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必修第三册 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
An 89-year-old man，Manfred Steiner，has reached a goal he spent 20 years working toward
and nearly a lifetime thinking about：earning his PhD.And now he is a physicist.
Steiner values this degree because it is what he always wanted and because he overcame
health problems that could have affected his studies.“But I made it，and this was the most
satisfactory point in my life to finish it，”he said.
When he was young，Steiner wanted to become a physicist after reading about Albert
Einstein.But his mother and uncle persuaded him that studying medicine would be a better
choice.He earned his medical degree in 1955 and moved to the US soon after.
Steiner studied hematology(血液学) at Tufts University and biochemistry at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology.He became a full professor and led the hematology department at Browns’
medical school from 1985 to 1994.Steiner helped establish a research program in hematology at the
University of North Carolina.He directed that program until he retired from medicine in 2000.
Steiner found medical research pleasing，but it was not quite the same as his interest in
physics.“It was something like a wish that was never fulfilled，that always stuck in the back of
my head，”he said.At age 70，he started taking undergraduate classes.
Physics professor Brad Marston was surprised when Steiner entered his quantum mechanics
class.But he became Steiner’s adviser for his dissertation(学位论文) after realizing how serious
Steiner was about the subject and how hard he worked.“He has written many papers in medical
science，more papers than I’ve written in physics，”Marston said.“One thing that’s really
true about Manfred is that he perseveres.”
After the university published a story about Steiner on its website，people across the US
contacted him to ask for advice on how to go after their dreams later in life.His advice is：Do what
you love to do.
1．Why did Steiner value his degree in physics?
A．Because it solved his health problems.
B．Because it was his long-pursued dream.
C．Because it met his mother’s expectation.
D．Because it was inspired by Albert Einstein.
2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．Steiner’s contributions to teaching.
B．Steiner’s researches after retirement.C．Steiner’s achievements in hematology.
D．Steiner’s performances at Tufts University.
3．What impressed Professor Marston most about Steiner?
A．His taking undergraduate classes at 70.
B．His writing more papers in physics.
C．His sticking to becoming a physicist.
D．His being a role model for Americans.
4．Which of the following can best describe Steiner?
A．Active and open-minded.
B．Enthusiastic and easy-going.
C．Intelligent and warm-hearted.
D．Perseverant and hard-working.
B
The short film Piper，released by Pixar in 2016，won the 89th Academy Award for Best
Animated Short Film.Piper was written and directed by Alan Barillaro，previously working in the
animation(动画片) department.It’s a wonder that he had the fortune to win Oscar for his first
film.
The short film follows a baby bird named Piper，as she learns and overcomes her fears of
finding food at the seafront.Piper is encouraged to peck(啄) at the sand beach but gets wet through
with water from a wave.Discouraged by the terrible wave，she hopes to get food from her mother
but fails.After gathering up the courage again，she meets a hermit crab(寄居蟹) who shows her
not to be scared of the ocean but to embrace it.Finally，she discovers the secret of the ocean and
feeds herself even her family.It’s a story about facing challenges and not being discouraged by
failure.Like Piper，we can always find solutions and come out stronger than ever before.
Somehow Pixar manages to fit all of these into a five-minute-long short film，without using
any spoken language and entirely by animation.Movements and personified facial expressions are
what drive this story in this film.Much like the nature documentary，the continuous pulling of the
shallow focus adds the sense of realism.The clean and clear animation allows for even the slightest
micro-expressions to be picked up by the audience.And the music is consistent with Piper’s
emotions，making the audience feel the same way.
This film and lots of others by Pixar make us laugh and cry all the time.By fitting a simple
story with simple characters，we are led through challenges to a satisfying conclusion for our
characters.It’s one of the best short films in a long time.
5．What is the storyline of the short film?
A．A mother instructs her child to find food.
B．A bird overcomes fears and grows independent.
C．A bird family tries to adapt to life at the seafront.D．A sand beach offers food to the birds living nearby.
6．What techniques are used in the short film?
A．Animation and music.
B．Sound and virtual scenes.
C．Movements and speeches.
D．Clear pictures and vivid lines.
7．What’s the author’s attitude towards the short film?
A．Indifferent. B．Critical.
C．Favorable. D．Negative.
8．What is this text?
A．A documentary. B．A review.
C．A story. D．An essay.
C
On paper，hydrogen(氢气) looks like a dream fuel.In practice，things are trickier.Storing
meaningful quantities of hydrogen gas requires compressing( 压 缩 ) it several hundred
times.Transforming it into liquid state is another option，but one that requires cooling the stuff to
－253℃.Either process requires rugged tanks.Over time，hydrogen gas can pass slowly into
metals，weakening them and potentially causing cracks.Tanks must be built from special materials
designed to resist this breakdown.
Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute，led by Marcus Vogt，think that supplying hydrogen
as goop(糊状) offers a way around some of its limitations.They have been experimenting with a
chemical compound that can be pumped into a container and then persuaded to give off its
hydrogen on demand.
Their invention，which they nickname “powerpaste”，looks like toothpaste.Its main
ingredient is magnesium hydride(氢化镁)，a compound that when introduced to water，reacts
with it to form hydrogen and magnesium hydroxide(氢氧化镁)．The escaped hydrogen can then
be redirected into a fuel cell，where it reacts with oxygen from the air to generate electric
power.The magnesium hydroxide waste is emptied from the reactor automatically.
Dr Vogt’s scheme offers several advantages over batteries，petrol and more conventional
ways of handling hydrogen.One is the storage of energy than either batteries or petrol can
manage.A second is ease of refilling，which is simply a matter of swapping an empty container of
paste for a full one，and topping up the water，which is stored in a separate tank.A third
advantage is that，unlike a battery，the paste does not gradually lose its stored energy if it is left
on the shelf.Moreover，the paste itself is harmless，as are the reaction’s by-products.
But there are still more to work through.Magnesium hydride reacts only slowly with water.To
overcome this，Dr Vogt and his team have found a chemical additive that greatly accelerates the
reaction.They have also found a way to ensure that the reaction can be controlled precisely enoughto supply only as much hydrogen as is needed at any given moment.
9．Which of the following best explains “rugged”underlined in paragraph 1?
A．Creative. B．Fragile.
C．Tough. D．Enormous.
10．What can we know about the invention according to paragraph 3?
A．Magnesium hydride mixed with water releases hydrogen.
B．Several chemical reactions occur in the same tank.
C．Water and electricity are necessary in the process.
D．The remaining waste needs removing with extra help.
11．How is paragraph 4 mainly developed?
A．By providing examples.
B．By drawing comparisons.
C．By quoting sayings.
D．By explaining a concept.
12．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Dream Fuel：Hydrogen Gas
B．New Clean Energy
C．Advantages of Hydrogen Goop
D．“Toothpaste”in Your Tank
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023·福建福州期中联考)
Practicing gratitude can increase feelings of happiness and life satisfaction while decreasing
depressive symptoms. 1 To start improving your gratitude skill，try the following gratitude
challenges.
Reflect on the gifts of hardship.There is no question that life can be challenging，as things
don’t always turn out the way we’d hoped. 2 It may seem difficult to reflect on challenging
times and find a reason to be grateful，but in making our pain purposeful，we can find meaning in
the experience.
Express gratitude to others in writing. 3 Send each of them a quick but considerate
correspondence in the form of a handwritten note ，email or even a thoughtfully composed
text.Remind them of why they are special to you and how worthwhile they are in the world.As a
result of your effort，those on the receiving end will experience the mood-boosting benefits of
being appreciated.They won’t be the only beneficiaries.Writing letters of gratitude has a positive
effect on the author，increasing feelings of happiness while decreasing depression，studies have
shown.
4 An important aspect of practicing gratitude regularly is becoming aware of
opportunities throughout your day to express gratitude.Acknowledge at least two times a day thatsomeone spreads a small act of kindness toward you.These acts could be a delivery person bringing
a package to your door，a coworker offering assistance at work or your significant other getting
you a coffee. 5
When you finish the challenges，hopefully you’ll be inspired by the mood-boosting benefits
and continue actively practicing gratitude on a daily basis.
A．Catch the chances of acting kindness.
B．Notice and appreciate the small stuff.
C．Think of three people in your life that you truly appreciate.
D．All of us experience dilemmas at different points in our lives.
E．The benefits of thankfulness extend to both the giver and receiver.
F．Gratitude takes practice to realize its full potential，just like any other skill.
G．Once recognizing their efforts，you can consistently show your appreciation better.
