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专题 08 阅读理解之细节理解题——耐心比对
细节理解题大都比较容易，只需要认真阅读题目，细
层级一
心比对原文就能解答正确。对于这种题目，要认真解
送分题目分分得
题，确保一分不丢。
近3年高考细节理解题题量统计 考纲解读
年份
2022 2021 2020
(1)命题人会要求考生根据不同的要求
卷别
来阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息或
新高考卷Ⅰ 6 8
准确地寻求所需的细节。
新高考卷II 7 8
(2)细节理解题有时比较直接，理解字面
全国卷Ⅰ(全国乙
8 6 7 意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要
卷)
归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解
全国卷Ⅱ(全国甲
8 5 8 题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，相对
卷)
比较容易，是阅读理解的送分题。
全国卷Ⅲ 7
阅读理解的4种命题形式中， 细节理解题难度低，但占比极高， 故而成为考生从阅
读理解题中获取高分的基础。 值得注意的是， 近几年高考细节理解题的难度有所增加，
题目信息往往是原文信息的同义转述， 有时答案需要跨段寻找，需要将几个具体细节综合
起来才能得出答案。细节理解题分为点式细节理解题、网式细节理解题和数字数据题。要
掌握其解题技巧，仔细阅读，认真分析，切不可掉以轻心，确保基础题分分都要得。
命题方式 解题捷径 选项特征1.特殊疑问句形式：以when, 采用寻读法，解题分三步：
正确选项特征
where, what, which, who, how 第一步——先读题干，抓住
1．同义替换 2.信息归纳
much/many等疑问词开头引 关键词；
3．正话反说 4.原文原词
出的问题。 第二步——带着问题快速阅
干扰选项特征
2．填空题形式：通常涉及与 读短文，找出与问题有关的
1．张冠李戴 2.无中生有
主题有关的事实或细节。 词语或句子；
3．曲解文意 4.颠倒是非
3．就文中数字、事件排序等 第三步——仔细对比选项和
5．正误参半
进行设问。 原文信息，继而找出答案。
微技能一 点式细节理解题——先题后文定答案
【题型概述】
1．直接细节题
直接在原文中找到，考生一般可以通读原文中的某句话或某个词语便能得出答案，此
类题属于低层次题。
2．间接细节题
一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息，要求在理解的基础上，对原文信息进行加工或
整理后得出结论。
3．数字数据题
一般需要根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，通过计算(“加减乘除”法)，得出正确的结
论。
【解题步骤】
解答点式细节理解题，可采取“先题后文，题干定位”法，即从问题中抓关键词(题
眼)，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题干相吻合的关键词，关键段落，仔细推
敲，最后确定答案。21cnjy.com
“直接定位法”全取直接细节题
直接信息题一般能在文中直接找到明确的信息，往往只考查文章中的个别事实，通常
只涉及原文一两句话的信息。这类题目比较简单，可以利用“直接定位法”解题。om
【典例1】 (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ阅读B)
By day, Robert Titterman is a lawyer.In his spare time though he goes on stage beside
pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner.“I’m not a trained musician,but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”
24．What should Titterman be able to do to be a page turner?
A．Read music. B．Play the piano.
C．Sing songs. D．Fix the instruments.
【分析】
第一步 找关键词：Titterton be able to do to be a page turner2·1·c·n·j·y
第二步 定位到原文：根据题干中的关键词可以定位到第一段。信息句“I’ve learnt to read
music so I can hep Maria in her performance.”21com
第三步 比对选项：由此可知，提特顿是钢琴家玛丽亚的乐谱翻页者，他学会识谱是为了
可以在玛丽亚的表演中帮助她。故选A。
4种特征直取间接细节题
间接信息题一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息，要求在理解的基础上，对原文信息进行
加工或整理后得出结论。可以利用正确选项的4种特征确定答案。
【典例2】 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ阅读D)
Dr.Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines.They
made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish.“We were so amazed that they could
stay underwater much longer than us local islanders，” Dr.Jubilado said.“I could see them
actually walking under the sea.”
34．Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?【出处：】
A．They could walk on stilts all day.
B．They had a superb way of fishing.
C．They could stay long underwater.
D．They lived on both land and water.
【分析】
第一步 找关键词：astonished
第二步 定位到原文：利用同义词复现确定答案，由关键词astonished定位文中的“We
were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders”为信息句，
astonished与amazed为同义词。
第三步 比对选项：年轻的Jubilado对巴瑶族人惊讶不已的地方在于他们可以在水下待很
长时间。故选C。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
2法破解数字数据题数字数据题主要考查两种情况：一种是数字定位题，可运用“直接搜索法”解题，即
直接找到原文中的数字信息，然后匹配选项即可找到答案，这种类似于直接信息题。还有
一种是数字计算题，可运用“加减乘除法”解题，即在原文中找到相关的数字信息后，再
对相关的数字和信息进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行简单计算，最
终确定答案。
【典题3】 (全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)
At present, the world has about 6，800 languages.The distribution of these languages is
hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by
many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only
around 200 languages; the Americas about 1，000; Africa 2，400；and Asia and the Pacific
perhaps 3，200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median
number(中位数)of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the world’s languages are
spoken by fewer people than that.
30．How many languages are spoken by less than 6，000 people at present?
A．About 6，800. B．About 3，400.
C．About 2，400. D．About 1，200.
【分析】
第一步 找关键词：How many languages
第二步 定位到原文：通过题干的less than 6，000 people at present可定位文章中的倒数第
二段
第三步 比对选项：由第一句可知世界上目前共有大约6 800种语言，又由最后一句“世
界语言的一半，不到6千人讲”，由此可知，不到6千人讲的语言只有6 800的一半，即3
400种。故选B。
【典题4】 (2020·新高考卷Ⅰ阅读A)
3 Grand Pri zes ： Tr ip to Washington，D.C.for each of three winners, a parent and one
other person of the winner’s choice.Trip includes round－trip air tickets，hotel stay for two
nights，and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic
World.
21．How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip?
A．Two. B．Three.
C．Four. D．Six.
【分析】
第一步 找关键词：How many people
第二步 定位到原文：第二段中 “ Trip to Washington，D.C.for each of three winners，a
parent and one other person of the winner’s choice.”可直接得出答案。
第三步 比对选项：由此可知，特等奖获得者可以带两个人(父母中的一人，另外获奖者自
选1人，共2人)。故选A。微技能二 网式细节理解题——不厌其烦找答案
【题型概述】
网式细节理解题要根据原文中的多处信息才能得出答案。因此在解答该类题目时一定
要不厌其烦，题目涉及的多处细节要一一找出，并对选项和原文进行一一比对，做到万无
一失。近几年高考网式细节理解题考查的较少，主要考查以下几个方面：
1．正误判断题(3错1对或者3对1错)；
2．常规多细节理解题。
【解题步骤】
命题人往往对网式细节理解题加以修饰和掩盖，这就需要考生要根据原文中的多处信
息才能得出答案。对于网式细节理解题，考生可采取“全面甄别法”：
第一步：仔细阅读题干， 抓取关键信息；
第二步：根据关键信息， 找到文章中相应的具体信息；
第三步：涉及的具体信息点可能不是单一的， 这时考生需要综合多个信息点并仔细甄别，
全面思考， 综合考虑得出答案。
3步搞定正误判断题
对于正误判断题，一定要沉着应对，各个击破。逐个选项进行排查，且不可急躁或者盲目
自信。要认真分析，仔细比对。
【典例5】 (浙江卷阅读A)
The children sat stunned and silent.Was this a teacher talking? One girl, who had just come
to us from a school where she had had a very hard time, looked at me steadily for a long time after
I had finished.Then, still looking at me, she said slowly and seriously, “Mr.Holt, do you really
mean that？”I said just as seriously，“I mean every word of it.”21·世纪*教育网
During the spring she really astonished me.One day, she was reading at her desk.From a glimpse
of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was.I said to myself, “It can’t be，” and went
to take a closer look.Sure enough, she was reading Moby Dick, in the edition with woodcuts.I
said, “Don’t you find parts of it rather heavy going？” She answered, “Oh, sure, but I just skip
over those parts and go on to the next good part.”
44．Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage?
A．She skipped over those easy parts while reading.
B．She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.
C．She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books.
D．She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school.【分析】
第一步 分析选项：标出选项重要信息词。
第二步 确定目标选项：根据选项重要信息词定位到文中第二段中的“I said，‘Don’t you
find parts of it...the next good part.’”确定目标选项A和C。B和D项未提及。21
第三步 逐一对照：虽然女孩读的书有些部分有难度，但是女孩在阅读时，会跳过那些晦
涩难懂的部分，选择容易理解的部分来阅读。故选C。
耐心敲定多细节理解题
对于一般的多细节理解题，虽然不像正误判断题一样逐个选项与原文排查，但这类题
目的答案也是综合原文多个信息得出的，因此也要不厌其烦，认真分析，方能得出正确答
案。
【典例6】 (2021·全国乙卷阅读A)
All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world
sport.2-1-c-n-j-y
·Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang, D．P.R.Korea.Capacity: 150，000.Opened：
May 1，1989.原创作品
·Michigan Stad ium, A nn Arbor, Michigan, U．S.Capacity: 107，601.Opened：October 1,
1927.
·Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U．S.Capacity：106，572.Opened：
September 17，1960.
·Ohio Stadiu m, Col umbus, Ohio, U．S.Capacity：104，944.Opened：October 7, 1922.
·Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, U．S.Capacity：102，512.Opened：September 24，1927.
22．Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest?
A．Michigan Stadium. B．Beaver Stadium.
C．Ohio Stadium. D．Kyle Field.
【分析】
第一步 分析题干：题干问的是哪个体育场最古老，应定位至文章最后一部分对各个体育
场的介绍。
第二步 一一比对信息源：根据该部分的内容可知，四个选项中的体育场分别于1927年、
1960年、1922年、1927年开放。
第三步 综合概括：最古老的体育场为Ohio Stadium。故选C。精做高考真题
Passage 1、（2022·浙江·高考真题）
All around the world, there are small changes taking place. At the side of roads, behind
school playgrounds and on all kinds of unloved pieces of land across towns and cities, tiny forests
barely the size of tennis courts are appearing, making a great place for both wildlife and local
people who may not normally have easy access to nature. This is the Tiny Forest movement,
which aims to prove that the best things in life really do come in small packages.
Tiny forests were first pioneered as a concept in the 1970s by Dr Miyawaki, a Japanese
botanist. As he went on to share his concept with others, the idea soon took off in India and other
countries before eventually reaching Europe, where it became popular in places like France,
Belgium and the Netherlands.
So how does it work? Louise Hartley, who is leading the Tiny Forest project in the UK,
explains that the process begins by identifying areas in which a tiny forest could have the biggest
influence. “We focus on urban areas where access to nature is often not that easy”, says Hartley.
“We see it as a chance to try to break the growing disconnect between people and nature.”
In a Tiny Forest, there must be a minimum of 600 trees, and the trees are planted much closer
together and without chemicals or fertilisers (肥料). There are usually around 30 different kinds of
all-native tree species (物种). This variety, coupled with the fact that tiny forests grow up to ten
times faster than standard forests, means they attract a rich abundance of wildlife. It’s also thought
that these places could help reduce the risk of flooding, remove carbon from the atmosphere and
fight climate change, as well as improving the mental health of those living locally.
What is special about the trees in a Tiny Forest?
A．They are small in size. B．They are thickly planted.
C．They are foreign species. D．They are heavily fertilised.
Passage 2、（2022·北京·高考真题）
Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending
me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face
as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer
scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is
physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big
tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to
Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turnclimate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson.
He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote,
“is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead
investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If
researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and
anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But
something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests,
perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And
that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my
questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns
about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to
building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not
have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I
have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor
claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in
quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.
What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?
A．His dominance in physics. B．The competition in the field.
C．His confidence in PyQuantum. D．The investment of tech companies.
Passage 3、（2021·全国·高考甲卷）
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of
a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the
40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the
new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we’re all absolutely
delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She’s healthy, strong and already
eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job.
It’s still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I
have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too
early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild.
The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and
weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve
and still live there.According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low
as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
1．What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino?
A．She loves staying with her mother. B．She dislikes outdoor activities.
C．She is in good condition D．She is sensitive to heat.
2．What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have?
A．They had their first born in January. B．They enjoyed exploring new places
C．They lived with their grandmothers. D．They were brought to the reserve young
Passage 4（2021·全国新高考I卷）
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands
were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these
precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who
followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl
(水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.
Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly
reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly
concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the
wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over
must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was
designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time
was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.
Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird
Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National
Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all
generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to
purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has
been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?
A．Loss of wetlands. B．Popularity of water sports.
C．Pollution of rivers. D．Arrival of other wild animals.
Passage 5 （2021·全国·高考乙卷）
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about
often. Annoyed by the level of distraction (干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a
membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus”. His comment struck me
as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I
recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of
creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise
levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels (分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels.
The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the
participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise similar to background
chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were
small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total
silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right
level of background noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s
creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of
thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus.
This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we
can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus.
Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative
process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also
providing freedom from interruptions.
1．Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?
A．It helps him concentrate. B．It blocks out background noise.
C．It has a pleasant atmosphere. D．It encourages face-to-face interactions.
2．Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
A．Total silence. B．50 decibels C．70 decibels. D．85 decibels.
3．What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A．Personal privacy unprotected. B．Limited working space.
C．Restrictions on group discussion. D．Constant interruptions.
挑战名校考题
Passage 1、（2022·河北衡水中学模拟预测）
Crowing up in a village in eastern Nepal’s Bhojpur Mountains, Mira Rai had dreams that
went far beyond the traditional expectations for Nepali women. The eldest daughter of five
children, she was expected to fetch water, tend crops and livestock, and help out at home. By age
12, she no longer regularly attended school, and instead carried heavy bags of rice up and down
steep trails — often barefoot — to trade at the market. It was hard work, but great training for a
future trail runner.
“As a girl,” Rai recalls, “I would constantly be told to know my place, lower my voice, and
act in a certain manner. For me, breaking free from these traditions itself was a big dream.”
Several years ago, Rai’s dream became reality. She was running outside Kathmandu when
two male trail runners invited her to enter her first trail race, the Kathmandu West Valley Rim50K. She had never run 50 kilometers before, had no special equipment or training for such a
distance, and was also the only woman in the competition. But despite all difficulties, she beat
everyone — even the men. From there, a community of runners came together to give her a
chance to compete in international trail running competitions.
Today, the running world recognizes Rai as a high-altitude trail racing talent. Now she is on a
mission to help both women and men of Nepal through sports. Rai believes her work to empower
others has just begun. “We have realized that Nepal has tremendous potential to develop
competitive athletes,” she says. Rai is blazing a trail, not just in terms of being able to speak
nationally on gender equality, but also by getting young people into running.
What can we learn about Mira Rai?
A．She won her first victory easily. B．She gave up chasing her dream.
C．She dropped out of school at 12. D．She benefited from her early life.
Passage 2、（2022·河北·石家庄二中模拟预测）
It was dark as Ibrahim Al Hussein came to. He couldn’t move and thick dust filled the air,
blocking out all but a few small flames dancing close by. It was hard to breathe. Something wasn’t
right and he could not feel his foot. As the smoke of the bombing cleared Al Hussein was saved
but lost his lower right leg forever.
After several twists and turns, Al Hussein managed to escape from war-torn Syria to Athens,
Greece. With no money left on him, he had to sleep on the streets and look for fruit in trees or eat
grass from the park. Luckily, he later found work cleaning toilets at a local cafe. He worked every
day of the week with no breaks and was proud to be supporting himself. But he was missing
something — sport.
Al Hussein used to be a sportsman. As war broke out in Syria in 2011, all sports stadiums
were forced to close, but now settled and safe in Athens, he was desperate to return to physical
activity. In May, 2015, his prayers were answered. A swimming club gave him permission to train
there.
“When I looked at the address I realised it was the Athens Aquatics Centre,” says Al Hussein,
who, at the age of 16, had watched the 2004 Olympics unfold on a small TV in his cosy Syrian
home. “Seeing those Olympics gave me motivation to do sport and although it was a flashback to
the past, it was also a look to a better future because I had made it to the pool I’d watched and
dreamt of swimming in.”
For much of 2015 he swam in the morning and then worked at the cafe until late in the
evening. It was tough, but it worked for him and, in early 2016, he secured two medals at the
Greek Para Swimming National Championships. People began to take note.
What caused Al Hussein to lose his lower right leg?
A．A war. B．A fire. C．An illness. D．An accident.
Passage 3、（2022·河北省唐县第一中学一模）In 2010, Barack Obama was to pay a visit to Mumbai’s Gandhi Museum, where palm(棕
榈)trees full of me dotted the grounds. The president knew me well-coconuts (椰子)are a part of
life in Indonesia, where he spent his boyhood. Before his visit, Indian authorities, however,
removed every last sign of me around the museum. They were afraid the president of the United
States would be taken out by one of me falling on his head.
Let’s get this out of the way: My reputation as the “killer fruit” of countless innocents was
then and still is a misbelief. A repeatedly misinterpreted 1984 study overstated the number of
deaths I caused by hitting people on the head, and the word spread. Today, the only things about
me “to die for” are the sometimes too-delicious foods you humans make with me, such as cookies
and pies. A decade ago, health experts briefly gave me a halo because some of my fats may raise
beneficial cholesterol (胆固醇). But ask a heart doctor today and they’ll tell you that coconut oil
will raise your bad cholesterol as much. Death by coconut, indeed!
People have other wrong ideas about me. But allow me to leave you with a sweet presidential
tale. A World War II boat commanded by one John F.Kennedy was destroyed in 1943 by a
Japanese warship. Kennedy and his surviving crew were stuck on an island. They were suffering
from hunger, thirst and injuries when they met two friendly native coast-watchers. Kennedy
scratched a message into a coconut shell: “NAURO ISL...COMMANDER...11 ALIVE...NEED
SMALL BOAT...KENNEDY.”
The coast-watchers delivered this successfully and all the crew were saved. Years later, the
coconut shell was given to the newly elected president. It sat on his office desk throughout his
presidency and now is a center-piece of the John F.Kennedy Library in Boston-as the proof that
we coconuts don’t take lives, we save them.
Why did Indian officials get rid of “me”?
A．To reduce Obama’s fear. B．To avoid unexpected injuries.
C．To show their welcome tradition. D．To follow the request from the US.
Passage 4、（2022·江苏·南京市第一中学一模）
Lately, my 90-year-old mother has been sleepier and sleepier. This is very strange and
worrying. At the same time, my 92-year-old father has been suffering his own health problems. It
is a terrible thing to see my father struggle to get my mother to talk, say something, when she
doesn’t have the energy.
The other day, I recalled how my mother used to visit a woman named Mrs. Demopolis, a
Greek immigrant, who made the best baklava(果仁蜜饼) in the world! She gave lessons on baking
it to my mother. Also, my mother often baked baklava at home. As I spoke of this over the phone,
my silent mother perked up and said how much she’d like to have one again.
Now, they live in Florida and I live in Wales, UK, so I can’t go and bring her some baklava
or even make some in her kitchen. But what I did suggest was that my father could buy some
baklava at a Greek restaurant and I could do the same, and wouldn’t it be fun to eat our baklava atexactly the same time and so, be together sharing the moment and the pleasure? My parents loved
the idea and we decided to do it.
Two days later we both had our baklava and shared the experience. It meant a lot to my
parents, and to me, to do this. My mother said she wanted to do this again, maybe with another
food or even baklava again! Why not? And as she only keeps losing weight instead of gaining, it
is good for her to find foods that appeal to her appetite . It is becoming harder to find ways to
communicate over the phone, but this is at least a very good way to do so.
1．Why does the author feel worried?
A．Her mother can’t walk by herself. B．Her mother is becoming less active.
C．Her father has to get her mother to talk. D．Her mother refuses to talk with her father.
2．What did the author suggest to please her mother?
A．They should enjoy the same food at the same time.
B．The author should buy some baklava for her mother.
C．Her mother should make some baklava in her kitchen.
D．Her family should get together to look after her mother.
Passage 5 、（2022·浙江·镇海中学三模）
English is the international language of science, but most of the world's scientists speak it as
a second language. We shoulder an extra career challenge: Not only must we gain a command of
science, but we must also be able to write in a foreign language to communicate that science.
My mother tongue is Hebrew. Fm now a researcher at Monash University. There are six
people on my research team, five of whom are non-native English speakers. Writing highly
technical English is crucial to our science. Our topics embrace cell biology, materials science and
chemistry, so our writings must make sense to both non-experts and experts.
To be frank, English is suitable as an international language in a number of ways. On the
surface, it’s easy enough to convey basic meanings when conducting trade, business and tourism,
as well as on social media. In most contexts, it doesn't matter if you misuse “the” or "-ing,” or get
the word order wrong. Although the spelling is chaotic, once you get a feel for the typical patterns,
it’s not too hard.
However, when meanings are complex and technical, precision is a must. Then, English
becomes a difficult beast to wrestle with.
The Australian poet Clive James once called English“big and baggy." I can't disagree. The
vocabulary is large. Furthermore, the grammar is extraordinarily flexible, leaving us often
confusing. There lies the problem: Such rich language makes it easy to produce long writings of
questionable quality.
Worse still, we outsiders ta English are likely to have been taught to use complicated wording
and long sentences to show our authority on a topic. However, English is the opposite: The
language is at its most elegant when plain and simple. But simplicity is hard in English!Another shock to me was the importance English speakers place on front-ending their
messages. In many languages, you might expect readers to stay with the text throughout. In
English, however, I’ve developed healthy fear that my readers will skim-read unless I state the
essence at the opening of a paragraph, then walk backwards while explaining it.
1．Why is English suitable as an international language?
A．It can be easily used to get basic meanings across.
B．It has relatively simple grammar and spelling rules.
C．It is spoken by the majority of the world’s population.
D．Its huge vocabulary helps express complex meanings.
2．The challenge scientists have as non-native speakers is ___________.
A．how to convey complex and technical meanings precisely in English
B．how to produce professional writings in complicated English
C．how to establish their authority in the field of science in English writing.
D．how to make scientific writings in English accessible to authorities.
Passage 6、（2022·福建·三明一中模拟预测）
Cody Simmons lived alone with his grandpa and the two of them had a very special
relationship. Cody’s grandpa encouraged him to pursue football but also made it very clear that he
would not have to if he did not want to.
Cody was the smallest in the class and was considered too short. Therefore, everyone was
sure Cody could never make the cut when he decided to try out for the school football team. But
he did! His grandpa shared his excitement. Though Cody was always on the bench, his grandpa
never missed a match.
Cody was determined to give his best at every practice, hoping that he would at least get to
play one day. In his free time, Cody would repeatedly watch videos of international football
matches to learn skills. Besides, he always asked for extra tips from his coach.
This quiet and persistent (坚持不懈的) young athlete never missed a practice but never got to
play in a single match. The coach kept Cody on the roster (名册) because he always put his heart
and soul into every practice, and at the same time, encouraged the other members.
One day, at the end of the senior football season, Cody’s grandpa passed away. Cody was
very sad. He said to the coach, “Is it alright if I miss the practice today?” The coach said gently,
“Take the rest of the week off, son. Please do not come back for the finals on Saturday.”
Soon, it was Saturday, and the match was not going well. Then, Cody appeared. He asked the
coach to let him play, but the coach pretended not to hear him. There was no way he wanted his
worst player in this important match. But the young man persisted, and finally, feeling sorry for
Cody, the coach gave in.
Before long, everyone in the stands was shocked because Cody was doing everything right.
The opposing team could not stop him. He ran, passed, and tackled like a star. In the closing
seconds of the match, Cody ran all the way for the winning touchdown and succeeded.How did the coach deal with Cody’s request during the match on Saturday?
A．He refused it clearly. B．He ignored it at first.
C．He let him play excitedly. D．He praised him for his bravery.
Passage 7、（2022·山东省实验中学模拟预测）
Today, after 10 days of medical treatment, for the first time, I went out alone to meet a
motherly lady who I had met during my stay in a program. She had been unwell recently and lived
alone. Her sons live in foreign countries.
After I called her and told about my plan to visit her, she started becoming excited and
planning food at once. Nowadays, she has a lady cook coming by to help her but she does part of
the work herself with her bandaged (绷带) leg.
I reached her home alone after being guided a couple of times by her before. I carried little
things (snacks, books etc.) for her. She had been waiting for some time when I arrived. We talked
about different things from health to her life and mine, from past to future, from food to travel etc.
During the discussion, her care for me became clear when she made warm suggestions or
supported me.
During the last few months, she had struggled with health and housework. She had got over
those difficulties and here she was telling me how all of us must face some problems. She had
seen a few people facing worse problems in the hospital and mentioned about their cases and was
grateful for her present condition which was manageable.
She wanted to gift me something—she kept thinking of a dress, watch, footwear etc.
whatever was new and great in her home. I kept refusing but finally took the footwear out of
politeness.
She loved the snacks I had brought and wanted to eat them with her tea, I was quite happy to
see the childlike interest.
While I was spending time with my motherly friend, the following thought kept coming back
to me—probably this is why I have lived through the 10 days in this city. The time I spent with
her seemed so much needed. I felt the deep peace it could bring to me and that brought such a big
joy!
1．How did the elderly lady feel when she heard the author’s visit?
A．Shocked. B．Pleased. C．Nervous. D．Embarrassed.
2．What can we learn about the lady from her talks with the author?
A．She was considerate and very healthy.
B．She wished the author lo live with her.
C．She showed much concern to her bandaged leg.
D．She was grateful compared with those less fortunate.
3．Why did the author accept the lady’s gift?
A．It is impolite to turn down the warm-hearted offer.B．She happened to need such shoes to wear.
C．It would be a waste to keep shoes unused.
D．She wanted to exchange gifts with her.
Passage 8、（2022·湖北·黄冈中学三模）
Dozens of sea turtles swim past as I dive. Suddenly a diver cuts me off. Then another. “Hey!”
I think. “Watch where you’re going!” Then I realize: These aren’t divers. They are sea lions! The
creatures blow bubbles at me and the group of 11 kids I’m on vocations with, hitting us slightly on
our backs. To not bother them much, we tear ourselves away from the wonderland.
We take this trip to the Galapagos Islands, a group of tropical islands crossing the equator.
Our hotel is a boat called the Eclipse that has a pool. Humans aren’t allowed to live on most of
the islands. The only way people can experience the magic of this place and meet animals on all
the islands is by “panga”. “Our small motorboat is more important than the Eclipse. It’s very
safe,” says a local guide, Fielsch. Lack of human threat makes the animals friendly. “They don’t
know enough to be scared of humans.” Our group experience that firsthand. When we return after
our diving adventure, we find sea lions lying next to our backpacks! Walking along the sand, we
see more wildlife: seals, red crabs, orcas.
The following morning, we reach Fernandina Island, known for its volcano. Flightless birds
called cormorants build nests on the rocks. Nearby are Galapagos penguins. Averaging about 19
inches in height, they’re the second smallest species of penguin in the world. “The Galapagos are
so curious,” says 12-year-old Harry. “You’ve got penguins living far from the frozen South Pole,
and birds that don’t fly!”
As we ride back, six penguins stand like soldiers, seeming to say goodbye. It’s our last day;
none of us wants to leave this place. We know this trip has been a milestone for us. A marked shift
in our attitudes towards the natural world is underway. “The Galapagos Islands seem to break the
world’s rules,” says Harry. “More than ever, I’m interested in saving the environment. These
animals truly need our care,” his sister Hannah adds.
Why is the trip considered a milestone for the author’s group?
A．It expands their knowledge of the world. B．It changes the way they think about nature.
C．It inspires them to protect the environment. D．It enables them to interact with various
wildlife.
Passage 9、（2022·湖南师大附中模拟预测）
An American teacher who helped make college education accessible to low-income,
immigrant, first-generation American, and refugee (难民) pupils has won the $1 million Global
Teacher Prize. Keishia Thorpe, an English teacher in Maryland, was selected from more than
8,000 teachers in 121 countries.
Ms. Thorpe teaches English to 12th-graders at the International High School Langley Park,
where 95 percent of pupils are from low-income families. She redesigned their courses for the
English department to make it culturally relevant to her pupils who are from mostly Africa, theMiddle East, the Caribbean, and South America. Since then, her English language learners have
shown a 40 percent increase in their reading.
Ms. Thorpe spent a lot of time encouraging her pupils to apply for college and helped them
with their applications and accessing fully-funded scholarships. She helped her senior pupils in
2018–2019 win more than $6.7 million in scholarships to 11 colleges, with most of them not
having to pay for their education.
She plans to use the prize money to give less well-off pupils an opportunity of receiving a
third level education. “Every person deserves the right to education and I want to be that person
who champions that for them. I plan to use the money to help students worldwide access higher
education,” she said. “Students are the reason I’m here, so I plan to use that to promote them and
create a better future for them.”
Organized by UNESCO and first awarded in 2015, the Global Teacher Prize is an annual
award to a teacher who has made a vast difference to the profession. The winner of this year was
announced at a virtual ceremony in Paris on November 10th, 2021.
1．How do Thorpe’s redesigned courses influence her students?
A．Students have spent more time reading. B．Students are more aware of their culture.
C．More low-income students attend school. D．More students apply for college education.
2．What can be learned about the Global Teacher Prize?
A．It devotes much to college education. B．It favors low-income immigrant teachers.
C．It targets teachers with huge contributions. D．It encourages reforms in English teaching.
Passage 10、（2022·广东·肇庆市第一中学一模）
There are several items that most women would consider to be daily essentials that they need
to have in their purses at all times. Few would consider a pair of scissors to be among these items.
But for Shi Qinling, this tool has been with her everywhere she goes for the past decade—not as a
means of self-protection but artistic expression.“Paper-cutting is not about cutting random patterns
from paper. Writers tell stories using words, I do the same,but with a pair of scissors,”Shi said.
Shi developed an interest in handicraft (手工艺)when she was a child who often found
herself alone at home. Out of boredom, she would play with paper, folding and cutting them into
different shapes. This interest later developed into a passion, one that she decided to pursue by
majoring in arts and design during her time in university. After graduation, however, she found
herself working at a ship design company as she was unsure about what she wanted to do with her
future. About a year later, the Shanghai Arts and Crafts Research Institute offered her a position in
their paper-cutting department. Realizing that she still had a love for the handicraft, she made the
career switch.
In 2010, Shi started learning paper-cutting from Xi Xiaoqin, an expert of paper-cutting. Three
years later, one of her works, The Fighting Fish, won the third place in a national competition. Six
years later,Shi was named a Shanghai paper-cutting inheritor(继承人)and became the
city’s“youngest inheritor” of the paper-cutting heritage. Over the past decade, Shi’s works havebeen exhibited in 23 exhibitions. Although Shi is already so skilled that she can create an animal
pattern in 10 minutes, she continues to practice her skills every day. The reason is that she views
paper-cutting as not just an art form, but also a form of learning about traditional Chinese culture.
She thinks she has the responsibility to inherit this cultural treasure, and will make more efforts to
attract people from different age groups and different fields to try paper-cutting.
What does paper-cutting mean to Shi Qinling?
A．A deep passion for the handicrafts. B．A tool that relieves her of boredom.
C．Cutting random patterns from paper. D．An art form of learning Chinese culture.
