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四级英语
核心语法点通关
(3)
主讲老师 刘哲
: Nathan
微博 的英语圈
: Nathan非谓语动词
难度开始加大,加油,你可以的!非谓语动词
每一个主句或从句都有一个自己的谓语动词 但可以有多个动词,这些
多出的动词必须以非谓语形式出现
如同:
一家公司 多名员工 一个
CEO
一个主句 从句 多个动词 一个谓语动词
/非谓语动词主要形式:
【语法书上细节太多,我们只提炼和四级相关的部分】
第一类:
to +v.
动词不定式,作主语或目的状语 根据句子意思判断
不定式作主语 系动词 表语
To sweep the floor is my duty every day.
不定式作目的状语 主语 【 谓语】
To win the battle , we have to carry out
宾语
some urgent measures immediately.非谓语动词主要形式:
【语法书上细节太多,我们只提炼和四级相关的部分】
第二类: 动名词
ving
将动词转化为名词使用。
【 动名词作主语 】 谓语
Having a growth mindset of interest can help
宾语 ( ) 宾补 四级阅读
job seekers to expand their interests .
拥有一种/对兴趣的增长心态/可以帮助求职者扩展他们的兴趣。非谓语动词主要形式:
【语法书上细节太多,我们只提炼和四级相关的部分】
第三类: 现在分词
ving
表主动、进行中的动作。
【 主语】
The benefits of a growth mindset of interest may also
谓语
extend to
宾语 非谓语 四级阅读
those seeking employment.
对兴趣的增长心态的好处也可能扩展到那些寻求就业的人。
" "非谓语动词主要形式:
【语法书上细节太多,我们只提炼和四级相关的部分】
第四类: 过去分词 表被动或者已完成
v :
规则动词直接加 不规则动词的变法需要单独记忆。
ed,
主语 非谓语 ,
A study led by Yale Professor of Psychology Paul
, 主句谓语 【 从句主语
O’Keefe found that having a growth mindset
(思维倾向) 】 从句谓语
of interest may spark this type of
宾语 四级阅读
innovation .
由耶鲁大学心理学教授 领导的一项研究发现,拥有对兴趣
Paul O’Keefe
的增长心态可能会激发这类创新。规则动词的过去分词 :
+ed
如 (一般现在) (一般过去) (过去分词)
publish -published -published
过去分词:表示动作完成了或者被动意义
重要补充
:
(一般过去,主动意义)
He published two papers last year.
他去年发表了 篇论文
2
(过去分词,被动意义)
His papers published last year are highly-cited
谓语
.
他去年发表的论文被广泛引用。不规则动词变位表
不规则动词变位表
原形 一般过去时 过去分词 中文意思
成为
become became become
开始
begin began begun
吹;刮风
blow blew blown
打破
break broke broken
带来
bring brought brought
建造
build built built
讲义列举的不规则动词变位表
不一一朗读,请自己多看,多记忆。练习:
一、识别以下句子中的谓语及非谓语
以下例句均来自于四级阅读真题:
1) Karraker and coauthor Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on
2,717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since
1992.
和合著者 分析了自 年以来印第安纳大学进
Karraker Kenzie Latham 1992
行的一项涉及 个婚姻、为期 年的数据分析。
2,717 20练习:
一、识别以下句子中的谓语及非谓语
以下例句均来自于四级阅读真题:
主句谓语
1) Karraker and coauthor Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years
非谓语,过去分
of data on 2,717 marriages from a study conducted
词,被动意义
by Indiana University since 1992.
和合著者 分析了自 年以来印第安纳大学进
Karraker Kenzie Latham 1992
行的一项涉及 个婚姻、为期 年的数据分析。
2,717 20练习:
一、识别以下句子中的谓语及非谓语
2) The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and
Cognition, found that the “wrong” name is not random.
这项研究发表在 月的在线期刊《记忆与认知》上,发现叫错名字并不
4
是随机的。练习:
一、识别以下句子中的谓语及非谓语
非谓语,过去分词,被动意义
2) The study, published online in April in
主句谓语
the journal Memory and Cognition, found that the “wrong”
从句谓语
name is not random .
这项研究发表在 月的在线期刊《记忆与认知》上,发现叫错名字并不
4
是随机的。练习:
一、识别以下句子中的谓语及非谓语
3) That does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing.
那并不意味着简单地延长我们的职业生涯就有吸引力。练习:
一、识别以下句子中的谓语及非谓语
主句谓语 现在分词作主语
3) That does not mean that simply extending
从句谓语
our careers is appealing .
那并不意味着简单地延长我们的职业生涯就有吸引力。练习:
一、识别以下句子中的谓语及非谓语
4) Building on these findings, the latest research examined how a growth
mindset of interest can boost integrative thinking.
在这些发现的基础上,最新的研究考察了兴趣的增长心态如何增强整
合性思维。练习:
一、识别以下句子中的谓语及非谓语
现在分词 主句
4) Building on these findings, the latest research examined
谓语,一般过去时 从句谓语
how a growth mindset of interest can boost
integrative thinking.
在这些发现的基础上,最新的研究考察了兴趣的增长心态如何增强整
合性思维。练习:
一、识别以下句子中的谓语及非谓语
谓语
5) The traditional three-stage life will evolve into multiple stages
现在分词,非谓语
containing two, three, or even more different careers.
传统的三阶段人生似乎很可能会演变为包含两个、三个或更多不同职
业的多个阶段。练习:
二、以提示动词的正确形式填空。
【为写作打基础哦】
)
1 The book, (write) by a renowned author, (suggest) that
(read) fiction can improve empathy.
这本由著名作家撰写的书表明阅读小说可以提高同理心。练习:
二、以提示动词的正确形式填空。
【为写作打基础哦】
The book, written by a renowned author, suggests that reading fiction
can improve empathy.
这本由著名作家撰写的书表明阅读小说可以提高同理心。练习:
二、以提示动词的正确形式填空。
)
2 The policy, (announce) by the government, (aim) to reduce
air pollution.
政府宣布的政策旨在减少空气污染。练习:
二、以提示动词的正确形式填空。
)
2 The policy, announced by the government, aims to reduce air
pollution.
政府宣布的政策旨在减少空气污染。练习:
二、以提示动词的正确形式填空。
)
3 The research, (fund) by the national science foundation,
(reveal) that climate change (affect) wildlife.
由国家科学基金资助的研究表明气候变化影响野生动物。练习:
二、以提示动词的正确形式填空。
)
3 The research, funded by the national science foundation, revealed
that climate change affects wildlife.
由国家科学基金资助的研究表明气候变化影响野生动物。练习:
二、以提示动词的正确形式填空。
)
4 (drive) by a passion for innovation, the tech giant (launch)
a series of cutting-edge products.
受创新热情的驱动,这家科技巨头推出了一系列尖端产品。练习:
二、以提示动词的正确形式填空。
)
4 Driven by a passion for innovation, the tech giant launched a series
of cutting-edge products.
受创新热情的驱动,这家科技巨头推出了一系列尖端产品。练习:
二、以提示动词的正确形式填空。
)
5 (aim) to reduce carbon emissions, the government
(introduce) a new tax on fossil fuels.
旨在减少碳排放,政府对化石燃料引入了新税。练习:
二、以提示动词的正确形式填空。
)
5 Aiming to reduce carbon emissions, the government introduced a
new tax on fossil fuels.
旨在减少碳排放,政府对化石燃料引入了新税。三、修改下列句子中的非谓语动词错误
)
1 Use AI to analyze data can help businesses make better decisions.
利用人工智能分析数据可以帮助企业做出更明智的决策。
)
2 Developing AI applications requiring a deep understanding of
machine learning.
开发人工智能应用需要对机器学习有深入的理解。三、修改下列句子中的非谓语动词错误
)
3 Recycling helps reduce environmental impact by reuse materials.
回收利用通过重新使用材料来减少对环境的影响。
)
4 Eco-friendly materials are used in construction to reducing
environmental impact.
环保材料被用于建筑行业,以降低对环境的影响。三、修改下列句子中的非谓语动词错误
)
5 Attending lectures and participating in discussions helps students
understanding complex.
参加讲座并参与讨论有助于学生理解复杂概念。
)
6 Lifelong learn enables individuals to adapt to changes in the job
market by continuously acquiring new skills.
终身学习使个人能够通过持续获取新技能来适应就业市场的变化。四级英语
核心语法点通关
(4)
主讲老师 刘哲
: Nathan
微博 的英语圈
: Nathan一般过去时:
过去某个时间做了什么,或者是过去的习惯。
动词变形:
v-ed
例句:
I published two papers last year.过去进行时
过去某时刻正在做什么。
动词变形:
现在分词例句:
was/were+ving
I was having a meeting when you called me last day.过去完成时
过去某时间点之前就完成了什么。
动词变形:
过去分词
had+v
例句:
(过去时间之前就掌握了)
He had mastered the language
过去时间
before he moved to the country .现在完成时
到目前为止,完成了什么。
动词变形:
过去分词
have/has+v
例句:
I have published 10 research papers in peer-reviewed journals.
没有过去时间之前,就是表达到目前为止已经做了。
.现在进行时
现在正在做什么。
动词变形:
现在分词
am/is/are+v-ing
例句:
I am reading a research paper.一般现在时
习惯、常态做什么。
动词变形: 例句:
v.
I read research papers every day.
She reads research papers every day.
主语第三人称且是单数,动词 第三人称单数)
+s(一般将来时
将来某时间做什么。
动词变形:
will+v
例句:
I will conduct a new study next month.练习:
一、以所给动词的正确时态填空。
1)Students ____ (attend) classes regularly to improve their
academic performance.
学生们定期上课以提高他们的学术表现。练习:
一、以所给动词的正确时态填空。
1)Students attend (attend) classes regularly to improve their
academic performance.
学生们定期上课以提高他们的学术表现。练习:
一、以所给动词的正确时态填空。
2)Parents encourage (encourage) their children to develop good
普通道理都是一般现在时态
study habits since childhood.
父母从小就鼓励孩子们培养良好的学习习惯。练习:
一、以所给动词的正确时态填空。
3)Universities ____ (offer) a variety of courses to meet the
diverse needs of students.
大学提供多种课程以满足学生的不同需求。练习:
一、以所给动词的正确时态填空。
3)Universities offer (offer) a variety of courses to meet the
diverse needs of students.
大学提供多种课程以满足学生的不同需求。练习:
一、以所给动词的正确时态填空。
4)The library ____ (expand) its collection of academic
resources every year.
图书馆每年都会扩充其学术资源的收藏。练习:
一、以所给动词的正确时态填空。
4)The library expand (expand) its collection of academic
resources every year.
图书馆每年都会扩充其学术资源的收藏。练习:
一、以所给动词的正确时态填空。
5)Teachers ____ (emphasize) the importance of critical
thinking in their lessons.
老师们在课程中强调批判性思维的重要性。练习:
一、以所给动词的正确时态填空。
5)Teachers emphasize (emphasize) the importance of critical
thinking in their lessons.
老师们在课程中强调批判性思维的重要性。练习:
一、以所给动词的正确时态填空。
6)Many countries ____ (implement) strict policies to reduce
carbon emissions.
许多国家已经实施了严格的政策来减少碳排放。练习:
一、以所给动词的正确时态填空。
6)Many countries have implemented (implement) strict
policies to reduce carbon emissions.
许多国家已经实施了严格的政策来减少碳排放。练习:
一、以所给动词的正确时态填空。
7)AI ____ (revolution) the way we approach environmental
monitoring and conservation.
人工智能已经彻底改变了我们进行环境监测和保护的方
式。练习:
一、以所给动词的正确时态填空。
7)AI has revolutionized (revolution) the way we approach
environmental monitoring and conservation.
人工智能已经彻底改变了我们进行环境监测和保护的方
式。练习:
一、以所给动词的正确时态填空。
8)Experts predict that AI ____ (play) a crucial role in
managing energy resources in the future.
随着技术的进步,我们在未来十年将看到更多的电动汽
车上路。练习:
一、以所给动词的正确时态填空。
8)Experts predict that AI will play (play) a crucial role in
managing energy resources in the future.
随着技术的进步,我们在未来十年将看到更多的电动汽
车上路。被动语态
过去 动词变形:
过去分词
was/were+v
例句:
The study was finished last year.被动语态
现在 动词变形:
过去分词
am/is/are + v
例句:
The TV is made in China.被动语态
动词变形:
过去分词
is/are/am+being+v
例句:
A new station is being built.被动语态
动词变形:
过去分词
has/have+been+ v
例句:
Her new book has been published.被动语态
动词变形:
过去分词
has/have+been+ v
例句:
Her new book has been published.被动语态
将来 动词变形:
过去分词
will be+v
例句:
The movie will be released next Tuesday.练习:
二、以所给动词的被动语态填空
) ( )
1 Good habits ____ cultivate in children by their
parents from a young age.
父母从孩子很小的时候就开始培养他们良好的习惯。练习:
二、以所给动词的被动语态填空
) ( )
1 Good habits are cultivated cultivate in children by
普通道理
their parents from a young age.
父母从孩子很小的时候就开始培养他们良好的习惯。练习:
二、以所给动词的被动语态填空
)
2 Renewable energy sources ____ widely (use) to reduce
environmental pollution.
可再生能源被广泛使用以减少环境污染。练习:
二、以所给动词的被动语态填空
)
2 Renewable energy sources are widely used (use) to
reduce environmental pollution.
可再生能源被广泛使用以减少环境污染。练习:
二、以所给动词的被动语态填空
)
3 A significant number of forests ____ (destroy) due to
如果你想强调已经被
deforestation.
由于森林砍伐,大量森林已经被破坏。练习:
二、以所给动词的被动语态填空
)
3 A significant number of forests have been destroyed
(destroy) due to deforestation.
由于森林砍伐,大量森林已经被破坏。练习:
二、以所给动词的被动语态填空
)
4 Many traditional jobs ____ (replace) by AI and
automation in recent years.
近年来,许多传统工作被人工智能和自动化取代。练习:
二、以所给动词的被动语态填空
)
4 Many traditional jobs have been replaced (replace) by AI
and automation in recent years.
近年来,许多传统工作被人工智能和自动化取代。练习:
二、以所给动词的被动语态填空
)
5 A new policy on education ____ (implement) next
品格 句中有将来时间状语
semester to improve student .
为了提高学生品格,下学期将实施一项新的教育政策。练习:
二、以所给动词的被动语态填空
)
5 A new policy on education will be implemented
品格
(implement) next semester to improve student .
为了提高学生品格,下学期将实施一项新的教育政策。练习:
二、以所给动词的被动语态填空
)
6 Several new AI technologies ____ (integrate) into the
classroom to enhance learning experiences.
为了增强学习体验,几种新的 技术将被整合到课堂中。
AI练习:
二、以所给动词的被动语态填空
)
6 Several new AI technologies will be integrated
(integrate) into the classroom to enhance learning
experiences.
为了增强学习体验,几种新的 技术将被整合到课堂中。
AI练习:
二、以所给动词的被动语态填空
)
7 The importance of honesty and integrity ____ (emphasize)
普通事实
in many family education programs.
在许多家庭教育项目中,强调了诚实和正直的重要性。练习:
二、以所给动词的被动语态填空
)
7 The importance of honesty and integrity is emphasized
(emphasize) in many family education programs.
在许多家庭教育项目中,强调了诚实和正直的重要性。练习:
二、以所给动词的被动语态填空
)
8 Advanced recycling technologies ____ (adopt) by many
cities to manage waste more effectively.
许多城市将采用先进的回收技术,以更有效地管理废物。练习:
二、以所给动词的被动语态填空
)
8 Advanced recycling technologies will be adopted (adopt)
by many cities to manage waste more effectively.
许多城市将采用先进的回收技术,以更有效地管理废物。四级英语
核心语法点通关
(5)
主讲老师 刘哲
: Nathan
微博 的英语圈
: Nathan从句是一个包含主语和谓语的句子成分,它不能独
立存在,需要依附于主句。宾语从句:在动词的后面,从句作整个句子的宾语
1)The results reveal that while Swedes were the tallest people in
the world in 1914.
结果显示,虽然在 年瑞典人是世界上最高的人。
1914
2)Some San Jose residents say that as inequality has grown in
recent years, upward mobility has become much more difficult to
achieve.
一些圣何塞居民表示,随着近年来不平等的增长,向上流动
变得难以实现。
一个动词 引导的从属的句子
+that定语从句:修饰名词,从句作整个句子的定语
先行词
先行词总是出现在定语从句之前。
The boy who is sleeping is my nephew.
This is the book which my uncle gave me.
关系词
引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。
Don't forget the book that/which I told you to bring.
( 为关系代词,在定语从句中作宾语)
that/which
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
( 为关系副词,在定语从句中作状语)
where相关例句
1)The percentage of young men who live with their parents has
形容词
grown due to their decreased pay in recent decades.
近几十年来,由于收入减少,与父母同住的年轻男性比例有
所增长。
主句谓语出现时,从句可能结束。相关例句
定从
2)The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy
of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and
teenagers failing to reach their full potential in terms of height.
他说,结构调整政策之后随之而来的营养和健康危机,导致
许多儿童和青少年未能在身高上达到他们的全部潜力。
主句谓语( 宾从 宾
He says that the nutritional and health crises
从主语 定从 定从谓语
that followed the policy of structural
宾从谓语 宾从宾
adjustment led to many children and teenagers
语 )
failing to reach their full potential in terms of height.相关例句
主语 主句谓语
3)This turn of events is fueled primarily by the
宾语 定从
dramatic drop in the share of young Americans who
谓语 宾语
are choosing to settle down romantically before age
35.
这一事态的发展主要是由于选择在 岁之前浪漫定居的年轻
35
美国人比例急剧下降所推动的非限制性定从
它提供额外的信息。
换句话说,非限制性定语从句可以被省略,而不会改变先行
词的意义。这种从句通常用逗号与主句隔开,以表明它们提
供的信息是附加的、非必要的。
) 主句谓语 宾语
1 Rents in San Jose grew 42.6 percent between
时间状语 从句谓
2006 and 2014 , which was the largest increase
语
in the country/ during that time period.
圣何塞的租金在 年到 年间增长了 ,这是当时
2006 2014 42.6%
全国最大的涨幅。) 主语 系表
2 Half of these are behavioural disorders , while one
third are emotional disorders such as stress, anxiety and
系表
depression, which often become outwardly apparent
通过 方式 方式状语
through ... self-harm .
这些情况中有一半是行为障碍,而三分之一是情绪障碍,比
如压力、焦虑和抑郁,这些情绪障碍经常通过自我伤害而明
显表现出来。主语从句:从句作主语。
)主语从句
1 Whether the city still allows for upward mobility of
主句系表结构
poor kids today, though, is up for debate .
然而,这座城市是否仍然允许贫困儿童今天向上流动,还有
待讨论。各类状从
时间状语从句( 引导,从句作整个句子的时间
as,when,since
状语)
)
1 No one in their right mind would buy the print subscription
when you could get digital as well for the same price.
没有人在头脑清醒的情况下会购买纸质版订阅,当你可以以
同样的价格获得数字版时。比较状从
) 被动,过去分词,非谓语
1 Large surveys conducted over the
谓语 宾从
course of many years tell us that American youth are
比较状从
not going to the cinema nearly as often as they did in
the past.
多年来进行的大型调查告诉我们,美国年轻人去电影院的频
率远不如过去。结果状从( 引出)
so that
)
1 I handle my own gold medal so gently that I would not
scratch it.
我非常小心地处理自己的金牌,以免刮伤它。条件状从( 引导)
if
主语 谓语 主句
If the problems of San Jose can’t be solved , one
主语
of America’s fundamental beliefs about itself can be shaken
谓语
.
如果圣何塞的问题无法解决,美国对自己的一个基本信念可
能会受到动摇让步状从
后省略了 宾语从句的 可以写,也可以不写
say that, that
While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive
positions in business in the future, 44% say it’s only a matter of time
时间状从
before as many women are in top executive positions as
men.
as many women as men are in top executive positions
虽然有 的人认为男性将来会继续占据更多的商业高层管理
53%
职位,但有 的人表示,女性在高层管理职位上的数量与男
44%
性持平只是时间问题。表语从句
)
1 One reason is that going to the cinema is generally a social
activity.
一个原因是去电影院通常是一种社交活动。
)
2 But the trouble with those things is that within six months to
a year, people are back to their original baseline levels of
wellbeing.
但这些事情的问题在于,六个月到一年之内,人们的幸福感
会回到他们最初的基线水平。