文档内容
一、完形填空总攻略
做好完形要做到：
知晓考查能力，明确完形考点，透析考查方向，查补解题漏洞，探究解题策略。
（一）完形填空考查的能力
1．上下文语境、作者意图等；2.固定搭配及习惯用语；3.语法知识；
4.词语辨析；5.逻辑推理；6.文化背景和生活常识。
（二） 纵观考题，明确考点
2017 2016、2015、2014年课标全国卷(I、Ⅱ)完形填空题多角度分析表
年份 体裁 话题 动词（短 名词 形容词 副词 连接 连词 介词
语） （短 代词 （短
语） 语）
2017课标 记叙文 学手 11 6 2 1
语
2016甲卷 记叙文 交往 4 4 7 3 2
2016乙卷 记叙文 助人 8 5 2 1 1 2 1
为乐
2016丙卷 记叙文 身残 7 6 3 1 1 1 1
志坚
2015课标 记叙文 助人 6 7 3 3 1
全国卷I 为乐
2015课标 记叙文 教育 7 6 3 3 1
全国卷Ⅱ 感悟
2014课标 说明文 厌倦 4 9 4 3
全国卷I 心理
2014课标 记叙文 探险 8 3 3 5 1
全国卷Ⅱ 经历
注意：
1．所选短文的体裁多为记叙文和说明文，但也不排除议论文的可能。一般为一篇约 250词的
短文，其内容逻辑性强，文章结构严谨，层次分明。一般文章首句不设空，并交代相关的背景材料
可挖掘的信息点很多，对整篇文章的理解起着至关重要的作用。
2．动词、名词、形容词等实词是考查的主体，突出语篇，考查词汇或短语在语境中的运用。
考生只有通过了解文章所给出的语境，善于运用逻辑推理能力，才能准确进行判断。考查考生灵活
运用所学词汇的能力。3．复习中，同学们一定要注意阅读的广泛性，要特别重视内容贴近生活实际，反映社会现实，
描述亲情感悟，塑造精神信念，体现教育成长，传播正能量的阅读材料。
（三）透析命题方向，查补解题漏洞
考查一 语境中的语意联系
“考查语境，突出语篇”是完形填空命题原则。语篇是一个有机的整体，基于文章内容，作者
在文章的选词和用词方面前后都是紧密联系的，而这也正是该题型命题的侧重点。语篇中的语意联
系是通过词义选择而建立起来的衔接关系。体现方式有：原词复现、同义词复现、同根词复现、反
义词复现、上义词（对下文事物的概括性、抽象性说明）、下义词（对上文概括词语的具体说明）
等。
[典例]下面例文中，带星号的题目尤其体现了对“语意联系”的考查。
(2013·高考安徽卷) If you Want to learn① a new language, the very first thing to think about is why.
②
Do you need it for a l reason, such as your job or your studies ? 2 perhaps you're
interested in the 3 , films or music of a different country③ and you know how much it will help to
have a 4 of the language.
Most people learn best using a variety of 5 , but traditional classes④ are an ideal start for many
people. They 6 an environment where you can practice under the 7 of someone who’re good
at the language⑤. We all lead 8 lives and learning a language takes 9 . You will have more success
if you study regularly⑥, so try to develop a 10 .
It doesn't matter if you haven't got long. Becoming fluent in a language will takes years⑦ but⑧
learning to get by takes 11 .
Many people start learning⑨a language and soon give up. “I’m too 12 ，”they say. Yes，
children⑩do learn languages more 13 than adults ⑪，but research has shown that you can learn alanguage at any 14 .And learning is good for the health of your brain，too. I’ve also heard people
15 about the mistakes they make when 16 .Well，relax and laugh about your mistakes 17
you’re much less likely to make them again.
Learning a new language is never 18 .But with some work and devotion，you’ll make progress.
⑫ ⑬
And you’ll be 19 by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in
20 own language. Good luck!
★ 1.A.technical B．political C．practical D．physical
2.A.After B．So C．Though D．Or
★ 3.A literature B．transport C．agriculture D．medicine
★ 4.A view B．knowledge C．form D．database
★ 5.A paintings B．regulations C．methods D．computers
6.A.protect B．change C．respect D．provide
★ 7.A.control B．command C. guidance D．pressure
8.A.busy B．happy C．simple D．normal
★ 9.A.courage B．time C．energy D．place
★ 10.A.theory B．business C．routine D．project
★ 11.A.some risks B．a lot less C．some notes D．a lot more
★ 12.A.old B．nervous C．weak D．tired
13.A.closely B．quickly C．privately D．quietly
★ 14.A.age B．speed C．distance D．school
15.A.worry B．hesitate C．think D．quarrel
★ 16.A.singing B．working C．bargaining D．learning
17.A.if B．and C．but D．before
18.A.tiresome B．hard C．interesting D．easy
★ 19.A.blamed B．amazed C．interrupted D．informed
★ 20.A.their B．his C．our D. your
（注：选项中的黑体字为正确答案查。）解析：
①和第4小题的knowledge有语意联系
②此处举例为生活中的现实问题，因此第1小题选择practical
③第3小题的literature和下文的films or music构成上下义关系
④这就是学习的方式之一，因此和第5小题存在例证关系
⑤和第7小题的语意联系在于：在“学习语言”这个话题语境中，接受擅长语言的人的“指
导”是必要的
⑥regularly和第10小题的routine都意指习惯或常规
⑦和第9小题的time存在直接联系
⑧but的转折作用，联系了第11小题和上文的take years
⑨和第16小题联系，词语复现
⑩注意和第12小题在语意上的对比关系
⑩上文的children和此处的adults都是14小题any age的下义词
⑩positive和第19小题的amazed都是褒义词
⑩和第20小题存在指代关系。
满分技巧 通读全文，把握文章中心和段落中心，围绕具体语境与情节，推敲字词的各种联系。切
莫见空填空，前后脱节，顾此失彼。
考查二 句段间的逻辑关系
行文逻辑是使文章条例清晰、形成一个有机整体的保障。常见的逻辑关系包括文章的结构顺序；
句子段落间的递进、对比、过渡、并列、转折、因果、条件、推理等诸方面的关系。
[典例]下面例文中，文中的黑体字表示内容逻辑衔接，带星号的题目尤其体现了对“逻辑关
系”的考查。
The concept of solitude（独处）in the digital world is almost nonexistent. In the world of digital
technology, e-mail, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be
___1___. Solitude can be hard to discover ___2___①it has been given up. In this respect, new
technologies have___3___ our culture.
The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a(n) ___4___ as we've known it. People have
become so___5___ in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted____6__②they'd rather not be. Today we can talk, text, e-mail, chat and blog(写博客) ,not only from our___7___
but from our mobile phones as well.
Most developed nations have become___8___ on digital technology simply because they've grown
accustomed to it, and at this point not___9___ it would make them an outsider. ___10__③ , many jobs
and careers require people to be___11___. From this point of view ,technology has changed the
culture of work. Being reachable might feel like a ___12___ to those who may not want to be able to be
contacted at all times.
I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who ___13___wants it.
Computers can be shut ___14___and mobile phones can be turned off. The ability to be "connected" has
many ___15___ , as well as disadvantages. Travelers have ended up ___16___ on mountains, and
mobile phones have saved countless lives. They can also make people feel ___17___ and forced to
answer unwanted calls or ___18___ to unwanted texts.
Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society ___19___across generations. Some find today's
technology a gift. Others consider it a curse. Regardless of anyone's view on the subject, it's hard to
imagine what life would be like___20___④ daily advancements in technology.
l. A. updated B. received C. shared D. collected
★ 2. A. though B. until C. once D. before
3. A. respected B. shaped C. ignored D. preserved
4. A. edge B. stage C. end D. balance
5. A. sensitive B. intelligent C. considerate D. reachable
★ 6. A. even if B. only if C. as if D. if only
7. A. media B. computers C. databases D. monitors
8. A. bent B. hard C. keen D. dependent
9. A. finding B. using C. protecting D. changing
★ 10. A. Also B. Instead C. Otherwise D. Somehow
11. A. connectedB. trained C. recommended D. interested
12. A. pleasure B. benefit C. burden D. disappointment
13. A. slightly B. hardly C. merely D. really14. A. out B. down C. up D. in
15. A. aspects B. weaknesses C. advantages D. exceptions
16. A. hidden B. lost C. relaxed D. deserted
17. A. trapped B. excited C. confused D. amused
18. A. turn B. submit C. object D. reply
19. A. vary B. arise C. spread D. exist
★20. A. beyond B．within C．despite D. without
（注：选项中的黑体字为正确答案）
解析： ① 考查条件关系； ② 考查让步关系； ③ 考查并列关系； ④ 考查条件关系
满分技巧 对于逻辑衔接的考查落实到字词上则多以副词、介词短语、连词等形式出现。特别
要注意状语从句的连词，表示评注作用的副词以及段落首句和尾句。另外，插入语的逻辑衔接作用
也不可忽视。
考查三 搭配、句型及语法知识
词汇的习惯用法或固定搭配，特别是动词、名词、形容、介词等的搭配在完形填空题中经常考
查，熟悉掌握这方面的知识有助于提高解题的准确性。因此在解答完形填空题时，除了要考虑上下
文的语意联系外，还要从字词搭配、句式结构、语法知识等方面来解读。
[典例]下面例文中，标星号的题目体现了对“搭配、句型及语法”的考查。
Do you check your work emails when you’re on holiday? Do you call your ___1___ to ask what’s
happening in the office even on a day off? To be ___2__,① I do. When I see no signal on my mobile
phone in a shopping centre or no wi -fi by beach, I get ___3___. Yes, I’m ___4__ to ② work.
Technology fuels our need to stay ___5___ all the time. Portable gadgets ___6___ us to work from
home, ___7___ from③the nine-to-five routine endured by our parents. ___8___， they also make it more
difficult for us to ___9___ and recharge our “batteries”. Indeed, not all ___10___ want us to be connected
all the time. German car maker Daimler, ___11___， has offered to automatically delete emails sent to
employees while they’re ___12___. The sender of the email receives a message asking them to get in___13___ with④another employee who’s on duty, or to re-send the message at a later date. The response to
this service is basically ___14___, with 99% of the employees considering it “very good”
Occupational psychologists have been studying workers’ inability to relax when ___15___ duty.
⑤They found a number of people were ___16___ because they were traveling with technology which
allows them to remain connected with work all the time.
However, employers and employees alike are ___17___ that we’re more productive if we get the work-
life balance right. An app to deal with this problem has been created. If you are worried about spending too
much time on your smartphone, this app is to ___18___ your usage. The app ___19___ you if you go
beyond a certain limit.
Perhaps we should all take some time out to consider ___20___ ⑥we’re addicted to work, addicted to
technology, or both. It’s good to switch off once in a while.
1. A. colleagues B. relatives C. parents D. specialists
★ 2． A. exact B. certain C. honest D. positive
3. A. excited B. relaxed C. touched D. anxious
★ 4． A. blind B. addicted C. familiar D. similar
5. A. devoted B. discouraged C. connected D. confused
6. A. allow B. force C. persuade D. drive
★ 7. A. free B. absent C tired D. far
8. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Instead D. However
9. A concentrate B. continue C. relax D. succeed
10. A. friends B. employers C. customers D. assistants
11. A. for example B. or rather C. to make it worse D. just in case
12. A. in charge B. on holiday C. within reach D. at work
★ 13. A. touch B. trouble C. line D. effect
14. A. special B. casual C. popular D. positive
★ 15. A. on B. off C. with D. at
16. A. cut off B. settled down C. burnt out D. put away17. A. pretending B. realizing C. questioning D. blaming
18. A. complete B. ruin C. control D. improve
19. A. recognizes B. amuses C. confirms D. warns
★ 20. A. that B. whether C. when D. Where
（注：选项中的黑体字为正确答案）
解析： ① 考查短语to be honest
②考查短语be addicted to
③考查短语free from
④考查短语get in touch with
⑤考查短语off duty
⑥考查名词性从句的链接
满分技巧 “前后搭配”在解题时用得最多。首先以谓语动词为中心，考虑动词与介词
的搭配、动宾搭配以及句武搭配等，甚至动词能不能与一些副词搭配也需要考虑。判断
能不能搭配，除涉及词语的用法外，还需要综合语法知识及常识等来考虑。 高考在设题时为了提
高难度，常常把这些固定搭配变为被动形式或者拆开进行考查。做此类题目时，关键要将固定搭配
还原。牢记常见的固定搭配，尤其是其中心词，只要在文中出现中心词就先联想其所对应的常见搭
配，这样就可以很快得出答案。
考查四 生活常识和文化背景
解答完形填空，有时文章中提供的信息还不够，考生的英语语言知识和有关世界的知识，都发
挥着重要的作用。当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常识，巧
妙地加以运用，能够根据主题猜测细节，体会文章表达的氛围。这样将会大大简化复杂的分析与判
断过程，节省宝贵时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。
[典例1] I said that I didn’t know how to get back into town. In silence, he started driving. I ran back to
my car and drove behind him. Finally I rcognized a familiar street. As I turned to head home, the car
disappeared. Then I _____my driveway when the warning light for my gas tank turned on.
A. pulled into B. drove awayC. ran across D. fount out
影响这个题目正确作答的关键是对空后面的 driveway的含义的理解，driveay指的是the hard
area or road between your house and the street，(美) (从建筑物、车库等通至道路的) 私用车道,车道
( (英)drive)。而中国家庭大多数是不存在这样的一个driveway的。本句意思是当邮箱的耗油警示灯
亮起的时候，我也到家了，所以选pull into.正确答案为A.[典例2] Salina Joe began to ____ when she was one-year old.
A. say B. cry C. sing D. talk
根据常识判断，婴儿在一岁的时候应该是开始学说话，而不是学哭或学唱歌，故答案只能在
A、D之间选出。又因为say是及物动词，其后面需接宾语，而 talk是不及物动词，其后不需要接
宾语，故正确答案为D。
[典例3] Every morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the paper to _____
A. check B. read C. keep D. sign 外国人早
上有读报的习惯，题中的paper指的是报纸，这是理解本文细节的关键，有了这些文化背景知
识，可迅速推断出正确答案为B。
[典例4] We arrived in Spain for the first time a few weeks ago. I decided to buy a car because we had sold
the one we had in England. ... But when I turned into the main road I suddenly saw a lot of cars racing
______ me.（07 全国卷II）. A. after
B. with C. around D. towards
从语篇提供的信息看，“我”来自英国。在英国开车要靠左行驶，那么可以推知作者来到西班
牙后，行驶方向出了问题，以致于造成一系列的错误。如果了解此文化背景知识，对全文的把
握就会更加准确。答案为D。
[ 典例 5] Cyclists who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent _______. .... A.
accidents B. mistakes C. falls D. deaths 根据
常识可知，骑自行车的人在 拐弯或停车前发出信号，自然是为了避免事 故，故A为最佳选
项。
[典例6] I thought he was going to ask for my father's ___and call him. A. help
B. position C. number D. job 考查文化常
识和语境，句中后半句是and call him，依照常识，打电话需要电话号码，所以选C。
[典例7] We _____ hamburgers and Coca Colar at the counter. A.
ordered B. made C. arranged D. demanded 根据常识
及语境，“在柜台旁”不是订快餐就是付款，在选项中只有order有“点餐”之意，所以选
A.[典例8] Family traditions were important in our house, and none was more appreciated than the perfect
Christmas tree.------ I was cooking when I heard the _____ sounds as the boys carried the tree into the
living room. A happy B. loud C. terrible D. violent
如果具备文化背景知识：在西方，圣诞树于圣诞节的意义，就不难选出A. 其实文段开头也交代了
这一文化背景。
[典例9] After ____ the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before they started
the 950-mile journey back. A. growing B. putting C. planting D. laying
根据常识，南极地区冰雪覆盖，须费好大的劲将旗插进极地，plant在这里的意思是“安插”“插
牢”，故答案为C.
满分技巧 将文段意思和我们原有的生活经验、文化背景知识、以及科普常识等结合起来，
进行简单推理，从而得出正确答案。事实上，该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常是交织在一起的，因为虽
有背景知识，仍需简单推理；逻辑推理离不开背景常识。
