多伦多大学的计算机科学家Ashton Anderson表示，国际象
棋引擎几乎是一种‘外星风格’，对那些寻求学习或提高技能的人来说没有多大指导意义)”可知，
Anderson将国际象棋引擎描述为“外星人风格”是因为它们虽然有非凡的能力，但是对那些寻求学
习或提高技能的人来说没有多大指导意义。故选A。
15．段落大意题。根据第三段中“To design and train their AI, the researchers collected more than 50
million human games and fed them into a network. The researchers tested the system by seeing how well it
distinguished one player from another. They gave the system 100 games from each of about 3,000 known
players, and 100 fresh games from an unknown player. The system looked for the best match and identified
the unknown player 86% of the time(为了设计和训练他们的AI，研究人员收集了5000多万份人类游
戏，并将它们输入到一个网络中。研究人员测试了这个系统，看看它能在多大程度上区分不同的玩
家。他们给系统提供了大约3000个已知玩家的100个游戏，以及一个未知玩家的100个新游戏。该
系统寻找最佳匹配并识别未知玩家的准确率为86%)”可知，本段主要讲述了新人工智能系统的研发
过程。故选B。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“NeuriPS organizers found the study technically impressive but
ethically (道德上) questionable, and accepted it on condition that the researchers detail the privacy risks.
Anderson says they’ve decided, for now, not to release the software.(NeuriPS的组织者认为这项研究在
技术上令人印象深刻，但在道德上有问题，并在研究人员详细说明隐私风险的条件下接受了这项研
究。Anderson说，他们已经决定暂时不发布这款软件)”可知，NeuriPS的组织者对于能够感知风格
的人工智能持小心谨慎态度。故选C。
17 ． D 18 ． F 19 ． B 20 ． E 21 ． G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述太空垃圾现状以及呼吁全球一致共同清除。
17．由后文“There are around 5000 satellites in orbit with fewer than half actually working. When a
satellite stops functioning, it keeps orbiting at very high speeds, making a great threat for the useful ones.
(大约有5000颗卫星在轨道上运行，实际运行的卫星不到一半。当一颗卫星停止运行时，它会以非常高的速度运行，对有用的卫星构成巨大威胁。)”可知，这里主要讲没用的卫星成了垃圾威胁其它
有用卫星。而D项Space is getting increasingly crowded and dangerous.(太空越来越拥挤和危险。)符
合语境，其中 dangerous与下文a great threat对应。故选D项。
18．由后文“One suggested solution is to refuel the dead satellites and bring them back to life. Another
concept is to use a robot with four arms to catch a dead satellite before pulling it into the atmosphere to
burn it up.(一个建议的解决方案是给死去的卫星加油，让它们复活。另一个概念是用一个有四个手
臂的机器人抓住一颗死卫星，然后把它拖到大气中烧掉。)”可知，后文在讲解决太空中垃圾的方案。
而F项Scientists are struggling for strategies to tackle the problem.(科学家们正在努力寻找解决这个问
题的策略。)符合语境，其中strategies和后文One suggested solution 对应。故选F项。
19．由后文“Operating a robot from hundreds of miles away is tough. And the world hasn’t yet reached a
consensus on why we should clear the space junk and there are no real rules that govern how we work out
there.(在数百英里外操作机器人是很困难的。世界还没有就我们为什么要清理太空垃圾达成共识，
也没有真正的规则来指导我们如何在那里工作。)”可知，后文主要讲清理垃圾在技术和政治上面的
困难。而B项This is hard both technically and politically, though.(但这在技术上和政治上都很困难。)
符合语境，其中technically和Operating a robot以及politically和the world hasn’t yet reached a
consensus 对应。故选B项。
20．由上文“Space data gives us not just beautiful pictures of the earth, but also information about
climate change, natural disasters and other things that can help humans with earthbound challenges.(太空
数据不仅为我们提供了地球的美丽图片，还提供了有关气候变化、自然灾害和其他可以帮助人类应
对地球挑战的信息。)”可知，这里主要讲太空数据对我们的用处。而E项So we depend largely on
space and it needs to be tidied up.(因此，我们在很大程度上依赖于空间，需要对其进行整理。)符合语
境，其中we depend largely on space有承上作用，it needs to be tidied up有启下作用。故选E项。
21．由前文“Then how can we humans think as one big community? Governments should make powerful
regulations. Companies ought to engage in shared practices and scientists are expected to think up practical
methods.(那么，我们人类怎么能作为一个大社区来思考呢？政府应该制定强有力的法规。公司应该
参与共同的实践，科学家应该想出切实可行的方法。)”可知，这里主要从几方面讲我们人类应该怎
样做来清理太空垃圾。而G项All of these have been integrated into the solutions we really need.(所有
这些都已整合到我们真正需要的解决方案中。)符合语境，其中All of these 与上文的几方面措施对
应。故选G项。
