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专题 04 有提示词之非谓语动词
目录
考点归纳
................................................................................................................................................................1
考点01 -ing分词..............................................................................................................................................1
考点02 过去分词.............................................................................................................................................3
考点03 动词不定式.........................................................................................................................................4
高考练场
................................................................................................................................................................6
考点01 -ing分词..............................................................................................................................................6
考点02 过去分词.............................................................................................................................................9
考点03 动词不定式.......................................................................................................................................10
考点归纳
考点 01 -ing 分词
【考点诠释】
-ing 分词分为现在分词和动名词两种,现在分词和动名词形式一样,都是由 v+ing 构成,但是在句
子中的作用不一样,动名词是动词非谓语形式的一种,动名词兼有动词和名词的特征:在句中可以用作主
语、表语、宾语和定语。现在分词在句中作状语、定语、表语、宾补。
-ing 分词构成一览表(以动词do为例)
时态 主动形式 被动形式
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
否定式 否定词 (not / never) + -ing
语法填空题考查-ing分词的五个命题切入点:
1.考查介词后的动词用-ing分词:根据英语语法,介词后接动词作宾语时,用作宾语的动词原则上要
用动名词。
2.考查习惯上后接-ing分词作宾语的动词:有些动词后常用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式,主要有
admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish, forbid, give up, imagine,keep, mind, miss, permit, practice, suggest等。
3.考查具有形容词性质的-ed分词与-ing分词的区别:有些动词的-ed分词和-ing分词具有形容词的性质,
但由于它们用法区别很大,且在使用时常常用错,它也是考查的重点之一。
4.考查-ing分词派生名词的用法:由动词派出来的-ing分词有时可以名词化,变成名词——这也是高考
英语语法填空的考点之一。
5.考查-ing分词派生副词的用法:具有形容词性质的-ing分词,原则上不能直接修饰形容词、副词或动
词,此种情况下,应考虑将具有形容词性质的-ing分词变成副词,即在其后加上副词后缀-ly。
【典例1】
(2023 下·湖南常德·高三常德市一中校考阶段练习) Actually, Zhangjiajie, 3 (honored) as “the most
fantastic mountain under heaven” and “a walking Chinese landscape painting”, is also 4 (widely) praised as
“an enlarged potted landscaping” “a mini fairyland” and “a maze (迷宫) of nature”, (attract) a growing
number of tourists at home and abroad.
【详解】attracting 考查非谓语动词。句意:事实上,张家界被誉为“天下第一奇山”和“行走的中国山
水画”,也被广泛赞誉为“一个放大的盆栽景观”“一个迷你仙境”“一个自然迷宫”,吸引着越来越多
的国内外游客。分析句子可知,句子主干成分完整,空处表示随着句子行为自然发生的结果,作结果状语,
因此应用attract的现在分词形式。故填attracting。
1.为了方便理解,先简化句子结构为:Zhangjiajie, ... is also 4 (widely) praised as ...;
2.由语境可判断此处表示“吸引着越来越多的国内外游客”,故应用做结果状语;
3.此空用attract的现在分词形式,表示某行为自然发生的结果,故应用attracting。
【变式1-1】(2023上·湖南·高三雅礼中学校考阶段练习)
The latte, (feature) the iconic Moutai label, contains less than 0.5 percent alcohol by volume and is
infused with 53-degree Moutai.
【详解】featuring 考查非谓语动词。句意:这款带有标志性茅台标签的拿铁,酒精含量不到 0.5%,并注
入了53度的茅台。句中谓语是contains,空格处用非谓语动词,latte和feature之间是主谓关系,因此空格
处用现在分词表主动,故填featuring。
【变式1-2】(2023上·湖南·高三长郡中学校考阶段练习)
Giuffre spent around two years (make) the book accessible 5 (to) Maltese readers.
【详解】making 考查非谓语动词。句意:Giuffre花了大约两年的时间让这本书与马耳他读者见面。
spend some time (in) doing...是固定搭配,意为“花……时间做……”,用动名词作介词宾语。故填
making。
【变式1-3】(2023上·广东汕头·高三汕头市潮阳实验学校校考期中)“There was a lot of 4 (diversity), with everyone from little children to professionals (submit)
proposals.” said Alexis,
【详解】submitting 考查非谓语动词。句意:“有很多多样性,从小孩到专业人士,每个人都提交了提
案。” 国际奥委会所在的瑞士艺术与设计大学主任亚历克西斯说。此处little children to professionals和动
词submit之间形成主动关系, with 复合结构中用现在分词作宾补。故填submitting。
【变式1-4】(2023秋·江苏南京·高三南京外国语学校校考开学考试)
Kowkui’s exceptionally large leaves often lead to its (mistake) for “vegetable” by first-time viewers, but
this “king” of green tea in Fang’s eyes beats other 6 (varieties) at more than just size.
【详解】being mistaken 考查动名词复合结构。句意:猴魁茶的叶子特别大,经常让第一次观看的人误认
为是“蔬菜”,但在方看来,这种绿茶“王”胜过其他品种的不仅仅是大小。分析句子可知,此处为动名
词复合结构one’s doing sth作lead to的宾语,由mistake和逻辑主语Kowkui’s leaves为被动关系,所以为被
动语态结构。故填being mistaken。
考点 02 过去分词
【考点诠释】
过去分词会考它的一般式(done)和将来式(to be done),它仅仅表示被动或完成的意思。从历年的高考
题来看,主要考查过去分词作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。
1.作表语:过去分词作表语相当于一个形容词,用来说明主语的性质、特征或情感变化。这时一定要
注意它与被动语态的区别,因为它们形式上完全相同。
2.作定语,需要注意:如果是单个过去分词作定语修饰名词的时候,要把它放在被修饰的名词前面;
如果是过去分词短语修饰名词的时候,过去分词短语要放在被修饰的名词的后面,相当于一个定语从句。
3.作宾语补足语:过去分词作宾补,对宾语的意义和状态进行补充说明。它和宾语是逻辑上的动宾关
系,或称为被动关系。
4.作状语:可表示时间、原因、条件、让步或伴随状况等意义,这时它相当于一个状语从句。这种分
词短语作状语时,句子的主语是过去分词动作的承受者或非发出者。
【典例2】
(2023上·湖南·高三长郡中学校考阶段练习) The publication was partially financed by the Malta Book Fund, an
initiative (launch) by the National Book Council and the China Cultural Centre in Malta.
【详解】launched 考查非谓语动词。句意:这本书的出版得到了马耳他图书基金的部分资助,该基金是
由马耳他国家图书委员会和马耳他中国文化中心发起的。分析句子可知,launch (发起)作后置定语修饰名词initiative,是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语initiative之间是被动关系,且根据句中的时态来看,launch这
一动作已经完成,所以应用过去分词,表示被动和完成。故填launched。
1.由语境可判断,此处应该是后置定语,修饰前面的名词an initiative;
2.launch (发起)与其逻辑主语initiative之间是被动关系。
3.根据句中的时态来看,launch这一动作已经完成,所以应用过去分词,表示被动和完成。
【变式2-1】(2023上·湖南·高三湖南师大附中校考阶段练习)
A long time ago, there was a mountain (name) “Chengdu Zaitian” in the vast wilderness.
【详解】named 考查非谓语动词。句意:很久以前,在辽阔的荒野中有一座山,名叫“成都载天”。
mountain和name构成逻辑上的被动关系,所以要用过去分词作后置定语。故填named。
【变式2-2】(2023·山东·山东省实验中学校考二模)
Therefore, every participant needs to have their documents (translate) in both languages.
【详解】translated 考查过去分词。句意:因此,每个参与者都需要将他们的文件翻译成两种语言。短语
have sth. done,意为“让某事被做”, their documents和translate之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾
补,故填translated。
【变式2-3】(2023上·福建厦门·高三厦门一中校考期中)
(add) to UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 1985, the district is enclosed by 900-year-old walls built of red
sandstone that once 3 (defended) the city against danger.
【详解】Added 考查非谓语动词。句意:该地区于1985年被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录,周围
环绕着由红砂岩建造的900年历史的城墙,这些城墙曾经保护城市免受危险。此处为非谓语,动词add和
其逻辑主语the district之间是被动关系,故用其过去分词作状语。故填Added。
【变式2-4】(2023上·重庆巴南·高三重庆市实验中学校考期中)
This past summer I lived in Rome, Italy for six weeks through a program (call) Study Abroad Italy.
【详解】called 考查非谓语动词。句意:去年夏天,我通过一个名为“意大利留学”的项目在意大利罗马
住了六个星期。分析句子结构可知,本句谓语为lived, 故本空为非谓语。此处为“被叫作”留学意大利
的项目。call“叫作” 与前面program之间是被动关系,故用过去分词called,作定语。故填called。
考点 03 动词不定式
【考点诠释】在学习非谓语动词时,动词不定式是语法学习的一个重点,也是一个难点。在英语语法中占有非常重
要的地位,是高考必考点之一。结合近几年高考英语试题来看,对不定式的考查主要体现在动词不定式作
定语、宾语、表语、状语,动词不定式与现在分词和过去分词的区别。
1.不定式作定语时,要记住这个规律:①如果动作是由句子主语发出的,那么就用动词不定式的主动
形式;如果动作不是句子主语发出的,就用动词不定式的被动形式。②如果动作没有发生,用动词不定式
作定语;若动作完成了则用过去分词作定语;若动作正在进行则用现在分词作定语。
2.动词不定式与动词ing形式作主语或宾语时,有时是没有区别的,但有时却是大不相同。常接动词
不定式作宾语的动词有refuse, afford, want, help, agree, arrange, ask, decide, promise, intend, attempt等。
3.动词不定式作表语,通常表示具体的或将来的动作。
4.动词不定式主要用作目的状语通常放在句首,放在句子末尾的时候,不用逗号隔开,只有only to do
作结果状语时才用逗号与前面内容隔开。
【典例3】
(2023上·福建福州·高三福建省福州第一中学校考开学考试) “When I was little, I was always enchanted by
buildings,” said Edna Blaise, 29, from Haiti, “but not until I started my journey in China did I realize Chinese
architecture has so many things (offer).”
【详解】to offer 考查非谓语动词。句意:但直到我开始我的中国之旅,我才意识到中国建筑有这么多可
提供给我们的东西。分析句子可知,has是句中谓语动词,offer是非谓语动词,作后置定语修饰名词many
things,表示尚未发生的事情,用不定式作后置定语。故填to offer。
1.由语境可判断,此处应该是后置定语,修饰前面的名词many things;
2.offer (提供)与其逻辑主语many things之间是被动关系,此处用主动形式表被动。
【变式3-1】(2023上·山东德州·高三德州市第一中学校考阶段练习)
Additionally, the ceremony used a large number of drone performances (create) a stunning visual
spectacle.
【详解】to create 考查非谓语动词。句意: 此外,典礼上还使用了大量的无人机表演,创造了一个令人
惊叹的视觉奇观。此处是非谓语动词作状语,表示目的,应用不定式作目的状语,故填to create。
【变式3-2】(2023·湖北襄阳·襄阳四中校考三模)
“It is of vital importance to get this information easy (understand) and obtainable for the public.” he said,
adding he looked forward to seeing more cooperation between Malaysia and China in diverse fields.
【详解】to understand 考查非谓语动词。句意:让公众容易理解和获得这些信息是至关重要的。句中
“easy _______ and obtainable for the public”部分是对名词“information”的补充说明,表示“容易理解和获取的信息”,easy短语“easy to do”表示容易做某事,因此该处需要填不定式。故填to understand。
【变式3-3】(2023上·湖北荆州·高三沙市中学校考阶段练习)
When courtyards were built with taller buildings in the north 8 (and) shorter walls facing east and west in the
south, it allowed the maximum amount of sunlight (warm) the building during the winter months.
【详解】to warm 考查非谓语动词。句意:当庭院在北面建造较高的建筑,且在南面建造面向东西的较短
的墙壁时,它允许最大数量的阳光在冬季温暖建筑。allow sth. to do sth.意思为:允许某物做某事,空处用
不定式结构作宾补。故填to warm。
【变式3-4】(2023·浙江·德清县高级中学校考模拟预测)
The Yungang Grottoes in Shanxi province also have 3D “digital archives”, which allow precious cultural relics and
historical archives 1 0 (preserve) permanently.
【详解】to be preserved 考查非谓语动词。句意:山西省云冈石窟也有3D“数字档案”,可以永久保存珍
贵的文物和历史档案。allow sb./sth. to do“允许某人做某事”,且“cultural relics and historical archives”和
“preserve”之间是被动关系,应用不定式的被动式。故填to be preserved。
高考练场
I. 单句语法填空
考点 01 -ing 分词
1. (2023 年新高考英语全国 I 卷) No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems
greedy, so I am always left _________ (want) more next time.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”,本句是被动语态,want是
主语补足语,根据句意,I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系,用现在分词。故填wanting。
2. (2023年新高考英语全国II卷) They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ________ (visit) Chinese
zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,此处用来修饰后面的名词 Chinese zookeepers,visit和Chinese
zookeepers是逻辑上的主谓关系,因此应用-ing主动形式。故填visiting。
3. (2023年新高考英语全国甲卷) “There was once a town in the heart of America, 44 (where) all life
seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar
words from many age-old fables.【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:“从前,在美国的中心地带有一个小镇,那里所有的生命似乎都和周围
的环境一起享受着和平的生活,”她的寓言是这样开头的,借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中
已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作
状语。故填borrowing。
4. (2023年新高考英语全国乙卷) (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I 6 7 (was
amazed) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗
产) while constantly growing.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在过去的10年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧共存,惊讶于
一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语,和主句主语“I”
之间为主动关系;根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知,用完成时态,由此推断,空处用现在分词
的完成时态。置于句首,首字母大写。故填Having visited。
5. (2023年新高考英语全国乙卷) As a photographer, I have spent the last two years (record)
everything I discovered.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:作为一名摄影师,我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in)
doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语,用动名词形式。故填recording。
6. (2022年新高考英语全国I卷) (cover) an area about three times 57 (the) size of Yellowstone
National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之
一。分析句子可知,空处应填动词非谓语形式作状语,空处和逻辑主语 the GPNP为主动关系,应用现在
分词形式作状语,首字母大写。故填Covering。
7. (2022年新高考英语全国II卷) When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳
台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the
(fall) child.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中已经出现了谓语动词,所以此处用非谓语形式;中心词child与fall之间为主
动关系,故用现在分词形式做定语。故用falling。
8. (2022 年新高考英语全国甲卷) He flew 4,700 kilometers 69 (from) Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20,
________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,所填的词要用非谓语动词形式。plan与主语He为逻辑上
的主谓关系,所以用动词-ing形式作伴随状语。
9. (2022年新高考英语全国乙卷) 6 8 (To strengthen) the connection with young people, the event includeda number of public promotional activities on social media, (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from
around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句中the event为主语,included为谓语动词,故invite需
用非谓语动词形式,由于其与逻辑主语构成主动关系,故用现在分词inviting。
10. (2021年新高考英语全国I卷) Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it
highlights the whole adventure 6 2 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your (ache) legs.
【解析】考查形容词。句意:虽然在上山的路上,这是唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并
且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知,此处应用形容词 aching“疼
痛的”,修饰名词legs,意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
11. (2021年新高考英语全国甲卷) After _________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at
the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在花了一些时间看了墙上所有的防御装备之后,我们决定是时候采取一
些行动了,还有什么比骑在一段历史上更好的呢!前面的“After”是介词,介词后面用动词-ing形式做宾语。
故填spending。
12. (2021年新高考英语全国乙卷) • Minimize the impact of ________ (visit) the place.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:尽量减少参观的影响。所给的词是动词且位于介词of后,故用动词-ing
形式做宾语。故填visiting。
13. (2020年新高考英语全国全国I卷) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations
(模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or ________ (walk) through a rainforest.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了欣赏展品,参观者还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在历史上
不同的时代,或者在雨林中漫步。根据句子结构分析,设空处和其前的living一样,做动词的宾语。故填
walking。
14. (2020 年新高考英语全国全国 III卷) And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds
_________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
【解析】考查动词-ing 形式。当他看到雾从漓江上升起,而山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。see
sb./sth.doing sth.表示“看到某人/某物正在做某事”。
15. (2019 年新课标全国 I 卷) Scientists have responded by ________ (note) that hungry bears may be
congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are higher than they
actually are.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:科学家们的回应是,饥饿的熊可能聚集在人类居住区周围,导致人们产
生种群数量高于实际数量的错觉。根据其前介词by可知,此处用动名词形式,做介词宾语。故填noting。
16. (2019年新课标全国Ⅱ卷) A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ________ (be) Britain’s
oldest full-time employee--- still working 40 hours a week.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:一位90岁的老人被授予“年度女性”称号,因为她是英国最年长的全职
员工——仍然每周工作40小时。介词for后跟动词时,应用其-ing形式作宾语。故填being。考点 02 过去分词
1. (2023年新高考英语全国I卷) Shanghai may be the __________ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but
food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。空格在名词home前面作定语,recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系,需填过去
分词recognized作定语,recognized“被公认的”,也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。
2. (2023年新高考英语全国甲卷) Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message _________ (intend) for
everyone.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:然而,在简洁的风格背后,是每个人都想要传达的严肃信息。be
intended for打算为……所用,在句中作定语,所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
3. (2023年新高考英语全国乙卷) From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home
to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ______
(build) system of ring roads.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此空前有its,这里和carefully一起构成一个短语做定语。和后面的system是逻
辑上的被动关系。故填built。
4. (2022年新高考英语全国甲卷) Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ________
(hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,所填的词要用非谓语动词形式。hold和the Belt and Road
Forum for International Cooperation有逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用动词-ed形式作定语。故填held。
5. (2022 年新高考英语全国乙卷) “...... It can help to build a community with a _______ (share) future for
mankind,” he said.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它将有助于建立人类命运共同体。此处需要用过去分词作定语,修饰
future,表示“人类命运共同体”。故填shared。
6. (2021年新高考英语全国I卷) Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ___________
(astonish).
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:很奇怪,不是吗? 但大自然就是这样---总是让我们感到惊讶。leave后面
可接非谓语形式做宾补,此空中 us 和 astonish 是逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词做宾补。故填
astonished。
7. (2021年新高考英语全国乙卷) It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become
__________ (educate) about the areas ......
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,所填的词做表语。由于educate和the traveler之间存在逻辑
上的动宾关系,故用动词-ed形式。故填educated。
8. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn’t
feel ___________ (challenge).
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,此处表示不直视他的眼睛,他就不会感到被挑战。feel为系动
词,表示“被挑战”,用过去分词challenged。9. (全国Ⅰ) But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was
the first Western TV reporter _________ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in
the wild.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。因为句中已有谓语动词was,故此处要用非谓语动词形式。因permit与reporter
之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填permitted。
考点 03 动词不定式
1. (2023年新高考英语全国I卷) To eat one, you have to decide whether ______ (bite) a small hole in it first,
releasing the stream and risking a spill ......
【解析】考查非谓语动词。decide whether to do sth.“决定是否做某事”,用“疑问词+不定式”作宾语,空
处与后面to put并列作宾语,故填to bite。
2. (2023 年新高考英语全国 I 卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them
___________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事”可知,空格需用动词不定式作
宾语补足语,补足语lift out与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系,空格需填动词不定式的被动
式。故填to be lifted。
3. (2023年新高考英语全国甲卷) For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) —________ (teach) a
lesson or to pass on wisdom.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:几千年来,人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知,此
处表达“来传授知识和智慧”,所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
4. (2022年新高考英语全国甲卷) A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an,
as a first step __________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,所填的词作定语修饰名词 step,所以用动词不定式,故填
to journey。
5. (2022 年新高考英语全国 I 卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were
previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority
__________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,......以提高效
率......。分析句子可知,空处应填动词非谓语形式作目的状语,故空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填
to increase。
6. (2022年新高考英语全国I卷) He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ______ (see) them.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,此处用动词不定式做目的状语。故用to see。
7. (2022年新高考英语全国乙卷) __________ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included
a number of public promotional activities on social media......
【解析】考查非谓语动词。结合句意可知,此处需用不定式表目的,“为了加强和年轻人的联系,......”。故填To strengthen。
8. (2021年新高考英语全国II卷) I decided to do something __________ (educate) people about this problem.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构可知, (educate)
people about this problem用做目的状语,所以用动词不定式。故填to educate。
9. (2021年新高考英语全国甲卷) It is possible ________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是一个句型:It is possible to do ...。分析句子结构可知,句首的“It”是形式
主语,真正的主语是动词不定式。故填to walk。
10. (2021 年新高考英语全国乙卷) Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and
accommodations aim ________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。aim to do sth意为“旨在做某事”,是一个固定搭配。故填to have。
11. (2020 年高考英语全国 I 卷) Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4
(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:中国研究人员希望利用嫦娥四号上的仪器来发现和研究南极-艾特肯盆
地的地区。根据句意和句子结构来看,此空用做目的状语,故填to find。
12. (2020年高考英语全国II卷) These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites
or for second and third graders ________ (begin) computer classes.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。本题为“It is+adj.+for sb to do sth”句式,和前面的to publish一样,用不定式。
所以填to begin。
13. (2020年高考英语全国III卷) The next morning he hired a boat and set out (find) the well-known
painter.
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:第二天早晨,他租了一条船,出发去寻找那位著名的画家。这里用 to
find表示目的。
14. (2019年高考英语III卷) On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how
long it would take ______ (get) there.
【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子,wondering后的句子不缺谓语,此
处应填非谓语动词,作主语代替形式主语it。故填to get。
15. (2019年高考英语·浙江卷) But some students didn’t want ________ (wear) the uniform.
【解析】 考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意:但是,有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth.想要做某事,这
是want的固定用法。故填to wear。
16. (2019 年高考英语·江苏卷) _________ (enjoy) the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens
started to use smart phones.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意:为了享受数字支付的方便,很多老年市民开
始使用智能手机。故填不定式To enjoy。
17. (2018年高考英语·全国卷Ⅰ)You don’t have to run fast or for long _______ (see) the benefit.
【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑得太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语,故填to see。
18. (2018年高考英语·全国卷Ⅱ) The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___________
(improve) water quality.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词连接且谓语
动词是encourages,故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的,故用不定式。故填to improve。
19. (2018年高考英语·全国卷Ⅲ) Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _______ (stay) and watch.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:一旦他的信息传达出去,他就允许我留下来看。固定短语 allow sb. to do
允许某人做某事,应该用to do ......。故填to stay。
20. (新课标高考英语全国Ⅰ) It took years of work __________ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the
water.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中it是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式,该句结构为 It takes/took + 时
间 + to do sth.。
II.语篇填空:
第二节 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或所给单词的正确形式。
(2023上·重庆·高三重庆巴蜀中学校考阶段练习)
Fall marks cricket fighting season in China, a sport 1 (believe) to date back more than a millennium. In
recent years, it’s gained 2 (popular) with new generations.
Here’s 3 the game works. Two crickets —always males are weighed to the closest hundredth of a gram
4 then paired off by weight class. They 5 (place) in a clear plastic ring nearly the size of a dinner plate,
with a dividing wall 6 (separate) the two insects. A referee signals go time, then slides out the ring divider to
let the bugs face off.
The owners poke a special reed (芦苇) in to brush their crickets, which drives them to fight. A referee closely
monitors the tiny fighters, noting 7 number of attacks and retreats. Cricket enthusiasts wax poetic about a
certain province because of the fierceness of its six-legged fighters. Ningyang county in Shandong produces
especially desired bugs, the sale of which brings 8 about 600 million yuan in revenue a year.
Zhao Jiuling is a 9 (commit) cricket competitor. Each night, he cooks a nutritious meal of grain and bean
powder for crickets. “They’re very 1 0 (pick) about both their food and mates,” he said. “Sometimes they
don’t like each other. Domestic violence happens both ways. Sometimes the females eat the males,” he added.
【答案】1. believed 2. popularity 3. how 4. and 5. are placed 6. separating 7. the 8. in 9. committed 10.
picky
【详解】本文主要讲解了中国“斗蛐蛐”这一传统运动项目的历史。具体介绍了“斗蛐蛐”的规则、
“斗蛐蛐”对于山东宁阳县经济的拉动作用,并通过 Zhao Jiuling 这一斗蛐蛐爱好者的视角介绍了蛐蛐的饮食等习惯。
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意:秋天是中国斗蛐蛐的季节,这项运动被认为可以追溯到一千多年前。句子谓语
动词是marks,空格处填入非谓语动词,“sport”和believe之间为被动关系,此处应用过去分词作后置定语。
故填believed。
2. 考查名词。句意:近年来,它受到了新一代的欢迎。此处应用名词作宾语, 这里是指斗蛐蛐这一运动
在最近几年受到了新一代人的欢迎,popularity为不可数名词。故填popularity。
3. 考查表语从句连接词。句意:以下是这个运动是如何操作的。根据后文介绍“斗蛐蛐”的规则可知这里
应该是介绍方式,故用连接副词“how”引导表语从句。故填how。
4. 考查连词。句意:两只蛐蛐——通常是雄性——称重至最接近的百分之一克,然后按体重级别配对。根
据句意以及横线后的“then”可知这里的“be weighed”和“paired off”应该是并列关系,用and连接,故填
and。
5. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:它们被放置在一个接近餐盘大小的透明塑料环中,并用分隔墙将两
种昆虫分开。主语“They”指“蛐蛐”,和动词place(放置)是被动关系,所以用被动语态。根据本段时态
可知,用一般现在时的被动语态,主语表示复数意义,be动词用are,故填are placed。
6. 考查with的复合结构。句意同上。结合空格前的with可知用with的复合结构,墙将两只蛐蛐分隔开来,
故“a dividing wall”和“sperate”之间为主动关系,故用现在分词作宾补。故填separating。
7. 考查定冠词。句意:一名裁判密切监视着这些小拳击手,记录它们进攻和撤退的次数。这里指“记录好
蛐蛐进攻和撤退的次数”,the number of…意为“……的数量”。故填the。
8. 考查介词。句意:山东宁阳县出产的蛐蛐特别受欢迎,每年的销售额约为6亿元人民币。这里的意思是
宁阳县每年蛐蛐的销售收入可以赚到6亿人民币,bring in意为“赚得”。故填in。
9. 考查形容词。句意:Zhao Jiuling是一个斗蛐蛐忠实爱好者。这里用形容词作定语,修饰后面的“cricket
competitor”,committed意为“尽心尽力的,忠诚的,坚定的”,形容词,故填committed。
10. 考查形容词。句意:“它们对食物和配偶都非常挑剔,”他说。此处应用形容词 picky作表语,be
picky about…意为“对……挑剔”,故填picky。