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必修第一册 Unit 1 Teenage Life
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Inflammation(炎症) is the body’s defense mechanism.You might have experienced it if you
sustained physical injuries or had an infection ， like the flu ， which causes a sore
throat.Inflammation can occur in any organ，but it is most common and easy to see in the skin.You
will notice redness，heat and swelling.
Usually this is a good thing，as it shows you have a healthy immune system that can kill
pathogens(病原体) and repair damage.However，inflammation can be a double-edged sword as in
some people it can target the body’s healthy cells，causing what is called an autoimmune disease.
Given this danger，a new study from Cambridge University，the UK，has been looking into
brain conditions that are not usually linked to autoimmune diseases.The study found that
inflammation of the brain— known as neuroinflammation(神经炎症)—has been linked to several
forms of dementia(痴呆)．
In this new study，researchers scanned the brains of 31 volunteers with three different types
of dementia.The first scan was to highlight neuroinflammation，and a second scan illuminated(阐
明) poisonous proteins that are linked with dementia.The team also examined 12 post-mortem(after
death) brains.
These experiments showed similar patterns of poisonous protein build-up and
neuroinflammation，suggesting a relationship between inflammation and dementia.
“Even we were surprised by how tightly these two problems mapped onto each other.Now，
the big question is what role this neuroinflammation plays in the decline of the mind associated
with dementia，”said Thomas Cope，one of the authors of the study.
Another of the study’s researchers，James Rowe，highlighted the importance of further
research.He said the frequent presence of inflammation in neurodegenerative( 神经退化的)
diseases，including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease，“offers hope that immune-based
treatments might help slow or prevent these conditions”．
1．Why is inflammation usually a good thing?
A．It can defend our body against infection.
B．It allows injuries to heal themselves.
C．It gives long-term protection to healthy cells.
D．It is a reflection of a healthy immune system.
2．What did the study from Cambridge University find?
A．Neuroinflammation leads to dementia.B．Increased poisonous proteins in the brain cause dementia.
C．There are links between neuroinflammation and dementia.
D．Poisonous protein build-up and neuroinflammation have different patterns.
3．What is still unknown according to Thomas Cope?
A．Why neuroinflammation is connected with dementia.
B．How the decline of the mind is associated with dementia.
C．How to prevent neuroinflammation from developing into dementia.
D．To what extent neuroinflammation and dementia are linked with each other.
4．What can be inferred from James Rowe’s words?
A．Inflammation is one of the causes of neuroinflammation.
B．Immune-based treatments would be the best cure for dementia.
C．Research on neuroinflammation could help treat neurodegenerative diseases.
D．Further research will focus on methods of cutting poisonous proteins in the brain.
B
Almost every month，a new piece of research appears linking diets high in processed
“junk” foods with obesity and poor health.It isn’t yet clear if they have a cause-and-effect
relationship.But deeper research is starting to appear from trials that compare diets which are based
on either extremely processed foods or wholefoods(天然食品)，yet are carefully matched for
nutrients in all other ways.
The links need investigating as a matter of urgency.If these processed foods really do carry
essential health risks，it could mean that official advice about healthy eating has been aiming at the
wrong target for decades.In almost all high-income countries，nutrition guidelines say the key to
healthy eating is avoiding too much fat，salt and sugar.
While many types of processed food contain significant quantities of these not-well-thought-of
ingredients，not all do，and there are wholefoods that are also high in some of them.Red meat and
some dairy products come with their share of fat，for instance.It is still unclear if it is better to
switch to “healthier” low-fat versions of processed foods，or to cook from scratch，whatever
the ingredients.
Equally not clear is what action governments should be taking.Some campaigners are now
calling for higher taxes on factory-made foods.That would be controversial，however，because
these foods make up to 60 percent of people’s diets in countries such as the UK and the
US.Additionally，any price increase is likely to hit lower-income households hardest，many of
which consume more of such products because processed foods can be cheaper than making meals
from their original ingredients，and the cost difference is even greater if you take into account the
time taken to cook from scratch.
Rather than taxation，a most practical approach may be for schools to start teaching pupils
how to make quick and simple home-cooked meals.This approach would take many years to bearfruit，as the encroachment(侵蚀) of processed foods into Western cuisine took place over
decades.It isn’t going to be completely changed overnight.
5．What can be learned about processed foods?
A．They are more nutritious than wholefoods.
B．They can help avoid being overweight and unhealthy.
C．They have less fat，salt and sugar than wholefoods.
D．They don’t necessarily carry such high health risks.
6．How does the author develop paragraph 3?
A．By giving reasons.
B．By listing facts.
C．By answering questions.
D．By showing a study result.
7．What’s the author’s attitude towards higher taxation on processed foods?
A．Favorable. B．Tolerant.
C．Opposed. D．Carefree.
8．What will be the future of processed foods?
A．They will still exist in people’s diets for some years.
B．They will be over-taxed.
C．They will be removed from Western cuisine.
D．They will be replaced by home-made meals soon.
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2023·江苏南通如皋调研)
One day，Rosie,15，who has profound and multiple learning disabilities(PMLD) found her
current toy broken.It had 1 her since her second birthday.After all the attempts to fix it 2
，her sister，Josie Wheel，decided to give social media a shot.
She posted a message on Twitter asking for help to find a 3 model of the toy.“The toy
had stopped being 4 by the company nearly a decade ago and we’re 5 the ones that
work.We never expected the 6 to be so huge on the Internet，” said the 18-year-old from
Coventry.
She said many warm-hearted people were so determined to help just out of the goodness of
their heart 7 they knew nothing about Rosie.About 15 substitutes had so far been 8 ，
but people were still coming forward.It would 9 be closer to 30 which was amazing.People
had also offered to fix the broken toys after they began to break due to so much 10 .
“Rosie doesn’t completely understand everything that’s going on because of her 11
but when she receives all of them next month and can physically see them I can imagine her 12
，”Lorraine Wheel，the girls’ mother， 13 .“Josie and her sister have the strongest 14and Josie has done many things to 15 that Rosie is the happiest girl ever.I couldn’t be more
proud of her.”
1．A.humbled B．discouraged
C．accompanied D．convinced
2．A.ended B．helped
C．changed D．failed
3．A.specific B．separate
C．cheap D．new
4．A.sold B．tested
C．expected D．assigned
5．A.withdrawing from B．hunting for
C．giving up D．taking over
6．A.problem B．difference
C．response D．distribution
7．A.if B．once
C．because D．though
8．A.received B．demanded
C．promised D．purchased
9．A.probably B．temporarily
C．regularly D．normally
10．A.pressure B．coverage
C．applause D．usage
11．A.guilt B．frustration
C．condition D．envy
12．A.excitement B．ambition
C．proficiency D．hesitation
13．A.urged B．guaranteed
C．comforted D．added
14．A.support B．bond
C．will D．point
15．A.ensure B．imagine
C．discover D．predict
Ⅲ.语法填空
Xu Yuanchong was a famous Chinese translator，best known for translating Chinese ancient
poems into English and French.Xu was born in 1921 in Nanchang，Jiangxi Province.His mother，
who was well educated and good at painting，had a great impact on Xu in his 1. (pursue)of beauty and literature.When studying at Provincial Nanchang No.2 High School，he excelled at
English.In 1938，he 2. (admit) to the Department of Foreign Languages，National
Southwest Associated University，a school 3. graduates have played a central role in
modern China.At university，Xu gave outstanding performances in English，Russian，French，
while even hosting Shakespeare classes，clearly showing a gift for translation.
After his graduation，Xu devoted 4. (him) to education and translation.He was the
first Chinese translator 5. (translate) Chinese poetry into English and French
verse.He also translated many 6. (masterpiece) into Chinese including The Red and
the Black and Jean-Christophe.
In his last days ， the hundred-year-old scholar was still working on the translation of
Shakespeare’s complete works.Seven hours of work in front of a computer every day is
7._______ unbearable task for young adults.8. (surprising)，this 100-year-old
scholar was never bored with his work，passionately typing his translation word by word，day
after day.9.________ the morning of June 17，Xu passed away in Beijing at the age of 100.The
respectable translator enjoyed a life worth 10. (remember)．
