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专题 04 非谓语
目 录
01 挑战真题·查知识漏洞
02 回顾教材·补知识漏洞
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
易混易错归纳
03 知识通关演练
1.（2023年新高考I卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing
them ________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their
contents.
2.（2023年新高考 I卷）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet
two seems greedy, so I am always left ________(want) more next time.
3.（2023 年新高考 II 卷）They talk to the flood of international tourists and to _________
(visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
4.(2023全国甲卷）For thousands of years,people have told fables(寓言） 61 (teach）a
lesson or to pass on wisdom.
5.(2023全国甲卷）There was once a town in the heart of America,where all life seemed to enjoy
peaceful existence with is surroundings,”her fable begins. (borrow) some familiar words
from many age-old fables.6.（2023 全国甲卷）Behind the simple style,however,s a serious message (intend) for
everyone.
7.(2023全国乙卷）From Buddhist temples to museums,narrow hutong to royal palaces,it is home
to morethan3,000years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its
carefully (build) system of ring roads.
回顾核心考点
考点1非谓语动词的形式
一、非谓语动词的含义
非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将
其叫做非谓语动词。
二、非谓语动词的形式
非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。其中，每种形式按
照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。具体如下：1.不定式
①基本形式：to do（表示主动，并且一般表示将来）
②被动式：to be done（表示被动，并且一般表示将来）
③进行式：to be doing （表示主动和进行）
④完成时：to have done（表示主动和完成）
⑤完成被动式：to have been done（表示被动和完成）
⑥完成进行式：to have been doing （表示主动和完成进行）
The teacher told us to do morning exercises. 老师让我们做早操。
The car to be bought is for his sister. 要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。
She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 老师进来时，她假装正
在读书。
The thief is said to have escaped. 据说小偷已经逃跑了。
The thief is said to have been arrested. 据说小偷已经被抓住了。
She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years. 据说在过去的20年里，
她一直在这家工厂工作。
2. 动名词
①基本形式：doing （表示主动）
②被动式：being done（表示被动）
③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成）
④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）
Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future. 在未来，普通人在太空旅
行将会是普遍的事情。
Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans. Freddy 和他的乐队
到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。
I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you. 我不知道他做过这样一件违背你的
事情。
Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop. 很多顾客抱怨在那家
商店被缺斤少两过。
3. 现在分词①基本形式：doing （表示主动和进行）
②被动式：being done（表示被动和进行）
③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成）
④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成）
He sat there，reading a newspaper. 他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。
The area being studied may be rich in coal. 这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。
Having finished my homework，I began to watch TV. 完成作业后，我开始看电视。
Having been told many times，she still can't remember it. 已经被告诉了很多次，她仍然记不
住。
4. 过去分词：done
及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成；不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。
polluted river 被污染的河流；fallen leaves 落叶
注意：非谓语动词本身不能表示现在和过去。非谓语动词表示进行、将来和完成时是相对
于谓语动作来说的。和谓语动作同时发生表示进行；发生在谓语动作之后表示将来；发生
在谓语动作之前表示完成。
三．非谓语动词的句法功能
一）．填非谓语动词时要填不定式to do的情况：
1.主语： It is/was＋adj./n.＋for/of sb. to do sth.
It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.
2.宾语：①.有些动词只能用不定式作宾语：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装
decide/determine, learn, want, expect/ hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend 主动答应选
offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help
②. find/think/believe/consider/make/feel＋it＋adj./n.＋to do sth.
3.表语：
不定式作表语多表示某一次具体的特定的或有待实现的动作(aim, dream, plan, purpose等后)
4.定语：
①.不定式作定语表示将来的动作；
②.不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或only, next等修饰的中心词，且与中心词为逻辑上的
主动关系；③.下列名词或代词，常用不定式作定语。ability, chance,opportunity, plan, attempt, way,
something, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise等。
5.状语：
①.作目的状语。表示“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定
式前也可加in order或so as，但so as to不能置于句首。2.作结果状语。不定式作结果状语
常表示令人意外的结果，有时前面加only，以加强语气。
only to do 表示意想不到的结果 enough to do 足够做……too ... to do 太……而不
能……so/such ... as to ... 如此……以至于……
②.作原因状语。表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用
以说明产生这种心理活动或情绪的原因，常用于这类结构的形容词有 sorry, surprised,
disappointed, excited, glad, happy, anxious, delighted, pleased, foolish等。
6.宾语补足语：
①.在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，如:ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow,
persuade, order, warn, remind, prefer, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach等。
②.下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：一感 (feel)，二听(hear, listen
to)，三使(let，have, make)，五看 (see, notice, observe, watch, look at)，半帮助 (help)，但
在变为被动语态时需加to。
7.动词不定式的时态和语态的构成和用法
形式 意义 主动语态 被动语态
一般式：与句子谓语动词的动作同时发生或在谓语动词的动作之后发生to do to be done
进行式 在谓语动词的动作发生时正在进行 to be doing —
完成式 在谓语动词的动作之前发生 to have done to have been done
二） 填非谓语动词时要填动名词v-ing的情况：
1.主语：单个动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用三单形式；
It is/was a waste (of ...)/no use/no good doing sth.
2. 表语： 动名词作表语表示通常的情况，多指抽象的、经常性的动作;
3.定语： 动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途、性能或目的。
4.宾语：
(1) 介词 + v -ing (注意to为介词的情况)；
(2) 下列动词(短语)只能用动名词作宾语:考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy避免错过继续练，否认
完成就avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡 forbid, imagine, risk; can't help (禁不住), mind, allow/per
mit, escape
(3)既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：forget, remember,
regret, mean, try, stop, go on
三）.填非谓语动词时要填分词的情况：
1.状语：分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般在句中作时间、原因、结果、方
式、条件、伴随、让步等状语。
2.表语：表示心理状态的动词-ing形式的形容词，意为“令人……的”；动词-ed形式的形
容词，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的 look，expression，tears，
smile，voice等名词。
On hearing the exciting news，she shouted in an excited voice.
3.定语：现在表主动 进行
4.宾语补足语：
①.现在分词作宾语补足语表示主动、进行
常用现在分词作宾语补足语的词语有feel，find，hear，notice，observe，see，watch，get，
have，keep，leave，send，set，listen to，look at等。
②.过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动、完成
常用过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有have，make，get，find，see，notice，watch，hear，
feel，want，like等。 I will have my bike repaired tomorrow.
③现在分词的时态和语态的构成和用法
形式 意义 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 与谓语动词的动作同时发生 doing being done
完成式 先于谓语动词的动作完成 having done having been done
三．总结：提示词为动词考非谓语动词的策略
1．分析非谓语动词发生的时间以及非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系
(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系， 且正在进行，要想到用现在分词形式
(doing)；
(2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，且表完成， 要想到用过去分词形式(done);(3)若非谓语动词表将来的动作，或作目的状语，或跟在表示喜怒哀乐的形容词后表示原因
或意料之外的结果等， 要想到用不定式形式(to do)。
2．掌握非谓语动词的固定句式结构
(1)It's＋形容词＋(for/of sb.＋)to do sth.；
It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.
(2)It's no good/use/pleasure doing sth.；
(3)find/think/believe/consider＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.；
3．牢记后跟非谓语动词的特定动词
(1)牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词；
(2)牢记用动词不定式或分词作补足语的动词。
(3)既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接不定式作宾语，但意义上有区
别：forget, remember, regret, mean, try, stop, go on
4.非谓语动词作定语
(1)现在分词作定语，表示动作主动，正在进行，若表示”正在被……”则用being done.
(2)过去分词作定语表示被动，完成。
(3)当名词被形容词最高级，序数词(the first, the last 等）修饰时，用to do作定语
(4)抽象名词ability, plan, chance, promise, wish, opportunity,
responsibility 等后常用ability, plan, chance, promise, wish,
opportunity,responsibility作后置定语。
5. 非谓语动词作宾补
（1）常用不定式作宾补的动词有： tell, order, allow, permit, enable, persuade, force, warn,
encourage, ask, invite, expect. 感官动词和使役动词后的不定式作宾补，在主动语态中要省略
不定式的符号to, 但在被动语态中to要还原。
（2）现在分词作宾补，表主动，进行。常接现在分词作宾补的动词有感官动词和使役动词，
但注意，have/leave sb doing sth 译为“让宾语一直做……”。
（3）过去分词作宾补，被动，完成
（4）with +O+OC to do 将来，目的
with +O+OC doing 进行，主动
with +O+OC done 完成，被动
6.非谓语动词作状语
（1）分词作状语，要与主句保持逻辑主语一致（2）现在分词作状语，现在分词与句子主语是主动关系，可以表伴随原因, 时间或条件，
表示意料之中的结果，用 doing, 若表示分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，则用 having
done.
（3）过去分词作状语，过去分词与句子主语是被动关系
（4）不定式作状语可以表目的, only to do 表示意料之外的结果, 形容词或过去分词作表语
时，后接to do 作状语常见的形容词有: happy, lucky, anxious, proud, disappointed, surprised,
delighted, foolish, pleased, fortunate 等, 主系表+to do ，用 主动表被动
1.The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously
unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one
authority ___________(increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
2.A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first
step ___________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
3.Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___________ (hold) in
Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
4.He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, __________ (plan) to hike back
to Xi’an in five months.
5.__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of
public promotional activities on social media, __________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals
from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
6.That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ____________
（continue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."
7.Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging
from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1. 2-
metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___36___ (fall) child.1. （2024·全国·二模）The Chinese zodiac, also known as Sheng Xiao or Shu Xiang, is a 1
(repeat) circle of 12 years.
2.（2024·河南濮阳·一模）A video capturing (拍摄) Peng’s heroics went popular 15
instant it appeared on Chinese social media, 16 (make)him get much attention from the
public.
3.（2024·山东青岛·一模）Chinese Loong is the fifth animal of the 12-year Chinese zodiac
cycle, 21 (consider) to be mythical and symbolic of fortune
4.（2024·山东青岛·一模）a research fellow said, 30 (stress) that Spring Festival is
the traditional festival Chinese people attach the most importance to, and it’s also a peak season
for consumption.
5.（2024·黑龙江·二模）39 (promote) rural vitalization (振兴) further, villages in Anji have
widely adopted a model called “Two investments and three returns”
6.（2024·江苏·一模）a piece in the NMC’s collection from the Eastern Han Dynasty, 42
play presented a fantasy “dialogue” between the ancient ceramic (陶瓷的) figures and the
audience while 43 (integrate) art forms such as drama, musical and opera.
7.（2024·江苏·一模）the NMC’s Ancient China exhibition hall often lead visitors 46
(impress) by ancient Chinese civilization.
8.（2024·江苏·一模） 49 they can also help visitors better relate to 50
(hide) cultural meanings.
9.（2024·安徽合肥·一模） People had to fetch water from five kilometers away every day.
55 (ease) this area’s water shortages, the local government decided to construct a canal across
the mo
10.（2024·安徽·一模）The Analects of Confucius (《论语》) records the words and deeds of
the ancient Chinese philosopher Confucius, 81 (write) somewhere between the Spring
and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period more than 2,000 years ago.11.（2024·湖北·二模）Between 121 BC and 111 BC, Emperor Wu set up four counties to the
west of the Yellow River, Jiuquan, Wuwei, Zhangye and Dunhuang 91 (expand) the
influence of the Han central government and develop ties with countries in XiYu (西域)
12.（2024·广东广州·二模）Chinese tea falls into six categories, namely green tea, white tea,
yellow tea, oolong tea, black tea and dark tea, 56 (base) on different production methods and
fermentation (发酵) degrees.
13.（2023·浙江丽水·三模） 101 (note)China’s achievements of green development in
urban and rural areas, Zhang Xiaohong, vice minister of housing and urban-rural development,
stressed the difficult task of saving energy and reducing carbon emissions in urban and rural
construction at a press conference on Monday.
14.（2024·广东佛山·二模）“Addressing the issue requires multi-sectoral and interdisciplinary
cooperation, making full use of cutting-edge technology and jointly 70 (develop) risk
prevention and response plans,” he adds.
15.（2024·广东广州·二模） Since the Tang Dynasty, Chinese tea has made its way to the
world, through the Ancient Tea Horse Road and the Ancient Silk Road, 53 (shape) different
tea drinking customs and cultures along the way.
