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专题 05 代词
目录
一、考情解读............................................................................................................................................1
二、命题分析预测....................................................................................................................................1
三、考点必备知识通关............................................................................................................................1
四、重难点突破......................................................................................................................................12
五、考法解题能力提升..........................................................................................................................17
六、精选考点题型专练..........................................................................................................................18
一、考情解读
1.了解9种代词的基本用法。
2.熟练掌握不定代词、替代词、人称代词、物主代词及反身代词的用法。
3.准确把握代词it表示时间、距离、天气,it的固定句型及it作形式主语、形式宾语等的用
法。
二、命题分析预测
1.高考对代词的考查侧重在人称代词、物主代词、反身代词及it的用法上,并且会更加注重
语境的真实性和复杂性。
2.近几年高考的语法填空题重点考查考生在语境中正确使用代词的能力。
三、考点必备知识通关
考点1 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
人称代词 I we you you he she they主格 it
人称代词 me us you you him her them
宾格 it
形容词性 my our your your his her their
物主代词 its
名词性物 mine ours yours yours his hers theirs
主代词 its
反身代词 myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself themselves
herself
itself
知识1 人称代词
人称代词的句法功能。在句中,人称代词作不同的成分对应其不同的格:
►We all grew up hearing people tell us to "go out and get some fresh air."人们告诉我们"出去呼
吸点新鲜空气",我们都是听着这些长大的。[2019全国Ⅰ](主格We作主语,宾格us作tell的
宾语)
【特别提醒】
1.在It is/was...that/who...强调句型中,若被强调部分是人称代词,作主语用主格,作宾语用宾格。
►It was we that met him at the school gate. 是我们在学校门口遇到他了。(主格we作主语)
►It was him that we met at the school gate.我们在学校门口遇到的是他。(宾格him作宾语)
2.句中没有谓语动词时,人称代词常用宾格。
►—I'd like to go to climb the mountain this weekend.这个周末我想去爬山。
—Me,too.我也想去。
3.当说话者不清楚或没必要知道谈论对象的性别时,常用it来表示。
►What a lovely baby! Is it a boy or a girl?多么可爱的婴儿啊!是男孩还是女孩?
Every year when Grain in Ear comes, people make different types of bread with wheat flour and
color _______(they)with vegetable juice.
【解析】 分析句子结构及语境可知,color在此是动词,此处缺宾语,故填they的宾格
them。
知识2 物主代词物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
1.形容词性物主代词相当于形容词:置于名词之前,作定语,不可单独使用。
►Those people are my schoolmates.那些人是我的校友。
拓展延伸 含形容词性物主代词的常用结构:
1.形容词性物主代词+own(+名词) 某人自己的(……)
►I have my own room. 我有我自己的房间。
►I need a room of my own. 我需要有一间自己的房间。
2.形容词性物主代词+v-ing,可作主语或宾语
►His being ill made his mother worried. 他生病使母亲很担忧。
Dahlquist had always delighted in hearing the baby birds chirp( 唧 唧 叫 )to _______
(they)parents during feeding time.
【解析】 分析句子结构可知,to在此为介词,再由名词parents可知,空处需用形容词性物
主代词,故填their。
2.名词性物主代词相当于"形容词性物主代词+名词":可单独使用(作主语、表语和宾语),也可
用"of+名词性物主代词"结构作后置定语。
► Your bike is black.Mine (=My bike)is red.你的自行车是黑色的,我的是红色的。
►There is something wrong with my bike. May I use yours (=your bike)?我的自行车坏了,我可
以用你的吗?
►Kate went on holiday with a cousin of hers.凯特和她的一个表妹一起去度假了。
At first she took my hands in _______ (she)and listened patiently as I mentioned my worries.
【解析】 句意:起初,当我提及自己的担忧时,她把我的手握在她的手里,并耐心听着。由
介词in可知此处缺宾语,又结合语境可知,此处表示"她的手",应用名词性物主代词hers,相当
于her hands。故填hers。
知识3 反身代词
1.反身代词可作宾语:常在 enjoy, teach, hurt, behave, introduce(介绍)等动词后作动宾和by,
for, to, in, of等介词后作介宾。
►He is teaching himself English.他在自学英语。
►She was talking to herself.她在自言自语。Now I'm much more experienced as a driver. Although I still don't
consider _______ (I) a perfect one, I'm much more confident behind the wheel than what I was
when I started.
【解析】 根据语境并分析句子结构可知,Although引导的让步状语从句的主语与宾语为
同一人,故此处用反身代词myself。
2.反身代词可作同位语:用于加强语气,强调"亲自,本人,亲身"。
►He himself went to the bank. 他亲自去了银行。
Heritage can also be a reminder of the lifestyle of the past. Just look at Vienna's coffee culture:
the award was for what happened there, not for the places _______ (they).
【解析】 根据语境并分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作the places的同位语,此处表示"奖
励是给在那里所发生的事的,而不是给这些地方本身",因此这里填they的反身代词
themselves,表示"它们本身"。
3.反身代词可作表语:常用于be, feel, look, seem等系动词后作表语,表示身体或精神状态。
►I'm not myself today.今天我感觉不舒服。
►I am feeling myself again.我觉得健康如昔。
归纳总结 含有反身代词的常用短语
1.介词+反身代词
by oneself 单独,独自 for oneself 亲自,为自己
in oneself 本身,本来 to oneself 独自拥有的,独享的
2.动词+反身代词
enjoy oneself过得愉快 amuse oneself自娱
seat oneself就座 boast oneself自夸
teach oneself自学 express oneself表达自己的思想
behave oneself举止得体 hide oneself把自己藏起来
dress oneself自己穿衣 apply/devote oneself to致力于
feel oneself觉得身体好 help oneself to随便吃/用
lose oneself in沉迷于 make yourself at home不拘束
adapt/adjust oneself to使自己适应于考点2 不定代词
不定代词是高考考查的内容之一,考生一定要注意不定代词在具体语境中的用法。此外,大多
数不定代词还可以作限定词(两者在用法上基本是相通的)。下面具体讲解一下常见的不定
代词的用法。
知识1 either, both, neither, all, none, any
代词 含义 作主语时谓语动词的
数
两者 either 肯定 单数
both 肯定 复数
neither 否定 常用单数
三者或更多 all 肯定 与all指代的人或事
物保持一致
none 否定 用单、复数均可(常
与of短语连用)
any 肯定
►There are two ways leading to the woods. Either seems (=Both seem) to be passable. 有两条路
通往森林,任何一条/两条似乎都走得通。
►Neither of the two cars is mine.这两辆汽车都不是我的。
►All of the food has gone.所有食物都没了。
►None of the money is mine.钱都不是我的。
►Mr. Smith refused to accept any of the three suggestions.史密斯先生拒绝接受三条建议中的
任何一条。
—Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?
—I'm afraid _______ is possible.
【解析】 根据问句中的"Monday or Tuesday"及空前的"I'm afraid"可知,此处表示"两者都不",
故填neither。
知识2 none, nobody/no one, nothing
1.
代词 指代对象 常用来提问的疑问词
none 人和物 how many, how much
nobody/no one 人 who
nothing 物 what►—How much money do you have?你有多少钱?
—None.一点也没有。
►—Who is in the room?谁在屋里?
—No one/Nobody.没有人。
►—What are you doing now?你现在在做什么?
—Nothing.什么也没有做。
2.对"some/any/every+名词"进行全部否定的词是none;对someone/somebody/everyone/
everybody/anyone/anybody进行全部否定的词是nobody/no one;对something/anything
/everything 进行全部否定的词是nothing。
►If I had some money, I would lend him, but unfortunately, I have none.如果我有些钱的话,我
会借给他,但不幸的是,我一点钱也没有。
【特别提醒】
1.none作主语时谓语动词的单复数
►We had three cats once — none is/are alive now.我们曾经有三只猫,现在一只也没有了。
2.none可与of连用,作主语时谓语动词的单复数
►None of the telephones is/are working.没有一部电话是好的。
知识3 each
1.each可直接作主语,也可接"of+名词复数"作主语,此时,谓语动词用单数。
►Each (of the students) has a dictionary. 每位学生都有一本词典。
2.each可作同位语,放在主语(复数)后,谓语动词用复数。
►They each have a dictionary.他们每人有一本词典。
拓展延伸 each还可作限定词,修饰可数名词单数,常与every进行区别辨析:
►There are lots of flowers on each side of the road. 路两边有许多花。
►She knows every student in the school. 她认识学校里的每一个学生。
知识4 the other, another, the others, others
代词 用法 例句
the other 特指两者中的另一个,常用 I have two daughters. One is a
在"one...the other..."结构中 doctor, and the other is a
teacher.我有两个女儿,一个是
医生,一个是教师。
another 指三者或三者以上中的"另 I got another of those calls一,再一" yesterday.昨天我又接了一个
那样的电话。
the others 相当于"the other+可数名词复 Two boys will go to the zoo,
数",特指其余全部的人或物 and the others will stay at
home.两个男孩将去动物园,
其余的留在家里。
others 相当于"other+可数名词复 Some students are cleaning the
数",泛指别的人或物,常用 classroom; others are playing
在"some...others..." 结构中 on the playground.一些学生
在打扫教室,另一些在操场上
玩。
【特别提醒】
1.the other还可作定语修饰可数名词,修饰可数名词复数时,表示"其余全部的"。如:
the other book另一本书 the other books其余的书
2.another也可作定语,后可跟"基数词/few(+可数名词复数)",表示"另外的……"。"another+基
数词+可数名词复数"相当于"基数词+more+可数名词复数"。
►I have been here for two weeks and I will stay here for another three weeks (=three more
weeks).我在这里已经两周了,还要在这儿再待三周。
In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in _______, knives and forks.
【解析】 句意:在一些国家,人们用筷子吃东西,而在另外一些国家,(人们)用的是刀和叉。
空格处与some相呼应,构成"some...others..."结构,意为"一些……,另一些……",故填others。
知识5 some和any
some常用于肯定句,any则常用于否定句和疑问句。
►Some of the milk has gone bad.一些牛奶坏了。
►I need some stamps. Are there any in your bag? 我需要一些邮票。你包里有吗?
【特别提醒】 any还可用于肯定句,表示"任一"。
►I'll take any you don't want. 你不要的我随便拿一个。
拓展延伸 some和any均可作限定词,修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词。
1.some常用于肯定句,any常用于否定句和疑问句。
►There's still some wine in the bottle. 瓶子里还有些葡萄酒。
►Are there any meat? I didn't eat any meat.有肉吗?我一点儿肉也没吃。2.some也可用于疑问句。若疑问句表示请求、建议或邀请,或期望得到对方肯定的答复,用
some,不用any。
►May I ask you some questions? 我可以问你一些问题吗?(请求)
►Would you like some coffee? 你想喝点咖啡吗? (邀请)
【注意】 some和any均可修饰可数名词单数。
(1)"some+可数名词单数"表示"某一……"。
►John, some student is waiting for you downstairs. 约翰,有个学生在楼下等你。
(2)"any+可数名词单数"表示"任一……"。
►Take any book you like. 你喜欢哪本书就拿哪本。
知识6 many,much,(a)few,(a)little
many,much,(a)few,(a)little既可作代词,又可作限定词,总结如下:
含义 替代或修饰名词复数 替代或修饰不可数名词
表示"多" many much
表示"少" few little
表示"肯定" a few a little
表示"否定" few little
(注意:not a little,quite a little相当于much;not a few,quite a few相当于many)
►Many wanted to change their life in the town.镇上许多人想改变自己的生活。
►You have a lot of free time, but I don't have much.你有很多空闲时间,但是我没有。
►A lot of guests were invited, but few came.邀请了很多客人,但来的人不多。
►If you have any spare milk, could you give me a little?你要是有多余的牛奶,给我一些好吗?
知识7 复合不定代词
1.常见的复合不定代词
2.复合不定代词的基本用法
(1)复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。
►Everyone knows this. 每个人都知道这一点。
(2)当形容词修饰复合不定代词时,形容词通常后置。
►There's something wrong with the TV. 电视出毛病了。
某 任何 每个,所有 没有
人 someone anyone everyone no one
somebody anybody everybody nobody
物 something anything everything nothing知识8 不定代词构成的固定搭配
anything but 决不,根本不 nothing but 仅仅,只有
none but=only仅仅,只有 all but几乎,差不多; 除……外全部
anybody/everybody but除……外的任何人
not anything=nothing没有什么(表示全部否定)
not everything并非每件东西(表示部分否定)
not much of a...不是很好,不怎么样
...or something ……诸如此类的什么
something like... 有点像……,大概……,大约……
something or other 一件什么东西(事情)
something of a... 有些……,有几分……
►He is anything but a clerk.他根本不是一名职员。
►He is a scientist or something.他是科学家之类的人物。
►I have something like 20 dollars in cash.我大概有20美元现金。
►His life is something of a mystery. 他的生活有几分神秘。
考点3 不定代词
知识1 替代词one, the one, that, it
代词 用法 例句
one 替代上文出现的"同类"事物, He bought several books and
但不是 lent one to me.他买了几本书
并借给了我一本。(one指a
"同一"事物,泛指同类事物中
book)
的一个,所替代的名词必须是
可数名词单数。表示复数时
用ones。
the one 替代前面提到的可数名词单 The book on the desk is better
数,且表特指。有时可用that than the one under the desk.书
替代(尤其是在有后置定语的 桌上面的那本书比书桌下面
情况下)。表示复数时用the 的那本书好。
ones。
续表
代词 用法 例句
that 替代上文出现的"同类"事物, The weather here is colder所替代的名词可以是可数名 than that in Henan.这儿的天
词单数,也可以是不可数名词, 气比河南的天气冷。
其后常跟介词短语作后置定
语。表示复数时用those。
it 替代上文出现的"同一"事物, The weather is cold.I don't like
被替代的名词可以是可数名 it.天气很冷,我不喜欢。(it指
词单数,也可以是不可数名 the weather)
词。表示复数时用them。
In Canada,the tipping situation is very similar to _______ of the US.
【解析】 分析语境及句子结构,尤其是空后的介词短语of the US,可知此处用that替代前
面提到的the tipping situation,表示同类事物。故填that。
The Chinese have known about the benefits of green tea since ancient times, and they use
_______ to treat various diseases such as headaches and depression.
【解析】 句意:自古以来中国人就知道绿茶的好处,并用绿茶来治疗各种疾病,如头痛和
抑郁症。此处指代的是前面提到的green tea,故用it。
知识2 指示代词this, that, these, those
1.指代前面提到过的事物,常用that或those,起"承上"的作用;指代将要提及的事物,常用this
或these,起"启下"的作用。
►He was ill.That's why he didn't come.他病了。那就是他没来的原因。
►What do you think of this? Jack broke my camera,but he refused to pay for the repairs.你怎么
看这件事?杰克摔坏了我的照相机,但他拒绝出修理费。(此句中this指代下文将要提到的事
物,不能换成that)
2.在打电话时,用this来介绍自己,用that来询问对方。
►Hello. This is Tom. Who is that speaking? 喂,我是汤姆。您是哪位?
3.含有this, that的习惯用法。
知识3 指示代词such和the same
1.such指代如前所述的那样的人或事物。
►Such is Albert Einstein, a simple man with great achievements.这就是阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦,一
个简朴而又成就卓越的人。
2.the same指同样的人或事物。
►The same happened once.同样的事情曾经发生过。四、重难点突破
难点1 it的用法
1.it作形式主语
it可以作形式主语,而把真正的主语后置。常用it作形式主语的句型有:
(1)It+be+adj.+(for sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有:easy, difficult, hard, necessary,
unnecessary, possible等。
►It is necessary to change your job.你换一下工作是有必要的。
_______ is important for adults to speak to young people about how they use social media and
chat online.
【解析】 分析句子结构可知,本句使用了"It+be+adj.+for sb. to do sth."句式,故本空填代词
It。
(2)It+be+adj.+of sb. to do sth. 此句型中的形容词通常描述人的性格、品质等。常用于该句
型的形容词有: kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。
►It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home.这家人真友好,努力让我感到轻松自
在。
(3)It+be+n.+(for sb./sth.)to do sth.常用于此句型的名词(短语)有: pity, shame, pleasure, fun, joy,
good/bad manners等。
►It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old.年轻人占据给老人的座位是不
礼貌的。
(4)It takes/took sb.+一段时间+to do sth. 表示"做某事花费某人多长时间"。
►It took us half an hour to get to the town.到那座城镇花了我们半个小时。
_______ took him seven years to scan the characters in Chinese ancient books.
【解析】 句意:他花了七年时间扫描中国古籍上的汉字。此处考查It takes/took sb. some
time to do sth.句型,故填It。
(5)It+be+adj./n.+doing sth.常用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)有: useless, fun, no/little use,
no/much good等。
►It's no use crying over spilt milk.为打翻的牛奶哭泣是没有用的。(覆水难收,悔恨无益。)
(6)It+be+adj./n.+主语从句.在"It is necessary/important+that从句"中,从句的谓语常用"should+动词原形",且should可以省略。
►It's necessary and important that one should master the skills of operating computers.掌握电脑
操作技术有必要且很重要。
(7)It+be+过去分词+that从句.say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide,
intend, plan, understand, know, demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend等动
词的过去分词常用于此句型。
►It is reported that another satellite has been in orbit. 据报道又一颗人造卫星已经进入轨道了。
_______ is believed that Beijing opera gradually came into being after 1790 when the four
famous Anhui opera troupes(表演团) came to Beijing.
【解析】 句意:人们认为京剧是在1790年著名的四大安徽剧团来到北京后逐渐形成的。
分析句子结构可知,此处是"It+be+过去分词+that从句"句型,故填It。
【 特 别 提 醒 】 在 "It's suggested/advised/ ordered/ requested/ insisted( 坚 决 要
求)/required/demanded+that 从句"中,从句要用虚拟语气,即从句谓语要用"should+动词原
形",should可省略。
►It is suggested that the patient (should) be operated on at once.建议立刻给病人动手术。
(8)It makes no difference/doesn't matter+主语从句.
►It makes no difference to me whether you go or not.你去或不去对我来说无所谓。
(9)It seems/appears/happens+that从句.
►It seemed that she had made some mistakes in the design of the machine.她好像在机器的设计
上出了一些错误。
2.it作形式宾语
(1)当宾语是动词-ing、动词不定式或that从句,且其后有宾语补足语时,为了保持句子结构的
平衡,通常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语置于句末。常用结构是:find/feel/think/believe/
consider/make等+it+宾
补+动词-ing/动词不定式/that从句。
►I feel it hard to climb the mountain.我感觉爬这座山很困难。
►We find it useless waiting here all the time.我们发现在这里一直等着没有用。
This special strain of rice makes _______ possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same
field.
【解析】 句意:这种特殊品种的水稻能够使同一块地里多产出20%的产量。分析句子结
构可知,本句真正的宾语是不定式短语,possible为宾语补足语,因此本空用代词it作形式宾语。
【突破攻略】 为了方便记忆it 作形式宾语的结构,我们可称其为"6123结构":
6 指常用的动词:think, consider, believe, find, make, feel;1 指的是形式宾语 it;
2 指的是宾补的两种形式:形容词或名词;
3 指的是真正的宾语的三种形式:动词-ing、不定式或that从句。
(2)某些及物动词(短语)后不能直接跟从句。此时应先用it作形式宾语,然后接宾语从句。常
用结构是:hate/like/appreciate/depend on
等+it+从句。
►I would appreciate it if you paid in cash. 假如你支付现金的话,我会不胜感激。
►You may depend on it that all the goods will be shipped abroad in time.你可以相信所有的货物
都会及时用船运到国外。
3.it构成强调句(It is/was…that/who…)
►It was I that/who told him about it.是我告诉他这件事的。
(it构成强调句型的具体用法详见"强调句型")
4.it的特殊用法
(1)it指天气、时间、环境、距离等
►It is a lovely day today, isn't it? 今天是个好天气,不是吗?
►It was nearly midnight when she came back.她回来时已经快半夜了。
►It was very quiet in the cafe.咖啡馆里很安静。
►It is half an hour's walk to the city centre.到市中心需要步行半小时。
(2)含有it的固定结构
as it is事实上 as sb. puts it 正如某人所说
It depends.视情况而定。 Don't mention it.不客气。
Take it easy.别紧张。 believe it or not 信不信由你
see to it that…确保…… make it 成功,做到
mean it说话算数 can't help it无能为力
call it a day到此为止 go for it 大胆试一试
take it for granted that…认为……是理所当然的
(3)it可以用来替代整个句子或句中谓语部分所表示的意思。
►Mrs. Anderson is already past fifty, but she doesn't look it.安德逊夫人已经年过五十,可是看上
去不像。
难点2 it构成的几个易混淆的句型
1.It+be+时间段+since引导的状语从句
该句型表示"自……以来已多久了"。表示现在的情况时,主句多用一般现在时或现在完成时,
从句多用一般过去时;表示过去的情况时,主句用一般过去时,从句用过去完成时。
►It is three years since his father passed away.自他父亲去世以来已经三年了。
►It was 10 years since they had married.自他们结婚以来已经十年了。
2.It+be+时间段+before引导的状语从句该句型中的"时间段"一般为some time,…years,…months,…weeks,
…days, …hours, …minutes等。主句可用一般过去时或一般将来时(will be):若主句用一般
过去时,before从句用一般过去时;若主句用一般将来时,before从句常用一般现在时。
►It was some time before I knew the truth.过了一段时间我才了解到真相。
►It will be many years before the situation improves.这种状况要过许多年才能得到改善。
3.It+be+时间点+when引导的状语从句
该句型中, it 指时间,而且表示时间点的词语前没有介词(时间一般为具
体时间)。主句的谓语动词和从句的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的,但若主句用将来时,从
句常用一般现在时代替将来时。
►It was already 8 o'clock when we got home.我们到家时已经8点了。
►It will be next morning when we finish our work.我们结束工作时将是第二天早晨。
4.It+be+(high/about)time+that引导的从句
该句型表示"是做……的时候了",其中that可以省略。从句要用虚拟语气,即从句的谓语动
词用过去式(be动词用were)或"should+动词原形", should不可省略。
►It is high time (that) she called her mother. 她该给她妈妈打个电话了。
5.It+be+the first/second/third…time+that引导的从句
该句型表示"这/那是某人第几次做某事",其中that可以省略。主句中be动词是is时,从句要
用现在完成时;主句中be动词是was时,从句相应地要用过去完成时。
►It was the fifth time (that) he had paid a friendly visit to Africa.这是他第五次到非洲进行友好
访问。
—Do you know our town well?
—No, it is the first time I _______ (come) here.
【解析】 句意:——你对我们镇熟悉吗?——不熟悉,这是我第一次来这儿。此处考查"It
is/was the first time (that)…"句型。主句用的是一般现在时,故从句用现在完成时。故填have
come。
难点3 部分否定与全部否定
1.no one, none, nobody, nothing以及"no+名词"等都表示全部否定。
►None of us was going to the party.我们当中没人打算去参加那个聚会。
2.当not与不定代词all, both, everyone, everybody, everything等或"every+名词"连用时,不管
not在它们之前还是之后,都表示部分否定。此外,not与总括性副词(如everywhere, always,
wholly, altogether等)连用时也表示部分否定。
►Not all of them smoke.=All of them don't smoke.他们当中不是所有人都抽烟。
►Such a thing can't be found everywhere.这种事并非随处见。
五、考法解题能力提升考法1 考查人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
命题透视 高考考查代词时通常从人称代词、物主代词或反身代词上命题。语法填空中给
出代词的主格,考查其宾格形式、物主代词或反身代词。
方法点拨 结合语境和句子结构,判断出设空处在句中所作的成分。语法填空中,通常括号
里给出的是代词的主格,把其宾格形式、物主代词形式和反身代词形式都一一列出,判断哪种
形式最符合语境和句子结构。
Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to _______ (I) the two simple words"Be
yourself".
【解析】 根据句意并分析句子结构可知,介词to的宾语与句子的主语为同一个人,故用反
身代词作宾语。whisper to oneself意为"轻声对自己说"。再由提示词I可知此处填myself。
【考法总结】 考生在做此类题时,要注意分析代词在句中所作的成分(本题中作介词宾语),
进而判断填代词的何种形式(当主语与宾语同指一人时,宾语用反身代词)。
考法2 考查it
命题透视 高考对it的考查可能会从以下角度命题:
1. it作替代词。通常考查it指代上文提到过的具体事件或上文提到的同一事物。
考点3
2. it作形式主语和形式宾语。
难点1
方法点拨 做考查代词it的题时需掌握以下两点:
1.结合上下文语境,判定此处是否可以用it指代;
2.熟记it用于强调句型、it作形式主语和形式宾语的常用句型,分析句子结构,确定it在此是
否合适。
However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than
25,000 people were using _______ every day.
【解析】 根据上文的"the railway"可知,此处用it代替the railway。句意:然而,(地下客运)
铁路很快就被证明是很成功的,并且在(接下来的)六个月内,每天有超过2.5万人使用它。故
填it。
【考法总结】 were using后面缺少宾语,且此处指代的是前面提到的the railway,为避免重
复,用it来代替。
六、精选考点题型专练
1. To everyone’s surprise, their plan is exactly the same as ________.
A. ours B. we C. our D. us
2. I’m sorry I took your card by mistake, but where is _______?A. hers B. theirs C. yours D. mine
3. Don’t worry about your daughter, she can look after ______ well.
A. herself B. hers C. her. D. she
4. My sister and I have different cups. The white cup is _______, and the pink one is hers.
A. my B. mine C. me D. myself
5. —I like the coat but not the color. Have you got _____one?
—Yes, I’ll show you.
A. other B. others C. the other D. another
6. The program, Everlasting Classics, encourages ______ to read more Classics.
A. we B. us C. our D. ours
7.—What did your sister buy for your mother on Mother’s Day?
—___________. She made a card for her.
A. Nothing B. Something C. Anything D. Everything
8. —Are those _____ keys, Jack?
—No, they aren’t. They’re Uncle ______.
A. yours; Sam’s B. your, Sam C. your, Sam’s D. yours; Sam
9. We all think ______ quite necessary to stop school bullying (校园欺凌).
A. it B. her C. that D. this
10.Foreigners often use body languages to show ________feelings.
A. they B. their C. theirs
11. The sports meeting will be held in September, but ______ knows the date for sure.
A.nobody B. nothing C. anybody D. anything
12.—Excuse me, I want some books, but I can’t find a bookstore here.
—I know ______ on my way home.Come with me, please.
A.one B.this C.it D.that
13. Brown draws a picture of the criminal, and the police put _______ on the Internet to find him.
A. him B. her C. it
14. The baby is too young. Don’t leave her at home by _________.
A. she B. her C. hers D. herself
15. Tom is my best friend. I often play basketball with _____.
A. he B. his C. him D. himself
16. Last month the students in Changjiang Road Primary School held the “Ten Years of Growth
Ceremony” to celebrate _____ 10th birthday together.
A. they B. their C. them D. theirs
17. —Uncle Lee, may I use your bike?
—Sorry, mine is broken. You can ask your aunt for _____.
A. mine B. his C. hers
18. —Can you kick the ball to ________ end of the football field?—It’s hard for me. I think few goalkeepers can make it.
A. another B. the other C. other
19. Sam finds sweeping robots useful, and he plans to buy ________for his grandma.
A. it B. one C. this D. that
20. Could you stay a little longer? I have ______ more to tell you about the plan for tomorrow.
A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing
21.—Is there________ in today’s morning news on CCTV-1?
—Yes, France Team beat Korea Team by 4:0 in the 8th FIFA Women’s World Cup in France
________ June 8, 2019.
A. anything special, on B. something special, in
C. special something, on D. anything special, in
22.—Whose card is this?
—It is __________. My brother Tom gave it to me on my birthday.
A. my B. hers C. ours D. mine
23.—I tried several ways to work out the math problem, but _______ of them worked.
—Never give up. I believe you’ll make it.
A. all B. each C. none D. neither
24. —Jeff, is this ________ notebook?
— No, it’s not _________. Maybe it’s Mary’s.
A. your, my B. your, mine C. yours, me
25. —Which is Mary’s dictionary?
—This one is ________. That one is _________.
A. hers, mine B. her, mine C. hers, my D. her, me
26. —May I help you with some jeans, sir?
—Yes, I’d like to try on those blue _______.
A. one B. pair C. two D. ones
27.—Do you like rock music or light music?
—______ . I like pop music.
A. Both B. None C. Neither D. Either
28. —Which singer do you like, Zhang Liangying or Zhou Bichang?
—______. I love their songs very much.
A. All B. Neither C. Both
29. —Is that your watch, Mike?
— No, it isn’t. _______ is on the table.
A. I B. Me C. Mine
30. —They won the basketball match yesterday.
—Great! We are so proud of ______.
A. they B. them C. their D. theirs31. My brother has lost his watch. Now he is looking for ______.
A. one B. this C. that D. it
32. — When would you like to go swimming with me, this Friday or this Saturday?
— _________. I am free only this Sunday.
A. None B. Both C. Either D. Neither
33. —I don’t have enough money for the T-shirt.
—Don’t worry. I can lend _____ to you.
A. any B. some C. many
34.Look！The woman over there is our teacher. She teaches _______ English.
A. us B. them C. her D. him
35. Look! The boys are making the model boat by _______.
A. himself B. themselves C. ourselves D. yourselves
36. of the couple likes playing the instruments. But of them can play the
violin well.
A. Either; both B. Both; either C. Either; neither
37. Class, please teach _____ the article we will learn tomorrow.
A. yourselves B. yourself C. ourselves
38.（2021 江西赣州十六校期中联考,61）Here, there is a lake island famous for
______(it)cherry blossoms.
39.（2021湖南五市十校联考,58）Jupiter’s mass is more than twice than of all the
other planets in the solar system combined.
40.（2021河北衡水中学期中,62）Because of traffic jams, can be difficult to travel
across major Chinese cities.
41.（2021河南洛阳统考,69）The panda’s 38th birthday is a big encouragement for those who
devote (they) to protecting those precious species.
42.（2021江苏南京学情调研,62）I’d like to make an apology for laughing at you, and I want to
give something to you to make up.
43.（2021湖北六校联考,44） is believed that washing jeans less often could help
reduce the pollution effectively.
44.（2021广东新高考适应性测试, 65）You give (you) no choice but to learn it and
every reason to learn it well!
45.（2020广东六校联考,66）Compared with other major types of tea, it distinguishes itself by
(it) refreshingly sweet taste and beautiful silver-needle-like shape, thus enjoying great popularity
among tea drinks.
46.（2020广东惠州高三第二次调研,62）It all came from an experience with (he)
mother when he was about two years old.
47.（2020江西南昌重点中学高三段考,69）And improved body condition makes easy
for you to carry out daily tasks.48.（2020 黑龙江哈尔滨第六中学期中,83）Today, China is blessed with spirited people,
breathtaking development, a harmonious society and upraised international authority, making
_______the focus, the wonder and the envy of the world.
49.（2016乙卷(全国Ⅰ),68）On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had
been rejected by (it) mother.
50.（2015新课标全国Ⅰ,63）...I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with (it) choking
smog.
51.（2015 浙江,12）How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV
program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?
语法填空（代词）
The Song Dynasty was an exciting period in Chinese history. At the height of 1 (it)
power, the country’s population doubled. The fast growing economy and strong support 2
the rulers helped the development of technology and the expansion of knowledge. During this
period, a huge number of technological innovations emerged. Many of them had significant
practical 3 (apply).
One particular invention from this period made a mark on the world: movable-type printing (活字
印刷) — that is, individual blocks that could each print a single character and then 4 (use)
again. This technology finally emerged in Europe several centuries later. The Chinese language
uses a huge number of characters, 5 most European languages use individual letters. Printing
texts made up of individual letters 6 (require) fewer blocks. This invention produced an
enormous change in 7 (write) communication in Europe and made it easier for a 8
(grow) number of people to learn to read.
The Chinese were also the first to invent the compass, 9 changed how sailors navigated the
seas. Together with star charts(星图) — another Chinese invention — and maps, the compass
made sea travel much 1 0 (safe).
