文档内容
专题 10 主旨大意题
01专题网络·思维脑图
02考情分析·解密高考
03高频考点·以考定法
考点【高考解密】
命题点01 标题归纳题
命题点02 文章大意题
命题点03 段落大意题
【技巧解密】
【考向预测】
04核心素养·微专题
微专题 主旨大意题易错陷阱
05创新好题·分层练考点 考查内容 高考考题设问
核心价值：
【2023年1月·浙江卷】D35．Which of the following is
高考英语试卷取材广泛、体裁多样，引导学the best title for the text? 标题归纳
生德智体美劳全面发展，加强对中华优秀传
统文化和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发 【2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】B27.What can be a suitable title
挥文化铸魂的育人功能。 for the text? 标题归纳
第一，强化体美劳教育引导，夯实全面发展【2022年全国甲卷】C27. Which can be a suitable title for
基础。在体育融入试题方面，2022 年新高 the text? 标题归纳
考全国Ⅱ卷阅读题选取运动促进心脏健康的
语篇，写作题选取一名残疾学生积极参加跑 【2022年全国乙卷】C31. Which is the most suitable title
细 步比赛的语篇。这些语篇和材料旨在引导学for the text? 标题归纳
生提高运动意识，保持身心健康。在美育融
节 入试题方面，2022 年全国甲卷听力题选取 【2021年新高考I卷】 C篇31. Which of the following
is a suitable title for the text? 标题归纳
一位艺术鉴赏家谈论自己经历的材料，阅读
理
题选取介绍英国加的夫市艺术剧院的语篇，【2021年全国甲卷】D篇15. What is the best title for the
解 这些语篇旨在引导学生加深对艺术的认识， text? 标题归纳
培养健康向上的审美情趣。在劳动教育融入
题 试题方面，各套试卷的语篇包含了山区支 【2021年全国乙卷】C篇31. Which of the following can
教、烹饪、做家务等信息，涉及多种工作场be the best title for the text? 标题归纳
景，旨在引导学 生形成劳动观念，在学习
【2021年新高考II卷】C篇11. Which of the following is
和生活中培养劳动精神。
a suitable title for the text? 标题归纳
第三，关注时代发展与生活实践，引导学生
【2023年1月·浙江卷】 27．What is the text mainly
培养核心素养。2022 年全国卷通过选取禁
about?文章大意
止开车使用手机、悉尼新旧文化冲突、新媒
体对家庭教育和生活的影响、英国征收糖税
【2022年全国甲卷】C31. What is the text mainly about?
的起因及效果等具有探讨性和思辨性的材
文章大意
料，引导学生形成独立思考的习惯，培养主
动发现问题和解决问题的能力；通过选取高【2021年3月天津卷】C篇56．What is the passage
科技无人机在铁路交通中的应用、鹦鹉识别mainly about?文章大意
物体形状的实验、人类语言发展的研究及与
【2021年6月浙江卷】C篇10. What is the last paragraph
捉迷藏相关的儿童心理发展实验等语篇，激mainly about?文章大意
【2023浙江1月高考】 C篇31．What can we learn
from the last paragraph?文章大意
【2023·新高考I卷】D篇32.What is Paragraph 2 of the
text mainly about?文章大意
发学生对科学实验与研究的兴趣通；通过选
取关爱养老院老人的研究项目、勇救坠楼儿 【2022·新高考I卷】D14. What is paragraph 5 mainly
童、修复父子亲情关系等语篇,倡导友好互 about?文章大意
助、彼此关爱的和谐人际关系。
【2022·全国甲卷 D】D32. What is the first paragraph
学科素养： mainly about?文章大意
1. 从话题选择来看，近三年围绕人与自 【2021年全国乙卷】B篇24. What does paragraph 2
然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题全面考查mainly tell us about mobile phones?文章大意
英语综合运用能力，试题取材广泛、体裁多
【2021年6月浙江卷】C篇10. What is the last paragraph
样，进一步体现考试对五育（德、智、体、
mainly about?文章大意
美、劳）全面发展的引导作用，加强对中华
优秀传统文化、和社会主义先进文化的考
【2023浙江1月高考】C篇31．What can we learn from
查，充分发挥文化铸魂育人功能。落实立德
the last paragraph?段落大意
树人，彰显德育本色 。
【2023·新高考I卷】 D篇32.What is Paragraph 2 of the
2. 从命题方向及趋势来看，全国卷试题高
text mainly about?段落大意
考英语试题整体难度稳定且适中，从教材出
发，强调主干知识的运用以及基本能力的考【2022·新高考I卷】D14. What is paragraph 5 mainly
查。同时全国卷试题高考英语试题注重考查about?段落大意
学生的思维品质、创新能力以及解决实际问
题的能力。 【2022·全国甲卷】 D32. What is the first paragraph
mainly about?段落大意
【2021年全国乙卷】B篇24. What does paragraph 2
mainly tell us about mobile phones?段落大意
【2021年6月浙江卷】 C篇10. What is the last
paragraph mainly about? 段落大意
命题点01标题归纳题
典例01
【2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷 B】Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for
middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban
Sprouts, a school garden programme at four low-income schools. The programme aims to help students develop
science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighbourhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast foodrestaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of
soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though
some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as
soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a
year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Programme evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who
say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the programme’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that
they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming
effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,”
she says, “and they feel successful.”
27.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Rescuing school gardens
B.Experiencing country life
C.Growing vegetable lovers
D.Changing local landscape
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。 通读全文并根据第一段中“The programme aims to help students develop science
skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.”和第四段中“Programme evaluations show that kids eat
more vegetables as a result of the classes.”可知,该项目旨在帮助学生发展科学技能、培养环境意识和养成健康
的生活方式。计划评估显示,学生们由于这些课程吃了更多的蔬菜。C项“Growing vegetable lovers”一语双
关,其中growing既能表明蔬菜爱好者正在增加,也可指爱好种植蔬菜的人。
典例02
【2023年1月·浙江卷】DAccording to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels
installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of
that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few
like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thoughtto what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control
weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation
and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and
contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar
development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the
easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over
the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws
related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness
guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a
shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-
friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
35．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B．Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C．InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D．Solar Farms: A New Development
【答案】 35．D
【解析】 35．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have
transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil
improvement and carbon reduction.(在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间改造
成各种传粉媒介的庇护所，从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放。)”可知，现在的太阳能农场在过去的几年里
已经得到了很大的发展，更重要的是太阳能农场也变得更加的环保，这将是未来发展农业的新趋势，再结
合全文对太阳农场的发展过程的介绍可以判断，本文主题是介绍太阳能农场。故选D项。
典例03
【2021年全国乙卷C篇】You've heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes
enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von
Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-
examine their relationship to singleuse plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse，” a pair of 10foottall plasticwaves, frozen midcrash. Made of 168，000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the
sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic
pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of
their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came
from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to
disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's
worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic，” Von Wong and a group of
volunteers collected more than 10，000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been
dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
31．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Artists' Opinions on Plastic Safety
B．Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C．Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D．Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
【答案】D
【解析】标题判断题。通读全文可知，作者讲述了艺术家Benjamin Von Wong(本杰明·冯·王)用塑料垃圾制
作巨型雕塑以期望唤起人们对环保问题的关注的事迹，因此D项(海洋塑料变雕塑)适合作文章标题。故选
D。
命题点02文章大意题
典例01
【2023年1月·浙江卷】B Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re
looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my
parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned
a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out
how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea
Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days
later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to
carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my
own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able
to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a
bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but
you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment
on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on
board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice: Lead by action.
27．What is the text mainly about?
A．How to get on well with other family members.
B．How to have one’s own personal space at home.
C．How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household.
D．How to control the budget when buying groceries.
【答案】 27．C
【解析】27．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable
lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方
式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动)”及第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things along the
way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the
change in a not-always-supportive household.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总
是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者如何在
家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。故选C。
典例02
【2020·全国新课标 II】 Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but
researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of
Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play
was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income,
education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and
found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at
54 months of age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their
ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the
study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more
frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play
with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more
active during puzzle play than parents of girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.242
27．What is the text mainly about?
A．A mathematical method. B．A scientific study.
C．A woman psychologist D．A teaching program.
【答案】27．B
【解析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。
27．主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以
是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。
典例03
【2020·全国新课标III】With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独),
more families are choosing to live together.
The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the
ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol — one of a growing number of
multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing
machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.
“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke
more with Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”
And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes,
I think I would.”It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been
rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together
had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents;
many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-
olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in
Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.
Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted.
In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they
get married.318
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. Lifestyles in different countries. B. Conflicts between generations.
C. A housing problem in Britain. D. A rising trend of living in the UK.
【答案】31.D
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面
临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。
31.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk
of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老
年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上
升趋势。故选D项。
命题点03 段落大意题
典例01
【2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷D】This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t
always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors
are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and
tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of
crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated
or dependent,the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
32.What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A.The methods of estimation.
B.The underlying logic of the effect.
C.The causes of people’s errors.
D.The design of Galton’s experiment.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了两项关于“群体智慧”效应的研究。
32.B 段落大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those
errors aren’t always the same…the accuracy of the estimate will go down.”可知,本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总
是相同的,各不相同的误差平均在一起,相互抵消,就会产生更准确的估计,独立估计的平均因误差的消除而产
生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
典例02
【2022年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】
...
Para 5: Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world
languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand
years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings
evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the
appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a
complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the
research team.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
【答案】 14. A
【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a
global change in the sound of world languages after the so Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v”increasing
remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-
gatherer people today.（对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有
发现）”可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A项。
典例03
【2020年全国卷ⅢB篇】The creative team behind “Apes” used motioncapture (动作捕捉) technology to create
digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor's performance and later
processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realisticlooking ape.
25．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A．The cost of making “Apes.”
B．The creation of digitalized apes.
C．The publicity about “Apes.”
D．The performance of real apes.
【答案】B
【解析】段落大意题。 根据本段第一句可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术来创造数字化
动物，在记录演员表演和后期加工处理上花费了上千万美元，最后创造出了猿的图像。由此可知，本段主
要是关于数字化人猿的创造。故选B。
一、标题归纳题
三大方法定标题
1. 最佳标题应具备以下三大特征：
① 概括--准确而又简短;
② 针对性--标题外延正好与文章内容相符;
③ 题目--能引发读者的阅读欲望。
三大方法：
① 正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；
② 反面否定法：撇开原文，设想各选项写出来应是什么样的文章，然后和原文比对，逐一排除不符项；③ 研读备选项：认真研读备选项里的中心词、结构、概括性、修饰词的变化，查看与中心思想是否相符。
二、主旨大意题
文章大意题
借助各段段落主题句归纳 段首；段中；段尾
首段（新闻报道、说明文、议论文）；尾段（记叙文、议论
借助文章主题段进行归纳 文）
借助主题词或关键句归纳 文中出现频率较高的关键词进行归纳，多为主题词
根据位置确定主题句:
1. 主题句在文首
文章开门见山，给出了主题句，随之用细节对其进行解释、支撑。作者在首段常常亮出观点、表明立
场。大多数文章的主题句就是文章的首句,所以要认真阅读文章首句。
2. 主题句在文末
有的主题句放在文章的末尾,先摆出事实细节，最后总结, 从而形成强有力的结论, 要求考生耐心地读
完全文。
有时主题句首尾呼应，开篇先提出主题，结尾再次升华主题。
3. 主题句在文中或隐含
主题句在段中间或隐含在文中, 让读者很难发现, 这种情况难度较大,考生要通观全文,分清主旨细节,进行归
纳推理。最后概括出来的中心意思一定要涵盖全文或整个段落,切忌以偏概全或离题太远、太笼统。解答此
类题时考生需要把握作者的观点、态度、语气等,分析文章的篇章结构,抓住文章开头的主题句或文章最后
的结论,捕捉与题目有关的信息,从而找出能概括文章主旨的题目和中心思想。
三、段落大意题通过结构或暗示概括段落大意
1. 根据逻辑结构概括段落大意：要准确概括段落大意，务必知道该段落的逻辑结构。如该段为总分顺序组
织，则主题句在段首；如该段为分总顺序组织，则主题句在段尾；如该段为分总分顺序组织，则主题句在
段中；如该段对比各事物，则其异同点即为该段大意。一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头,其后是论证性细
节。在说明文、论述文或新闻报道中多采用这种形式
2. 通过暗示揣摩段落大意：有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，
此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。
考向01-标题归纳题
【2023·河北沧州·沧州市第二中学校联考三模】The Amazon Rainforest is the largest rainforest in the world.
This extraordinary tropical jungle is roughly the same size as 48 states in the U. S. The Amazon surrounds the
Amazon River and its many tributaries. The Amazon River is the largest river in the world by volume discharged.
It stretches 4, 225 miles — from the peaks of the Peruvian Andes to the beautiful beaches of Brazil.
Scientists estimate there are 390 billion trees in the Amazon Rainforest, including over 16, 000 species. The
Amazon supports at least 427 mammal species, 3, 000 species of freshwater fish, over 1, 300 species of birds, 378
types of reptiles, and 400 species of amphibians. Notice how we didn’t mention any invertebrates (无脊椎动物),
like insects and arachnids? That’s because the Amazon’s gargantuan population of invertebrate species climbs well
into the millions. And that only includes the species we’ve identified so far!
But how does this giant ecosystem support so many diverse organisms? Scientists divide the Amazon into four
ecological layers: the forest floor, the understory, the canopy and the overstory. Each layer plays an important role
in the health and survival of the rainforest. The forest floor is where the rainforest finds its humble beginnings.
The roots of towering trees grow in thick, low-nutrient soil laid over a layer of volcanic rock. Without deep,
rich soil, the forest floor’s tropical vegetation depends on decomposers (分解物), like bacteria, fungi (真菌) and
insects. These essential organisms pull nutrients from dead organic material, like leaves, wood, and animal bodies.Vital for nutrient cycling, vigorous mushrooms, like the scarlet cup and the veiled lady, decorate the forest
floor. Some of these fungi can give out light. When the sun sets over the Amazon, these radiant mushrooms light
the forest floor like magical nightlights. Very little sunlight penetrates (穿透) the upper layers of the rainforest, so
the forest floor remains dark and damp year-round.
27．What’s the best title for the text?
A．The Secrets of the Amazon Rainforest
B．The Functions of the Amazon Rainforest
C．The Evolution History of the Amazon Rainforest
D．The Importance of Protecting the Amazon Rainforest
【答案】 27．A
【解析】27．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The Amazon Rainforest is the largest rainforest in the world. This
extraordinary tropical jungle is roughly the same size as 48 states in the U. S.(亚马逊雨林是世界上最大的雨林。
这片非凡的热带丛林的面积与美国的48个州大致相同。)”可知，本文主要介绍了亚马逊雨林的特点和生态
系统。因此本文的最佳标题A. The Secrets of the Amazon Rainforest (亚马逊雨林的秘密)。故选A。
考向02-文章大意题
【江西省八校高三第一次联考】Whether it's the slow drifting apart from a childhood friend, the sudden,
sharp distance created by a disagreement, or one of the many relationships that have quietly fallen away during the
pandemic, losing someone that you thought would always be in your life is deeply jarring.
But friendship breakups will happen over the course of our lives, and we need to start learning how to deal
with them in healthy ways, says friendship coach Danielle Bayard Jackson.
The most significant thing we need to do, says Jackson, is normalize the fact that sometimes friendships do
end and that can actually be healthy. However, we haven't been taught to carry this expectation into our friend
relationships.
“We’re not looking at our friends through a lens (透镜) of ‘Gosh,I hope this works out’, but we’ll do that with
a romantic partner for sure,” says Jackson. “ With a partner, we wonder if they're going to be the one. But with
friends, we assume they' re the one from the minute we establish that we like each other.”
And because we don't view the loss of a friendship as a normal occurrence, it feels like a personal failing when
it happens and something we should be ashamed of. Or, as Jackson puts it, “If friendship is supposed to be easy and
yours ended, what did you do wrong?”
But that isn't the case.Friendships, like any relationship, sometimes aren't meant to be and even if they are, maintaining them takes
real work. Kristen Newton has been interested in this work for years and founded HEART Convos, which aims to
help people who feel stuck in unsatisfying friendships have the kind of open and honest communication that keeps
a friendship healthy.
“I think we feel blindsided because we belittle the value and significance of our social connections and
friendship. Yet we recognize the weight that they carry when they don't work out, and we experience that hurt and
disappointment,” she says.
12．What is the text mainly about?
A．How to regain a friendship that has ended.
B．The loss of a friendship is a normal occurrence.
C．Why friendship breaks up over the course of our lives.
D．Many relationships have fallen away during the pandemic.
【答案】12．B
【解析】12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whether it's the slow drifting apart from a childhood friend, the
sudden, sharp distance created by a disagreement, or one of the many relationships that have quietly fallen away
during the pandemic, losing someone that you thought would always be in your life is deeply jarring.(不管是否是
童年朋友的缓慢的转变，由意见不合造成的突然的巨大的距离，或者是许多关系在疫情期间渐渐地分开，
失去某个你认为在你人生中会永远在的人是很令人不安)”和第二段“But friendship breakups will happen over
the course of our lives(但是友谊的破裂在我们的人生中是会发生的)”可知，这篇文章主要讲述失去朋友，失
去友谊在人生中是常有的事情。故选B。
考向03-段落大意题
【2023届安徽省A10联盟高考最后一卷】When I was a kid, a sycamore (枫树) grew in front of my home. At
the age of 10, I was just tall enough to reach its lowest branch and lift myself into its embrace. Sometimes two or
three of my friends would join me in the sycamore, or in the maple down the street, or Mrs. DiMarco’s old peach
tree, some of whose stout horizontal branches allowed us to sit shoulder to shoulder, eating sweet fruit.
In my small town there are some kinds of trees, their branches spreading wide, open for business. But I have
not yet seen a climber. Perhaps computer games have replaced tree climbing, or maybe the activity went the way of
monkey bars, which came to be viewed as too risky and have largely disappeared from playgrounds.
It is a sad loss. I have always believed that, since low-hanging branches provide no benefit to the tree, they
must be meant for the child. Robert Frost understood this when he wrote:When I see baches (桦树) bend to left and right,
Across the lines of straighter darker trees,
I like to think some boy’s been swinging them.
My only disagreement with Frost is his inference that tree climbing is a gender-specific task. Both boys and
girls make a joyful climb.
The campus of the university where I teach has all sorts of trees. During a recent walk, I found myself bending
under the branch of an immense spruce (云杉). I grabbed the thing, and a moment later was sitting on a branch.
Then the memories came flooding back. The old sycamore, the friends, and finally, the reluctance to return to earth
when the parental call to supper came.
I was so lost in my thoughts that I didn’t hear the student calling to me from below. He asked what I was
doing. I didn’t waste time on explanations. “Come on up,” I said “The air’s fine.” But he only laughed and waved
me off. He didn’t know what he was missing.
5．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．Why kids don’t climb trees.
B．Why monkey bars are dangerous.
C．Why there is no business under trees.
D．Why kids are addicted to computer games.
【答案】 5．A
【解析】5．段落大意题。根据第二段“In my small town there are some kinds of trees, their branches
spreading wide, open for business. But I have not yet seen a climber. Perhaps computer games have replaced tree
climbing, or maybe the activity went the way of monkey bars, which came to be viewed as too risky and have
largely disappeared from playgrounds.（在我的小镇有一些种类的树，它们的树枝伸展得很宽，开放营业着。
但我还没有看到一个爬树的人。也许是电脑游戏取代了爬树，或者是这项活动走上了单杠的道路，单杠被
认为风险太大，已经基本上从操场上消失了。）”可知，第二段主要描述了镇上已没有人爬树，作者推测
了这个现象的原因。因此，A项“孩子们不再爬树的原因”符合段落大意。故选A项。
主旨大意题三大易错陷阱
【易错点易错陷阱一】 标题归纳易错陷阱【浙江省义乌五校2023-2024学年高三联考试题】The scientist’s job is to figure out how the world works, to
“torture (拷问)” Nature to reveal her secrets, as the 17th century philosopher Francis Bacon described it. But who
are these people in the lab coats (or sports jackets, or T-shirts and jeans) and how do they work? It turns out that
there is a good deal of mystery surrounding the mystery-solvers.
“One of the greatest mysteries is the question of what it is about human beings — brains, education, culture
etc. that makes them capable of doing science at all,” said Colin Allen, a cognitive scientist at Indiana University.
Two vital ingredients seem to be necessary to make a scientist: the curiosity to seek out mysteries and the
creativity to solve them. “Scientists exhibit a heightened level of curiosity,” reads a 2007 report on scientific
creativity. “They go further and deeper into basic questions showing a passion for knowledge for its own sake.”
Max Planck, one of the fathers of quantum physics, once said, the scientist “must have a vivid and intuitive
imagination, for new ideas are not generated by deduction (推论), but by an artistically creative imagination.”
......
ong as our best technology for seeing inside the brain requires subjects to lie nearly motionless while
surrounded by a giant magnet, we’re only going to make limited pro gress on these questions,” Allen said.
What is a suitable title for the text?
A．Who Are The Mystery-solvers
B．Scientists Are Not Born But Made
C．Great Mystery: What Makes A Scientist
D．Solving Mysteries: Inside A Scientist's Mind
易错分析：没有理清第一段和第二段的关系。第一段提出疑问，引出话题，第二段提出文章的中心主题，
全文围绕其展开说明。
【答案】C
【解析】 文章标题。根据第二段““One of the greatest mysteries is the question of what it is about human
beings—— brains, education, culture etc.—that makes them capable of doing science at all,” said Colin Allen, a
cognitive scientist at Indiana University.(印第安纳大学的认知科学家Colin Allen说：“最大的谜团之一是，
人类究竟是什么——大脑、教育、文化等——使他们能够从事科学研究。”)”结合文章主要探讨了到底是
哪些因素造就了科学家。C选项“伟大的奥秘:是什么造就了科学家”最符合文章标题。故选C。
【易错点易错陷阱二】 文章大意易错陷阱
【江苏省徐州市第七中学2023年高三期中试题】New bio-plastics are being made in laboratories from straw,wood chips and food waste, with researchers aiming to replace oil as the source of the world’s plastic.
The new approaches include genetically modifying bacteria to eat wood and produce useful chemicals. But the
bio-plastics are currently significantly more expensive to make than fossil fuel-based plastics.
Land and seas around the world, from high mountains to deep oceans, have become polluted with plastic,
prompting major public concern. The world has produced 8bn tons of plastic since the 1950s and demand is still
rising.
While some waste plastic is recycled, much of it is burnt to produce electricity, resulting in carbon emissions
that drive climate change. In contrast to plastic made from oil, plastics made from plant-based materials only
release the carbon the plants absorbed from the air as they grew. Bio-plastics will also give more options for
products that biodegrade (生物降解) in the environment, although they can be made very long-lasting if required.
“Plastics are an incredible enhancement to our daily lives,” said Paul Mines, CEO of Biome Technologies in
the UK, which has spent t5m in the last five years on bio-plastics research. “But we can’t go on using fossil fuel-
based materials. About 6-7% of every barrel (桶) of oil is used to make plastics.”
“Using plant materials is feasible,” said professor Simon, at the University of York. “Replacing half of the
nation’s plastic bottles could be done using just 3% of the sugar beet crop, 5% of wheat straw or 2.5% of food
waste,” he said.
Currently, just a few thousand tons of bio-plastic are used in the UK each year, compared to millions of tons of
conventional plastic. Mines said this could rise to about 20,000 tons in the next five years.
......
What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Plastics arc necessary in daily life. B．Oil is the source of the world’s plastic.
C．Bioplastic making is a promising industry. D．Scientists are researching bioplastic making.
易错分析：未关注首段，不重视文章中心主题句的总结。
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“New bio-plastics are being made in laboratories from straw, wood
chips and food waste, with researchers aiming to replace oil as the source of the world’s plastic.(实验室正在用稻
草、木屑和食物垃圾制造新型生物塑料，研究人员的目标是取代石油成为世界塑料的来源)”并结合全文可
知，文章主要介绍了研究者们正在研究生物塑料。故选D。
【易错点易错陷阱三】 段落大意易错陷阱
【江苏省徐州市第七中学 2023年高三期中试题】As a kid growing up in a suburb of London. I loved to golooking for the perfect park bench. Some Sunday mornings, my dad could be persuaded to drive to new parks.
We’d have a kick-around with a soccer ball, share a bag of Doritos and check out all the benches in the area,
reading the words on them.
The good park bench leaves me in a state, somewhere between nostalgia (怀旧) and eager anticipation. Where
once I was excited by the words carved on wood, I now find, as a 10-year-old, that I’m more appreciative of each
bench’s quiet stoicism (坦然淡定), the way they are willing to wait out their turn in every weather, remaining
available to all-comers. Like a good book or piece of music, a park bench allows for a sense of solitude (独处) and
community at the same time, which is crucial to life in a great city.
Part of my obsession with park benches is as spaces where history settles. By planting seeds of curiosity, and
making space for reflection, park benches become doors to the past. Maybe that’s the greatest power of the park
bench: its capacity encourages the art of observation. A good bench catches us in our quietest, most vulnerable (脆
弱的) moments, when we may be open to imagining new narratives and revisiting old ones. Our masks are taken
off, hung from the bench’s wrought iron. On other nearby benches, babies are being burped. Glances exchanged.
Sandwiches eaten. Newspapers read it .
......
Which aspect of park benches does paragraph 3 focus on?
A．Design. B．History. C．Location. D．Power.
易错分析：容易出现文不对题，找错位置。同时对文中长句不会分析句子结构，曲解文意，提炼关键词错
误。
【答案】D
【解析】段落大意题。根据第三段的“By planting seeds of curiosity, and making space for reflection, park
benches become doors to the past. Maybe that’s the greatest power of the park bench: its capacity encourages the
art of observation. A good bench catches us in our quietest, most vulnerable (脆弱的) moments, when we may be
open to imagining new nanauves and revisiting old ones.(通过播下好奇心的种子，为反思提供空间，公园长椅
成为通往过去的大门。也许这就是公园长凳最大的力量：它的性能促进了观察的艺术。一张好的长凳能在
我们最安静、最脆弱的时刻抓住我们，这时我们可能会想象新的纳米机器人，并重温旧的纳米机器人。)”
可知，第三段主要讲的是长凳的力量，故选D。（2023上·江苏盐城·高二盐城市大丰区新丰中学校联考期中）
In the US only about 3% of early childhood teachers are male. Experts say this may have a great influence on
young children whose understanding of gender roles and identity is rapidly forming. Research has found that
getting access to different teachers is of benefit to children. This means the youngest learners are more likely to be
exposed to a wide variety of games and communication. It can also help them develop healthy ideas about gender.
“In our society and world, we tend to have very specific stereotypes (刻板印象) of gender roles,” said Mindi
Reich-Shapiro, an assistant professor in the Borough of Manhattan Community College, and one of the authors of a
recent study. “It’s necessary for the kids to see other possibilities and paths they can choose.”
Although they largely felt supported by colleagues and families, many male teachers surveyed stated that in
their career as early education teachers, they did face social and cultural resistance. Some even noted that the
parents were surprised or concerned when they found a male teacher with their kids. Moreover, the male teachers
were sometimes advised not to hug children.
Reich-Shapiro and other researchers have made some suggestions to increase the number of male early
education teachers. Low wages have long been considered as a major problem in this field. More than 70% of male
teachers said they intended to stay in the early education workforce, and pointed out that the major motivator for
their commitment to their long-term career was an increased salary. Thus, the report recommended that all
preschool educators be paid as much as the primary school teachers. The government should establish support
groups and provide guidance and professional advice for male early education educators.
Reich-Shapiro said that traditional recruitment methods for early childhood teachers could not handle the
gender gap in the field. He suggests providing young individuals with opportunities to stay and work with children
either through training or voluntary programs, targeting groups of men who are considering changing their jobs,
such as fathers and fathers-to-be.
17．How is the early childhood education in the US?
A．It neglects gender roles. B．It lacks male teachers.
C．It influences kids’ understanding. D．It exposes kids to adventures.
18．What is learned about the male teachers in the study?
A．They find it awkward to hug children. B．They fail to meet the parents’ expectations.
C．They can’t keep up with female colleagues. D．They feel distrusted socially and culturally.
19．What is important for men to be committed to early childhood education?
A．Higher pay. B．Job security. C．Social recognition. D．Better workplace.20．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．Early education: a specific target B．Early education: a challenging field
C．Male preschool teachers: a vital necessity D．Male preschool teachers: a potential career
【答案】17．B 18．D 19．A 20．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了美国的幼儿教育缺少男教师的现象，指出男性教师面临的问题
以及解决的建议。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段“In the US only about 3% of early childhood teachers are male.(在美国，只有
3%的幼儿教师是男性)”可知，美国的幼儿教育缺少男教师。故选B。
18．细节理解题。根据第三段“Although they largely felt supported by colleagues and families, many male
teachers surveyed stated that in their career as early education teachers, they did face social and cultural resistance.
Some even noted that the parents were surprised or concerned when they found a male teacher with their kids.(尽管
他们在很大程度上感到得到了同事和家庭的支持，但许多接受调查的男教师表示，在他们作为早教教师的
职业生涯中，他们确实面临着社会和文化的阻力。一些人甚至指出，当家长们发现一名男老师和他们的孩
子在一起时，他们感到惊讶或担心)”可知，研究中的男教师在社会和文化上感到不被信任。故选D。
19．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“More than 70% of male teachers said they intended to stay in the early
education workforce, and pointed out that the major motivator for their commitment to their long-term career was
an increased salary.(超过70%的男教师表示，他们打算留在早教队伍中，并指出，他们致力于长期职业生涯
的主要动力是加薪)”可知，对于男性来说，更高的薪水是重要的。故选A。
20．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In the US only about 3% of early childhood teachers are male. Experts say this
may have a great influence on young children whose understanding of gender roles and identity is rapidly forming.
Research has found that getting access to different teachers is of benefit to children. This means the youngest
learners are more likely to be exposed to a wide variety of games and communication. It can also help them
develop healthy ideas about gender.(在美国，只有3%的幼儿教师是男性。专家表示，这可能会对正在迅速形
成对性别角色和身份的理解的幼儿产生重大影响。研究发现，接触不同的老师对孩子们有好处。这意味着
最年轻的学习者更有可能接触到各种各样的游戏和交流。它还可以帮助他们形成健康的性别观念)”结合文
章主要说明了美国的幼儿教育缺少男教师的现象，指出男性教师面临的问题以及解决的建议。可知，C选
项“男幼师：至关重要”最符合文章标题。故选C。
（2023上·云南·高三校联考阶段练习）
“How much privacy can a photo show?” This topic has been discussed on Sina Weibo recently, causing
concerns about privacy awareness.In group chats, some people may post their original photos. But that may give away your home address and
other information. Images often contain a lot of information and various traces left by digital cameras or photo
processing software.
This data, called Exchangeable Image File Format (EXIF), is a key tool for many professionals. It can detail
whether the photographer used a flash, which digital effects were applied to a picture and when the photo was
taken. EXIF can also contain the precise GPS coordinates (坐标) of the location where a photo was taken,
according to CNN.
If you take a landscape picture from your window and send the original picture to a group chat, it means that
you are releasing your location data to all strangers in the group. They may even accurately infer your house
number by analyzing the shooting time and angle.
Not just in a group chat, sending an image in a text message, email, or other delivery tools will also include the
accompanying information. So how do we protect our privacy when sending photos?
The most effective way is to avoid sending original photos in group chats. If it’s necessary, try not to tap the
“original picture”. However, photos sent by WeChat Moments are automatically compressed (压缩) by the system,
and they travel without location and other information, according to the WeChat team.
To tackle the problem at its root, we can delete and remove a picture’s EXIF data on a computer. If you are
using an IOS smartphone, you can turn off location services for the camera in the privacy settings. If you’re using
an Android, the settings vary. Typically, you can go to the setting menu and switch the services off for the camera,
according to CTV News.
There is one more thing you can do — photoshop your photos before you share them. What comes with your
edited images is photos without stored location data.
21．Which of the information can not be tracked by EXIF?
A．The time when the photo was taken.
B．The digital effects that were applied to a photo.
C．The place where you are viewing the photo.
D．The GPS coordinates of the location where a photo was taken.
22．What would happen if you send your original photos in delivery tools?
A．The photos won’t reveal your location data.
B．The accompanying information will be deleted.
C．Your personal information will be revealed.D．The photos you are uploading will not be compressed.
23．How to protect our privacy when sharing photos?
A．Photoshop the photos before sharing.
B．Send out the EXIF data on the computer.
C． Switch off location services for the camera.
D．Compressed the photos before sharing.
A．abc. B．acd. C．bed. D．abed.
24．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Privacy Protection in Photo Sharing
B．Ways to Raise Privacy Awareness
C．How Does EXIF Work in Photo Sharing
D．The Importance of Location Services for the Camera
【答案】21．C 22．C 23．B 24．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了我们发送的图片中包含大量隐私，为了保护隐私，可以采取一些有
效的方法避免隐私泄漏。
21．细节理解题。根据第三段“This data, called Exchangeable Image File Format (EXIF), is a key tool for
many professionals. It can detail whether the photographer used a flash, which digital effects were applied to a
picture and when the photo was taken. EXIF can also contain the precise GPS coordinates (坐标) of the location
where a photo was taken, according to CNN.”（这种数据被称为可交换图像文件格式(EXIF)，是许多专业人员
的关键工具。它可以详细说明摄影师是否使用闪光灯，照片上应用了哪些数字效果，以及照片是何时拍摄
的。据CNN报道，EXIF还可以包含照片拍摄地点的精确GPS坐标。）可知，您正在查看照片的地方这个
信息不能被EXIF跟踪。故选C项。
22．推理判断题。根据第四段“If you take a landscape picture from your window and send the original picture
to a group chat, it means that you are releasing your location data to all strangers in the group. They may even
accurately infer your house number by analyzing the shooting time and angle.”（如果你从你的窗口拍了一张风
景照片，并将原始照片发送到群聊，这意味着你正在向群里的所有陌生人发布你的位置数据。他们甚至可
以通过分析拍摄的时间和角度准确地推断出你的门牌号。）可推知，如果你用传输工具发送原始照片，那
么您的个人信息可能将会被泄露。故选C项。
23．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“If it’s necessary, try not to tap the “original picture”. However, photos sent
by WeChat Moments are automatically compressed by the system, and they travel without location and otherinformation, according to the WeChat team.”（如果有必要，尽量不要点击“原始图片”。然而，据微信团队
称，微信朋友圈发送的照片会被系统自动压缩，并且在传输过程中不包含位置和其他信息。）以及下一段
“If you are using an IOS smartphone, you can turn off location services for the camera in the privacy settings.”
（如果你使用的是IOS智能手机，你可以在隐私设置中关闭摄像头的定位服务。）和最后一段“There is
one more thing you can do — photoshop your photos before you share them. What comes with your edited images
is photos without stored location data.”（你还可以做一件事——在分享照片之前先PS一下。编辑后的图片是
没有存储位置数据的照片。）可知，在分享照片时保护我们的隐私的方法有1. 分享前先PS（Photoshop）
照片。2. 关闭摄像头的定位服务。3. 在分享之前压缩照片。故选B项。
24．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段指出新浪微博上关于“一张照片能显示多少隐私”的话题引发了
人们对隐私意识的关注和讨论；第二、三、四、五段讲述了我们发送的图片里包含了大量的私人信息，并
且第五段最后一句“So how do we protect our privacy when sending photos?”（那么，在发送照片时，我们如
何保护自己的隐私呢？）引出接下来保护隐私的方法；最后三段介绍了三种在发送照片时保护隐私的方法。
由此可推测出，本文主要讲述的是在分享照片时注意避免泄露个人信息。故文章最好的标题是“照片分享
中的隐私保护”。故选A项。
（2023·河北沧州·沧州市第二中学校联考三模）
From ordering food to buying a new book to making a charitable donation, more and more decisions that used
to be made on paper are now being made on digital devices like tablets, phones, and computers. And this trend
towards digitalization has many advantages, in particular when it comes to efficiency and sustainability — but
could it also be negatively influencing how we make decisions?
We conducted a series of studies with more than 2, 500 participants across the U. S. and China to explore the
impact of the medium you use to make a decision, with a particular focus on decisions with some sort of moral
component, such as whether or not to make a donation to a charity, or whether to choose a healthy or unhealthy
entrée (主菜) at a restaurant. We asked the participants to make a variety of these sorts of choices using either a
paper form or a digital tablet, and despite controlling for all other variables (变量) , we consistently found that
people who used paper made more moral decisions than those who used a digital device: For example, participants
who read their choices and made a selection on paper were significantly more likely to give money to charity,
choose a healthy entree, and opt for an educational book rather than something more entertaining.
Why might this be? Our research suggests that the key mechanism driving this effect is how “real” the
decision feels. We asked participants in two of our studies to describe how real a decision felt, as well as the extent
to which they believed the decision as representing who they were as people, and they consistently indicated thatmaking a choice on paper felt more real and representative than making the same decision on a digital device.
It may seem like a minor detail, but our research shows that the medium with which your customers,
employees, or community members make a decision can have a major impact on the choices they make. This has
implications (暗示) for marketers, policymakers, and anyone seeking to encourage any sort of virtuous behaviour.
For example, to encourage customers to choose healthier options, restaurants might consider opting for paper rather
than digital menus. Similarly, parents and educators might opt to provide students with paper rather than online
book order forms, to increase the chances that they’ll choose educational reading materials.
25．What do we know about the studies?
A．The participants are all from America.
B．The participants are divided into three groups.
C．The studies pay special attention to decisions with moral component.
D．The studies prove the efficiency and availability of the digital device.
26．What main mechanism is responsible for this effect mentioned in the text?
A．The awareness of environmental protection.
B．People’s objection to trend towards digitalization.
C．The real feeling caused by making decisions on paper.
D．People’s care about their identity when making decisions on paper.
27．What can we infer about the research finding from the last paragraph?
A．It has practical value. B．It needs improvement.
C．It can stand the test of time. D．It makes sense in every situation.
28．What’s the main idea of the text?
A．Pen and paper will never be replaced.
B．We encourage everyone to make a responsible choice.
C．We make more moral choices when using pen and paper.
D．Educational reading materials should be provided in the form of paper.
【答案】25．C 26．C 27．A 28．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了数字化趋势对人们决策的影响。作者进行了一系列研究，发现
使用纸质表格做出的决策比使用数字设备做出的决策更具有道德性。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“We conducted a series of studies with more than 2, 500 participants across
the U. S. and China to explore the impact of the medium you use to make a decision, with a particular focus on
decisions with some sort of moral component, such as whether or not to make a donation to a charity, or whether tochoose a healthy or unhealthy entrée (主菜) at a restaurant.(我们对美国和中国的2500多名参与者进行了一系列
研究，以探索你用来做决定的媒介的影响，特别关注带有某种道德成分的决定，比如是否向慈善机构捐款，
或者在餐馆里选择健康或不健康的主菜。)”可知，这些研究特别关注带有道德成分的决定。故选C。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Our research suggests that the key mechanism driving this effect is how
“real” the decision feels.(我们的研究表明，驱动这种效应的关键机制是决定给人的“真实”感觉。)”和“…
making a choice on paper felt more real and representative than making the same decision on a digital device.(……
在纸上做出选择比在数字设备上做出同样的决定更真实、更有代表性。)”可知，纸上决策带来的真实感受
是造成这种效果的原因。故选C。
27．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This has implications (暗示) for marketers, policymakers, and anyone
seeking to encourage any sort of virtuous behaviour. For example, to encourage customers to choose healthier
options, restaurants might consider opting for paper rather than digital menus. Similarly, parents and educators
might opt to provide students with paper rather than online book order forms, to increase the chances that they’ll
choose educational reading materials.(这对市场营销人员、政策制定者和任何试图鼓励任何良性行为的人都有
启示。例如，为了鼓励顾客选择更健康的食物，餐馆可能会考虑选择纸质菜单而不是电子菜单。同样，家
长和教育工作者可能会选择向学生提供纸质而非在线图书订购表，以增加他们选择教育读物的机会。)”可
知，研究结果具有实用价值。故选A。
28．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“We asked the participants to make a variety of these sorts of choices using
either a paper form or a digital tablet, and despite controlling for all other variables (变量) , we consistently found
that people who used paper made more moral decisions than those who used a digital device(我们要求参与者使用
纸质表格或数字平板电脑做出各种各样的选择，尽管控制了所有其他变量，但我们一致发现，使用纸质表
格的人比使用数字设备的人做出更多的道德决定)”和全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了数字化趋势对人们决
策的影响。作者进行了一系列研究，发现使用纸质表格做出的决策比使用数字设备做出的决策更具有道德
性。由此可知，C项：We make more moral choices when using pen and paper.(当我们用笔和纸时，我们会做
出更多的道德选择。)是文章的主旨大意。故选C。
（2023上·辽宁铁岭·高三校联考期中）
It is reported that about 14 percent of Americans aged over 12 have trouble in hearing. And hearing loss
increases dramatically to 50 percent or more for those aged over 70. It often comes on so gradually that many
ignore it. Only an estimated 15 to 25 percent of adults would use hearing aids, and the use is lowest among people
who have less access to health care.
However, recent research has revealed that even mild or moderate hearing loss in older adults is associatedwith cognitive (认知的) decline. Older adults with hearing loss are more likely to develop dementia (痴呆), and the
likelihood increases with the severity of the loss.
In July, Frank R. Lin, a professor from Johns Hopkins University, presented results from a first-of-its-kind
randomized clinical trial. Participants are 977 adults aged between 70 and 84, including those who have more risk
factors for developing dementia and those who are relatively healthy. They received best-practice hearing care,
including hearing aids. Three years later, hearing aids did make a difference to the participants in cognitive decline.
Especially for those who were at the higher risk for dementia, a 48 percent cut in risk of cognitive decline could be
made if they got hearing aids.
When hearing loss is untreated, the brain’s organization changes, says Anu Sharma, an auditory neuroscientist
of the University of Colorado Boulder. In adults with mild hearing loss, studies show a decrease in gray matter (灰
质) in brain. Sharma found early signs that vision and touch areas of the brain cover and change underused hearing
areas. Adults with hearing loss also show more activity in working memory areas. They need to make extra efforts
just to listen, Sharma says, which may exhaust cognitive reserves.
Hearing loss is also associated with more falls, higher health-care costs, and increased loneliness and social
isolation. “Hearing is fundamental to healthy aging,” says Nicholas Reed, who worked with Frank R. Lin on the
cognitive-decline study.
29．What can we learn from the figures in the first paragraph?
A．Americans pay special attention to their hearing.
B．Americans are unaware of danger of hearing loss.
C．Many Americans with hearing loss stay untreated.
D．Most Americans are suffering serious hearing loss.
30．What did Frank R. Lin’s clinical trial reveal?
A．Hearing aids helped reduce cognitive decline.
B．Hearing aids worked on healthy people.
C．Cognitive decline could result in hearing loss.
D．Cognitive decline was unrelated to age.
31．What is paragraph 4 centred on?
A．What sign will appear before losing hearing.
B．How hearing loss impacts cognitive decline.
C．Why hearing loss is left untreated by people.D．How our brain discourages cognitive decline.
32．Which can be the best title for the text?
A．Hearing loss—a new factor connected with dementia
B．Cognitive decline, caused by more than hearing loss
C．Dementia—an incurable but preventable disease
D．Hearing loss, having limited access to healthcare
【答案】29．C 30．A 31．B 32．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究表明，老年人的听力损失与认知能力下降有关。有听力损失的
老年人更容易患痴呆症，而且这种可能性随着听力损失的严重程度而增加。
29．推理判断题。根据第一段“It is reported that about 14 percent of Americans aged over 12 have trouble in
hearing. And hearing loss increases dramatically to 50 percent or more for those aged over 70. It often comes on so
gradually that many ignore it. Only an estimated 15 to 25 percent of adults would use hearing aids, and the use is
lowest among people who have less access to health care.”（据报道，大约14%的12岁以上的美国人有听力障
碍。对于70岁以上的人来说，听力损失会急剧增加到50%或更多。它的发生往往是如此缓慢，以至于许多
人都忽略了它。据估计，只有15%到25%的成年人会使用助听器，而在获得医疗保健机会较少的人群中，
助听器的使用率最低。）可推知，我们可以从第一段的数字中了解到许多听力受损的美国人没有得到治疗。
故选C项。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Three years later, hearing aids did make a difference to the participants in
cognitive decline. Especially for those who were at the higher risk for dementia, a 48 percent cut in risk of
cognitive decline could be made if they got hearing aids.”（三年后，助听器确实对认知衰退的参与者产生了影
响。特别是对于那些患痴呆症的风险较高的人来说，如果他们戴上助听器，认知能力下降的风险可以降低
48%。）可知，Frank R. Lin的临床试验揭示了助听器有助于减少认知能力下降。故选A项。
31．主旨大意题。根据第四段“When hearing loss is untreated, the brain’s organization changes, says Anu
Sharma, an auditory neuroscientist of the University of Colorado Boulder. In adults with mild hearing loss, studies
show a decrease in gray matter in brain. Sharma found early signs that vision and touch areas of the brain cover and
change underused hearing areas. Adults with hearing loss also show more activity in working memory areas. They
need to make extra efforts just to listen, Sharma says, which may exhaust cognitive reserves.”（科罗拉多大学博
尔德分校(University of Colorado Boulder)的听觉神经科学家阿努·夏尔马(Anu Sharma)说，如果听力损失得不
到治疗，大脑的组织就会发生变化。在轻度听力损失的成年人中，研究表明大脑灰质减少。夏尔马发现早
期迹象表明，大脑的视觉和触觉区域覆盖并改变了未充分利用的听觉区域。患有听力损失的成年人在工作记忆区域也表现出更多的活动。他们需要付出额外的努力来倾听，Sharma说，这可能会耗尽认知储备。）
可知，第4段的重点讲的是听力损失如何影响认知能力下降。故选B项。
32．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段“However, recent research has revealed that even mild or moderate
hearing loss in older adults is associated with cognitive (认知的) decline. Older adults with hearing loss are more
likely to develop dementia (痴呆), and the likelihood increases with the severity of the loss.”（然而，最近的研究
表明，即使是老年人轻度或中度的听力损失也与认知能力下降有关。有听力损失的老年人更容易患痴呆症，
而且这种可能性随着听力损失的严重程度而增加。）可知，文章主要讲的研究表明，老年人的听力损失与
认知能力下降有关。有听力损失的老年人更容易患痴呆症，而且这种可能性随着听力损失的严重程度而增
加。故文章的标题是“听力损失——与痴呆有关的新因素”。故选A项。
（2023上·山东青岛·高三统考期中）
Whether or not artificial intelligence (AI) will be able to outperform human intelligence –and how soon that
could happen–is a common question fueled by descriptions of AI in popular culture. Key to this comparison is a
clear understanding of “intelligence.”
One common definition describes as the ability of someone or something to achieve goals in a wide variety of
environments. We can compare how well computers and humans are able to meet this definition.
Computers start with many advantages. They have better memories, they can quickly gather information from
numerous digital sources, they can work continuously without the need for sleep, they don’t make mathematical
errors, and they are better at multitasking and thinking several steps ahead than humans. This makes them superior
to humans at achieving some goals, such as calculating complex mathematical problems or sorting through large
amounts of data. However, most AI systems are specialized for very specific applications.
Humans, on the other hand, can use imagination and intuition (直觉) when approaching new tasks in new
situations. This makes humans more readily able to apply their intelligence to a variety of environments, such as
walking along unfamiliar trails. This is something machines often struggle with.
Intelligence can also be defined in other ways, such as the possession of a group of advantages, including the
ability to reason, represent knowledge, plan, learn, and communicate. Many AI systems possess some of these
traits, but no system has yet acquired them all.
As AI systems grow more sophisticated, they may become better at translating capabilities to different
situations the way humans can. Theoretically, this could result in artificial intelligence that transcends human
intelligence. The term “singularity” is sometimes used to describe a situation in which an AI system develops
agency and grows beyond human ability to control it. So far, experts continue to debate when–and whether–this islikely to occur.
33．The author introduces the definitions of intelligence to ______.
A．bring in the topic B．help explain the issue
C．change the understanding of AI D．correct people’s wrong view of intelligence
34．In which aspect are humans superior to computers?
A．Collecting and memorizing data. B．Handling many tasks at the same time.
C．Dealing with new problems flexibly. D．Creating new tasks in various situations.
35．How does the author develop this passage?
A．By giving examples. B．By making comparisons.
C．By quoting experts’ opinions. D．By presenting research findings.
36．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．AI Era Causes Concerns about Intelligence
B．Definition of Intelligence Varies in Many Ways
C．Will Machines Become More Intelligent Than Humans?
D．Can Human Beings Control Artificial Intelligence Forever?
【答案】33．B 34．C 35．B 36．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要从计算机和人类满足“智能”这一定义的比较来分析人工智能是否能够
超越人类智能。
33．推理判断题。根据首段中的“Whether or not artificial intelligence (AI) will be able to outperform human
intelligence –and how soon that could happen–is a common question fueled by descriptions of AI in popular
culture. Key to this comparison is a clear understanding of “intelligence.”(人工智能是否能够超越人类智能——
以及这种情况何时会发生——是一个普遍的问题，流行文化中对人工智能的描述引发了这个问题。这种比
较的关键是对“智能”的清晰理解。)”可知，人工智能能否取代人类智能比较的关键在于对“智能”这一
定义的理解，结合第二段中的“One common definition describes as the ability of someone or something to
achieve goals in a wide variety of environments. (一个常见的定义是某人或某事在各种环境中实现目标的能
力。)”可知，作者在第二段给出“智能”的定义——某人或某事在各种环境中实现目标的能力，由此可知，
作者给出“智能”的定义是为了帮助理解人工智能能否超越人类智能这一问题。故选B项。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Humans, on the other hand, can use imagination and intuition (直觉) when
approaching new tasks in new situations. This makes humans more readily able to apply their intelligence to a
variety of environments, such as walking along unfamiliar trails.(另一方面，人类在处理新情况下的新任务时可以使用想象力和直觉。这使得人类更容易将他们的智慧应用到各种环境中，比如在不熟悉的小路上行
走。)”可知，人类可以在处理新情况下的任务时更容易将他们的智慧运用到各种环境中，这是机器难以解
决的问题，由此可知，人类优于机器的是人类能在新环境中处理新的问题。故选C项。
35．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“We can compare how well computers and humans are able to meet this
definition.(我们可以比较一下计算机和人类满足这一定义的能力。)”可知，比较一下计算机和人类满足“智
能”这一定义的能力，结合下文中对人工智能和人类在处理问题方面的优劣进行比较可知，本文应该是使
用作比较的方式展开这篇文章的。故选B项。
36．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Whether or not artificial intelligence (AI) will be able to outperform human
intelligence –and how soon that could happen–is a common question fueled by descriptions of AI in popular
culture.(人工智能是否能够超越人类智能——以及这种情况何时会发生——是一个普遍的问题，流行文化中
对人工智能的描述引发了这个问题。)”可知，人工智能能否超越人类智能是一个常见的问题，结合下文中
作者对人工智能和人类智能在处理问题方面的优劣进行的比较，以及尾段中的“So far, experts continue to
debate when–and whether–this is likely to occur.(到目前为止，专家们仍在争论这种情况何时以及是否会发
生。)”可知，专家就人工智能能否超越人类智能以及何时能够超越的问题仍在争论中，由此可知，本文主
要分析了人工智能是否能够超越人类智能，所以“机器会比人类更聪明吗？”这一题目与本文的内容吻合，
且可以概括本文的主题，故可以作为本文的标题。故选C项。
（2023上·江苏无锡·高三统考期中）
Are you good at interpreting other people’s emotions? Then there’s a good chance that you’re also good at
understanding what animals try to say.
A new Danish-Swiss study published in the open journal Royal Society Open Science indicates that
empathetic (能共情的) people are also good at decoding (解读) animal sounds. Other factors also improve your
chance of communicating with animals — you are more likely to be animal-empathetic if you also work with
animals, and the ability seems to peak in those aged 20-29 years old, according to the scientists.
“Our results show that, based on animal sounds, people are able to tell whether an animal is agitated (焦虑不
安的) or not and whether the animal expresses positive or negative emotions,” says behavioural biologist Elodie
Briefer from the University of Copenhagen’s Faculty of Science. “This is true in connection with a number of
different mammals. We can also see that our ability to interpret the sounds depends on factors such as age, first-
hand knowledge of animals, and not least how empathetic we are towards other people.”
The study was based on answers from 1024 people across 48 countries. They were introduced to sounds from
six mammals: goats, cattle, domesticated horses, Asian wild horses, pigs, and wild boars. The sounds from the sixanimals were played to the study’s respondents together with sounds of human nonsense (胡言乱语) produced by
actors. Afterwards, the participants had to guess whether the sounds expressed a high or low level of agitation, and
if the emotions were positive or negative. Following the test, the participants were asked to take an empathy test
that measured their empathy towards human beings. “It is a convincing test which measures empathy towards other
people,” Elodie Briefer explains. “And we saw a clear connection with the ability to interpret animal sounds.”
37．How does the author introduce the topic of the passage?
A．By stating opinions. B．By quoting a saying.
C．By giving an example. D．By asking a question.
38．Who might be best at understanding animal emotions based on the study?
A．A 15-year-old hard-working student. B．A 25-year-old caring animal raiser.
C．A29-year-old experienced hunter. D．A 30-year-old friendly teacher.
39．What does Elodie Briefer think of the test involved?
A．Doubtful. B．Reliable. C．Ineffective. D．Disappointing.
40．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Human empathy extends to animals B．Emotion interpretation helps animals
C．Sound interpretation depends on ages D．Emotion expression protects animals
【答案】37．D 38．B 39．B 40．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究表明有同理心的人也擅长解码动物的声音。
37．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Are you good at interpreting other people’s emotions? Then there’s a good
chance that you’re also good at understanding what animals try to say.(你善于解读别人的情绪吗?那么很有可能
你也很擅长理解动物想说什么。)”接下来第二段讲述文章的主题“A new Danish-Swiss study published in the
open journal Royal Society Open Science indicates that empathetic (能共情的) people are also good at decoding
(解读) animal sounds.(发表在开放期刊《皇家学会开放科学》上的一项丹麦——瑞士联合研究表明，有同理
心的人也擅长解码动物的声音。)”可知，作者通过提问来引出文章的主题。故选D。
38．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Other factors also improve your chance of communicating with animals —
you are more likely to be animal-empathetic if you also work with animals, and the ability seems to peak in those
aged 20-29 years old, according to the scientists.(其他因素也会增加你与动物交流的机会——如果你也和动物
一起工作，你更有可能具有动物同理心，而且这种能力似乎在20-29岁的人身上达到顶峰。)”可知，一个
25岁的有爱心的动物饲养员可能最能理解动物的情绪。故选B。
39．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““It is a convincing test which measures empathy towards other people,”Elodie Briefer explains. “And we saw a clear connection with the ability to interpret animal sounds.”(Elodie Briefer
解释说：“这是一个令人信服的测试，可以衡量对他人的同理心。”“我们发现这与解释动物声音的能力
有明显的联系。”)”可知，Elodie Briefer认为测试是可靠的。故选B。
40．主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第二段“A new Danish-Swiss study published in the open journal Royal
Society Open Science indicates that empathetic (能共情的) people are also good at decoding (解读) animal sounds.
(发表在开放期刊《皇家学会开放科学》上的一项丹麦-瑞士联合研究表明，有同理心的人也擅长解码动物
的声音)”可知，文章主要讲述的是有同理心的人也擅长解码动物的声音，A项：Human empathy extends to
animals(人类的同理心也延伸到了动物身上)合乎题意。故选A。
（2023上·山东·高三山东省实验中学校考期中）
For teenagers, is a sense of comfort more commonly found in sports or arts? And how might this relate to their
reported depressive symptoms? A new research published by the American Psychological Association suggests that
teenagers participating in after-school art activities like music, drama, and painting are more likely to report
depressive symptoms than their non-participating peers.
“This is not to say that depression is a necessary condition for either a teen or an adult to become an artist, nor
are we showing that participating in the arts leads to mental illness,” said lead author Laura N. Young. MA．of
Boston College. “However, previous research has revealed higher rates of mental illness symptoms in adult artists.
We were interested in whether this association is present earlier in development.”
Interestingly, teens who engaged exclusively in sports and didn’t involve themselves in any other
extracurricular activities were reported the least depressive symptoms. The researchers found no significant
difference in depressive symptoms between teens involved in the arts who also did sports and those who didn’t,
suggesting that arts participation, rather than a lack of sports participation, was associated with depression.
The researchers used data from the U. S. Survey of Youth collected from 2, 482 students 15 to 16 years old.
The survey asked teens about their frequency of participation in arts or sports activities after school, and their
experience of various moods or problems related to depression.
One theory the researchers proposed for the seeming link between the arts and mental illness symptoms is that
people attracted to the arts might possess certain cognitive (认知的) qualities, such as absorbing a higher level of
information from their surroundings. This could lead to general unhappiness and depression, yet also enhance
creativity and artistic expression. The authors suggested that personality qualities linked to depression, like
introversion (内向), might guide teens towards more individual activities like the arts.
“When positive behaviors such as being involved in the arts are associated with symptoms of mental illness,it’s essential that we understand why,” said Young. “Further research can address the question of whether possible
psychological shortcomings can be transformed into benefits through the practice of the arts.”
41．What can we learn from the research findings?
A．Art activities directly lead to teen mental illness.
B．Art participation can be related to teen depression.
C．Sports are likely to increase depression rates in teens.
D．Being depressed is necessary to become an artist later.
42．Which has the closest meaning with the underlined word “exclusively” in Paragraph 3?
A．only B．rarely C．regularly D．diversely
43．What is Paragraph 5 of the text mainly about?
A．The overall framework of the research project
B．The direct cause of the observed phenomenon.
C．The theoretical basis of the possible connection.
D．The methods applied in conducting the research.
44．According to Young, what should follow-up researches focus on?
A．How to reduce depressive symptoms through sports.
B．How to identify the positive impacts of the association.
C．How to prove the link between creativity and depression.
D．How to turn potential mental weaknesses into strengths.
【答案】41．B 42．A 43．C 44．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。美国心理协会发表的一项新研究表明，参加课外艺术活动(如音乐、戏剧和绘
画)的青少年比不参加的同龄人更容易出现抑郁症状。文章对此进行了介绍。
41．细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“A new research published by the American Psychological Association
suggests that teenagers participating in after-school art activities like music, drama, and painting are more likely to
report depressive symptoms than their non-participating peers.(美国心理协会发表的一项新研究表明，参加课外
艺术活动(如音乐、戏剧和绘画)的青少年比不参加的同龄人更容易出现抑郁症状。)”可知，研究发现艺术参
与可能与青少年抑郁有关。故选B。
42．词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句中的“and didn’t involve themselves in any other extracurricular
activities(没有参加任何其它课外活动)”可知，此处是指只参与体育活动，所以exclusively意为“仅仅，
只”。故选A。
43．主旨大意题。根据第五段第一句“One theory the researchers proposed for the seeming link between thearts and mental illness symptoms is that people attracted to the arts might possess certain cognitive (认知的)
qualities, such as absorbing a higher level of information from their surroundings.(对于艺术与精神疾病症状之间
的表面联系，研究人员提出的一种理论是，被艺术吸引的人可能具有某种认知能力，比如从周围环境中吸
收更高水平的信息。)”和最后一句“The authors suggested that personality qualities linked to depression, like
introversion (内向), might guide teens towards more individual activities like the arts.(作者认为，与抑郁有关的
性格特质，比如内向，可能会引导青少年进行更多的个人活动，比如艺术。)”可知，第五段主要是讲可能
联系的理论基础。故选C。
44．细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Further research can address the question of whether possible
psychological shortcomings can be transformed into benefits through the practice of the arts.(进一步的研究可以解
决这样一个问题：是否可能的心理缺陷可以通过艺术实践转化为好处。)”可知，后续研究应该关注如何将
潜在的心理弱点转化为优势。故选D。
（2023上·云南昆明·高三统考期中）
Most old, disused airports are usually torn down to make way for shiny new developments, although at huge
cost, but not Tegel airport, in Berlin, Germany. The deserted 580 acres will be turned into an eco-friendly living
neighborhood land, in Tegel Project that officials hope will become the blueprint for future disused airports.
After the airport was closed down a number of years ago, following the building of a newer and modern
version nearby, developers began dreaming up the ambitious 5 million square meter Tegel Project. Those behind the
project hope it will address housing shortages, pollution and other ban living problems. It will provide at least 5,000
homes for more than 10,000 people.
The entire project is all about being energy-efficient: vertical gardens (垂直花园) on apartment blocks, which
is one way to keep buildings cool without costly air conditioning. Every rooftop is also going to be fitted with solar
panels which will provide electricity. Sponge City technology, such as rain gardens, will help the city absorb as
much water as possible.
Although turning an airport into a neighborhood isn’t common, it’s not the first time it’s happened. When
Denver’s main airport moved to a new location, developers made the most out of the old airport and converted the
space into a residential community with important locations like hospitals, schools, and supermarkets easily
reached on foot.
Next to the new development in Germany’s former Tegel airport will be a commercial zone. The Urban
Technology Republic is aimed at tech companies that will be encouraged to open offices in the development, as
well as a large city park that will stretch across half of the urban tech space. There will also be a campus for theBerliner Hochschule fur Technik University. Construction is due to begin in 2023, with the first areas opening by
2027.
45．Why did developers come up with Tegel Project?
A．To make room for city gardens. B．To help solve rural living problems.
C．To reuse Tegel airport in a green way. D．To set a good example for future cities.
46．What can we infer from the text?
A．Tegel Project has proven costly.
B．Vertical gardens are built on the rooftop.
C．A city park will be the center of the Tegel airport.
D．The practice of using old airport has been tried before.
47．What does the underlined word “converted” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Transformed. B．Carried. C．Slid. D．Divided.
48．What is the suitable title for the text?
A．Less Is More B．Trash Can Be Treasure
C．Technology Makes a Difference D．Human and Nature Live in Peace
【答案】45．D 46．D 47．A 48．B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了德国柏林的泰格尔机场将被改造成一个生态友好的居住区。
45．细节理解题。根据第一段“The deserted 580 acres will be turned into an eco-friendly living neighborhood
land, in Tegel Project that officials hope will become the blueprint for future disused airports.(在Tegel项目中，这
块580英亩的废弃土地将被改造成一个生态友好的居住区，官员们希望它能成为未来废弃机场的蓝图)”可
知，开发人员提出Tegel项目是为了为未来的城市树立良好的榜样。故选D项。
46．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Although turning an airport into a neighborhood isn’t common, it’s not the
first time it’s happened. When Denver’s main airport moved to a new location, developers made the most out of the
old airport and converted the space into a residential community with important locations like hospitals, schools,
and supermarkets easily reached on foot.(虽然把机场变成社区并不常见，但这并不是第一次发生。当丹佛的
主要机场搬迁到一个新的位置时，开发商充分利用了旧机场，并将其改造成一个住宅社区，其中有医院、
学校和超市等重要地点，步行即可到达)”可推知，使用旧机场的做法以前已经尝试过了。故选D项。
47．词句猜测题。根据前文“Although turning an airport into a neighborhood isn’t common, it’s not the first
time it’s happened.(虽然把机场变成社区并不常见，但这并不是第一次发生)”结合前文内容，本文是在讲述
把废弃的机场改成社区。由此推知，converted应是“改变，转变”之意，和A项意思相近。故选A项。48．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Most old, disused airports are usually torn down to make way for shiny new
developments, although at huge cost, but not Tegel airport, in Berlin, Germany. The deserted 580 acres will be
turned into an eco-friendly living neighborhood land, in Tegel Project that officials hope will become the blueprint
for future disused airports.(大多数旧的、废弃的机场通常会被拆除，为闪亮的新开发项目让路，尽管耗资巨
大，但德国柏林的泰格尔机场却不是这样。在Tegel项目中，这块580英亩的废弃土地将被改造成一个生
态友好的居住区，官员们希望它能成为未来废弃机场的蓝图)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了把废弃
的机场改成社区。由此可知，B项“Trash Can Be Treasure(变废为宝)”是本文最好的标题。故选B项。
（2023上·云南昆明·高三统考期中）
A penny saved is a penny earned. And more and more benny-wise young Chinese are abandoning
consumerism by leading an increasingly frugal (节俭的) life by developing anti-consumerism concepts.
According to a survey by JD．com, nearly 50% of respondents would use all means to save money and more
than 30% plan to become deal-hunters to fit in their budgets. More than 80% of Generation Z Chinese spend less
than 5,000 yuan ($737) a month. When shopping, they care the most about practicability, personal preference and
price, instead of brands, popularity and brand spokesmen.
And more than 600,000 users have joined a group named Frenzied Money Savers on Douban, a popular social
media platform, where members share sometimes extreme ideas, tips, books and everything to save hard-earned
money. For instance, some recommended uninstalling shopping apps such as Taobao, Meituan and Pinduoduo and
installing it each time you really need to buy something so as to hold back the urge to spend. And milk tea, coffee
and takeouts are strongly opposed by many.
Chinese have long established and valued the saving culture with the country’s household savings rate leading
the world. Young Chinese who are born in a relatively prosperous and abundant society have learned to get rid of
the addiction to consumerism and use money in a more sensible and wiser way, which could help create a more
healthy and upbeat social vibe (社会风气), besides reducing the huge waste and damages to the environment
caused by over consumption.
Just as the American writer Theodore Thornton said, the habit of saving is itself an education. Yet saving is
certainly not the final goal, but spending money where it truly deserves helps realize one’s life objectives. To save
and spend wisely are lessons young people all over the world have to learn.
49．Why are more and more young Chinese becoming benny-wise?
A．They tend to accept consumerism. B．They spend money without hesitation.
C．They are shaped by multiple cultures. D．They are in favor of economical life.50．What may Generation Z Chinese tare the most when shopping?
A．Budgets and service. B．Practicability and price.
C．Personal preference and brands. D．Shopping apps and platforms.
51．What message does the author want to convey in Paragraph 4?
A．Anti-consumerism is beneficial to social progress.
B．Saving money can be many people’s life objective.
C．Many social issues mainly result from consumerism.
D．Young Chinese are lucky to be born in a prosperous society.
52．What is the text mainly about?
A．There is no increasing need for consumerism.
B．Old virtue of being frugal is still not outdated.
C．Tips on saving money are important for the young.
D．Consumerism has an impact on economic development.
【答案】49．D 50．B 51．A 52．B
【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了现在越来越多精明的中国年轻人正在摒弃消费主义，过着越来越节俭的生
活。
49．细节理解题。根据第一段“A penny saved is a penny earned. And more and more benny-wise young
Chinese are abandoning consumerism by leading an increasingly frugal (节俭的) life by developing anti-
consumerism concepts.(省一文就是赚一文。越来越多精明的中国年轻人正在摒弃消费主义，通过培养反消
费主义的观念，过着越来越节俭的生活)”可知，是因为他们正在摒弃消费主义，赞成俭朴的生活。故选D
项。
50．细节理解题。根据第二段“More than 80% of Generation Z Chinese spend less than 5,000 yuan ($737) a
month. When shopping, they care the most about practicability, personal preference and price, instead of brands,
popularity and brand spokesmen.(超过80%的Z世代中国消费者每月消费低于人民币5000元(合737美元)。
在购物时，他们最关心的是实用性、个人喜好和价格，而不是品牌、知名度和品牌代言人)”可知，中国Z
世代在购物时最看重实用性、个人喜好和价格。故选B项。
51．推理判断题。根据第四段“Chinese have long established and valued the saving culture with the country’s
household savings rate leading the world. Young Chinese who are born in a relatively prosperous and abundant
society have learned to get rid of the addiction to consumerism and use money in a more sensible and wiser way,
which could help create a more healthy and upbeat social vibe (社会风气), besides reducing the huge waste anddamages to the environment caused by over consumption.(中国人很早就建立并重视储蓄文化，中国的家庭储
蓄率居世界前列。出生在一个相对富裕的社会中的中国年轻人已经学会了摆脱消费瘾，以一种更明智、更
明智的方式使用金钱，这可以帮助创造一个更健康、更乐观的社会氛围，此外还可以减少过度消费造成的
巨大浪费和对环境的破坏)”可知，本段主要讲述摆脱消费瘾，以一种更明智、更明智的方式使用金钱，这
可以帮助创造一个更健康、更乐观的社会氛围，也就是反消费主义有利于社会进步。故选A项。
52．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A penny saved is a penny earned. And more and more benny-wise young
Chinese are abandoning consumerism by leading an increasingly frugal (节俭的) life by developing anti-
consumerism concepts.(省一文就是赚一文。越来越多精明的中国年轻人正在摒弃消费主义，通过培养反消
费主义的观念，过着越来越节俭的生活)”以及最后一段“Just as the American writer Theodore Thornton said,
the habit of saving is itself an education. Yet saving is certainly not the final goal, but spending money where it
truly deserves helps realize one’s life objectives. To save and spend wisely are lessons young people all over the
world have to learn.(正如美国作家西奥多·桑顿所说，储蓄的习惯本身就是一种教育。然而，储蓄当然不是
最终目标，但把钱花在真正值得的地方有助于实现一个人的人生目标。储蓄和明智消费是全世界年轻人必
须学习的课程)”可知，本文主要讲述了越来越多精明的中国年轻人正在摒弃消费主义，过着越来越节俭的
生活，而储蓄和明智消费是全世界年轻人必须学习的课程，所以B项“Old virtue of being frugal is still not
outdated.(节俭的旧美德仍然没有过时)”最能概括文章内容。故选B项。
（2023上·云南昆明·高二云南师大附中校联考期中）
In 1931, Americans were suffering through the Great Depression. It was The Good Earth by Pearl Buck that
brought comfort, the top-selling book that year.
Born into a religious workers’ family in 1892, Pearl Buck left the United States and moved to China with her
parents. Her education began at home with her mother teaching her American school things while a Chinese tutor
taught her other subjects, including writings of Confucius. In 1910, she went back to America to study philosophy.
After graduation, she returned to China and married John Lossing Buck, an agriculture expert, eventually settling
down in a small village in the north of China.
Had it not been for their first child Carol, who had an unusual disease causing her to have trouble learning,
Pearl Buck might never have become a famous writer. The reason was money. She needed it to pay for her
daughter’s care. She recalled why she chose China and its people as the subjects, “If none of you want to write
these wonderful farmers. I will write about them. So, I wrote The Good Earth.”
The Good Earth tells the story of a poor Chinese man named Wang Lung and his wife O-Lan. It recounts how
they work hard and finally make enough money to purchase some land for a farm. They stick to the land even intimes of starvation, themselves begging on the streets. Experiencing ups and downs, Wang finds happiness in
owning land and raising crops. He even forbids his sons to sell the land after his death.
Pearl Buck told her China stories with honesty and Americans were impressed by the new images of the
Chinese totally different from those in Hollywood movies. The book earned Pearl Buck the Pulitzer Prize and was
later adapted into an Oscar-winning movie. In 1938, she became the first American woman to be awarded the
Nobel Prize in Literature.
53．How did Pearl Buck benefit from her education?
A．She thought the best education lay in home.
B．She highly appreciated education in the countryside.
C．She preferred Chinese education to Western education.
D．She gained a lot from a combination of different styles of education.
54．Why did Pearl Buck decide to write books?
A．Some Chinese advised her to do it. B．She was in desperate need of money.
C．She couldn’t bear the boring rural life. D．She desired a good education for her kid.
55．What can we infer from Paragraph 4?
A．Good fortune always favors the characters.
B．Owning land is the lifeline for Chinese farmers.
C．Chinese farmers lead a terribly miserable life.
D．The characters make a fortune by buying and selling land.
56．What is the text mainly about?
A．The moral values of The Good Earth.
B．The fighting spirit of Chinese farmers.
C．A woman writer’s sacrifice to save her ill child.
D．A woman’s great China-themed literary achievements.
【答案】53．D 54．B 55．B 56．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国作家赛珍珠的个人经历、著作《大地》以及取得的成就。
53．细节理解题。根据第二段“Her education began at home with her mother teaching her American school
things while a Chinese tutor taught her other subjects, including writings of Confucius.(她的教育是从家里开始的，
母亲教她美国学校的东西，而一位中国家庭教师教她其他科目，包括孔子的著作)”可知，赛珍珠从不同教
育方式的结合中学到了很多。故选D。
54．细节理解题。根据第三段“Had it not been for their first child Carol, who had an unusual disease causingher to have trouble learning, Pearl Buck might never have become a famous writer. The reason was money.(如果不
是他们的第一个孩子卡罗尔患有一种罕见的疾病，导致她在学习上有困难，赛珍珠可能永远不会成为一个
著名的作家。原因是钱)”可知，赛珍珠决定写书是因为她急需钱。故选B。
55．推理判断题。根据第四段“It recounts how they work hard and finally make enough money to purchase
some land for a farm. They stick to the land even in times of starvation, themselves begging on the streets.
Experiencing ups and downs, Wang finds happiness in owning land and raising crops. He even forbids his sons to
sell the land after his death.(它讲述了他们如何努力工作，最终赚到足够的钱来购买一些土地作为农场。即使
在饥饿的时候，他们也坚守在土地上，自己在街上乞讨。经历了起起落落，王在拥有土地和种植庄稼中找
到了幸福。他甚至禁止他的儿子在他死后卖掉土地)”可推知，拥有土地是中国农民的生命线。故选B。
56．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Pearl Buck told her China stories with honesty and Americans were impressed
by the new images of the Chinese totally different from those in Hollywood movies. The book earned Pearl Buck
the Pulitzer Prize and was later adapted into an Oscar-winning movie. In 1938, she became the first American
woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.(赛珍珠诚实地讲述了她的中国故事，美国人被完全不同于
好莱坞电影中的中国人的新形象所打动。这本书为赛珍珠赢得了普利策奖，后来被改编成奥斯卡获奖电影。
1938年，她成为第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国女性)”结合文章主要讲述了美国作家赛珍珠的个人经历、
著作《大地》以及取得的成就。可知，这篇文章的主要内容是一位女性伟大的中国主题文学成就。故选
D。
（2023上·江苏泰州·高三姜堰中学校考期中）
Researchers have claimed a major step forward in the field of organ transplantation after a monkey survived
for more than two years with a genetically engineered pig kidney.
Scientists have spent decades working out whether animal organs could ever work properly and safely in
humans without them being rejected by the patient’s immune system, but the challenges have proved immense.
For the latest trial, researchers used a gene-editing tool called Crispr to alter genes in Yucatan miniature pigs
before transplanting their kidneys into macaques (猕猴). The modifications altered genes to prevent organ rejection
and remove pig viruses that could potentially be activated in recipients.
Writing in the journal Nature, the scientists describe how 21 monkeys got on after their kidneys were removed
and a single genetically modified pig kidney was implanted. Monkeys typically survived no more than 24 days
when the kidneys were edited to disable three genes that triggered immune rejection. But when the scientists added
seven human genes that reduce blood clotting (结块), inflammation and other immune reactions, the monkeys
survived seven times longer, typically for 176 days. When combined with treatment to restrain the immune system,the researchers report that one monkey survived for more than two years — 758 days — with the transplanted
organ.
Curtis, the chief executive of eGenesis, said the long-term survival of at least some of the monkeys had put
eGenesis on course to satisfy the US Food and Drug Administration requirement to see at least 12 months’ survival
in animals before the team can launch a clinical trial in humans. “We are well on our way there,” Curtis said.
“There simply aren’t enough kidneys to go around. In our opinion it’s the only near-term practicable solution.”
The team uses Yucatan miniature pigs as donors because at maturity their kidneys are roughly the same size of
those in the adult human. In the monkey trial, the kidneys were transplanted at two to three months when the organs
were much smaller.
Prof Tatsuo Kawai, an author on the study at Harvard Medical School, said the scientists expected the
modified pig organs to perform better in humans than monkeys because “they are a better match”.
57．What do researchers do with the Yucatan miniature pigs?
A．They altered their immune systems. B．They changed their genes to prevent rejection.
C．They used them to produce a gene-editing tool. D．They transplanted their
kidneys into human beings.
58．Which of the following statements is true?
A．The 21 monkeys were implanted with a healthy pig kidney.
B．The monkeys usually survived less than 24 days previously.
C．Researchers removed three genes causing immune rejections from the kidneys.
D．Monkeys can survive much longer if their genes are modified property.
59．What’s Curtis’ attitude towards the result of the experiment?
A．Dissatisfied. B．Doubtful. C．Content. D．Indifferent.
60．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．Monkey survives for over two years with a genetically engineered pig kidney.
B．A big breakthrough has been made in the field of organ transplantation.
C．Animal organs can work in an effective way in the bodies of human beings.
D．It’s high time to make some adjustments to human immune system.
【答案】57．B 58．B 59．C 60．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员声称，在器官移植领域取得了重大进展，一只猴子在移植了基因工程
猪肾脏后存活了两年多。文章主要介绍了研究开展的具体过程以及科学家们预计，经过改造的猪器官在人
类身上的表现会比在猴子身上更好，因为“它们更匹配”。57．细节理解题。根据第三段“The modifications altered genes to prevent organ rejection and remove pig
viruses that could potentially be activated in recipients.(这些修改改变了基因，以防止器官排斥，并去除可能在
受体体内被激活的猪病毒)”可知，研究人员修改了尤卡坦迷你猪的基因来防止排斥。故选B。
58．细节理解题。根据第四段“Monkeys typically survived no more than 24 days when the kidneys were edited
to disable three genes that triggered immune rejection.(当对猴子的肾脏进行编辑，使引发免疫排斥的三个基因
失效时，猴子通常存活不超过24天)”可知，B选项“猴子通常存活不到24天”正确。故选B。
59．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段““We are well on our way there,” Curtis said. “There simply aren’t enough
kidneys to go around. In our opinion it’s the only near-term practicable solution.”(柯蒂斯说：“我们正在朝着那
个目标前进。根本没有足够的肾脏。在我们看来，这是近期唯一可行的解决方案。”)”可推知，柯蒂斯对
实验结果的态度是满意。故选C。
60．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Researchers have claimed a major step forward in the field of organ
transplantation after a monkey survived for more than two years with a genetically engineered pig kidney.(研究人
员声称，在器官移植领域取得了重大进展，一只猴子在移植了基因工程猪肾脏后存活了两年多)”结合文章
主要介绍了研究开展的具体过程以及科学家们预计，经过改造的猪器官在人类身上的表现会比在猴子身上
更好，因为“它们更匹配”。可知，这篇文章的主旨是一只猴子用基因改造的猪肾存活了两年多。故选
A。
（2023上·江西宜春·高三江西省丰城中学校考期中）
When it comes to the most famous 20th century painters of the United States, Grandma Moses should be
mentioned, although she did not start painting until she was in her late seventies. As she once said to herself：“I
would never sit back in a rocking chair, waiting for someone to help me.” No one could have had a more active old
age.
She was born on a farm in New York State, one of five boys and five girls. At 12 she left home and was in
domestic service until at 27 she married Thomas Moses, the hired hand of one of her employers. They farmed most
of their lives, first in Virginia and then in New York State, at Eagle Bridge. She had ten children, of whom five
survived; her husband died in 1927.
Grandma Moses painted a little as a child and made embroidery (刺绣) pictures as a hobby, but only changed
to oils in old age because her hands became too stiff (僵硬的) to sew and she still wanted to keep busy and pass the
time. Her pictures were first sold at the local drugstore and at a market and were soon noticed by a businessman
who bought all that she painted. Three of the pictures were exhibited (展览) in the Museum of Modern Art, and in
1940 she had her first exhibition in New York. Between the 1930s and her death, she produced some 2,000 pictures:careful and lively portrayals of the country life she had known for so long, with a wonderful sense of color and
form. “I think really hard till I think of something really pretty, and then I paint it,” she said.
96．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A．An introduction to Moses’s life. B．Moses and her childhood.
C．Moses and her children. D．An introduction to Moses’s marriage.
97．What did Grandma Moses spend most of her life doing?
A．Embroidering. B．Farming C．Nursing. D．Painting.
98．The underlined word “portrayals” in the last paragraph means ________.
A．directions B．stages C．surveys D．Descriptions
99．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Grandma Moses and Her Exhibition B．Grandma Moses: A Woman Pioneer of 20th Century
C．Grandma Moses and Her Pictures D．Grandma Moses: The Best Painter of 20th Century
【答案】96．A 97．B 98．D 99．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国画家摩西奶奶的人生经历和她的画作。
96．主旨大意题。根据第二段“She was born on a farm in New York State, one of five boys and five girls. At 12
she left home and was in domestic service until at 27 she married Thomas Moses, the hired hand of one of her
employers. They farmed most of their lives, first in Virginia and then in New York State, at Eagle Bridge. She had
ten children, of whom five survived; her husband died in 1927. (她出生在纽约州的一个农场，家里有五个男孩
和五个女孩。12岁时，她离开家，做家务，直到27岁嫁给了她的一个雇主的雇工托马斯·摩西。他们一生
中大部分时间都在务农，先是在弗吉尼亚州，然后在纽约州的鹰桥。她有十个孩子，其中五个活了下来；
她的丈夫于1927年去世。)”可知，本段主要讲述摩西原生家庭，不同年龄段成长经历，即她人生的介绍。
故选A。
97．细节理解题。根据第二段“They farmed most of their lives, first in Virginia and then in New York State, at
Eagle Bridge. (他们一生中大部分时间都在务农，先是在弗吉尼亚州，然后是在纽约州的鹰桥。)”可知，摩
西奶奶大半生都在务农。故选B。
98．词义猜测题。根据划线词下文“I think really hard till I think of something really pretty, and then I paint it
(我非常努力地思考，直到我想到一些非常漂亮的东西，然后我把它画出来)”可知，摩西奶奶的画用美妙的
色彩和形式感描述她熟悉已久的乡村生活，故划线词portrayals为“描绘”之意。故选D。
99．主旨大意题。根据第一段“When it comes to the most famous 20th century painters of the United States,
Grandma Moses should be mentioned, although she did not start painting until she was in her late seventies. (说到20世纪美国最著名的画家，就不得不提摩西奶奶，尽管她直到70多岁才开始画画)”结合文章主要介绍了美
国画家摩西奶奶的人生经历和她的画作。故C选项“摩西奶奶和她的画”最符合文章标题。故选C。
