文档内容
【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单
专题41 阅读理解之主旨大意题（练案）解析版
（高考考情+思维导图+真题演练+名校模拟）
目录
一、阅读理解主旨大意题高考考情 P 1
二、阅读理解主旨大意题思维导图 P2
三、阅读理解主旨大意题真题演练 2 篇 P 3
四、阅读理解主旨大意题名校模拟 16 篇 P 6
【名校模拟一：段落大意题】 P 6
【名校模拟二：文章大意题】 P1 2
【名校模拟三：记叙文标题概括题】 P 18
【名校模拟四：说明文标题概括题】 P 25
【名校模拟五：议论文标题概括题】 P 32
【名校模拟四：新闻报道标题概括题】 P 36
一、阅读理解主旨大意题高考考情
2022-2024高考阅读理解考点统计
卷别 细节理解题 主旨大意题 主旨大意题 主旨大意题
2024新课标I卷 9 1 4 1
2024新课标II卷 9 1 4 1
2023新课标I卷 6 1 7 1
2023新课标II卷 6 1 7 1
2022新课标I卷 8 2 4 1
2022新课标II卷 8 2 4 1
2024全国甲卷 7 1 6 1
2023全国甲卷 8 1 5 1
2023全国乙卷 5 1 8 1
2022全国甲卷 8 1 3 3
2022全国乙卷 10 1 3 1
二、阅读理解主旨大意题思维导图三、阅读理解主旨大意题真题演练
【真题演练01】【2023浙江首考】According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solarpanels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals.
But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar
energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much
thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals
to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers
of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site
Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land
and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar
development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of
the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over
the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws
related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness
guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into
a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-
friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
32. What do solar developers often ignore?
A. The decline in the demand for solar energy.
B. The negative impact of installing solar panels.
C. The rising labor cost of building solar farms.
D. The most recent advances in solar technology.
33. What does InSPIRE aim to do?
A. Improve the productivity of local farms.
B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
34. What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4?
A. To conserve pollinators. B. To restrict solar development.
C. To diversify the economy. D. To ensure the supply of energy.
35. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B. Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C. InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D. Solar Farms: A New Development
【答案】32. B33. C34. A35. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型的
农场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。
32.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using
chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar
farms as destroyers of the soil.(通常，他们最终会用小石头填满该地区，并使用化学物质来控制杂草。结果是，许多社区，特别是在农业地区，将太阳能农场视为土壤的破坏者。)”可知，太阳能开发者采用不环
保的方式处理太阳能板安装后产生的问题，导致人们把太阳能农场看作是土壤的破坏者，由此可以推断
开发者在安装太阳能板后忽略了其带来的负面影响。故选B项。
33.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar
development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land.
(InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法，其重点是以对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能
农场。)”可知，InSPIRE采用有好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场，也就是使得太阳能农场更加环保。故
选C项。
34.细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection
and pesticide use.(超过28个州通过了与传粉媒介栖息地保护和农药使用有关的法律。)”可知，这些法律
都是与保护传粉者栖息地和农药使用相关，所以这些法律的目的是保护授粉者。故选A项。
35.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have
transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in
soil improvement and carbon reduction.(在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空
间改造成各种传粉媒介的庇护所，从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放。)”可知，现在的太阳能农场在过去的
几年里已经得到了很大的发展，更重要的是太阳能农场也变得更加的环保，这将是未来发展农业的新趋
势，再结合全文对太阳农场的发展过程的介绍可以判断，本文主题是介绍太阳能农场。故选D项。
【真题演练02】（2022新高考I卷D篇）
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of
some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking,
five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half
the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as
“f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led
by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it
hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws
changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic
period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow
to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world
languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand
years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings
evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the
appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a
complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the
research team.
32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on?
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity.D. Its development.33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
A. It is key to effective communication.
B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
【答案】32. D33. C34. A35. C
【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语
音。
32. D。细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett
noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and "v", were more common in the
languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the
University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.（30 多年前，学者
Charles Hockett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。
现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的Damian Blasi领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因。）”可
知Damian Blasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D。
33. C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of
ancient human adults were aligned，making it hard to produce labiodentals，which are formed by
touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure ,
making it easier to produce such sounds.（他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产
生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发
出这样的声音）”可知，因为古代成年人的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C。
34. A。主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there
was a global change in the sound of world languages after the so Neolithic age, with the use of
“f” and “v”increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still
not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.（对语言数据库的分析也证实，在
新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。
这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现）”可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果
来进一步证明研究结果。故选A。
35. C。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily
remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that
we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,”said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.（研究小组成员Steven Moran说:“自从人类出
现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相
互作用的产物。”）”可知，Steven Moran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C。
四、阅读理解主旨大意题名校模拟
【名校模拟一：段落大意题】
（2024·四川乐山·三模）Another year of record fossil fuel burning leading to record high global
temperatures. Time is running out to solve the climate crisis, and great disasters come near us. You’re probably
used to such headlines, and you may have moments of hopelessness about the future. But can you turn such gloom
(灰暗) messaging of climate crisis into meaningful change? Our recent global study says yes — but the messages
must be used wisely.
In 2019, in his book, David Wallace - Wells painted a terrifying landscape of the suffering awaiting us if we
don’t address climate change, leaving many feeling consumed by fear and helplessness. Not everyone is a fan of
his gloom messaging. Climate scientists like Michael Mann have warned against it , messaging that it can depress
and discourage the public, and lead to further climate inaction. And the title of a new book by Hannah Ritchie
states clearly that it’s Not the End of the World: How We Can Be the First Generation to Build a Sustainable
Planet.
To help figure out the precise impact of climate gloom messaging, we recently completed a large
experiment. Our findings revealed that gloom messaging was highly effective for stimulating climate change
information sharing, like posting on the Internet or social media. Wallace-Wells was right in this aspect. But Mann
and Ritchie were also right. Hearing these messages actually decreased people’s positive behaviors against
environmental pollution — when faced with the enormous messages of the climate crisis, individual -level actions
might seem futile (徒劳的). So gloom messaging can do both things: cause helplessness, discouraging individual-
level action; but also motivate people to spread the word.
Our research also found several other messages that moved the needle on climate change beliefs and
actions. This suggests that understanding how different messages work, and in what contexts, will be critical to
changing beliefs, spreading the word, and motivating action.
1．What message does gloom messaging intend to deliver?
A．The unstoppable tendency to disasters.
B．Disastrous effects of burning fossil fuels.
C．The urgency to deal with climate crisis.
D．Confidence in environmental protection.
2．Why do some climate scientists disagree with Wallace -Wells’ view?A．Because they don’t believe there is severe climate crisis.
B．Because they fear it will lead to more environmental pollution.
C．Because they plan to build a new world in another planet.
D．Because they worry it makes people give up climate actions.
3．How does gloom messaging affect the public according to paragraph 3?
A．It encourages people to fight against climate change.
B．It increases people’s awareness of climate crisis.
C．It has no impact on climate change behaviors.
D．It misleads people into spreading wrong news.
4．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．The lack of solution for inspiring climate actions.
B．Gloom messages’ influences on climate behaviors.
C．The importance of studying different messages’ effects.
D．Right attitudes to climate change beliefs and behaviors.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们常常在媒体看到关于气候的悲观信息，一定要研究这些信息
的影响，建议明智地使用这些信息，把这些信息转变为有益的信息。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Time is running out to solve the climate crisis, and great disasters come
near us.(解决气候危机的时间所剩无几，大灾难近在眼前)”可知，这条令人郁闷的信息本是想告知大家解
决气候问题的迫切性。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 2019, in his book, David Wallace - Wells painted a terrifying landscape
of the suffering awaiting us if we don’t address climate change, leaving many feeling consumed by fear and
helplessness….Climate scientists like Michael Mann have warned against it , messaging that it can depress
and discourage the public, and lead to further climate inaction.(2019 年，大卫•华莱士-威尔斯(David
Wallace - Wells)在他的书中描绘了一幅可怕的景象，如果我们不解决气候变化问题，我们将面临可怕的苦
难，让许多人感到恐惧和无助。…迈克尔•曼等气候科学家对此提出了警告，称这可能会让公众感到沮丧
和气馁，并导致进一步的气候不作为)”可知，这些科学家担心，人们感到绝望而放弃努力，不去积极应对
气候问题。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Our findings revealed that gloom messaging was highly effective for
stimulating climate change information sharing, like posting on the Internet or social media.(我们的研究结
果表明，悲观的信息传递对于刺激气候变化信息共享非常有效，比如在互联网或社交媒体上发帖)”可知，
这条悲观信息提升了人们对于气候问题的危机意识。故选B项。4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Our research also found several other messages that moved the needle on
climate change beliefs and actions. This suggests that understanding how different messages work, and in
what contexts, will be critical to changing beliefs, spreading the word, and motivating action.(我们的研究还
发现了其他一些影响气候变化信念和行动的信息。这表明，理解不同的信息是如何起作用的，以及在什
么情况下起作用，对于改变信念、传播信息和激励行动是至关重要的)”可知，本段表示正确研究理解不同
信息的影响是很重要的。故选C项。
（2024·安徽合肥·模拟预测）“The ant and the zebra” sounds like the title of one of Aesop’s fables (寓
言). Like all good. fables, this one has a moral, which is that human intervention in nature has unpredictable
consequences. Unlike the Greek originals, though, this fable is real.
The story plays out in Laikipia county, Kenya, where the big-headed ants, an invasive (入侵的) species
have gradually been replacing the native acacia ants. As Mr Kamaru, a Kenyan biologist from the University of
Wyoming, and his colleagues report in Science, the an t invasion has triggered a complicated chain of
consequences which has helped zebras at the expense of buffaloes, thus neatly illustrating a phenomenon called
trophic cascade (营养级链).
It works like this. A kind of tree — whistling-thorn trees — provides the ants with shelter and food. The
ants, meanwhile, protect the trees by seeing off the chief threat to them, the local elephants, which are not keen to
eat trees, crawling with biting insects. However, big-headed ants are not so good at keeping the elephants at bay
(陷入困境). The elephants move in and chew the trees, removing much of the area’s cover. That throws the local
lions into confusion, which often use this cover to hide when hunting zebras. To compensate (补偿), the lions
switch to hunting buffaloes, which are more dangerous, but run slower.
Mr Kamaru has put numbers to the process too. In invaded areas, elephants break trees five to seven times
as often as in uninvaded ones. And in those uninvaded places, zebra kills are almost three times as frequent as
those in the invaded ones. Indeed, between 2003 and 2020, as the big-headed ants spread, the proportion (比例) of
local lion kills where the victim was a zebra fell from 67% to 42%. On the contrary, over the same period, the
proportion of buffalo kills rose from zero to 42%. Whether the buffaloes blame the ants for their misfortune, no
one knows.
5．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．How human activities impact nature.
B．What the phenomenon of trophic cascade is.
C．How the big-headed ants invade a county in Kenya.
D．Why the story about different species is significant.
6．Who are the real victims in the chain?A．Lions. B．Buffaloes. C．Elephants. D．Zebras.
7．Why does Mr Kamaru put numbers in his report?
A．To show the results. B．To explain the reasons.
C．To analyze the process. D．To give some examples.
8．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．The Misfortune of Animals B．The Secrets of Nature
C．How Zebras and Ants Become Friends D．How Ants Persuaded Lions to Eat Buffaloes
【答案】5．B 6．B 7．A 8．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了因外来蚂蚁入侵而引发生态系统的一系列连锁反应。
5．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The story plays out in Laikipia county, Kenya, where the big-headed ants,
an invasive (入侵的) species have gradually been replacing the native acacia ants. As Mr Kamaru, a
Kenyan biologist from the University of Wyoming, and his colleagues report in Science, the an t invasion
has triggered a complicated chain of consequences which has helped zebras at the expense of buffaloes, thus
neatly illustrating a phenomenon called trophic cascade (营养级链).(故事发生在肯尼亚的莱基皮亚县，那
里的入侵物种大头蚁已经逐渐取代了本地的金合欢蚁。来自怀俄明大学的肯尼亚生物学家 Kamaru先生
和他的同事们在《科学》杂志上报告说，入侵引发了一系列复杂的后果，以牺牲水牛为代价帮助了斑马
从而巧妙地说明了一种被称为营养级联的现象)”可知，第二段的主要内容是什么是营养级链现象。故选
B。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“To compensate (补偿), the lions switch to hunting buffaloes, which are more
dangerous, but run slower.(为了补偿，狮子转而猎杀水牛，水牛更危险，但跑得更慢)”可知，级链中真正
的受害者是水牛。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Mr Kamaru has put numbers to the process too. In invaded areas,
elephants break trees five to seven times as often as in uninvaded ones. And in those uninvaded places,
zebra kills are almost three times as frequent as those in the invaded ones. Indeed, between 2003 and 2020,
as the big-headed ants spread, the proportion (比例) of local lion kills where the victim was a zebra fell
from67% to 42%. On the contrary, over the same period, the proportion of buffalo kills rose from zero to
42%.(卡马鲁也对这一进程进行了量化。在被入侵的地区，大象破坏树木的频率是未被入侵地区的 5到7
倍。在那些未被入侵的地方，斑马的杀戮频率几乎是入侵地区的三倍。事实上，在2003年至2020年间，
随着大头蚁的蔓延，以斑马为受害者的当地狮子捕杀比例从67%下降到42%。相反，在同一时期，野牛
被杀的比例从零上升到42% )”可知，卡马鲁先生在他的报告中加入了数字是为了展示结果。故选A。
8．主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后一句“Whether the buffaloes blame the ants for their misfortune, no
one knows.(没有人知道水牛是否把它们的不幸归咎于蚂蚁)”并分析全文所描述的自然现象主要脉络：入侵蚂蚁取代当地蚂蚁，使得与当地蚂蚁共生的哨刺树失去保护，大象趁虚而入啃食哨刺树，而因失去哨刺
树的掩护捕猎斑马变得不易，狮子最终转而捕猎速度更慢不费脚程的水牛，可知是因为外来蚂蚁的入侵
最终促使狮子捕猎水牛。因此D项“蚂蚁是如何说服狮子吃水牛的”合适。因为文章是把此故事类比寓
言故事的，因此使用persuade这样的拟人手法是符合的。故选D。
（2024·黑龙江·三模）American companies have learned to love renewable resources. Now, they are
beginning to get involved in next-generation climate solutions.
An advanced geothermal(地热的) project supported by Google began generating electricity last week, a big
step in seeking for technology that can affordably fill gaps in wind and solar generation with carbon-free power.
The pilot project in northern Nevada uses drilling and fracking(水力压裂法) techniques employed by the oil and
gas industry to get heat from Earth to generate power.
Geothermal technology has long been viewed as a potential way to tap the natural heat of Earth to make
carbon-free power. But it has traditionally been limited to locations where there are natural underground lakes of
hot water, which are hard to access. In 2021, geothermal energy accounted for less than half a percent of
America's power generation.
Fervo Energy, a Houston-based startup gives an answer-to use drilling and fracking techniques
In Nevada, the company drilled two wells to a depth of about 8,000 feet and then extended them
horizontally(水平地) for more than 3,000 feet. Then Fervo injected(注入) cold water under high pressure to cause
the rock between the wells to be fracked, creating fractures(裂缝). Water is then pumped into the first well,
absorbing heat as it flows through the fractures and returning to the surface via the second well at temperatures
high enough to make steam and spin an engine.
The project represents a convergence of two companies’ climate ambitions. Fervo had sought to apply
advances in oil and gas drilling to geothermal technology. But finding financing to prove that the company's
technology worked was a challenge. Luckily for Fervo, Google had just started reconsidering it; approach to clean
energy around the time when Fervo was looking to test its technology.
“The demand for clean, firm power is so urgent, especially now,” said Gabriel Malek, chief of staff at
Fervo. “And we're recognizing that the geothermal project is one workable option available to us. It is promising,
actually.
9．What is the problem with geothermal energy?
A．It is in little demand. B．It still produces CO .
2
C．It is not easy to employ. D．It is rarely seen on Earth
10．What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A．How drilling and fracking techniques come.B．How natural heat on Earth comes into being.
C．Fervo's solution to pollution caused by energy.
D．Fervo's approach to harvesting geothermal energy.
11．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “convergence” in paragraph 6?
A．Source. B．Barrier. C．Combination. D．Shift.
12．What do Gabriel Malek's words suggest?
A．His company has self-funded the project.
B．He is hopeful about the geothermal project.
C．He promises to provide clean power for free.
D．His company cooperates with many businesses.
【答案】9．C 10．D 11．C 12．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了谷歌支持的一个先进地热项目上周开始发电，这是在寻找技
术方面迈出的一大步，该技术可以用无碳能源填补风能和太阳能发电的空白。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段“Geothermal technology has long been viewed as a potential way to tap the
natural heat of Earth to make carbon-free power. But it has traditionally been limited to locations where
there are natural underground lakes of hot water, which are hard to access. In 2021, geothermal energy
accounted for less than half a percent of America's power generation.”（长期以来，地热技术一直被视为
利用地球自然热能制造无碳电力的潜在途径。但传统上，它仅限于那些有天然地下热水湖的地方，这些
地下热水湖很难进入。2021年，地热能占美国发电量的比例不到0.5%。）可知，地热能的问题是很难使
用。故选C项。
10．主旨大意题。根据第五段“In Nevada, the company drilled two wells to a depth of about 8,000 feet
and then extended them horizontally(水平地) for more than 3,000 feet. Then Fervo injected(注入) cold
water under high pressure to cause the rock between the wells to be fracked, creating fractures(裂缝).
Water is then pumped into the first well, absorbing heat as it flows through the fractures and returning to
the surface via the second well at temperatures high enough to make steam and spin an engine.”（在内华达
州，该公司钻了两口井，深度约为8000英尺，然后将其水平延伸至3000多英尺。然后，Fervo在高压下
注入冷水，使井间的岩石破裂，形成裂缝。然后，水被泵入第一口井，在流经裂缝时吸收热量，并在足
够高的温度下通过第二口井返回地面，产生蒸汽并旋转发动机。）可知，第五段主要讲的是Fervo收集地
热能的方法。故选D项。
11．词句猜测题。根据第六段中“Fervo had sought to apply advances in oil and gas drilling to geothermal
technology. But finding financing to prove that the company's technology worked was a challenge. Luckily
for Fervo, Google had just started reconsidering it; approach to clean energy around the time when Fervowas looking to test its technology.”（Fervo曾试图将石油和天然气钻探方面的进展应用于地热技术。但寻
找资金来证明该公司的技术是可行的，这是一个挑战。对Fervo来说幸运的是，谷歌刚刚开始重新考虑；
在Fervo想要测试自己的技术的时候，他们就开始尝试清洁能源。）可知，提到Fervo和谷歌这两家公司
的技术上的互动和结合，由此可知，此处表示该项目体现了两家公司在气候方面雄心的融合。故可猜测
划线单词convergence为“融合，结合”的意思，和C项Combination“联合，组合”意思一致。故选C
项。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段““The demand for clean, firm power is so urgent, especially now,” said
Gabriel Malek, chief of staff at Fervo. “And we're recognizing that the geothermal project is one workable
option available to us. It is promising, actually.”（“对清洁、稳定的电力的需求非常迫切，尤其是现
在，”Fervo的参谋长加布里埃尔·马雷克说。“我们认识到地热项目对我们来说是一个可行的选择。实
际上，它很有前途。）可推知，加布里埃尔·马雷克的话暗示了他对地热项目充满希望。故选B项。
【名校模拟二：文章大意题】
（2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）When he flagged me down, I thought he was an elder collecting a “customs
fee”, the few dollars it costs to use village roads that lead to many of Samoa’s sights. He’d been sitting lazily in a
greying roadside shack (棚子) built for such occasions. Normally I wouldn’t pick up a free rider. But I tried to live
out a dream.
I’d wanted to go to Pulemelei Mound since I’d heard it mentioned in an archaeology class years ago. The
“mound” is actually a pyramid 40 feet high and roughly 200 feet across at its base. So, I asked, “Do you know
how to get to Pulemelei Mound?”
“Mmm,” he said, raising his eyebrows in the classic Polynesian gesture for “yes”. “I need to pick up my car
at the mechanic but no hurry, I’ll take you there first if you want.”
You’d think that a giant pyramid would be a major sight, or at least something many people had heard of,
but it isn’t. My accidental friend’s raise of the eyebrows was the most promising prospect I’d had in a week.
We drove along the road in silence for a few minutes. Then my new friend broke the silence and,
meanwhile, my hopes. “I’ve never been to Pulemelei,” he said. “I’ve lived here but I never thought of going.” My
heart sank. But we pressed on, crossing a stream, walking through waist-high grass, and then another mile of hot
walk until we found a sign. There, barely visible, were the words: “Pulemelei Mound 150m”. The sign marked a
dark tunnel of jungle. Then the path opened to rays of sunshine. We climbed. And then, magic. We were standing
on top of a Polynesian pyramid.
Just then, my friend, obviously awed by what he saw, turned toward me, and placed his big Samoan hands
on my shoulders. In the most natural way, he bent down and kissed me gently on the cheek.
“Thank you,” he said.1．What’s the purpose of the Samoan man flagging me down?
A．To thumb a ride. B．To ask for directions.
C．To collect a customs fee. D．To warn of a road accident.
2．Which of the following words can best describe the author?
A．Informed but rigid. B．Hesitant but agreeable.
C．Skeptical and reserved. D．Curious and adventurous.
3．Why did the Samoan man thank the author in the end?
A．He had lived out his dream. B．He was taken to the mechanic.
C．He enjoyed the author’s company. D．He experienced the thrill of discovery.
4．What is the passage mainly about?
A．A Polynesian village. B．A famous Samoan sight.
C．A chance encounter. D．An elder protecting local roads.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和一位搭顺风车的老人一起前往普莱梅利丘的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“When he flagged me down, I thought he was an elder collecting a “customs
fee”, the few dollars it costs to use village roads that lead to many of Samoa’s sights. He’d been sitting lazily
in a greying roadside shack (棚子) built for such occasions. Normally I wouldn’t pick up a free rider.(当他
向我招手时，我还以为他是来收取“海关费”的长者，也就是使用通往萨摩亚许多景点的乡村道路所需
的几美元。他一直懒洋洋地坐在路边为这种场合而建的灰暗棚屋里。通常情况下，我不会载上一个免费
搭车的人)”可知，萨摩亚人拦“我”的目的是搭顺风车。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“I’d wanted to go to Pulemelei Mound since I’d heard it mentioned in an
archaeology class years ago. The “mound” is actually a pyramid 40 feet high and roughly 200 feet across at
its base.(自从几年前在考古学课上听到有人提到普莱梅利丘，我就一直想去那里。这个“土墩”实际上是
一个40英尺高，底部大约200英尺宽的金字塔)”可知，作者在考古学课上知道了普莱梅利丘这个地方，
于是就前往，说明作者爱冒险；根据倒数第三段“But we pressed on, crossing a stream, walking through
waist-high grass, and then another mile of hot walk until we found a sign. There, barely visible, were the
words: “Pulemelei Mound 150m”. The sign marked a dark tunnel of jungle. Then the path opened to rays
of sunshine. We climbed. And then, magic. We were standing on top of a Polynesian pyramid.(但我们继续
前进，穿过一条小溪，穿过齐腰高的草地，又走了一英里，直到我们发现了一个标志。在那里，几乎看
不见的是这样的字样：“150米高的普莱梅利丘”。标志标明丛林中有一条黑暗的隧道。然后，小路被阳
光照亮了。我们爬上去。然后，神奇的一幕。我们站在波利尼西亚金字塔的顶端)”可知，作者是个好奇和
爱冒险的人。故选D。3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Just then, my friend, obviously awed by what he saw, turned toward
me, and placed his big Samoan hands on my shoulders. In the most natural way, he bent down and kissed
me gently on the cheek.(就在这时，我的朋友显然被他所看到的吓住了，他转向我，把他那双萨摩亚式的
大手放在我的肩膀上。他以最自然的方式弯下腰，轻轻地吻了我的脸颊)”可知，萨摩亚人最后感谢作者因
为他经历了发现的快感。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。根据第四段“My accidental friend’s raise of the eyebrows was the most promising
prospect I’d had in a week.(我那位偶然的朋友扬起了眉毛，这是一个星期以来我遇到的最有希望的事情)”
结合文章主要讲述了作者和一位搭顺风车的老人一起前往普莱梅利丘的故事。可知，这篇文章主要讲的
是一次偶然的相遇。故选C。
（2024·重庆·三模）Urban agriculture, the practice of farming within the limits of a city, is becoming
increasingly popular worldwide and is considered a way to make cities and urban food systems more sustainable.
Despite strong evidence of the social and nutritional benefits of urban agriculture, its carbon footprint remains
understudied.
Most previously published studies have focused on high-tech, energy-intensive forms of urban agriculture
—such as vertical (垂直的) farms and rooftop greenhouses. The new study aimed to fill some of the knowledge
gaps by comparing the carbon footprints of food produced at low-tech urban agriculture sites to conventional
crops.
The researchers calculated the greenhouse gas emissions (排放) associated with on-farm materials and
activities over the lifetime of the farm. The emissions, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalents per
serving of food, were then compared to foods raised by conventional methods.
Farmers and gardeners at urban agriculture sites across the world were employed to use daily diary entries
to take down inputs—the materials used to construct farms and cultivate crops—and harvests from their food-
growing sites throughout the 2019 season.
“By assessing actual inputs and outputs on urban agriculture sites, we were able to determine climate
change impacts to each serving of produce,” says study co-lead author Benjamin Goldstein, assistant professor in
the School for Environment and Sustainability. On average, food produced through urban agriculture released 0.42
kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalents per serving, six times higher than the 0.07 kg CO e per serving of
2
conventionally grow n produce.
It’s also found that most of the climate impacts at urban farms are driven by the infrastructure (基础设施),
such as the raised beds in which food is grown, or pathways between plots. “These farms typically only operate
for a few years, so the greenhouse gases used to produce those materials are not used effectively. Conventionalagriculture, instead, is very efficient and hard to compete with”, Goldstein says. For example, conventional farms
often grow a single crop with the help of pesticides and fertilizers, resulting in larger harvests and a reduced
carbon footprint when compared to urban farms, he says.
5．What is a benefit of urban agriculture?
A．Sustainable food supply. B．High food output.
C．Effective energy conservation. D．Low carbon footprint.
6．How is the research data collected?
A．By accessing online database. B．By examining previous studies.
C．By conducting personal interviews. D．By recording information every day.
7．What could be done to reduce carbon footprint according to Goldstein?
A．Increase varieties of crops. B．Extend infrastructure lifetimes.
C．Promote rooftop greenhouses. D．Use modern agriculture facilities.
8．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The benefits of traditional crops. B．The popularity of urban agriculture.
C．The strategies to fight global warming. D．The carbon footprint of urban farm produce.
【答案】5．A 6．D 7．B 8．D
【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于城市农场产品的碳足迹的研究。研究发现，城市农场
产品的碳足迹比传统农场碳足迹高很多，同时探讨了解决方案。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Urban agriculture, the practice of farming within the limits of a city, is
becoming increasingly popular worldwide and is considered a way to make cities and urban food systems
more sustainable.(城市农业，即在城市范围内耕种的做法，在世界范围内越来越受欢迎，被认为是使城市
和城市粮食系统更具可持续性的一种方式)”可知，城市农业的一个好处是能让城市和城市粮食系统更具有
可持续性，故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段“Farmers and gardeners at urban agriculture sites across the world were
employed to use daily diary entries to take down inputs—the materials used to construct farms and
cultivate crops—and harvests from their food-growing sites throughout the 2019 season.(在2019年的整个
季节，世界各地的城市农业站点的农民和园丁都被雇佣使用每日日记条目来记录投入——用于建造农场
和种植作物的材料——以及他们的食物种植站点的收成)”可知，该研究收集数据的方式是让农民和园丁用
日记条目的方式记录城市农场的投入与产出，故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“These farms typically only operate for a few years, so the greenhouse
gases used to produce those materials are not used effectively.(这些农场通常只经营几年，因此用于生产这
些材料的温室气体没有得到有效利用)”可知，降低城市农场农产品的碳足迹需要充分利用基础设施设备，即延长使用年限，故选B。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Urban agriculture, the practice of farming within the limits of a city, is
becoming increasingly popular worldwide and is considered a way to make cities and urban food systems
more sustainable. Despite strong evidence of the social and nutritional benefits of urban agriculture, its
carbon footprint remains understudied.(城市农业，即在城市范围内耕种的做法，在世界范围内越来越受
欢迎，被认为是使城市和城市粮食系统更具可持续性的一种方式。尽管有强有力的证据表明城市农业的
社会和营养效益，但其碳足迹仍未得到充分研究)”结合文章主要介绍了一项关于城市农场产品的碳足迹的
研究。研究发现，城市农场产品的碳足迹比传统农场碳足迹高很多，同时探讨了解决方案。即这篇文章
主要讲的是城市农产品的碳足迹。故选D。
（2024·重庆九龙坡·二模）Finland’s system for returning drink containers started in the 1950s, and today
almost every bottle and can is recycled. Convenience is the cornerstone of the system’s success.
Nowadays there are almost 5,000 container-return machines across Finland. Most of them are located in the
same shops that sell drinks, making returning them a convenient part of people’s routine. Hotels, restaurants,
offices, schools and event organizers return containers through their drink providers.
The return machines are easy to use. You place a bottle or can on a set of mini conveyor belts at the front of
the machine. They carry it past a scanner and out of sight. The machine sorts the bottles and crushes the cans.
When you’re done, you press a button and the machine gives you a receipt. Plastic bottles are worth 20 to 40
cents, depending on their size, while glass bottles are worth 10 to 40 cents and aluminium (铝) cans are 15 cents.
The returned containers are recycled or the materials are reused. Across Finland, on average, every Finn returns
373 items in a year: 251 aluminium cans, 98 plastic bottles and 24 glass bottles.
The government has entrusted this function to the private agency. “Palpa is completely nonprofit and
receives no government funding,” says Tommi Vihavainen, Palpa’s director of producer services, ICT and
communication.
Russia, the UK and other countries have shown interest in the Finnish system. “Most visitors want to see
how the return system works in Finland,” says Vihavainen. “We don’t act as consultants, but we’re proud to
present our system.”
9．What do we know about Finland’s system for returning drink containers?
A．It still has a long way to develop. B．It gains popularity for its convenience.
C．It used to be fashionable but now out-dated. D．It’s supported financially by the government.
10．Why does the writer use the figures in paragraph 3?
A．To show Finns consume various drinks. B．To help make the story more interesting.
C．To make the impact of the system convincing.D．To guarantee the proper logic of the passage.11．What’s Vihavainen’s attitude towards the return system?
A．Indifferent. B．Positive. C．Pessimistic. D．Dismissive.
12．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Finland’s recycling programme keeps bottles off streets.
B．The return machines in the world are popular and easy.
C．Palpa—a complete nonprofit to recycle the bottles.
D．Finland—a country free of waste such as bottles.
【答案】9．B 10．C 11．B 12．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了芬兰的饮料容器回收系统因为其方便而受到欢迎，介绍了其
工作原理以及人们对此的看法。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“Convenience is the cornerstone of the system’s success.(便利是该系统成功
的基石)”可知，芬兰的饮料容器回收系统因其方便而受到欢迎。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段“The returned containers are recycled or the materials are reused. Across
Finland, on average, every Finn returns 373 items in a year: 251 aluminium cans, 98 plastic bottles and 24
glass bottles.(回收的容器被回收或材料被再利用。在芬兰，平均每个芬兰人每年要退回373件物品：251
个铝罐、98个塑料瓶和24个玻璃瓶)”推知，作者在第三段使用这些数字是为了使该系统的影响具有说服
力。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“We don’t act as consultants, but we’re proud to present our system. (我
们不充当顾问，但我们很自豪地展示我们的系统)”可知，Vihavainen对回收制度的态度是积极的。故选
B。
12．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段“Finland’s system for returning drink containers started in
the 1950s, and today almost every bottle and can is recycled. Convenience is the cornerstone of the system’s
success.(芬兰的饮料容器回收系统始于20世纪50年代，如今几乎所有的瓶子和罐头都被回收利用。便利
是该系统成功的基石)”可知，这篇文章主要讲的是芬兰的回收项目让瓶子远离街道。故选A。
【名校模拟三：记叙文标题概括题】
（2024·陕西榆林·模拟预测）In spring 1955, Rosalynn Carter was doing what she had been avoiding
since she married Jimmy Carter: keeping house and raising children in the same tiny town where they grew up.
But her husband called for help from his family’s farm one day and said that he couldn’t manage the farm
on his own. So Rosalynn Carter gathered their sons and returned to the tiny town. Soon she was managing
finances and handling customers. “Finally, I got used to our new life and knew more about the business than he
did, and he would take my advice about things,” Rosalynn Carter told The Associated Press in 2021.
Their marriage was almost a decade old when she went to the farm, but that was perhaps the true beginningof a partnership that helped Jimmy Carter win the Georgia governor’s office in 1970 and then the White House in
1976. Six years later, they co-founded The Carter Center and committed themselves to charity work for four
decades in more than 145 countries, where many children, now adults, were named Jimmy or Rosalynn or Carter.
Along that path was a small-town love story that included 77 years of marriage and two decades of family
friendship before that. Their shared journey ended on November 19, 2023, with Rosalynn’s death at the age of 96.
“It’s hard to think of one of them without the other,” said Jill Stuckey, a longtime friend who saw the couple
often during Rosalynn Carter’s last months. “When Jimmy was president. she even attended all White House
meetings and discussed what she heard with him at home. They had nightly phone calls when they traveled
separately.”
“Rosalynn was my equal partner in everything I ever accomplished.” Jimmy Carter said in a statement
released upon her death. “She gave me wise guidance and encouragement when I needed it. As long as Rosalynn
was in the world, I always knew somebody loved and supported me.”
1．How did Rosalynn Carter probably feel when she was asked to work on the farm?
A．Interested. B．Unconcerned. C．Proud. D．Unwilling.
2．What did the Carters do in the early 1980s?
A．They bought a new farm in a small town.
B．They ran for the Georgia governor’s office.
C．They started to do charity work in the world.
D．They traveled in different countries as tourists.
3．What did Jill Stuckey say about the Carters?
A．Rosalynn Carter was an ambitious woman.
B．The couple were very attached to each other.
C．Jimmy Carter was not a qualified president.
D．They should not share the secret information.
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．Young Rosalynn and Jimmy Carter’s Love Stories
B．The World’s Responses to Rosalynn Carter’s Death
C．The Close Bond Between Rosalynn and Jimmy Carter
D．The Lasting Relationship Between the Carters’ Families
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了罗莎琳•卡特与吉米•卡特长达77年的婚姻生活及其对他们共同
事业的贡献。1．推理判断题。根据第一段“In spring 1955, Rosalynn Carter was doing what she had been avoiding
since she married Jimmy Carter: keeping house and raising children in the same tiny town where they
grew up.(1955年春天，罗莎琳•卡特做了自嫁给吉米•卡特以来一直避免做的事情：在他们长大的同一个
小镇打理家务，抚养孩子)”和第二段中罗莎琳•卡特的话“Finally, I got used to our new life(最后，我习惯
了我们的新生活)”可推知，当罗莎琳•卡特被要求在农场工作时，她是不情愿的。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Their marriage was almost a decade old when she went to the farm, but
that was perhaps the true beginning of a partnership that helped Jimmy Carter win the Georgia governor’s
office in 1970 and then the White House in 1976. Six years later, they co-founded The Carter Center and
committed themselves to charity work for four decades in more than 145countries... (当她去农场的时候，
他们的婚姻已经将近十年了，但这可能是他们合作关系的真正开始，帮助吉米•卡特在 1970年赢得了乔
治亚州州长的职位，然后在1976年赢得了白宫。六年后，他们共同创立了卡特中心，并在超过145个国
家从事了40年的慈善工作)”可知，卡特夫妇在20世纪80年代早期开始在世界各地做慈善工作。故选C
项。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中吉尔•斯塔基的话“It’s hard to think of one of them without the other,(很难
想象他们分开的样子)”和“When Jimmy was president. she even attended all White House meetings and
discussed what she heard with him at home. They had nightly phone calls when they traveled separately.(吉
米当总统的时候。她甚至参加了所有的白宫会议，并在家里与他讨论她听到的内容。他们分开旅行时，
每晚都有电话联系)”可知，吉尔•斯塔基说卡特夫妇相亲相爱，彼此很亲密。故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段中“Along that path was a small-town love story that included 77
years of marriage and two decades of family friendship before that. Their shared journey ended on
November 19, 2023, with Rosalynn’s death at the age of 96. (沿着这条道路，是一个小镇爱情故事，包括77
年的婚姻和20年的家庭友谊。他们共同的旅程于2023年11月19日结束，罗莎琳去世，享年96岁)”和第
四段中““It’s hard to think of one of them without the other,” said Jill Stuckey, a longtime friend who saw
the couple often during Rosalynn Carter’s last months. “When Jimmy was president. she even attended all
White House meetings and discussed what she heard with him at home. They had nightly phone calls when
they traveled separately.”(罗莎琳•卡特的老朋友吉尔•斯塔基在罗莎琳•卡特去世的最后几个月里经常见到
这对夫妇，她说：“很难想象他们分开的样子。吉米当总统的时候。她甚至参加了所有的白宫会议，并
在家里与他讨论她听到的内容。当他们分开旅行时，他们每晚都会打电话。”)”可知，文章讲述了罗莎
琳•卡特与吉米•卡特长达77年的婚姻生活和亲密的关系，故“The Close Bond Between Rosalynn and
Jimmy Carter (罗莎琳和吉米•卡特的亲密关系)”是文章最佳标题。故选C项。
（2024·山东菏泽·模拟预测）Ten years ago, Kristin Schell and her family moved to a new home inAustin, Texas. She tried to connect with her new neighbors by hosting reading activities and playgroups. But those
activities required planning ahead and arranging schedules, not to mention cooking and cleaning.
One day, Kristin needed backyard furniture for a party and bought a few picnic tables from Lowe’s. The
delivery driver set one table down in her front yard by mistake. After the party, Kristin painted the table turquoise
(绿松石色) and put it in the front yard, just a few feet from the sidewalk.
That turquoise table became the place where Kristin and her kids hung out. For activities they used to do at
the kitchen table, they now did out front at the picnic table. They played games, did crafts and ate snacks. “We got
intentional about where we spent our time,” Kristin says. “We became ‘front yard people.’ Neighbors began to
stop by to introduce themselves and sit down for a chat. The turquoise table was inviting and we had a shared
feel.”
Construction workers in the neighborhood took their lunch breaks at the table. A babysitter walking by with
her young child sat down to rest. Then neighbors told Kristi their family could put a picnic table in their front yard
too. Soon “The Turquoise Table”was born, a movement of ordinary people who want to gather right in their own
front yards.
“At the picnic table, all we have to do is show up. People’s greatest need is to know that they are loved and
that they belong,” Kristin says. She likes how it enables her to take a small step toward building relationships in
her community.
A decade after their Texas beginnings, thousands of Turquoise Tables exist in all 50 states and in 13
countries in the world. Not all of them are actually turquoise. Texas Christian University in Fort Worth has several
purple tables to match their team colors, for example. “No matter what color it is, it’s a friendship table,” Kristin
says.
5．Why did Kristin host activities when she moved to a new home?
A．To promote the community service. B．To make plans for community events.
C．To build good relationship with neighbors. D．To help neighbors with cooking and cleaning.
6．How did the turquoise table change Kristin’s family?
A．They started staying indoors more time.
B．They became more private and superior.
C．They began to spend more time outside together.
D．They stopped hosting reading activities and playgroups.
7．Why would people like to join in the Turquoise Table movement?
A．To spread the color turquoise. B．To improve communication skills.
C．To start a business selling picnic tables. D．To create community connections in front yards.8．What is the best title for the text?
A．Turquoise—A Color That Can Match All the Tables
B．Everyday Greatness—Tables Where All Are Welcome
C．The Turquoise Table—A Worldwide Movement on Picnic
D．Community Gathering Activities—People’s Greatest Need
【答案】5．C 6．C 7．D 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述一张错放在前院的餐桌的故事，它吸引更多人在此逗留，邻居纷
纷效仿该做法，世界各地也都有了这种友好的餐桌。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Ten years ago, Kristin Schell and her family moved to a new home in
Austin, Texas. She tried to connect with her new neighbors by hosting reading activities and playgroups.(十
年前，Kristin Schell和她的家人搬到了德克萨斯州奥斯汀的新家。她试图通过举办阅读活动和游戏小组
来与新邻居建立联系)”可知，Kristin Schell和她的家人搬到新家后，她试图通过举办阅读活动和游戏小组
与邻居建立联系，由此可知，Kristin搬到新家后举办活动是为了与邻居搞好关系。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“That turquoise table became the place where Kristin and her kids hung
out. For activities they used to do at the kitchen table, they now did out front at the picnic table. They
played games, did crafts and ate snacks. (那张绿松石桌子成了Krisan和她的孩子们玩耍的地方。因为他
们以前在厨房餐桌上做的活动。他们现在在外面的野餐桌上做。他们玩游戏，做手工，吃零食)”可知，
Krisan和她的孩子们现在经常在外面的餐桌上做一些活动，由此可知，绿松石色的桌子改变了 Kristin一
家，他们开始更多地待在户外。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段“Construction workers in the neighborhood took their lunch breaks at the
table. A babysitter walking by with her young child sat down to rest. Then neighbors told Kristi their family
could put a picnic table in their front yard too. Soon “The Turquoise Table” was born, a movement of
ordinary people who want to gather right in their own front yards.(附近的建筑工人在餐桌上吃午饭。一个
带着小孩的保姆路过，坐下来休息。后来，邻居们告诉 Kristi，他们家也可以在前院放一张野餐桌。不久，
“绿松石桌”诞生了，这是一场普通人想要在自家前院聚会的运动)”可知，建筑工人在餐桌旁午休，保姆
带着年幼的孩子坐下来休息，邻居们也打算在前院放一张野餐桌，很快，绿松石桌活动诞生了，结合第
五段中的“She likes how it enables her to take a small step toward building relationships in her
community.(她喜欢它能让她在社区中建立关系迈出一小步)”可知，Kristin很高兴一张野餐桌让她朝着建
立社区联系迈出一小步，由此推断，人们纷纷加入绿松石餐桌运动是为了在自己的前院创建社群联系。
故选D项。
8．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Ten years ago, Kristin Schell and her family moved to a new home in
Austin, Texas. She tried to connect with her new neighbors by hosting reading activities and playgroups.(十年前，Kristin Schell和她的家人搬到了德克萨斯州奥斯汀的新家。她试图通过举办阅读活动和游戏小组
来与新邻居建立联系)”可知，Kristin和家人搬到了德克萨斯州奥斯汀的新家后，想通过一些活动与新邻
居建立联系，结合下文中的介绍的Kristin偶然在前院放了一张绿松石色的桌子，吸引更多人在此逗留，
邻居纷纷效仿该做法，世界各地也都有了这种友好的餐桌的故事，由此推断，所以标题“日常的伟大
——欢迎所有人的餐桌”与文本内容一致，适合作文章标题。故选B项。
（2024·江西九江·一模）When Rony Rolando Herrera was a young boy, he was abandoned by his father,
and his mother gave everything she had to raise Rony and his three brothers. Thankfully, Rony’s support did not
end with his mother. Through a nonprofit, Rony was enrolled in a child protection program that redetermined his
life path. Now, Rony is dedicated to doing the same for the children in his school.
Rony is a science teacher and director of a primary school in San Jose del Cacao, a rural community where
hardship, tradition and poverty prevent education from being a priority. “The customs of these communities are
from past civilizations and focus on working the land,not developing psychologically or intellectually,” Rony
explained.
The barriers to education are most harmful to the most vulnerable, including young girls. As a teacher, it
was not uncommon to see his female students, as young as 13 years old, drop out of school. “They are not
empowered to know their rights or to continue with their education. They don’t know that they can change the
failed system in their communities that believe women’s only purpose is to reproduce, do laundry and cook,”
Rony said.
By joining the program PREVENIR, students at Rony’s school are given the opportunity to receive a more
comprehensive education that aims to reduce the risks outside of the classroom. Rony elaborates that, “the
educational process must be comprehensive. In addition to learning about things like science or biology, children
need to know their rights and basic life skills.”
Rony calls himself a “dreamer” and now carries the love he received from both his mother and the
humanitarian workers who supported him. He stated, “This type of support changes lives,” and added that even if
out of 140 students, only one is impacted, he knows this impact will carry over to future generations, just as it did
for him.
9．What really changed Rony’s life?
A．His miserable childhood. B．His joining in a program.
C．His living circumstances. D．His mother’s expectations.
10．What can we learn about San Jose del Cacao?
A．The people are intelligent.
B．Traditions are not well-received.C．Education there is a priority.
D．People there live a conservative life.
11．Which can best describe Rony?
A．Reliable and determined. B．Humble and supportive.
C．Sympathetic and grateful. D．Generous and responsible.
12．Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A．Education Provide Chances for Girls
B．A Teacher’s Big Dream Changes Lives
C．Nonprofits Play a Vital Role in Education
D．Protecting Children Requires Intervention
【答案】9．B 10．D 11．C 12．B
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，本文讲述了罗尼在小时候收到了非盈利组织的帮助，改变了人生，在他成
为老师后，又将这种爱和支持同样传递给孩子们，希望改变他们的人生的故事。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Through a nonprofit, Rony was enrolled in a child protection program
that redetermined his life path.(通过一个非营利组织，罗尼参加了一个儿童保护项目，这重新决定了他的
人生道路)”可知，罗尼加入一个儿童保护项目后，改变了自己的人生道路。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Rony is a science teacher and director of a primary school in San Jose
del Cacao, a rural community where hardship, tradition and poverty prevent education from being a
priority. “The customs of these communities are from past civilizations and focus on working the land,not
developing psychologically or intellectually,” Rony explained.(Rony是San Jose del Cacao的一名科学教师
和一所小学的主任，在这个农村社区，艰苦、传统和贫困阻碍了教育成为优先考虑的事情。Rony解释说:
“这些社区的习俗来自过去的文明，专注于耕种土地，而不是心理或智力的发展。”)”可推知，San Jose
del Cacao的人们仍然过着保守的生活。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Through a nonprofit, Rony was enrolled in a child protection
program that redetermined his life path. Now, Rony is dedicated to doing the same for the children in his
school.(通过一个非营利组织，罗尼参加了一个儿童保护项目，这重新决定了他的人生道路。现在，罗尼
致力于为他学校的孩子们做同样的事情)”和下文描述的Rony看到该地的学生遭遇及文章最后一段“Rony
calls himself a “dreamer” and now carries the love he received from both his mother and the humanitarian
workers who supported him.(罗尼称自己是一个“梦想家”，现在背负着来自母亲和支持他的人道主义工
作者的爱)”可推知，罗尼收到了非盈利组织的帮助，改变了人生，在他成为老师后，又将这种爱和支持同
样传递给孩子们，所以他是有同情心和感恩之心的。故选C。
12．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Through a nonprofit, Rony was enrolled in a child protectionprogram that redetermined his life path. Now, Rony is dedicated to doing the same for the children in his
school.(通过一个非营利组织，罗尼参加了一个儿童保护项目，这重新决定了他的人生道路。现在，罗尼
致力于为他学校的孩子们做同样的事情)”及全文内容可知，本文讲述了罗尼在小时候收到了非盈利组织的
帮助，改变了人生，在他成为老师后，又将这种爱和支持同样传递给孩子们，希望改变他们的人生。B选
项“一位教师的伟大的梦想改变了生活”符合本文主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选B。
【名校模拟四：说明文标题概括题】
（2024·安徽黄山·二模）Living in a city, you may face fewer parking spaces, more pollution, less
personal space, and more traffic and noise, all of which contribute to higher stress levels, often translating to
aggression (攻击行为). And now, researchers have found evidence that this behavior applies to song sparrows (歌
雀) too. But it comes with a surprising benefit to the youngest generation of city sparrows.
There are fewer city-living song sparrows than in the countryside. However, the increased aggression
observed in the males can be connected to a more pressing need to defend territories in urban settings. But that
increased aggression doesn’t mean the males fail in their duties as fathers. In fact, the researchers were surprised
to find that the opposite may be true.
“Male songbirds are thought to reduce parental care when they are more aggressive. Yet this study showed
that urban male song sparrows provided more care for their young,” says Dr Samuel Lane, lead author of the
study. “Against our expectations, we found that they visited nests more often and were more successful parents
than the males in the countryside.”
The researchers carried out their studies at six sites across southwest Virginia, USA, across four breeding
(繁殖) seasons. They found that the high survival rate of their chicks was subject to many factors. Not only did
male sparrows visit their nests more often, but they also began feeding chicks earlier in the day. Despite the
challenges of being a city bird, hatching success was observed to be higher in urban habitats. And even though
brood parasitism, one species laying eggs in the nest of another, is typically higher in urban areas, the researchers
observed that rates of nest predation, the act of other animals eating eggs or young birds, were lower, further
contributing to the overall nesting success of these sparrows.
Lane said, “Our study adds to growing evidence that certain species of songbirds even benefit from living
in urban environments when there is enough green space for them to find food and nest locations.”
The team hope ongoing research in this area will contribute to the establishment of urban environments
aimed at offering improved support for wildlife.
1．What causes the increased aggression of male city sparrows?
A．The stress of protecting their territories.
B．The worsening of urban noise pollution.C．The challenges of building their nests.
D．The growing needs of younger generations.
2．What had the researchers expected of urban males compared to those in the countryside?
A．They lived shorter lives. B．They had a higher population.
C．They had lower nest attendance. D．They woke up earlier in the morning.
3．Which of the following can be found in urban areas according to the study?
A．Higher nest locations. B．Reduced brood parasitism.
C．Limited breeding seasons. D．Lower nest predation rates.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．City Male Birds Do It All B．Aggressive Birds Surprise Scientists
C．Big City Life Makes Birds Better Dads D．The Future of City Birds Lies in Our Hands
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述城市压力让雄性歌雀更具有攻击性，但这也为它们成为更好的父亲
在城市的持续繁衍带来了好处。
1．细节理解题。由文章第二段“There are fewer city-living song sparrows than in the countryside.
However, the increased aggression observed in the males can be connected to a more pressing need to
defend territories in urban settings. (城市里活着的歌麻雀比农村少。然而，在雄性歌雀身上观察到的攻击
性增加可能与在城市环境中更迫切地需要保卫领土有关。)”可知，保护领地的压力导致雄性城市麻雀的攻
击性增加。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。由文章第三段“Against our expectations, we found that they visited nests more often and
were more successful parents than the males in the countryside(与我们的预期相反，我们发现它们比农村
的雄性更经常去巢穴，而且是更成功的父母)”可知，研究人员原本预计，与农村歌雀相比，城市雄性的歌
雀对巢里幼崽照顾率较低，不能成为很好的父亲。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。由文章第四段“And even though brood parasitism, one species laying eggs in the nest of
another, is typically higher in urban areas, the researchers observed that rates of nest predation, the act of
other animals eating eggs or young birds, were lower, further contributing to the overall nesting success of
these sparrows.(尽管在城市地区，一个物种在另一个物种的巢穴中产卵的窝寄生率通常较高，但研究人
员观察到，巢穴捕食率（其它动物吃蛋或幼鸟的行为）较低，这进一步促进了这些麻雀的整体筑巢成
功。)”可知，研究表明，城市地区的巢穴捕食率较低。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。由文章第二段“There are fewer city-living song sparrows than in the countryside.
However, the increased aggression observed in the males can be connected to a more pressing need to
defend territories in urban settings. But that increased aggression doesn’t mean the males fail in theirduties as fathers. In fact, the researchers were surprised to find that the opposite may be true.(城市里活着
的歌雀比农村少。然而，在雄性歌雀身上观察到的攻击性增加可能与在城市环境中更迫切地需要保卫领
土有关。但这种攻击性的增加并不意味着雄性不能履行父亲的职责。事实上，研究人员惊讶地发现，情
况可能恰恰相反。)”以及上下文可知，文章讲述城市压力让雄性歌雀更具有攻击性，但这也为它们成为更
好的父亲，在城市的持续繁衍带来了好处。所以 C项Big City Life Makes Birds Better Dads(大城市生活
让鸟成为更好的爸爸)符合语境。故选C项。
（2024·北京西城·二模）When people hear “artificial intelligence,” many envision “big data.” There’s a
reason for that: some of the most important AI breakthroughs in the past decade have relied on enormous data
sets. But AI is not only about large data sets, and research in “small data” approaches has grown extensively over
the past decade—with so-called transfer learning as an especially promising example. Also known as “fine-
tuning,” transfer learning is helpful in settings where you have little data on the task of interest but abundant data
on a related problem. The way it works is that you first train a model using a big data set and then retrain slightly
using a smaller data set related to your specific problem.
Research in transfer learning approaches has grown impressively over the past 10 years. In a new report for
Georgetown University’s Center for Security and Emerging Technology (CSET), we examined current and
projected progress in scientific research across “small data” approaches. Our analysis found that transfer learning
stands out as a category that has experienced the most consistent and highest research growth on average since
2010. This growth has even outpaced the larger and more established field of reinforcement learning, which in
recent years has attracted widespread attention.
Small data approaches such as transfer learning offer numerous advantages over more data-intensive
methods. By enabling the use of AI with less data, they can bolster progress in areas where little or no data exist,
such as in forecasting natural disasters that occur relatively rarely or in predicting the risk of disease for a
population set that does not have digital health records.
Another way of thinking about the value of transfer learning is in terms of generalization. A recurring
challenge in the use of AI is that models need to “generalize” beyond their training data. Because transfer learning
models work by transferring knowledge from one task to another, they are very helpful in improving
generalization in the new task, even if only limited data were available.
Moreover, by using pretrained models, transfer learning can speed up training time and could also reduce
the amount of computational resources needed to train algorithms ( 算法). This efficiency is significant,
considering that the process of training one large neural (神经系统的) network requires considerable energy.
Despite the growth in research, transfer learning has received relatively little visibility. The existence oftechniques such as transfer learning does not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policy
makers and business leaders in positions of making important decisions about AI funding and adoption. By
acknowledging the success of small data techniques like transfer learning—and distributing resources to support
their widespread use—we can help overcome some of the common misconceptions regarding the role of data in
AI and facilitate innovation in new directions.
5．What does the underlined word “bolster” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Promote. B．Seek.
C．Track. D．Monitor.
6．In which of the following settings can transfer learning be best applied?
A．Predicting the frequency of floods in Amazon rainforest.
B．Designing a program that can read handwritten documents.
C．Forecasting the number of people infected with an unknown illness.
D．Predicting house prices based on basic features like area and location.
7．What is the writer’s attitude towards transfer learning?
A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic.
C．Critical. D．Unconcerned.
8．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．Transfer Learning: Where Does It Best Fit?
B．Small Data Are Also Crucial for Advancing AI
C．Transfer Learning Powers Technological Advances
D．Big Data vs. Small Data: Which Is the Future of AI?
【答案】5．A 6．C 7．B 8．B
【导语】文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了小数据在人工智能领域的重要性，特别是转移学习的作用和价值。
5．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段的“such as in forecasting natural disasters that occur relatively rarely or
in predicting the risk of disease for a population set that does not have digital health records.”（例如预测
罕见的自然灾害或预测没有数字健康记录的人群的疾病风险。）可知，通过使人工智能能够使用较少的
数据，他们可以在几乎没有数据的领域推动进步。bolster在这里的意思是“推动”。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第三段的“Small data approaches such as transfer learning offer numerous
advantages over more data-intensive methods. By enabling the use of AI with less data, they can bolster
progress in areas where little or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural disasters that occur relatively
rarely or in predicting the risk of disease for a population set that does not have digital health records.”
（像迁移学习这样的小数据方法比数据密集的方法有很多优势。人工智能能够使用较少的数据，他们可以在几乎没有数据的领域推动进步，例如预测罕见的自然灾害或预测没有数字健康记录的人群的疾病风
险。）可推知，转移学习可以最好地应用于预测未知疾病感染人数的情况。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“By acknowledging the success of small data techniques like
transfer learning—and distributing resources to support their widespread use—we can help overcome some
of the common misconceptions regarding the role of data in AI and facilitate innovation in new
directions.”（通过承认转移学习等小数据技术的成功，并分配资源支持其广泛使用，我们可以帮助克服
关于数据在人工智能中的角色的一些常见误解，并促进新方向的创新。）可推知，作者对转移学习持乐
观态度。故选B。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But AI is not only about large data sets, and research in “small data”
approaches has grown extensively over the past decade”（ 但人工智能不仅仅是关于大数据集，在过去的
十年里，对“小数据”方法的研究也得到了广泛的发展）可知，短文主要讲述了小数据在人工智能领域
的重要性，特别是转移学习的作用和价值。故短文的标题为“小数据对于推进人工智能也至关重要”切
题。故选B。
（2024·四川德阳·模拟预测）Tears, often associated with human emotions, have sparked curiosity
regarding their presence in nonhuman animals. While humans have long been recognized as the only species to
produce tears in response to emotions, recent studies delve into the possibility of similar occurrences in other
creatures.
Tears serve various purposes across species. The primary function of tears can maintain eye health, while
reflex tears combat external irritants. Emotional tears, however, remain a subject of debate. Historically, societies
deemed emotional crying as uniquely human, association it with expressions of sadness or vulnerability.
Although scientific consensus still favors emotional tears as a human trait, recent investigations suggest
otherwise. A study published in 2022 observed tear secretion in dogs during positive emotional encounters, such
as reuniting with their owners. This phenomenon, triggered by the hormone oxytocin, potentially strengthens the
bond between humans and dogs.
Moreover, observations of domestic pigs and rats have revealed tear-like secretions when in a state of
tension, indicating a possible emotional response. These findings challenge the notion of emotional tears being
exclusive to humans.
Despite anecdotal evidence of animals displaying signs of sadness, such as elephants, gorillas, and wolves,
scientific backing remains rare. Professionals working with animals have reported no instances of emotional
crying. Anecdotes often lead to anthropomorphism, attributing human behaviors to animals without solid
evidence. The viral video of a “crying” bison gained widespread attention, yet experts suggest a more reasonableexplanation, such as irritation from dust or wind. While ancient depictions, like the bi son painting in the Chauvet
cave, hint at tear-like imagery, concrete evidence is lacking.
In conclusion, while emotional tears remain primarily associated with humans, emerging research suggests
the possibility of similar phenomena in certain animal species. Further studies are needed to uncover the
complexities of emotional responses across the animal kingdom.
9．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．A topic of tears and human emotions. B．A topic on tears in nonhuman animals.
C．Human tears and those of other creatures.D．The emotional significance of human tears.
10．Which animals exhibit tear-like secretions during stressful conditions?
A．Dogs. B．Bison.
C．Domestic pigs and rats. D．Elephants and gorillas.
11．Why is the viral video of the “crying” bison mentioned Paragraph 5?
A．To suggest that animals are capable of emotional crying.
B．To emphasize the importance of viral videos in scientific research.
C．To highlight the need for further investigation into the behavior of bison.
D．To illustrate how anecdotes can lead to misconceptions about animal behavior.
12．Which can be the best title of the passage?
A．Why Do Animals Possess Emotional Tears?
B．Whether Do Animals Possess Emotional Tears?
C．Why Do Animals Possess Emotional Responses?
D．Whether Do Animals Possess Emotional Responses?
【答案】9．B 10．C 11．D 12．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了最近的研究表明某些动物在紧张状态下，会分泌类似眼泪的
分泌物，这表明它们可能有情绪反应。这些发现挑战了情绪性眼泪只属于人类的观念。
9．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Tears, often associated with human emotions, have sparked curiosity
regarding their presence in nonhuman animals. While humans have long been recognized as the only
species to produce tears in response to emotions, recent studies delve into the possibility of similar
occurrences in other creatures.(眼泪通常与人类的情感联系在一起，这引发了人们对非人类动物身上眼泪
的好奇。虽然人类长期以来一直被认为是唯一一种会因情绪而流泪的物种，但最近的研究深入研究了其
他生物出现类似情况的可能性)”可知，第一段的主要内容是一个关于非人类动物眼泪的话题。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段“Moreover, observations of domestic pigs and rats have revealed tear-like
secretions when in a state of tension, indicating a possible emotional response.(此外，对家猪和老鼠的观察发现，当它们处于紧张状态时，会分泌类似眼泪的分泌物，这表明它们可能有情绪反应)”可知，家猪和老
鼠在紧张的情况下会分泌类似眼泪的分泌物。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据第五段“Anecdotes often lead to anthropomorphism, attributing human behaviors
to animals without solid evidence. The viral video of a “crying” bison gained widespread attention, yet
experts suggest a more reasonable explanation, such as irritation from dust or wind.(轶事常常导致拟人化，
在没有确凿证据的情况下将人类行为归因于动物。这段疯传的野牛“哭泣”视频引起了广泛关注，但专
家们提出了一个更合理的解释，比如灰尘或风的刺激)”可知，提到“哭泣的”野牛的视频是为了说明轶事
如何导致对动物行为的误解。故选D。
12．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“In conclusion, while emotional tears remain primarily associated with
humans, emerging research suggests the possibility of similar phenomena in certain animal species. Further
studies are needed to uncover the complexities of emotional responses across the animal kingdom.(总之，虽
然情绪性眼泪主要与人类有关，但新兴研究表明，某些动物物种也可能出现类似现象。需要进一步的研
究来揭示动物王国情绪反应的复杂性)”结合文章主要说明了最近的研究表明某些动物在紧张状态下，会分
泌类似眼泪的分泌物，这表明它们可能有情绪反应。这些发现挑战了情绪性眼泪只属于人类的观念。可
知，B选项“动物是否会流泪？”最符合文章标题。故选B。
【名校模拟五：议论文标题概括题】
（2024·河北·三模）Troy Vettese has a parrot in his family. She gets a lot of attention, but she wants more.
Parrots are clever and social. Vettese says: “She needs to be entertained all the time, otherwise she really is
suffering.”He sees a possible different life for her: She could be living with her friends and family in a forest, very
happy—but she’s not, and that’s unfair to her.
When it comes to owning pets, there are varying shades of grey. On one end of the spectrum: the poor
snake I spotted at a party recently, being worn as a necklace. At the other might be your rescue pup, or my rescue
cat, one with a damaged brain and the other with one eye; they wouldn’t have survived long on the streets. But I
still find myself wondering whether it is fair keeping them at all.
We may think that we are giving our companions rounded lives and putting them first when we rise early
for walkies. But Vettese, an environmental historian who specialises in animal studies and pays more attention to
animal ethics now, says the suffering of his family’s much-loved bird is evidence that pet ownership is not about
the animals.
“If people really cared about animals, we would only engage in rescues and helping wildlife rehabilitation
(野生动物康复)—things that we find fulfilling, but that also help the animal,” Vettese says. “Instead, we only likerelationships where they are easy, where the pets are well maintained, where we can hire a dog walker, where the
pets impact as little as possible on our life and we are extracting as much emotional support as we want from
them”. To his mind, it is definitely a very selfish relationship.
“But, at least in the tradition, keeping animals such as dogs and cats seems to be the norm,” says Jessica du
Toit, a doctoral student in philosophy at Western University in Ontario who studies animal ethics. She grew up
with pet s and takes every chance she can to spend time with her parents’ elderly dog, Oliver. In fact, she says, “So
many people nowadays consider these animals to be their companions, or a part of their families, that we have
things such as restaurants, hotels and workplaces stating that are pet-friendly; and people earning good incomes as
pet walkers, pet sitters and pet psychologists.”
1．What concerns Vettese during the course of keeping his parrot?
A．The animal ethics. B．The bird species.
C．The sense of bird’s territory. D．The hidden diseases of pet birds.
2．What is the author’s attitude towards keeping pets?
A．Supportive. B．Critical. C．Tolerant. D．Uncertain.
3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．The pet industry is still promising.
B．The status of pets in family has changed a lot.
C．The necessity of keeping pets increased for children.
D．The tradition of keeping pets has consumed many resources.
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．An emotional support: can we find pet s fulfilling?
B．The relationship with pets: are they our family members?
C．An environmental historian: is he an animal rights activist?
D．The case against pets: is it time to give up our cats and dogs?
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了宠物所有权是否公平的问题，特别是当涉及到动物的福祉时。作
者通过Troy Vettese家的鹦鹉案例引入话题，指出宠物虽然得到了人类的关注，但它们可能仍然渴望更多。
Vettese认为，人们养宠物的方式通常是非常自私的，他们主要关注自己从宠物那里获得的情感支持，而
不是宠物的真正需要。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Troy Vettese has a parrot in his family. She gets a lot of attention, but
she wants more. Parrots are clever and social. Vettese says: “She needs to be entertained all the time,
otherwise she really is suffering.” He sees a possible different life for her: She could be living with herfriends and family in a forest, very happy—but she’s not, and that’s unfair to her. (Troy Vettese 家里有一只
鹦鹉。她得到了很多关注，但她想要更多。鹦鹉既聪明又群居。Vettese说:“她需要一直被娱乐，否则她
真的很痛苦。”他看到了她可能的另一种生活：她本可以和她的朋友和家人住在森林里，非常幸福——
但她没有，这对她不公平。)”可推知，Vettese通过自己养的鹦鹉观察到，鸟儿需要自然的社交环境。宠
物的自然需求被忽视，这引起了他对动物伦理的担忧。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“But I still find myself wondering whether it is fair keeping them at all.
(但我仍然怀疑，保留它们是否公平。)”和文章第四段“Vettese says. “Instead, we only like relationships
where they are easy, where the pets are well maintained, where we can hire a dog walker, where the pets
impact as little as possible on our life and we are extracting as much emotional support as we want from
them”. To his mind, it is definitely a very selfish relationship.( Vettese说，“相反，我们只喜欢那些容易相
处、宠物保养得很好、我们可以雇一个遛狗的人、宠物对我们生活的影响尽可能小、我们能从它们那里
获得尽可能多的情感支持的关系。”在他看来，这绝对是一种非常自私的关系。)”可推知，作者对养宠物
的态度是批判的。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In fact, she says, “So many people nowadays consider these animals
to be their companions, or a part of their families, that we have things such as restaurants, hotels and
workplaces stating that are pet-friendly; and people earning good incomes as pet walkers, pet sitters and
pet psychologists.”(事实上，她说:“现在很多人认为这些动物是他们的伴侣，或者是他们家庭的一部分，
以至于我们有餐馆、酒店和工作场所等场所声明对宠物友好；还有那些收入不错的人，比如遛宠物的人
宠物保姆和宠物心理学家。”)”可推知，宠物行业是很有前景的。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。文章讨论了宠物所有权是否公平的问题，特别是当涉及到动物的福祉时。作者通过 Troy
Vettese家的鹦鹉案例引入话题，指出宠物虽然得到了人类的关注，但它们可能仍然渴望更多。Vettese认
为，人们养宠物的方式通常是非常自私的，他们主要关注自己从宠物那里获得的情感支持，而不是宠物
的真正需要。由此可知，D项：The case against pets: is it time to give up our cats and dogs?(反对养宠物
的观点：是时候放弃我们的猫和狗了吗？)是最好的标题。故选D。
（2024·北京东城·二模）You might not think that an AI capable of making music would stimulate your
emotion, but others think differently, particularly those who gathered at Mexico City’s Symphony Hall in 2019 for
Schubert’s Unfinished Symphony, which I finished using melodies generated by an AI.
As the orchestra (管弦乐团) finished Schubert’s original work and began the music the AI and I had
written, I could feel the crowd’s energy shift from astonishment to indignation and fear. They seemed afraid that
an AI might be able to make emotional symphonic music. You can see their point: an AI that makes emotional
music could affect the emotional lives of thousands or even millions of people in a small, but profound way, justlike a human musician does.
Positive and negative, people reacted very strongly to AI’s symphonic debut (首秀). Even though most
people don’t believe that AI can create something enjoyable, they, at least partly, did enjoy the Unfinished
Symphony.
Enjoyment in music implies that there’s something in the music that the listener connects to, a perception of
shared emotion. But, in the case of AI music, an emotion shared with who? AI, as of yet, has no emotions. So
what is the meaning of music made without an emotional composer? The unsatisfying answer is that music has no
objective meaning. A composer can decide how a piece of music sounds, but it’s the listener that decides what it
means.
No matter how it’s created, music doesn’t exist in a vacuum (真空) to the listener. The meaning we assign
to music depends on its context — how the piece connects to other elements in our lives. Without context, music
is like the results of a game whose rules have been lost. The context for a music is part of who you are. The music
is emotional to you because you have the context to appreciate it. As it continues to evolve, AI music will develop
its own context. Certainly, it’ll be different from human-made music. It’ll mix existing genres to create new ones;
it’ll combine instruments that we wouldn’t think of combining. Its rules will be different.
I’m now always asked the same question: “Who put the emotion in that music: you, the composer, or the
AI?” But that’s not the question they really want to ask, though. There’s a deeper question that most people are too
afraid to ask right now: “Are my emotions so simple that they can be maneuvered by a machine?”
In my experience, this could be possible one day. If a modestly capable music AI in 2019 could stir up
emotions of an audience, maybe AI can have a more powerful effect on our emotional lives than we’d like to
admit.
5．The audience reacted strongly to the symphony mainly due to ______.
A．their doubts about AI’s capabilities
B．their uneasiness about AI’s influence
C．the orchestra’s brilliant presentation of AI music
D．the likeness between AI music and the original work
6．What might the author agree with?
A．AI poses little impact on people’s emotions.
B．Music bears no intended emotional meaning.
C．AI music will outperform human-made music.
D．The context reflects people’s interpretation of music.
7．What does the word “maneuvered” underlined in Paragraph 6 most probably mean?A．Refreshed. B．Challenged. C．Revealed. D．Directed.
8．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．Are Composers To Be Replaced? B．Would AI Music Be a Rising Trend?
C．Could AI Make Music That Moves You? D．Was the Unfinished Symphony Successful?
【答案】5．B 6．B 7．D 8．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能是否能创作出富含情感的音乐的问题，论述了作者
对于音乐中情感的看法。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段“As the orchestra (管弦乐团) finished Schubert’s original work and began
the music the AI and I had written, I could feel the crowd’s energy shift from astonishment to indignation
and fear. They seemed afraid that an AI might be able to make emotional symphonic music. You can see
their point: an AI that makes emotional music could affect the emotional lives of thousands or even millions
of people in a small, but profound way, just like a human musician does.(当管弦乐队演奏完舒伯特的原创
作品，开始演奏人工智能和我共同创作的音乐时，我能感觉到观众的情绪从惊讶转变为愤怒和恐惧。他
们似乎担心人工智能可能会创作出充满情感的交响乐。你可以看到他们的观点：一个制作情感音乐的人
工智能可以以一种微小但深刻的方式影响数千甚至数百万人的情感生活，就像一个人类音乐家一样。)”可
知，观众之所以对交响曲反应强烈，主要是因为对人工智能的影响感到不安。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段“AI, as of yet, has no emotions. So what is the meaning of music made
without an emotional composer? The unsatisfying answer is that music has no objective meaning. A
composer can decide how a piece of music sounds, but it’s the listener that decides what it means.(到目前为
止，人工智能还没有情感。那么，没有情感作曲家的音乐有什么意义呢?令人不满意的答案是，音乐没有
客观意义。作曲家可以决定一段音乐的声音，但听众可以决定它的意义。)”可知，作者可能会同意音乐没
有预期的情感含义。故选B。
7．词句猜测题。根据第二段“You can see their point: an AI that makes emotional music could affect the
emotional lives of thousands or even millions of people in a small, but profound way, just like a human
musician does.(你可以看到他们的观点：一个制作情感音乐的人工智能可以以一种微小但深刻的方式影响
数千甚至数百万人的情感生活，就像一个人类音乐家一样。)”以及划线词上文“Are my emotions so
simple that they can be”和后文“by a machine”可知，人工智能制作的音乐可以影响数千甚至数百万人的
情感生活，所以大多数人不敢问的问题是：我的情绪是否简单到可以被机器操纵？故划线词意思是“操
纵”，与D选项Directed“指示，指导”意思最接近。故选D。
8．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Positive and negative, people reacted very strongly to AI’s symphonic debut
(首秀). Even though most people don’t believe that AI can create something enjoyable, they, at least partly,
did enjoy the Unfinished Symphony.(不管是正面还是负面，人们对AI的交响乐首演反应非常强烈。尽管大多数人不相信人工智能可以创造出令人愉快的东西，但他们（至少在一定程度上）确实喜欢《未完成
的交响曲》)”结合文章主要讨论了人工智能是否能创作出富含情感的音乐的问题，论述了作者对于音乐中
情感的看法。可知，C选项“人工智能能做出打动你的音乐吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。
【名校模拟六：新闻报道标题概括题】
（2024·浙江·三模）MyHeritage has announced the release of two new AI features which it promises will
‘revolutionise genealogy (系谱学)’ research, similar to how ChatGPT revolutionised searching the Internet.
The first feature, AI Record FinderTM, is an interactive chatbot that helps family historians find relevant
historical records about a person of interest within MyHeritage’s database of 20 billion records. This free-text chat
tool enables users to talk to an intelligent assistant to find information about their ancestors, relatives, or other
people who have passed away.
In addition to AI Record FinderTM, MyHeritage has also introduced AI BiographerTM, another innovative
feature that automatically generates a narrative biography about an ancestor’s life using information from
historical records that match the person. This creates a Wikipedia-like biography, which gives users a complete
understanding of their ancestor’s life story.
These two new features are integrated, allowing MyHeritage users to create an AI Biography for their
ancestors using the AI Record FinderTM. With this integration, users can easily use a conversational AI to search
for historical records. This makes it faster and easier to find information about their family members.
Gilad Japhet, Founder and CEO of MyHeritage, said of the new features, “We’re constantly pushing the
boundaries of genealogy to reinvent the way people can discover their family history as we aim to reshape
genealogy in the 21st century. Together, these advanced features strengthen MyHeritage’s position as the industry
leader for innovative genealogy and continue our mission to make family history easier, more accessible, and
more fun for everyone.” AI Record FinderTM is a disruptive feature that simplifies the way people can find
information about their ancestors by making the search easier. AI Biographert M turns a person’s life details into a
fascinating story. Not all our ancestors were famous, but they all deserve to be remembered!
1．What is a typical feature of AI Record FinderTM?
A．It updates MyHeritage’s database. B．It generates a narrative biography.
C．It narrows down the target information. D．It helps users interact with intelligent people.
2．Which of the following would Gilad Japhet probably agree with?
A．That AI genealogy promotes family history creation.
B．That the new AI-driven features give way to MyHeritage.
C．That MyHeritage spares no effort to advance genealogy.
D．That more will be done to strengthen MyHeritage’s position.3．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “disruptive” in the last paragraph?
A．Relevant. B．Pioneering. C．Disturbing. D．Comprehensive.
4．What might be the best title for the text?
A．MyHeritage Leads in AI Genealogy
B．MyHeritage Promises to Revolutionise
C．AI Features: A New Era for Genealogy
D．AI Record Finder: Smart Search for Family Histories
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了MyHeritage公司发布了两项新的AI功能，这两项功能将
“彻底改变系谱学研究”，就像Chat GPT改变了我们搜索互联网的方式一样。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The first feature, AI Record FinderTM , is an interactive chatbot that
helps family historians find relevant historical records about a person of interest within MyHeritage’s
database of 20 billion records.”（第一个功能，AI Record FinderTM，是一个交互式的聊天机器人，它帮
助家族历史学家在MyHeritage的200亿条记录的数据库中找到关于感兴趣的人的相关历史记录）可知，
AI Record FinderTM的典型特征是帮助用户缩小目标信息。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中 Gilad Japhet的话“We’re constantly pushing the boundaries of
genealogy to reinvent the way people can discover their family history as we aim to reshape genealogy in
the 21st century.”（我们一直在不断推动系谱学的边界，以重新定义人们发现家族历史的方式，因为我们
的目标是在21世纪重塑系谱学。）可推知，Gilad Japhet可能会同意MyHeritage不遗余力地推进系谱学。
故选C。
3．词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段“AI Record FinderTMis a disruptive feature that simplifies the way
people can find information about their ancestors by making the search easier.”（ AI Record FinderTM
是一项disruptive的功能，它简化了人们查找祖先信息的方式，使搜索变得更容易。）可知，AI Record
FinderTM简化了人们查找祖先信息的方式，使搜索变得更容易，所以具有开创性。故“disruptive”在此
处的意思应该是“开创性的”，故选B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是根据第一段“MyHeritage has announced the release of two new AI
features which it promises will ‘revolutionise genealogy (系谱学)’research, similar to how ChatGPT
revolutionised searching the Internet.”（MyHeritage宣布推出两项新的人工智能功能，并承诺将“彻底改
变家谱”研究，就像Chat GPT彻底改变互联网搜索一样。）可知，文章主要介绍了 MyHeritage公司发
布的两项新的AI功能，这两项功能将改变系谱学研究，因此短文的最佳标题为“MyHeritage在AI系谱
学方面领先”。故选A项。
（2024·山东·二模）Chaudhary weaves (编织) together lengths of rope and grass collected from thenearby riverbank in her village, skillfully shaping the materials into a gift box while instructing a group of women
to follow suit.
The ropes being used were once the lifeline for mountain climbers tackling Nepal’s mountains and were
then cast away. Diverse measures to remove such discarded materials have rocketed since 2019, when the
government launched Clean Mountain Campaign.Around 140,000 tons of waste were collected on Mt. Everest
alone, which were handled accordingly, either securely buried or recycled.
Some waste is now finding fresh life, transformed by skilled hands like Chaudhary’s into items to sell,
thanks to an initiative led by Acharya, an owner of a waste processing business and an advocate for sustainable
waste management. She has been working with the cleaning campaign, aiming at mountains like Mt. Everest.
“Metal waste goes through the recycling process, but we weren’t capable of recycling these ropes and
cooking gas cans,” Acharya says. It didn’t occur to her that the waste which couldn’t be recycled could be reused
until she met Rai at an art exhibition and a solution emerged.
Rai, a businessman dealing in craftworks, helped connect Acharya with Chaudhary and her team of
craftswomen in hopes of unlocking the economic value of the mountain waste. With flexible hours, the project
gives the craftswomen an opportunity to earn money even as they maintain their household responsibilities.
“While this seems insignificant compared to waste in the mountains, it’s a start. We can’t supply sufficient
raw material with waste sorting and cleaning processes taking plenty of time and money,” Acharya says, desperate
to expand the program to involve more women and treat more waste. But progress has been slow. “We need
investment to mechanize the cleaning and processing of waste in the initial phase to provide the crafting team with
enough materials to meet their demand,” she adds.
5．What were the ropes mentioned in paragraph 2 initially intended as?
A．Tools for tying up weeds. B．Villagers’ basic necessities of life.
C．Raw materials tor unique artworks. D．Life-saving devices for mountaineers.
6．What inspired Acharya’s resolution of non-recyclable waste?
A．A journey to the rural area. B．An encounter with a trader.
C．Information from a product launch. D．Attendance at an academic conference.
7．What does Acharya expect to do based on the last paragraph?
A．Train more senior technicians. B．Obtain a better reputation.
C．Drop waste washing procedures. D．Bring in advanced equipment.
8．What is the best title for the text?
A．Chaudhary: An Eco-Minded Folk Artist
B．Nepali Women Are Turning Garbage into CraftsC．Clean Mountain Campaign Has Already Taken Effect
D．A Headache: Mt. Everest Is Heavily Littered with Waste
【答案】5．D 6．B 7．D 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了尼泊尔女性在Chaudhary的带领下，利用被丢弃的登山
绳索和草料制作礼品盒的故事。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The ropes being used were once the lifeline for mountain climbers
tackling Nepal’s mountains and were then cast away.(这些绳索曾是攀登尼泊尔山脉的登山者的生命线，然
后被丢弃。)”可知，这些绳索曾经是尼泊尔山脉登山者的生命线，后来被丢弃。因此，这些绳索最初是为
了拯救登山者的生命而设计的，即它们是登山者的救生设备。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“It didn’t occur to her that the waste which couldn’t be recycled could
be reused until she met Rai at an art exhibition and a solution emerged.(她从未想过这些无法回收的垃圾可
以再利用，直到她在一次艺术展览上遇到了 Rai，她才想到了一个解决方案。)”以及第五段“Rai, a
businessman dealing in craftworks, helped connect Acharya with Chaudhary and her team of craftswomen
in hopes of unlocking the economic value of the mountain waste.( Rai是一名从事工艺品生意的商人，他帮
助Acharya与Chaudhary和她的女工匠团队建立了联系，希望能释放山区废物的经济价值。)”可知，
Acharya之前并没有想到无法回收的废物可以重新利用，直到她在艺术展览上遇到了商人 Rai，然后才找
到了解决方案。因此，是与商人Rai的相遇激发了Acharya解决不可回收废物的决心。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段““We need investment to mechanize the cleaning and processing of
waste in the initial phase to provide the crafting team with enough materials to meet their demand,” she
adds.(“我们需要在初期阶段投资机械化清洁和处理垃圾，以便为手工艺团队提供足够的材料来满足他们
的需求，”她补充道。)”可知，她期望在初始阶段获得投资，以实现废物清洁和处理的机械化，从而为手
工艺团队提供足够的材料来满足他们的需求。因此，她期望引进先进的设备来实现这一目标。故选D。
8．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Chaudhary weaves (编织) together lengths of rope and grass collected
from the nearby riverbank in her village, skillfully shaping the materials into a gift box while instructing a
group of women to follow suit.( Chaudhary在她村庄附近的河岸上收集绳索和草料，熟练地将这些材料编
织成礼品盒，并指导一群妇女效仿她的做法。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了尼泊尔女性在
Chaudhary的带领下，正在将河流附近的废弃绳索和草料变成像礼品盒这样的工艺品。文章主要聚焦于
这一过程以及它对减少废物和妇女赋权的积极影响。故选B。
