文档内容
新东方在线
目 录
第一部分：句子成分 ……………………………………………………… 55
第二部分：四大句型 ……………………………………………………… 58
第三部分：非谓语动词 …………………………………………………… 60
第四部分：常考时态与被动语态 ………………………………………… 66
第五部分：重点从句 ……………………………………………………… 70
第六部分：难度语法综合 ………………………………………………… 75
>>1四级讲义-语法（直播）
目标：
学习完本课程，你将：
·· 系统掌握与四级考试相关的语法点
·· 为听懂、看懂长难句打下坚实基础
·· 写出长难句
关于我：
于 2016 年获博士学位，研究方向为二语习得。2009 年获上海市高级
口译资格证书，2010 年获英语专业八级证书。自 2010 年起在国内大型培
训机构任四六级、专四专八课程。在清华大学出版社出版考研写作类书籍。
2<<新东方在线
第一部分：句子成分
按各成分的重要性，我们将讲到：
第一波：主语、谓语（核心动作）、宾语
基本理解：
谓语是一句话的核心动作；
主语是谓语动作的发起者；
宾语是谓语动作的接受者。
He reads academic papers every day.
但，谓语的形式特别多：
实在的动词：love, publish
带有时态特征的动词： will visit, published等
情态动词+动词：should finish, must finish等
被动语态：is published等
第二波：系表结构作谓语
有时候，谓语动词是系动词+表语构成
*系动词是什么？
也称为连系动词或联系动词，最熟悉的一类：am/is/are
（ 本节课只了解到这里，其它类型后续补充）
*表语是什么？说明主语，位于系动词之后。
He is系动词 a doctor表语. 系表结构合力作谓语部分。
第三波：双宾语 直接宾语+间接宾语
He gave me（间接） / a book（直接）
小口诀：直物、间人。
>>55四级讲义-语法（直播）
第四波：宾补
在英语中,表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态,这个词或短语称为宾语补
足语。
I saw them宾语 playing football宾补.
The police warned them宾语 to stay inside宾补.
I call her Babe.
第五波：定语、状语
定语修饰、说明名词的品质与特征
She is a beautiful定语 girl.
This company is a major energy定语 supplier.
状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、程度、方式、比较、结果、条件、让步状语等。
She lives in Beijing地点状语.
I will call you at 10 o’clock时间状语.
She was praised for her bravery原因状语.
To pass the exam目的状语, he works very hard.
She speaks English very well程度状语.
He arrived in Dalian by sea方式状语.
My bag is bigger than yours比较状语.
练习：
请回答划线部分的成分
以下内容均出现在听力真题选项中
She is too weight conscious.
她太注重体重了。
He took a tour of his client’s old home.
他参观了客户的旧居。
56<<新东方在线
They installed a camera to monitor sheep activity.
他们安装了一个摄像头来监控羊群的活动。
Owners’ personalities affect their cats’ behaviour and wellbeing.
宠物主人的性格影响他们猫咪的行为和福祉。
5）More and more people are treating pet cats like their children.
越来越多的人把宠物猫当作自己的孩子来对待。
答案：
1）系表结构作谓语
2）定语
3）目的状语
4）宾语
5）谓语
更多成分分析内容，请关注本课程的长难句分析专题。
>>57四级讲义-语法（直播）
第二部分：四大句型
简单句：A （仅有一个主句，没有从句）
Mary speaks Chinese very well.
复合句：A+a (仅有一个主句，其中含有 1个及多个从句)
从句If I am not busy tomorrow, 主句I will play football with you.
并列句：A1, 连词 A2 (用逗号和连词连接2个主句)
主句1 Students need to study hard, and 主句2 they should also find time to relax.
并列复合句：A1, 连词 A2 a1
演变过程：
Professor Smith gave me some suggestions.
史密斯教授给了我一些建议。（简单句）
He asked me whether I needed any other help.
他问我还需要别的帮助吗？（复合句，其中whether 引导宾语从句）
Professor Smith gave me some suggestions, and he asked me whether I needed any other help.（ 并
列复合句；and 连接两个分句构成并列句，但 and 后面又是一个含有宾语从句的复合句）。
练习：
判断阅读真题中的句型结构
【本节只判断句型和看懂意思，具体是什么从句，后面课程会讲到】
1）主句Deep reading is crucial for being a good citizen.
深度阅读对于成为一个好的公民至关重要。
58<<新东方在线
2）When 从句 high school students go on to college, 主句 their past and current reading habits
will influence their academic performance.
当高中生进入大学时，他们过去和现在的阅读习惯将影响他们的学术表现。
3）Yet 主 句 solving problems like these requires new approaches that 从 句 extend beyond
traditional ways of thinking.
然而，解决这类问题需要新的方法，这些方法超越了传统的思维方式。
4）主句 Research has shown that 从句 smartphones are currently American teens’m ain form of
social communication.
研究表明，智能手机是目前美国青少年的主要社交沟通方式。
5）While 从句 cheek kissing for Latin Americans is also a universal greeting form, 主句 it does
not require such a high degree of relational closeness.
虽然对拉丁美洲人来说，脸颊亲吻也是一种普遍的问候方式，但它并不要求如此高程度
的关系亲密度。
答案
1）简单句
2）- 5）复合句
>>59四级讲义-语法（直播）
第三部分：非谓语动词
难度开始加大，加油，你可以的！
每一个主句或从句都有一个自己的谓语动词 但可以有多个动词，这些多出的动词必须以非
谓语形式出现
如同：
一家公司 多名员工 一个 CEO
一个主句/从句 多个动词 一个谓语动词
非谓语动词主要形式：
【语法书上细节太多，我们只提炼和四级相关的部分】
第一类：to +v.
动词不定式，作主语或目的状语
To sweep 不定式作主语the floor is my duty every day.
To win the battle不定式作目的状语, we have to carry out some urgent measures immediately.
第二类：ving动名词
将动词转化为名词使用。
Having动名词作主语 a growth mindset of interest can help job seekers expand their interests.
四级阅读
拥有一种对兴趣的增长心态可以帮助求职者扩展他们的兴趣。
第三类：ving现在分词
表主动、进行中的动作。
The benefits of a growth mindset of interest may also extend 谓 语 to those seeking 非 谓 语
employment. 四级阅读
“对兴趣的增长心态的好处也可能扩展到那些寻求就业的人。”
60<<新东方在线
第四类：v过去分词: 表被动或者已完成
规则动词直接加ed, 不规则动词的变法需要单独记忆。
A study led非谓语 by Yale Professor of Psychology，Paul O’Keefe，found 主句谓语 that
having a growth mindset（思维倾向）of interest may spark 从句谓语 this type of innovation.
四级阅读
由耶鲁大学心理学教授Paul O’Keefe领导的一项研究发现，拥有对兴趣的增长心态可能
会激发这类创新。
规则动词的过去分词+ed：如publish-published-published
但不规则动词则不一样
不规则动词变位表
原形 一般过去时 过去分词 中文意思
be was/were been 是；成为
bear bore born 生育；忍受
beat beat beaten 击败；跳动
become became become 成为
begin began begun 开始
blow blew blown 吹；刮风
break broke broken 打破
bring brought brought 带来
build built built 建造
burn burnt/burned burnt/burned 烧伤；晒伤
buy bought bought 买
catch caught caught 赶上；抓住
choose chose chosen 选择
come came come 来
>>61四级讲义-语法（直播）
原形 一般过去时 过去分词 中文意思
cost cost cost 花费；失去
cut cut cut 切，割；砍
dig dug dug 挖
do did done 做
draw drew drawn 画；吸引
drink drank drunk 饮；喝
drive drove driven 驾驶；驱赶
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 降落，落下
feed fed fed 喂养
feel felt felt 觉得；摸
fight fought fought 战斗
find found found 找到；发现
fly flew flown 飞；乘飞机
forget forgot forgotten 忘记
练习：
一、识别以下句子中的谓语及非谓语
以下例句均来自于四级阅读真题：
1）Karraker and coauthor Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a
study conducted by Indiana University since 1992.
Karraker 和合著者 Kenzie Latham 分析了自 1992 年以来印第安纳大学进行的一项涉及 2,717
个婚姻、为期 20 年的数据分析。
2）The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition, found that the
“wrong” name is not random.
这项研究发表在 4 月的在线期刊《记忆与认知》上，发现叫错名字并不是随机的。
62<<新东方在线
3）That does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing.
那并不意味着简单地延长我们的职业生涯就有吸引力。
4）Building on these findings, the latest research examined how a growth mindset of interest
can boost integrative thinking.
在这些发现的基础上，最新的研究考察了兴趣的增长心态如何增强整合性思维。
5）The traditional threestage life will evolve into multiple stages containing two, three, or
even more different careers.
传统的三阶段人生似乎很可能会演变为包含两个、三个或更多不同职业的多个阶段。
二、以提示动词的正确形式填空。
【为写作打基础哦】
1）The book, ____ (write) by a renowned author, ____ (suggest) that ____ (read) fiction can
improve empathy.
这本由著名作家撰写的书表明阅读小说可以提高同理心。
2）The policy, ____ (announce) by the government, ____ (aim) to reduce air pollution.
政府宣布的政策旨在减少空气污染。
3）The research, ____ (fund) by the national science foundation, ____ (reveal) that climate
change ____ (affect) wildlife.
由国家科学基金资助的研究表明气候变化影响野生动物。
4）____ (drive) by a passion for innovation, the tech giant ____ (launch) a series of cutting-edge
products.
受创新热情的驱动，这家科技巨头推出了一系列尖端产品。
5）____ (aim) to reduce carbon emissions, the government ____ (introduce) a new tax on fossil
fuels.
旨在减少碳排放，政府对化石燃料引入了新税。
>>63四级讲义-语法（直播）
三、修改下列句子中的非谓语动词错误
1）Use AI to analyze data can help businesses make better decisions.
2）Developing AI applications requiring a deep understanding of machine learning.
3）Recycling helps reduce environmental impact by reuse materials.
4）Eco-friendly materials are used in construction to reducing environmental impact.
5）Attending lectures and participating in discussions helps students understanding complex.
6）Lifelong learn enables individuals to adapt to changes in the job market by continuously
acquiring new skills.
答案
一、
1）Karraker and coauthor Kenzie Latham analyzed 主句谓语 20 years of data on 2,717
marriages from a study conducted 非谓语 by Indiana University since 1992.
2）Thestudy, published 非谓语 online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition, found 主句
谓语 that the“ wrong”n ame is not random 从句谓语 .
3）That does not mean主语谓语 that simply extending动名词 our careers is appealing从句谓语.
4）Building 动名词 on these findings, the latest research examined 主句谓语 how a growth
mindset of interest can boost 从句谓语 integrative thinking.
5）The traditional threestage life will evolve into 主句谓语 multiple stages containing 非谓语
two, three, or even more different careers.
二、
1）The book, written by a renowned author, suggests that reading fiction can improve empathy.
2）The policy, announced by the government, aims to reduce air pollution.
64<<新东方在线
3）The research, funded by the national science foundation, revealed that climate change
affects wildlife.
4）Driven by a passion for innovation, the tech giant launched a series of cuttingedge products.
5）Aiming to reduce carbon emissions, the government introduced a new tax on fossil fuels.
三、
1）Using AI to analyze data can help businesses make better decisions.
2）Developing AI applications requires a deep understanding of machine learning.
3）Recycling helps reduce environmental impact by reusing materials.
4）Eco-friendly materials are used in construction to reduce environmental impact.
5）Attending lectures and participating in discussions helps students understand complex.
6）Lifelong learning enables individuals to adapt to changes in the job market by continuously
acquiring new skills.
对照翻译
利用人工智能分析数据可以帮助企业做出更明智的决策。
开发人工智能应用需要对机器学习有深入的理解。
回收利用通过重新使用材料来减少对环境的影响。
环保材料被用于建筑行业，以降低对环境的影响。
参加讲座并参与讨论有助于学生理解复杂概念。
终身学习使个人能够通过持续获取新技能来适应就业市场的变化。
>>65
