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必修第一册 Welcome Unit
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·山东青岛联考)
It was late，about 10∶15 p．m.Janice Esposito got off the train at Bellport，New York，
went to her car and started driving home.She was so familiar with the route that she almost drove
automatically：turned left to the Station Road，then another left onto Montauk Highway，and
then—bam! When Esposito’s car had just crossed the railroad tracks，it bumped into another
vehicle and was pushed back onto the tracks.Injured but mostly shocked by the crash and by the
airbags that popped up，she was stuck in the vehicle.
As it happened，Pete DiPinto was just about to go to sleep when he heard a sharp noise and
saw the accident not far outside his bedroom window.As a volunteer firefighter and retired
teacher，DiPinto，who was 65，fetched a flashlight and rushed out without hesitation.“Any
firefighter would have done what I did，” he said.“We’re always on duty.”
At first，he spotted the other car in the accident.After making sure that the driver was all
right，DiPinto looked around and discovered Esposito’s car straddling(横跨) the railway
tracks.And then he heard the bell ring，which signaled a train’s arrival.
DiPinto rushed to Esposito’s car and broke the window on the driver’s side.Esposito
looked up at him，with her eyes glazing over.“I don’t know where I am，” she said.
“You’re on the railroad tracks，”DiPinto yelled.“I have to get you off right now！”
The train was running toward them at a speed of some 105 kilometers per hour.The driver’s door
failed to be opened due to the collision(碰撞)，so DiPinto quickly ran to the other side and was
able to open the door.He put the airbags aside，seized her arms，pulled her toward him across the
passenger seat until finally got her out and walked her to safety as swiftly as possible.Several
seconds later，the train crashed into the vehicle.“It was like a Hollywood movie，”DiPinto told
reporters the next day.
“Last night，”said Gregory Miglino Jr.，Chief of the Department in South Country
Ambulance，“the hero arrived in pajamas(睡衣裤)，not in a fire truck.”
1．What can we know about the accident from paragraph 1?
A．Esposito’s car hit another vehicle.
B．Esposito drove too fast.
C．Esposito didn’t know the route well.
D．A running train crashed into Esposito’s car.
2．How was Janice Esposito right after the accident?A．She felt all right.
B．She was badly hurt.
C．She got trapped in the car.
D．She completely lost her consciousness.
3．How was Janice Esposito rescued from her car?
A．Through the window on the driver’s side.
B．Through the door on the driver’s side.
C．Through the window on the passenger’s side.
D．Through the door on the passenger’s side.
4．What did Gregory Miglino Jr.mean by saying “the hero arrived in pajamas(睡衣裤)，not in a
fire truck”？
A．DiPinto was not a professional firefighter.
B．DiPinto rushed to save life without thinking about himself.
C．DiPinto was a special firefighter who preferred wearing pajamas.
D．DiPinto was unable to find a fire truck when the accident happened.
B
For more than a decade，a team of researchers have studied the dynamics of the Greenland
Ice Sheet as it responds to a warming climate.But while much of their focus has been on water’s
impacts on ice sheet change，their most recent research findings have overturned the order of their
thinking.Meierbachtol，Harper and their team discovered that changes in the ice sheet have a real
impact on the massive groundwater system underlying Greenland.
This latest discovery occurred thanks to a marriage of drilling techniques.International
cooperators made an angled hole 650 meters through bedrock underneath a Greenland glacier(冰
川) to measure groundwater conditions under the ice.Meanwhile，researchers drilled 32 holes from
atop the glacier，through nearly a kilometer of ice，to measure water conditions at the area
between ice and bedrock，which forms an important boundary controlling groundwater flow
below.After drilling，the team fixed sensors in the ice column and at the ice sheet bed to measure
ice dynamics and water conditions as water flows under the ice.
“By studying areas covered by ice 10,000 years ago，we have known that the huge mass and
vast amounts of water from melting ice can impact the underlying groundwater，” Meierbachtol
said.“It’s generally accepted that the groundwater is sleeping over decades to centuries and its
response to ice sheet change is long：thousands of years.But what we’ve shown here is that it is
immediate.”
This new understanding could have important subsequent effects on how Greenland’s
thinning ice impacts the Arctic.The thinning ice could reduce the rate of groundwater flow to the
ocean，changing the water temperature and salinity(盐度) balance that is important for ocean
circulation(循环) patterns.“In thinking about the complex feedbacks from Greenland’s ongoingchange，we have really ignored the groundwater component，”Harper said.
5．How do the researchers feel about the result of the recent study?
A．Satisfied. B．Disappointed.
C．Surprised. D．Doubtful.
6．What contributes most to the new research about the Greenland Ice Sheet?
A．Fixing sensors into ice sheet.
B．Close international cooperation.
C．Advanced rock drilling technology.
D．A combination of two drilling approaches.
7．What is a misunderstanding of the groundwater under glaciers?
A．It has a very large volume.
B．It is inactive for a long time.
C．Its component is complex.
D．Its temperature is changeable.
8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Water Impacts the Greenland’s Ice Sheet
B．Long-lasting Effects of Global Warming on the Arctic
C．Newly Discovered Groundwater Resources in Greenland
D．Greenland’s Groundwater Changes with Thinning Ice Sheet
C
To persist，life must reproduce.Scientists at the University of Vermont，Tufts University，
and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University have discovered
an entirely new form of biological reproduction and applied their discovery to creating the first-
ever，self-replicating(自我复制的) living robots.
Named Xenobots after the African clawed frog from which scientists take their stem cells，
the machines are less than 0.04 inches wide—small enough to travel inside human bodies.They can
walk and swim，survive for weeks without food，and work together in groups.They even have
regenerative capabilities；when the scientists sliced into one robot，it healed by itself and kept
moving.
The Xenobots could potentially be used toward a host of tasks.Xenobots could be used to
clean up radioactive waste and collect microplastics in the oceans.Some Xenobots have holes in
their center，which could potentially be used to transport drugs or medicines.Traditional robots
“degrade(降解) over time and can produce harmful ecological and health side effects，”
researchers said in the study，which was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy
of Sciences.As biological machines，Xenobots are more environmentally friendly and safer for
human health.Aside from these immediate practical tasks，Xenobots could also help researchers to
learn more about cell biology—opening the doors to future advancement in human health andlongevity.
While the prospect of self-replicating biotechnology could spark concern，the researchers
said that the living machines were entirely contained in a lab and easily destroyed，as they are
biodegradable and regulated by experts.“There are many things that are possible if we take
advantage of this kind of plasticity(可塑性) and ability of cells to solve problems，”said Joshua
Bongard，one of the lead researchers at the university of Vermont.
9．Which of the following best explains“regenerative”underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Fighting disease.
B．Recovering and growing again.
C．Self-cleaning regularly.
D．Replacing old cells.
10．What can we learn about Xenobots from paragraph 3?
A．They can be widely applied to cure diseases.
B．They are harmless to the environment by degrading plastics.
C．They are specially designed to collect radioactive waste.
D．They can serve well the research on human health.
11．What is Bongard’s attitude towards the self-replicating biotechnology?
A．Doubtful. B．Indifferent.
C．Positive. D．Ambiguous.
12．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．The invention of the first self-reproduction robots.
B．An application of a machine in medicine.
C．The trend of developing biotechnology.
D．An experiment on African clawed frogs.
Ⅱ.七选五
BASE jumping is a dangerous sport that involves using a parachute(降落伞) to jump off a
high structure. 1 Because BASE jumping is very dangerous，it is sometimes considered a
“stunt”，or“daredevil activity”rather than a sport.
BASE is an acronym(首字母缩写) that stands for the four categories of fixed launch points
for a BASE jump：building，antennae(高塔)，span(bridge) and earth(cliff)．“BASE
numbers” are awarded to those jumpers who have completed at least one jump from each of the
categories. 2
Carl Boenish made the first official BASE jump off the Troll Wall in Norway in
1984.Unfortunately，Carl Boenish was killed two days after that first BASE jump as he tried to
make another BASE jump off the Troll Wall.Improvements in equipment have helped reduce BASE
jumping deaths. 3 There are no reliable statistics on the number of people killed and injured
while BASE jumping，but it is certainly more dangerous than skydiving.Because of the high deathrate，BASE jumping has not gained widespread acceptance. 4 A BASE jumper needs to get
permission to use both the place from which the jump is initiated(开始) and the landing areas.Some
places，like the Troll Wall，are banned because of the high level of danger.However，many sites
are still open to jumpers.
5 It can easily injure or kill you.You are a huge investment of time，energy，and money
by your parents.Your parents expect you to have good judgment，so think hard before you do
anything that is dangerous.
A．BASE jumping is something that you shouldn’t do.
B．Teens’parents don’t support BASE jumping because it costs money.
C．A BASE number qualifies the participant as a recognized BASE jumper.
D．This is also one of the reasons that it is considered illegal in many countries.
E．BASE jumping just gets even more dangerous as you compete to be the quickest.
F．It has become popular with those constantly looking for new and exciting things to do.
G．Nevertheless，many people，including skilled jumpers，are still injured or killed every year.
