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专题 28 完形填空之说明文类
《考点•题型 •技巧》
考向分析
说明文类完形填空题常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明，文章可以是用来说明某一
种社会现象、一个产品的制作过程、一种产品的使用方法、某个科学成就或人类生活中所
面临的某个具体的难题。说明文所呈现的方式较为单一，作者往往一开始就交代说明的对
象，然后再从不同的角度进行说明。因此，这类文章的每一段通常就是其中的一个角度或
侧面，所以要注意概括每一个段落的主旨大意，尤其是文章每一段的开头或结尾，作者往
往会对说明的话题进行概括说明。说明文类的完形填空的特征如下：
1.文章多用现在时态
说明文通常是对客观事物或实例的介绍与说明，与时间的变化关系不大，所以文章常用现
在时态。
2.语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述
说明文的目的主要是帮助读者认清事物，明白事理，所以语言简练、平实、易于理解，内
容客观真实，很少含有带感情的词汇。
3.文章主题明确，层次分明
说明文类完形填空往往在文章开头就点明说明对象，从而为学生们把握文章主题提供了有
利条件。而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。
1.利用说明文首句，明确说明对象
2.关注内在联系，把握说明顺序
常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序（如因果关系、果因关系、先主后
次等）和认识顺序（如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质、由具体到抽
象等）。
3.逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项
1
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服“思维定式”，根据全文大意和文不离句、句不离
文的原则逐项选择。针对说明文独有的文体特点，解答时一定要注意从上下文意义、惯用
法、固定搭配、逻辑推理、常识等角度去考虑和判断，并注意其内在联系。
【题型分析】
Imagine the first days in a new time zone . Slow to respond to the 28______ , your body clock is
confused. You're sleepy all day, but when it's time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously
you're 29 _________jet lag(时差反应）.
28.A.flight B. change C. demand D. climate
【解析】：下文的“jet lag(时差反应）”说明，在旅行时要适应时差。
29.A.suffering from B. working on C. looking into D. leading to
【解析】：上文的“hardly fall asleep”说明人们常常不能顺利地倒时差；suffer from“受折
磨”。
【答案】：28.B29.A
How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is
1 _______to live no longer than 120 years. However,110 years is probably the longest that anyone
could hope to live-if he or she is 2_______ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can
live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 3_______. They wear
out, and as a result , we get old and 4 die .
1.A.designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered
【解析】：此处表示我们人体的设计就是最长活到120岁。design“设计”。
2.A.completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely
【解析】：根据上下文可知，此处表示 110岁很可能是任何一个人可能会希望活的最长的
时间了——如果一个人极其健康和幸运的话，extremely“极度，极其”。
3.A.rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately
【解析】：这里表示人类细胞不能永无止境地自我繁殖，所以人才会变老。endlessly“无止
2
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司况地，无限地”。
4.A.eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately
【解析】：get old的最终结果就是死亡，因此用eventually表示“最终”。
【答案】：1.A2.D3.C4.A
检测训练
1、 The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not
get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March- 1 six months out of the year.
"Of course, we 2 it when the sun is shining," says Karin Ro, who works for the
town's tourism office. "We see the sky is 3 , but down in the valley it's darker — it's like on
a 4 day.”
But that 5 when a system of high-tech 6 was introduced to reflect sunlight
from neighboring peaks（山峰）into the valley below. Wednesday, residents（居民）of Rjukan
7 their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside
were put to 8 . The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 9 them to turn along
with the sun throughout the 10 and to close during windy weather. They reflect a
concentrated beam（束）of light onto the town's central 11 , creating an area of sunlight
roughly 600 square meters. When the light 12 , Rjukan residents gathered together.
"People have been 13 there and standing there and taking 14 of each other," Ro
says. "The town square was totally 15 . I think almost all the people in the town were there.
"The 3,500 residents cannot all 16 the sunshine at the same time. 17 , the new light
feels like more than enough for the town's 18 residents.
"It's not very 19 ,” she says, "but it is enough when we are 20 .”
1. A. only B. obviously C. nearly D. precisely
2. A. fear B. believe C. hear D. notice
3. A. empty B. blue C. high D. wide
4. A. cloudy B. normal C. different D. warm
5. A. helped B. changed C. happened D. mattered
6. A. computers B. telescopes C. mirrors D. cameras
3
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司7. A. remembered B. forecasted C. received D. imagined
8. A. repair B. risk C. rest D. use
9. A. forbids B. directs C. predicts D. follows
10. A. day B. night C. month D. year
11. A. library B. hall C. square D. street
12. A. appeared B. returned C. faded D. stopped
13. A. driving B. hiding C. camping D. siting
14. A. pictures B. notes C. care D. hold
15. A. new B. full C. flat D. silent
16. A. block B. avoid C. enjoy D. store
17. A. Instead B. However C. Gradually D. Similarly
B. energy-
18. A. nature-loving C. weather-beatenD. sun-starved
saving
19. A. big B. clear C. cold D. easy
20. A. trying B. waiting C. watching D. sharing
【答案】 （1）C；（2）D；（3）B；（4）A；（5）B；（6）C；（7）C；（8）D；
（9）B；（10）A；（11）C；（12）A；（13）D；（14）A；（15）B；（16）C；
（17）B；（18）D；（19）A；（20）D；
【解析】【分析】本文讲述北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，为此在附近的山顶安装
了一套镜子设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场。每当光线照射的时候，人们就聚集在广场上，
为寒冷的冬季增添一丝明亮。
（1）考查副词辨析。A. only仅仅；B. obviously；显然地；C. nearly几乎；D. precisely精
确的。根据前文from late September to mid-March可知，从九月底到三月中旬，差不多半
年，故答案为C。
（2）考查动词辨析。A. fear害怕；B. believe相信；C. hear听见；D. notice注意。根据后
文 but down in the valley it's darker 可知，我们看到天空是蓝色，但是到山谷的时候，就会
变得更暗了，可知，太阳照耀的时候，我们注意到，故答案为D。
（3）考查形容词词义辨析。A. empty空的；B. blue蓝色的；C. high搞得；D. wide宽的。
根据常识可知，有太阳的时候，天空是蓝色的，故答案为B。
（4）考查形容词辨析。A. cloudy多云的；B. normal正常的；C. different不同的；D. war
m温暖的。根据前文 but down in the valley it's darker 可知，到山谷的时候，天变暗了，像
阴天一样，故答案为A。
4
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司（5）考查动词辨析。A. helped帮助；B. changed改变；C. happened发生；D. mattered关
系重大。根据后文可知，该镇引入一套阳光反射镜来改变这种情况，故答案为B。
（6）考查名词辨析。A. computers电脑；B. telescopes望远镜；C. mirrors镜子；D. camera
s相机。根据后文to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks可知，从附近的山顶上反射太阳
光，可知是镜子，故答案为C。
（7）考查动词辨析。A. remembered记得；B. forecasted预报；C. received获得，收到；
D. imagined想象。根据句意可知，该镇的居民获得了冬天里的第一缕阳光，故答案为C。
（8）考查名词辨析。A. repair修理；B. risk风险；C. rest 休息；D. use使用。根据前一
句their very first ray of winter sunshine可知，获得了冬天的第一缕阳光，是由于反射板投入
使用了，put sth to use把某物投入使用。故答案为D。
（9）考查动词辨析。句意：这些镜子由电脑控制，指导他们整天跟着太阳的位置移动而
移动，在大风的天气就自动关闭。A. forbids禁止；B. directs指导，导演；C. predicts预
测；D. follows跟随，追随。本句描述这套系统的工作原理，电脑控制镜子的移动，故选
B。
（10）考查名词辨析。A. day白天；B. night夜晚；C. month月；D. year年。根据文章可
知，太阳光出现在白天，故答案为A。
（11）考查名词辨析。A. library图书馆；B. hall大厅；C. square广场；D. street街道。根
据后文The town square可知，镜子反射聚集的光会照在小镇的中心广场上，故答案为C。
（12）考查动词辨析。A. appeared出现；B. returned归还；C. faded褪去；D. stopped停
止。根据后文Rjukan residents gathered together可知，当光照出现的时候，居民出来，故答
案为A。
（13）考查动词辨析。A. driving驾驶；B. hiding隐藏；C. camping露营；D. sitting坐。根
据本句and standing there可知，光照出现的时候，人们会出来活动，坐在那里，站在那
里，故答案为D。
（14）考查名词辨析。A. pictures照片，图片；B. notes笔记；C. care照顾；D. hold抓
住。根据文章可知，会彼此拍照，故答案为A。
（15）考查形容词辨析。A. new新的；B. full满的；C. flat平坦的；D. silent沉默的。根
据后文 I think almost all the people in the town were there.可知，差不多全镇的人都在广场
上，故可知广场全是人，故答案为B。
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司（16）考查动词辨析。A. block阻挡；B. avoid避免；C. enjoy喜欢，享受；D. store储
存。根据句意可知，并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，故答案为C。
（17）考查副词辨析。A. Instead代替；B. However然而；C. Gradually逐渐地；D. Similar
ly相似地。前一句意思为并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，后一句，新的光线为
小镇人们的意义不仅仅提供光线，故可知前后句属于转折关系，故答案为B。
（18）考查形容词辨析。A. nature-loving热爱自然的；B. energy-saving节能的；C. weathe
r-beaten受风雨侵蚀的；D. sun-starved渴望阳光的。根据前文可知，小镇差不多半年没有阳
光，故可知小镇人们渴望阳光，故答案为D。
（19）考查形容词辨析。A. big大的；B. clear清晰的；C. cold冷的；D. easy容易的。根
据前文可知，镜子反射的光线有限，范围不够大，故答案为A。
（20）考查动词辨析。A. trying尝试；B. waiting 等待；C. watching 观看；D. sharing
分享。根据句意可知，大家一起晒太阳就足够了，故答案为D。
2、There are good stories to be found in nearly every volunteer experience. But Laurie Scott
is positive that 1 an exchange student produces some of the greatest.
As a long-time volunteer with an agency that helps 2 students connect with warm and
caring 3 during their time in the US, Scot sees first-hand both the humor and the very deeply
meaningful outcomes. Scott 4 Christine, for example, a student from Norway. 5 at a
restaurant one day, Christine was asked if she wanted a soup or salad. The girl turned to Scott with
6 , “Why would I want a super salad?” Trying not to laugh too hard, Scott 7 that what the
waiter had asked was whether she wanted “soup or salad”.
Scott and her husband 8 volunteered to be a host family in August 2003. They had just
moved to Las Vegas, and she was looking for a way to get connected in the community. “The
concept of helping 9 world peace through understanding is what makes me 10 .
Through the agency I have found the best part of my community in our great families and have
been able to share the 11 side of the US with our students.”
Time and again, her 12 to service has opened hearts. In fact, she says, one of their
amazing experiences came from 13 one hosted student, a young man from Germany named
Jens, about how Americans volunteer. In Germany, where young people are 14 to spend a
year serving in the army, volunteer service is 15 . Therefore, Jens was so 16 by the
6
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司concept of giving that he 17 the agency to help promote exchanges, and became very
involved with local schools.
18 all stories that come out of international exchange, there’s a (an) 19 in this
one: Opening our hearts and 20 is something we can all do.
1. A. adopting B. hosting C. raising D. teaching
2. A. international B. promising C. needy D. urban
3. A. relatives B. colleges C. houses D. friends
4. A. misses B. remembers C. praises D. loves
5. A. Queuing B. Working C. Calling D. Ordering
6. A. surprise B. anger C. delight D. fear
7. A. announced B. realised C. explained D. concluded
8. A. obviously B. frequently C. probably D. originally
9. A. make up B. give away C. take over D. bring about
10. A. talented B. involved C. organized D. relaxed
11. A. familiar B. flexible C. positive D. controversial
12. A. sacrifice B. devotion C. response D. addiction
13. A. teaching B. reminding C. questioning D. warning
14. A. required B. advised C. determined D. considered
15. A. compulsory B. widespread C. valid D. unusual
16. A. frightened B. relieved C. attracted D. challenged
17. A. founded B. inspired C. joined D. permitted
18. A. Except B. Like C. Rather than D. Regardless of
19. A. difference B. anecdote C. amusement D. lesson
20. A. minds B. homes C. eyes D. schools
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. B
11. C 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. D 16. C 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. B
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了斯科特做志愿者家庭接待国际学生的过程中遇
到的事情以及做志愿者工作的意义。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：斯科特很肯定接待一个交换生会产生一些伟大的故事。A.
adopting 采纳；B. hosting 接待，主办；C. raising 提高，养育，募集；D. teaching 教。根
7
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司据下文中“Scott and her husband____8____volunteered to be a host family in August 2003.(斯
科特和他老公最初自愿成为寄宿家庭是在2003年8月份)”可知，此处应填hosting。故选
B。
2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个帮助国际学生在美国期间与温暖关爱的家庭建立
联系的中介公司的长期志愿者，斯科特亲眼看到了幽默和意义深远的结果。A. international
国际的；B. promising 有前途的；C. needy 需要的；D. urban 城镇的。根据下文
“Scott_______Christine, for example, a student from Norway.(例如，斯科特想起了克里斯
汀，一位来自挪威的学生)”可知，这是来自挪威的学生，所以应是帮助国际学生。故选
A。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：：作为一个帮助国际学生在美国期间与温暖关爱的家庭建立
联系的中介公司的长期志愿者，斯科特亲眼看到了幽默和意义深远的结果。A. relatives 亲
戚；B. colleges 大学；C. houses住所，家庭成员；D. friends 朋友。根据上下文可知，此处
指国际学生来到美国，中介公司帮助他们与寄住家庭建立联系，斯科特是志愿者。故选
C。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，斯科特想起了克里斯汀，一位来自挪威的学生。A.
misses思念；B. remembers 记起，想起；C. praises 表扬；D. loves 爱。根据上文可知，提
到幽默，斯科特想起了一位曾经接待过的挪威学生。故选B。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天在一家餐馆点餐时，克里斯汀被问到是要喝汤还是
吃沙拉。A. Queuing 排队；B. Working 工作；C. Calling 叫喊； D. Ordering 点餐。
根据下文“Trying not to laugh too hard, Scott____7____that what the waiter had asked was
whether she wanted “soup or salad”.(尽量笑的不要太厉害，斯科特解释说服务生问的是你想
要“汤还是沙拉”)”可知，这是在餐馆点餐。故选D。
6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个女孩惊讶地转向斯科特，“我为什么要吃超级沙
拉？”A. surprise 惊讶；B. anger生气；C. delight 开心；D. fear 害怕。根据后半句女孩问
的话，可知女孩很惊讶服务生问的话。故选A。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽量笑的不要太厉害，斯科特解释说服务生问的是你想要
“汤还是沙拉”。A. announced 宣布；B. realised 意识到；C. explained 解释；D.
concluded 得出结论。根据下半句“what the waiter had asked was whether she wanted “soup
or salad””可知，这里是斯科特向女孩解释服务生问的话。故选C。
8
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司8. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：斯科特和他老公最初自愿成为寄宿家庭是在2003年8月份。
A. obviously明显地；B. frequently频繁地；C. probably可能地；D. originally起初，最初。
根据“in August 2003”可知，这里描述最初作志愿者的情况。故选D。
9. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过理解帮助他人实现世界和平的理念让我参与其中。A.
make up 编造，化妆；B. give away 赠送；C. take over 夺取；D. bring about 带来。根据句
意可知，斯科特认为帮助能带来和平。故选D。
10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过理解帮助实现世界和平的理念让我参与其中。A.
talented 天赋高的；B. involved 参与其中的，相关的；C. organized有组织的；D. relaxed
放松的。根据上文“Scott and her husband____8____volunteered to be a host family in August
2003. (斯科特和他老公最初自愿成为寄宿家庭是在 2003年8月份)”可知，斯科特做了志愿
者，所以她参与志愿者的工作。故选B。
11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过中介公司，我发现我们社区最好的一部分在我们伟
大的家族中，并且我可以和我们的学生分享美国积极的一面。A. familiar 熟悉；B. flexible
灵活的；C. positive积极的；D. controversial 有争议的。根据上半句“Through the agency I
have found the best part of my community in our great families”可知，作者想和学生分享积极
的一面。故选C。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一次又一次，她对服务的奉献精神打开了心扉。A. sacrifice
牺牲；B. devotion 奉献；C. response回应；D. addiction 上瘾。根据上下文可知，她很热衷
于做志愿者服务。故选B。
13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说，实际上，他们其中一个奇妙经历来自教一个寄宿
生，一个来自德国的名叫延斯的学生，关于美国人如何做志愿者的事情。A. teaching教；
B. reminding 提醒；C. questioning 质问；D. warning 警告。根据空格后“one hosted
student”以及“about how Americans volunteer”可知，这里指教寄宿学生关于美国人如何做志
愿者的事情。故选A。
14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在德国，年轻人被要求服兵役一年，做志愿者服务是异常
的。A. required要求；B. advised建议；C. determined 决定；D. considered 考虑。根据空格
后“serving in the army”可知，服兵役是强制要求的。故选A。
15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在德国，年轻人被要求服兵役一年，做志愿者服务是异
常的。A. compulsory义务的；B. widespread广泛传播的；C. valid 有效的；D. unusual 异常
9
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司的，稀有的。根据上半句可知，在德国，年轻人被要求服兵役，所以做志愿者是异常的。
故选D。
16. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：延斯被给予的理念深深吸引，所以他加入了中介公司来帮
助推动交流并且他密切联系当地学校。A. frightened 害怕；B. relieved 放松；C. attracted
吸引；D. challenged 挑战。根据后半句可知，他被这一理念深深吸引。故选C。
17. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：延斯被给予的理念深深吸引，所以他加入了中介公司来帮
助推动交流并且他密切联系当地学校。A. founded 建立；B. inspired鼓舞，激励；C. joined
参加；D. permitted允许。根据下文“became very involved with local schools”可知，他加入
了中介公司一起推动交流项目。故选C。
18. 考查介词和固定搭配辨析。句意：就像所有国际交流的故事一样，这里有一个教训：
打开我们的心扉和我们的家园是我们所有人都能做到的。A. Except 除了，B. Like就像C.
Rather than 而不是；D. Regardless of 不管不顾。根据文章可知，这个故事只是所有交流故
事中的一个，但跟其他的故事一样，都有一个共同的教训。故选B。
19. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像所有国际交流的故事一样，这里有一个教训：打开我
们的心扉和我们的家园是我们所有人都能做到的。A. difference 不同；B. anecdote 趣闻，
轶事；C. amusement 娱乐；D. lesson 课程，教训。根据下文“Opening our hearts
and____20____is something we can all do.”可知，这是一个总结的经验教训。故选D。
20. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像所有国际交流的故事一样，这里有一个教训：打开我
们的心扉和我们的家园是我们所有人都能做到的。A. minds思想；B. homes 家园；C. eyes
眼睛；D. schools 学校。根据上文“Scott and her husband____8____volunteered to be a host
family in August 2003.(斯科特和他老公最初自愿成为寄宿家庭是在2003年8月份)可知，这
里是指给寄宿学生提供家园住所。故选B。
3、A scientist 1 several monkeys in order to study animal psychology. He took a
glass bottle, 2 its cork (瓶塞) and put two peanuts inside it. The peanuts dropped to the
bottom and were easily seen from the outside. He then passed the bottle to a monkey, who shook it
3 for a long while and was able to get the peanuts when they 4 fell out. The scientist
then put some peanuts into the bottle again 5 he had done before and showed the monkey
that it only needed to turn the bottle upside down for the peanuts to drop out. 6 the
monkey always ignored his 7 . Each time it just shook the bottle frantically, with great 8
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司but without necessarily achieving 9 result.
Now the question is why the monkey was unable to understand 10 the scientist
instructs. 11 because all its attentions was focused on the peanuts. Instead, it must take its
eyes off the peanuts and quickly 12 its attention to the 13 movement of the
scientist and the way the bottle was turned upside down. To achieve this, it had to calm down and
not be 14 by the impulse (诱惑) of its appetite. Yet the monkey was not able to
understand this. It is the instance like this that reveals the monkey’s some psychology is just like
15 of human beings.
1. A. kept B. rose C. fed D. caught
2. A. moving B. removed C. discovered D. covered
3. A. happily B. anxiously C. hurriedly D. instantly
4. A. suddenly B. accidentally C. occasionally D. quickly
5. A. as B. that C. what D. until
6. A. But B. When C. Therefore D. Thus
7. A. directions B. explanations C. performances D. instructions
8. A. effort B. strength C. power D. force
9. A. expecting B. interesting C. satisfying D. desired
10. A. what B. how C. why D. which
11. A. Probably B. Likely C. Simply D. Nearly
12. A. put B. send C. pay D. shift
13. A. gesture B. mouth C. hand D. eye
14. A. taken away B. taken off C. taken over D. taken on
15. A. that B. the C. those D. this
【答案】ABBBA ADADA CDCCA
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。为了研究动物心理学，一位科学家养了几只猴子做实验，发
现猴子与人类的一些心理有相似之处。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了研究动物心理学，一位科学家养了几只猴子。A. kept饲
养；B. rose上升；C. fed喂养；D. caught抓到。既然是搞研究，自然是要长期的饲养，故
A项正确。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他拿起一个玻璃瓶，取出瓶塞，放了两颗花生进去。A.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司moving移动；B. removed移除，去掉；C. discovered发现；D. covered覆盖。根据空后的
put two peanuts inside it.可知，他放了两颗花生进去，这说明他拔掉了瓶塞，故B项正确。
3. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后把瓶子递给一只猴子，猴子焦急地摇晃了很久，当花生
意外掉下来的时候，它能得到花生。A. happily高兴地；B. anxiously焦急地；C. hurriedly
匆匆；D. instantly立即。猴子想要吃瓶子里的花生，自然是焦急地晃动瓶子，故B项正
确。
4. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后把瓶子递给一只猴子，猴子焦急地摇晃了很久，当花生
意外掉下来的时候，它能得到花生。A. suddenly 突然；B. accidentally 意外地；C.
occasionally偶尔；D. quickly很快。然后他把瓶子递给一只猴子，上文说 花生掉到了瓶子
的底部，正常情况下是很难晃出来的，只能是在意外情况下掉出来，故B项正确。
5. 考查连接词辨析。句意：科学家像之前一样又往瓶子里放了一些花生，向猴子展示只需
要把瓶子倒过来花生就可以掉出来。A. as像；B. that那个；C. what什么；D. until直到。
根据空后的he had done before可知，科学家像之前一样又往瓶子里放了一些花生，用 as引
导方式状语从句，故A项正确。
6. 考查连词辨析。句意：但是猴子总是无视他的指示。A. But 但是；B. When当；C.
Therefore因此；D. Thus因此。科学家向猴子展示只需要把瓶子倒过来花生就可以掉出来，
猴子却总是无视他的指示，前后是转折关系，故A项正确。
7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是猴子总是无视他的指示。A. direction 说明；B.
explanations解释；C. performances表演；D. instructions指示。上文说科学家向猴子展示只
需要把瓶子倒过来花生就可以掉出来，这是他给猴子的指示，下文的 instructs也是提示，
故D项正确。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每次它只是疯狂地摇瓶子，努力地摇，但不一定能达到它想
要的效果。A. effort努力；B. strength力量；C. power权力；D. force武力。根据空前的it
just shook the bottle frantically可知，猴子很努力地摇瓶子，故A项正确。
9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每次它只是疯狂地摇瓶子，努力地摇，但不一定能达到它
想要的效果。A. expecting期待的；B. interesting有趣的；C. satisfying令人满意；D. desired
想要的。猴子努力地药瓶子是想让里面的花生掉出来，这是它想要的结果，故D项正确。
10. 考查宾语从句。句意：现在的问题是为什么猴子不能理解科学家的指示。understand后
的部分为宾语从句，从句中的instructs缺少宾语，应该用what引导这个宾语从句，故A项
1
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司正确。
11. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：只是因为它所有的注意力都集中在花生上。A. Probably可
能；B. Likely可能；C. Simply简单地；D. Nearly几乎。此处解释猴子不能理解科学家的指
示的原因——只是因为它所有的注意力都集中在花生上，故C项正确。
12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，它必须把目光从花生上移开，迅速地将注意力转移
到科学家的手部动作上。A. put放置；B. send发送；C. pay支付；D. shift转移。根据空后
的its attention to the ___13___ movement of the scientist可知，它必须将注意力转移到科学
家的手部动作上，故D项正确。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，它必须把目光从花生上移开，迅速地将注意力转移
到科学家的手部动作上。A. gesture手势；B. mouth嘴；C. hand手；D. eye眼睛。根据上文
的介绍可知科学家是通过手来向猴子演示把瓶子倒过来花生就会掉出来的，故C项正确。
14. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：它必须冷静下来，不要被它的食欲所控。A. taken away带
走；B. taken off 起飞；C. taken over接管；D. taken on承担。根据空后的by the impulse (诱
惑) of its appetite.可知，它必须冷静下来，不要被食欲所控（接管），故选C项正确。
15. 考查代词词义辨析。句意：正是这样的例子，揭示了猴子的某些心理与人类的相似之
处。A. that那个（指代与前面提到的同一类人或物，表单数）；B. the定冠词，表特指；C.
those那些；D. this这个。此处指代与前面的some psychology同一类事物，故A项正确。
4、When my daughter, Mia, was invited to a kids’ pool party, my heart sunk. My 41
sometimes got in the way of me doing activities with her.
There were moments that should have 42 as a warning, like the family party where I
had frightening heart palpitations(心悸) and saw Mia looking at me in 43 , but I just nut it
to the back of my 44 .
One day, one close friend 45 me, “Seriously, you are the biggest YOU I’ve ever seen.
So, from now on you’re coming to the Slimming World group with me.” Later, her words 46
in my mind. There I was, aged 33, overweight and starting to have heart 47 . What would
Mia do if she lost her dad?
48 , I was pulled into the group. With the consultant’s explanation of the eating plan, I
started a dinner with lots of vegetables. The next week, I was 49 to find I’d lost 6 pounds
—this might actually 50 !
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司With more confidence, I decided to practise swimming, 51 one day being a body-
confident dad, splashing(戏水) around 52 at a pool party with Mia. As I 53 my
swimming distance, my weight loss become even 54 . Mia loved seeing the change in me
and the 55 shone on her face.
I’m also proud of myself for turning my life around, for Mia.
41. A. weight B. sight C. height D. look
42. A. escaped B. served C. stopped D. disappeared
43. A. joy B. excitement C. curiosity D. horror
44. A. neck B. hand C. mind D. shoulder2
45. A. taught B. laughed C. asked D. warned
46. A. worked B. circled C. woke D. rose
47. A. examinations B. functions C. problems D. researches
48. A. Immediately B. Calmly C. Gradually D. Fairly
49. A. upset B. sad C. amazed D. nervous
50. A. fade away B. settle down C. break out D. pay off
51. A. imagining B. forgetting C. admitting D. worrying
52. A. slowly B. happily C. secretly D. cautiously
53. A. observed B. predicted C. increased D. measured
54. A. evident B. dull C. reliable D. strange
55. A. anger B. anxiety C. fear D. pride
【答案】41. A 42. B 43. D 44. C 45. D 46. B 47. C 48. A 49. C 50. D
51. A 52. B 53. C 54. A 55. D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。“我”在33岁的时候体重超标，而且出现了严重的心悸状况，
这也影响到了“我”和女儿的互动。在朋友的劝诫下，为了女儿，“我”开始重视体重问
题，和朋友一起参加减肥小组。在取得了一点进步后，“我”燃起了成功的希望，决定练
习游泳，随着游泳距离的增加， “我”的体重下降变得更加明显。女儿看到“我”的变化
也感到非常骄傲。
41. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的体重有时会妨碍我和她一起活动。A.weight体重；
B.sight视力；C.height高度；D.look表情。根据“There I was, aged 33, overweight”(当时我
33岁，体重超标)可知，此处是讲“我”的体重有时会妨碍“我”和她一起活动。故选A。
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司42. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些时刻本应被当作一种警告，比如在家庭聚会上，我有
可怕的心悸，看到米娅惊恐地看着我，但我只是把它抛在脑后。A.escaped逃跑；B.served
可作……用；C.stopped停止；D.disappeared消失。根据“like the family party where I had
frightening heart palpitations ”可知，此处是指这些时刻本来应被当作一种警告。故选B。
43. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些时刻本应被当作一种警告，比如在家庭聚会上，我有
可怕的心悸，看到米娅惊恐地看着我，但我只是把它抛在脑后。A.joy快乐；B.excitement
兴奋；C.curiosity好奇；D.horror恐惧。根据“I had frightening heart palpitations”可知，此
处是指米娅惊恐地看着“我”。故选D。
44. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些时刻本应被当作一种警告，比如在家庭聚会上，我有
可怕的心悸，看到米娅惊恐地看着我，但我只是把它抛在脑后。A.neck脖子；B.hand手；
C.mind头脑；大脑；D.shoulder肩膀。根据“There were moments that should have served as
a warning”可知，事实上“我”并没有重视这些警告，所以是把它抛在脑后。故选C。
45. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，一个好朋友警告我……A.taught教学；B.laughed
大笑；C.asked 询问；D.warned 警告。根据“Seriously, you are the biggest YOU I’ve ever
seen.”(说真的，你是我见过的最大的你。)可知，此处是指一个好朋友警 告“我”。故选
D。
46. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，她的话在我脑海里盘旋。A.worked工作；B.circled
盘旋；C.woke醒来；D.rose上升。根据“What would Mia do if she lost her dad?”(如果米娅
失去了父亲，她会怎么样？)可知，“我”开始思考朋友说的话，所以是她的话在“我”脑
海里盘旋。故选B。
47. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时我 33 岁，体重超标，开始出现心脏问题。
A.examinations测试；B.functions功能；C.problems问题；D.researches调查。根据“I had
frightening heart palpitations”可知，此处是指开始出现心脏问题。故选C。
48. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我立刻被拉进了小组。A.Immediately立刻；B.Calmly平静
地；C.Gradually 渐渐地；D.Fairly 相当地。根据“So, from now on you’re coming to the
Slimming World group with me.”(所以，从现在开始，你要和我一起去减肥世界小组。)和
“What would Mia do if she lost her dad?”可知，“我”在听了朋友的话后意识到了问题的严
重性，所以立刻进入了减肥小组。故选A。
49. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：接下来的一周，我惊讶地发现我减掉了6磅——这可能
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司真的会成功！A.upset失落的；B.sad伤心的；C.amazed惊奇的；D.nervous紧张的。根据
“find I’d lost 6 pounds”可知，此处是指“我”惊讶地发现“我”减掉了6磅。故选C。
50. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：接下来的一周，我惊讶地发现我减掉了6磅——这可能真
的会成功！A.fade away逐渐消失；B.settle down定居；C.break out爆发；D.pay off取得成
功。根据“find I’d lost 6 pounds”可知，在发现自己真的减下来一些体重后，“我”燃起成
功的希望。故选D。
51. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有了更多的自信，我决定练习游泳，想象有一天我能成为
一个身材自信的爸爸，和米娅在泳池派对上快乐地嬉戏。A.imagining想象；B.forgetting忘
记；C.admitting承认；D.worrying担心。根据“one day being a body-confident dad”可知，
此处是指想象有一天能成为一个身材自信的爸爸。故选A。
52. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：有了更多的自信，我决定练习游泳，想象有一天我能成为
一个身材自信的爸爸，和米娅在泳池派对上快乐地嬉戏。A.slowly慢慢地；B.happily快乐
地；C.secretly秘密地；D.cautiously谨慎地。根据“splashing around”可知，此处是指快乐
地嬉戏。故选B。
53. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着我游泳距离的增加，我的体重下降变得更加明显。
A.observed观察；B.predicted预测；C.increased增加；D.measured测量。根据“my weight
loss become even evident”可知，此处是指增加游泳距离。故选C。
54. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着我游泳距离的增加，我的体重下降变得更加明显。
A.evident 明显的；B.dull 钝的；C.reliable 可靠的；D.strange 奇怪的。根据“Mia loved
seeing the change in me”(米娅喜欢看到我的改变)可知，此处是指体重下降变得更加明显。
故选A。
55. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：米娅喜欢看到我的变化，骄傲的神情在她脸上流露出来。
A.anger 生气；B.anxiety 焦虑；C.fear 恐惧；D.pride 骄傲。根据“Mia loved seeing the
change in me”可知，米娅对“我”的改变感到骄傲。故选D。
5、As our Earth’s temperature warms up because of climate change, it is having unexpected
effects on our world’s forests. When temperatures rise, trees close their skins to 1 the loss
of water, and this, in turn, slows down the 2 of photosynthesis(光合作用). As a result,
these trees are shorter and grow slowly, as well as have a 3 death rate.
Climate change also increases the 4 of droughts and wildfires. After wildfires, it takes
1
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司a while for the forest systems to 5 , and in some cases, the forests are 6
permanently. Trees that are stressed are also 7 to attacks by bacteria(细菌). In tropical
forests, vines that use the trees as 8 can often choke the trees and rob them of nutrients.
Finally, humans have 9 the forest landscape through logging. When trees are replanted on
the soil, they will never grow as large as the 10 trees that were cut down.
As these forests disappear, species that once called them “home” are forced to change, 11
the variety of those systems. 12 , some endangered species are unable to 13 and
die. Old-growth forests are disappearing in all regions of our world. When forests die, younger
forests that are reestablished in the same area grow back weaker and smaller 14 poor
vegetation. With trees dying increasingly and continuously, will future generations 15 out
on the wonders of forests?
1. A. protect B. prevent C. save D. free
2. A. movement B. situation C. process D. operation
3. A. higher B. firmer C. lighter D. smaller
4. A. choice B. measure C. qualification D. chance
5. A. grow B. rescue C. recover D. decline
6. A. ignored B. lost C. hurt D. left
7. A. accessible B. enjoyable C. acceptable D. favorable
8. A. attention B. command C. trust D. support
9. A. frightened B. paid C. ruined D. wasted
10. A. common B. original C. distant D. strong
11. A. affecting B. improving C. forgetting D. reflecting
12. A. Besides B. Surprisingly C. Otherwise D. Unfortunately
13. A. devote B. keep C. adapt D. lead
14. A. due to B. in addition to C. instead of D. in spite of
15. A. pass B. miss C. break D. bring
【答案】BCADC BADCB ADCAB
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了由于气候变化，地球温度上升，这对我们世界
的森林产生了意想不到的影响。先是温度上升导致树木矮小，生长缓慢，死亡率高；其
次，气候变化也增加了干旱和野火的可能性，野火导致了森林的消失，因此以森林为
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司“家”的物种被迫发生改变，甚至死亡。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当温度上升时，树木会将树皮闭合，以防止水分流失，而这
反过来又会减慢光合作用的进程。A. protect保护；B. prevent阻止；C. save拯救；D. free
释放。根据后文the loss of water可知树木将皮肤闭合是为了阻止水分的流失。故选B。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当温度上升时，树木会将树皮闭合，以防止水分流失，而这
反过来又会减慢光合作用的进程。A. movement活动；B. situation情况；C. process进程；
D. operation操作。结合上下文语境，树木闭合了树皮来防止水分流失，这反过来又减缓了
光合作用的进程（process）。故选C。
3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，这些树较矮，生长缓慢，死亡率也较高。A. higher
更高的；B. firmer更坚固的；C. lighter更明亮的；D. smaller更小的。根据上文these trees
are shorter and grow slowly可知树木矮小，生长缓慢，所以死亡率也会更高了。故选A。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：气候变化也增加了干旱和野火的可能性。A. choice选择；B.
measure测量；C. qualification资格；D. chance可能性，机会。根据后文After wildfires可知
全球气温升高增加了干旱和野火发生的可能性。故选D。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：野火过后，森林系统需要一段时间才能恢复，在某些情况
下，森林会永久无法恢复。A. grow生长；B. rescue营救；C. recover恢复；D. decline下
降。结合上文After wildfires, it takes a while for the forest systems to 可知野火焚烧了森林之
后，森林系统需要时间才能恢复。故选C。
6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：野火过后，森林系统需要一段时间才能恢复，在某些情况
下，森林会永久无法恢复。A. ignored被忽视的；B. lost无法恢复的；C. hurt受伤的；D.
left左边的。结合上文可知野火焚烧了森林，森林需要时间来恢复，但是某些情况下，森林
也可能不能恢复了。故选B。
7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：压力大的树木也容易受到细菌的攻击。A. accessible易接
近的；B. enjoyable 快乐的；C. acceptable 可接受的；D. favorable 赞成的。根据后文 to
attacks by bacteria可知树木也容易受到细菌的攻击。短语be accessible to“容易进入的，容易
接近的”。故选A。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在热带森林中，以树木为支撑的藤本植物经常会窒息树木，
并剥夺树木的营养。A. attention注意力；B. command命令；C. trust信任；D. support支
撑，支持。结合上文vines that use the trees as可知藤本植物是以树木为支撑的，故选D。
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，人类通过伐木，毁坏了森林景观。A. frightened使害
怕；B. paid支付；C. ruined毁灭；D. wasted浪费。结合后文the forest landscape through
logging可知人类伐木毁坏了森林景观。故选C。
10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当树木被重新种植在土壤上时，它们永远不会长得像原
来被砍伐的树那么大。A. common普通的；B. original原来的；C. distant遥远的；D. strong
强壮的。结合后文trees that were cut down可知此处指的是，人们新种植的树木，不会长得
像原来被砍伐的树那么大了。故选B。
11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着这些森林的消失，曾经把它们称为“家”的物种被迫
改变，影响了这些系统的多样性。A. affecting影响；B. improving改善；C. forgetting忘
记；D. reflecting 放射。承接上文 As these forests disappear, species that once called them
“home” are forced to change可知森林的消失，改变了这些物种，也影响了这些物种的多样
性。故选A。
12. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，一些濒危物种无法适应而死亡。A. Besides而
且；B. Surprisingly惊人地；C. Otherwise否则；D. Unfortunately不幸地。根据后文some
endangered species are unable to可知某些物种很不幸地是，无法适应这些改变，只能死亡。
故选D。
13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，一些濒危物种无法适应而死亡。A. devote贡
献；B. keep 保持；C. adapt 适应；D. lead 带领。根据上文 species that once called them
“home” are forced to change可知物种被迫发生改变了，而某些物种无法适应，只能死去。
故选C。
14. 考查短语辨析。句意：当森林死亡时，在同一地区重新建立的年轻森林由于植被不
良，而变得更弱更小。A. due to因为；B. in addition to另外；C. instead of而不是；D. in
spite of尽管。根据后文poor vegetation可知此处指年轻森林由于（due to）植被不良，而变
得更弱更小。故选A。
15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着树木不断地死亡，子孙后代会错过森林的奇迹吗？A.
pass 通过；B. miss 错过；C. break 打破；D. bring 带来。结合后文 out on the wonders of
forests可知此处指错过森林的奇迹。短语miss out“错过”。故选B。
6、My family went on holiday for a week this summer. I was surprised to learn the sleeping
71 for the night — my young daughter had agreed to sleep in a first-floor bedroom by herself.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司As we 72 , we discussed the deer we had 73 on our way. “I hope we could see
a bear or two this 74 !” my wife shouted. At bedtime, my wife and I went to the upstairs
room, and my parents-in-law (岳父母) headed for a 75 on the first floor. My wife and I
were about to sleep when our daughter appeared with a/an 76 look on her face. She said a
77 was scratching (刮出刺耳声) at her window. I decided it would be best if I slept downstairs
and my daughter shared the room with my wife.
On my way down, I passed my father-in-law, asleep in front of the 78 .
I was in bed only a few minutes when I heard a tap … tap on the window outside. Something
was indeed out there. 79 , it wasn’t a bear — I told myself. I fell asleep soon. Some time
later, I was 80 by a strange sound. I saw a large 81 in the doorway and froze as it
82 closer to me. I realized what it was — only after my father in-law bent down to give me a
kiss. “It’s David.” My father-in-law jumped back. We laughed 83 at the awkward moment,
and I explained his granddaughter’s bedroom 84 . I told him that the only thing 85
than a bear attack was Papa Bear coming in to kiss me good-night.
71. A. schedules B. arrangements C. plots D. routines
72. A. settled in B. broke in C. looked down D. calmed down
73. A. shot B. hunted C. trained D. spotted
74. A. evening B. week C. month D. year
75. A. study B. kitchen C. bedroom D. bathroom
76. A. worried B. embarrassed C. delighted D. satisfied
77. A. dog B. deer C. cat D. bear
78. A. house B. television C. door D. fire
79. A. Besides B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However
80. A. awakened B. interrupted C. impressed D. struck
81. A. figure B. person C. animal D. ghost
82. A. climbed B. jumped C. inched D. rolled
83. A. eagerly B. sincerely C. secretly D. nervously
84. A. preference B. switch C. difference D. choice
85. A. prettier B. funnier C. scarier D. stranger
【答案】71. B 72. A 73. D 74. B 75. C 76. A 77. D 78. B 79. D 80. A
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司81. A 82. C 83. D 84. B 85. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者一家度假时，小女儿同意自己睡在一楼的卧室
里，结果正要睡觉时女儿说有熊在抓她的窗户，于是作者和女儿换了房间。作者睡着后被
奇怪的声音吵醒，结果是岳父，他本来是想给孙女晚安吻的，结果不知道作者和女儿换了
房间，两人都尴尬地笑了。
71. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：得知当晚的睡觉安排时，我很惊讶——我的小女儿同意自
己睡在一楼的卧室里。A. schedules 时间表；B. arrangements 安排；C. plots 情节；D.
routines常规。根据后文“my young daughter had agreed to sleep in a first-floor bedroom by
herself”提到小女儿同意睡在一楼的卧室，可推测是做睡觉房间的安排，故选B。
72. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：歇下后，我们谈起路上看到的那只鹿。A. settled in迁入，
歇息；B. broke in闯入；C. looked down往下看；D. calmed down平静下来。上文提到做睡
觉安排，可推测此处是指他们歇息下以后开始谈论路上看到的鹿。故选A。
73. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：歇下后，我们谈起路上看到的那只鹿。A. shot发射；B.
hunted狩猎；C. trained训练；D. spotted发现。根据上文“we discussed the deer we had”指
路上看到的鹿，应用spot。故选D。
74. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我希望这周能看到一两只熊！A. evening晚上；B. week
周；C. month 月；D. year 年。呼应第一段中“My family went on holiday for a week this
summer.”指度假这一周看到熊。故选B。
75. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：睡觉的时候，我和妻子去了楼上的房间，岳父岳母去了一
楼的卧室。A. study书房；B. kitchen厨房；C. bedroom卧室；D. bathroom浴室。根据上文
“At bedtime”可知睡觉时间应当是去卧室休息。故选C。
76. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我和妻子正要睡觉时，我们的女儿出现了，脸上带着忧
虑的神情。A. worried担心的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. delighted高兴的；D. satisfied满
意的。后文提到女儿说有熊在抓窗户，可知女儿是带着忧虑的神情。故选A。
77. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说有只熊在抓她的窗户。A. dog狗；B. deer鹿；C. cat
猫；D. bear熊。根据后文“it wasn’t a bear — I told myself”可知女儿以为是熊在抓窗户。故
选D。
78. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我下楼的路上，我遇到了在电视机前睡觉的岳父。A.
house房子；B. television电视；C. door门；D. fire火。根据上文“asleep in front of the”结合
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司当时是在室内，推测岳父是在电视机前睡着了。故选B。
79. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我告诉自己，那不是一只熊。A. Besides此外；B.
Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. However然而。上文提到确实有东西在那里，后文
说告诉自己那不是一只熊，前后为转折关系，应用however。故选D。
80. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：过了一会儿，我被一个奇怪的声音吵醒了。A. awakened唤
醒；B. interrupted打断；C. impressed使印象深刻；D. struck罢工。根据后文“by a strange
sound”指被奇怪的声音吵醒，awaken符合语境。故选A。
81. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我看到门口有一个巨大的身影，当它一点点靠近我时，我
愣住了。A. figure身影；B. person人；C. animal动物；D. ghost鬼。根据后文“only after
my father in-law bent down to give me a kiss”可知作者一开始看到一个巨大的身影在门口，故
选A。
82. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看到门口有一个巨大的身影，当它一点点靠近我时，我
愣住了。A. climbed攀爬；B. jumped跳跃；C. inched缓慢前进；D. rolled滚动。根据后文
“closer to me. I realized what it was — only after my father in-law bent down to give me a kiss”
作者看清那个身影是岳父，可推测这个身影缓慢靠近了作者。故选C。
83. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在这尴尬的时刻，我们都紧张地笑了起来，我向他解释他
的孙女换了卧室。A. eagerly急切地；B. sincerely真诚地；C. secretly秘密地；D. nervously
紧张地。根据上文““It’s David.” My father-in-law jumped back.”可知岳父本来是想亲吻孙
女，结果发现是作者，所以在这尴尬的时刻，他们都紧张地笑了起来，故选D。
84. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这尴尬的时刻，我们都紧张地笑了起来，我向他解释他
的孙女换了卧室。A. preference偏爱；B. switch转换；C. difference差异；D. choice选择。
呼应上文“I slept downstairs and my daughter shared the room with my wife.”作者和女儿换了
房间。故选B。
85. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我告诉他，唯一比熊袭击更可怕的事情就是熊爸爸来和
我晚安吻。A. prettier更美的；B. funnier更有趣的；C. scarier更吓人的；D. stranger更陌生
的。根据后文“than a bear attack was Papa Bear coming in to kiss me good-night”结合上文作
者看到门口巨大身影时的反应，可知此处指比熊袭击更可怕的事情就是熊爸爸来和自己晚
安吻。故选C。
7、What's the first thing that comes to mind when you think of the word “culture”？ Do you
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司think of different groups of people across the world with various 1 and clothing? What
about animals?
Sam Williams,executive director of the Macaw(金刚鹦鹉）Recovery Network in Costa
Rica, helps to 2 the impact of the decline of macaw populations by taking birds that were
born 3 and releasing them into the wild. But this process is very 4
＂In a cage,you can't 5 them to know where,when and how to find that food, or about
trees with good nest sites," Williams told ecologist and writer Carl Safina for the Guardian. In the
wild, the parents would be the ones to teach them this important 6
This type of knowledge is known as cultural knowledge. Cultural knowledge can be 7
from the older generation to the newer one. For many species,cultural knowledge is necessary for
8
Culture helps animals to 9 different habitats.For example,some crows(乌鸦）have
learned to put nuts in the middle of the road for cars to drive over. And in other areas, they have
learned to do this at intersections so they can 10 get the food when the cars stop at red
lights.
Other important parts of cultural knowledge include things like group identity, using different
tools,taking different 11 routes and using different socializing methods.
These traditions can especially be seen in chimpanzee communities. Cat Hobaiter,who
studies chimpanzees in Uganda,said:"It's not just the 12 of populations of chimps that
worries me.I find 13 the possibility of losing each population's unique culture. That's
permanent.”
Culture isn't just for 14 .Culture is also an important part of life in the wild from using
tools to 15 .
1. A. communities B. zones C. traditions D. divisions
2. A. squeeze B. reduce C. wrestle D. delete
3. A. encaged B. enlarged C. encouraged D. ensured
4. A. tentative B. slow C. lame D. abrupt
5. A. elect B. swap C. assess D. train
6. A. brochure B. seminar C. framework D. information
7. A. passed down B. taken up C. followed up D. put together
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司8. A. management B. survival C. currency D. cooperation
9. A. cater to B. push for C. adapt to D. dive in
10. A. safely B. desperately C. surprisingly D. hopefully
11. A. irrigation B. migration C. suspension D. collision
12. A. loss B. dilemma C. adjustment D. prevention
13. A. enterprising B. flexible C. artificial D. terrifying
14. A. animals B. plants C. humans D. nails
15. A. refreshing B. weeping C. negotiating D. socializing
【答案】CBABD DABCA BADCD
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文说明了文化与传承对于野生动物的重要性，动物在进化中
适应环境产生了不同的文化，这也帮助他们能更好的生存下去。
1.考查名词词义辨析。句意：你认为世界上不同的民族有不同的传统和服装吗?
A.communities社区； B.zones空间；C.traditions传统； D.divisions分支。根据前文讲到文
化可知，此处是讲不同的传统和服装。故选C。
2.考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sam Williams是哥斯达黎加金刚鹦鹉恢复网络的执行主任，
他帮助减少金刚鹦鹉数量减少的影响，方法是将出生在笼子里的鸟放回野外。A.squeeze挤
压； B.reduce 减少； C.wrestle 缠绕； D.delete 删除。根据“ by taking birds that were
born...and releasing them into the wild.”可知，他帮助减少金刚鹦鹉数量减少的影响。故选
B。
3.考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sam Williams是哥斯达黎加金刚鹦鹉恢复网络的执行主任，
他帮助减少金刚鹦鹉数量减少的影响，方法是将出生在笼子里的鸟放回野外。A.encaged关
进笼子； B.enlarged扩大； C.encouraged鼓励； D.ensured保证。他做的努力是把出生在
笼子里的鸟儿放归大自然。我们继续往下看文章发现下一段的第一句话 in a cage，you
can't......所以显然我们推断出他是把出生在笼子里的鸟儿放回自然，所以此处选择
encaged。故选A。
4.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这个过程非常缓慢。A.tentative实验性的； B.slow缓慢
的； C.lame瘸的； D.abrupt突然的。从下文可以看出，因为缺乏亲生父母的教导，这个
过程非常的困难、非常艰辛，所以此处选择slow。故选B。
5.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在笼子里，你无法训练它们知道在哪里、何时以及如何找到
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司食物，也无法训练它们找到有好的筑巢地点的树。A.elect选举； B.swap交换； C.assess
评价； D.train训练。根据“know where,when and how to find that food, or about trees with
good nest sites”可知，将出生在笼子里的鸟放回野外需要训练。故选D。
6.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在野外，父母会教给孩子这些重要的信息。A.brochure手册；
B.seminar讨论会； C.framework框架； D.information信息。此处是指前文提到的“在哪
里、何时以及如何找到食物”、“有好的筑巢地点的树”，这些都是信息。故选D。
7.考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：文化知识可以从老一辈传给下一代。A.passed down传
递； B。taken up占据； C.followed up跟随； D.put together组装。根据“from the older
generation to the newer one”可知，此处是讲文化知识可以从老一辈传给下一代。故选A。
8.考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于许多物种来说，文化知识是生存所必需的。
A.management管理； B.survival生存； C.currency货币； D.cooperation合作。从上文的
食物和筑巢中不难推测出，这些知识至关重要以至于没有了它们甚至无法存活的。故选
B。
9.考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：文化帮助动物适应不同的栖息地。A.cater to迎合；
B.push for奋力争取； C.adapt to适应； D.dive in潜入。根据后文讲乌鸦在不同的地区做
出相应的行为来适应环境可知，此处是讲文化帮助动物适应不同的栖息地。故选C。
10.考查副词词义辨析。句意：在其他地区，他们已经学会在十字路口这样做，这样当汽车
红灯时，他们可以安全地拿到食物。A.safely 安全地； B.desperately 不顾一切地；
C.surprisingly惊讶地； D.hopefully有希望地。根据前文提到乌鸦把坚果放在路中间是为了
让车停下可知，这样就能安全地获得食物。故选A。
11.考查名词词义辨析。句意：文化知识的其他重要部分包括群体认同、使用不同的工具、
采取不同的迁移路线和使用不同的社交方法。A.irrigation 灌溉； B.migration 迁徙；
C.suspension暂停； D.collision碰撞。这里讲的动物们的习惯，并且后面有routes，显然会
想到迁移路线migration routes。故选B。
12.考查名词词义辨析。句意：让我担心的不仅仅是黑猩猩数量的减少。A.loss损失；
B.dilemma 窘境； C.adjustment 调整； D.prevention 阻止。下一句话中的 losing each
population's unique culture暗示了上一句话空格处是loss of populations。此处需要注意前后
文的呼应。故选A。
13.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我发现失去每个民族独特的文化是可怕的。A.enterprising
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司有事业心的； B.flexible灵活的； C.artificial人造的 ；D.terrifying令人恐惧的。作者发现
失去每个民族独特的文化是可怕的。故选D。
14.考查名词词义辨析。句意：文化不仅仅是人类的。A.animals动物； B.plants食物；
C.humans人类； D.nails钉子。空格后一句说，文化也是野生动物的。所以空格前面与之
对应应该选择humans。故选C。
15.考查动词词义辨析。句意：从使用工具到社交，文化也是野外生活的重要组成部分。
A.refreshing更新； B.weeping哭泣； C.negotiating协商； D.socializing社交。根据前文讲
乌鸦使用工具和动物的群体认同（Other important parts of cultural knowledge include things
like group identity）可知，此处是讲从使用工具到社交。故选D。
8、He loves visiting with the people on his route and is always looking for ways to help the
neighborhood during his more than 12-hour long shifts.
So, when the 86 in his Georgia community moved entirely online in the spring,
Finley, or “Mr. Adam” as the kids call him, couldn’t help but feel 87 for the students stuck
inside all day; some going 88 or months without seeing their classmates 89 .
One day during his daily route in Stone Mountain, Finley decided to do something to help
90 the spirits of the Jones sisters, Eva, 7, and Aria, 6. “These girls haven’t been able to go to
school or see their 91 all year,” Finley told CNN. “I thought, ‘What can I do to bring a
smile to their faces? Something different, something to bring some excitement for the day. ”
After checking with the girls’ parents, Finley 92 some cards out of his pocket and
started the first of many games of Tic-tac-toe(井字棋).
It was an instant 93 .
Every morning for the next few weeks, Eva and Aria would run out to the 94 to make
their strategic moves, leave the cards in the mailbox, and wait for “Mr. Adam” to make his 95
when he returned with their mail the following day.
Finley says he would let the girls win so he can reward them with a 96 . “They are
always so excited to win,” Finley said. “I’ve surprised them with gift cards for ice cream, flavored
popcorn, anything to make them 97 .”
Finley, who has two grown children of his own, says he feels for the young kids not being
able to 98 the joys of in-person school this year. “When it’s 7:30 in the morning and those
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司girls are all excited waving at the door, that’s my 99 ,” he said.
“It was what they 100 every morning, seeing what move he would make,” the girls’
mother, Erin Jones, told CNN. Jones said that although 2020 has been tough she is grateful for the
101 it taught her and her family about 102 the small moments in life.
“Insignificant moments of ‘normal’ are now extremely important,” Jones said. “The USPS
(美国邮局) may have had a hard year, but there’s no doubt in the Jones house that the Christmas
spirit is 103 and well because of one of their best 104 ,” she added. “Thank you,
Mr. Adam, for bringing such 105 to such a dark year. ”
Nowadays Finley is playing the game with other neighborhood kids.
86. A. mails B. schools C. factories D. communities
87. A. sorry B. excited C. grateful D. ashamed
88. A. seconds B. days C. weeks D. centuries
89. A. on purpose B. by accident C. at once D. in person
90. A. upset B. control C. lift D. develop
91. A. classmates B. relatives C. parents D. scholars
92. A. drew B. put C. hid D. persuaded
93. A. game B. hit C. incident D. entertainment
94. A. house B. mailbox C. vehicle D. classroom
95. A. move B. decision C. suggestions D. comments
96. A. book B. prize C. trip D. Tic-tac-toe
97. A. calm B. proud C. smile D. sigh
98. A. observe B. satisfy C. sacrifice D. experience
99. A. misfortune B. disbelief C. program D. reward
100. A. was afraid of B. was ashamed of
C. looked up to D. looked forward to
101. A. information B. lesson C. knowledge D. policy
102. A. appreciating B. recording C. recalling D. confirming
103. A. awkward B. annoyed C. alive D. anxious
104. A. customers B. colleagues C. citizens D. employees
105. A. concept B. promise C. light D. virtue
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司【答案】86. B 87. A 88. C 89. D 90. C 91. A 92. A 93. A 94. B 95. A
96. B 97. C 98. D 99. D 100. D 101. B 102. A 103. C 104. D 105. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述邮递员芬利在新冠期间，通过和社区的孩子玩井
字游戏让这些被困在家里的孩子得到了乐趣，也因此在这个黑暗时刻给那些家庭带去了光
明。
86. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，当他所在的乔治亚社区的学校在春季完全转到网上
时，芬利或“亚当先生”(孩子们这样称呼他)不禁为那些整天被困在家里的学生感到惋
惜；A. mails邮件；B. schools学校；C. factories工厂；D. communities社区。根据下文的
“for the students stuck inside all day”可知，此处是指由于新冠，该社区所有的学校在春季时
都开始网上授课。且下文的“These girls haven’t been able to go to school”也是提示。故选
B。
87. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，当他所在的乔治亚社区的学校在春季完全转到网
上时，芬利或“亚当先生”(孩子们这样称呼他)不禁为那些整天被困在家里的学生感到惋
惜；A. sorry抱歉的；B. excited兴奋的，激动的；C. grateful感激的；D. ashamed羞愧的。
根据下文“for the students stuck inside all day”可知，芬利为孩子们整日被困在家里感到惋
惜，feel sorry for“对……感到惋惜”。故选A。
88. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些人几周甚至几个月都没有亲自见到自己的同学。A.
seconds秒；B. days 天，日子；C. weeks周；D. centuries 世纪。根据常识和下文的“or
months”可知，此处用几周甚至几个月符合语境。故选C。
89. 考查副词短语辨析。句意：有些人几周甚至几个月都没有亲自见到自己的同学。A. on
purpose故意地；B. by accident意外地；C. at once立刻；D. in person亲自。结合上文提到
学校进行网上授课可知，学生们已经很久没有亲自见到自己的同学。故选D。
90. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，在石山进行每天派送邮件时，芬利决定做些事情来
帮助琼斯姐妹——7岁的伊娃和6岁的艾瑞亚——振作精神。A. upset使……沮丧；B.
control控制；C. lift举起，提高，使心情变好；D. develop发展，开发。根据下文的“What
can I do to bring a smile to their faces？”可知，芬利想做点事情让姐妹两的心情好起来，lift
the spirits of sb.“使某人精神振奋”。故选C。
91. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这些女孩一整年都不能去上学，也不能见自己的同
学。”A. classmates同学；B. relatives亲戚；C. parents父母；D. scholars学者。根据上文的
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司“These girls haven’t been able to go to school”可知，姐妹两没能去上学，因此很久没有见到
自己的同学。故选A。
92. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在和两个女孩的父母商量后，芬利从口袋里抽出几张牌，
开始玩井字棋。A. drew画画，吸引，抽出；B. put 放置；C. hid隐藏；D. persuaded劝
说。根据下文的“some cards out of his pocket”可知，是从衣服口袋里抽出事先准备好的井
字棋。故选A。
93. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一款即时游戏。A. game游戏，比赛；B. hit受欢迎的
人或物；C. incident事件；D. entertainment娱乐节目，招待。根据上文的“the first of many
games of Tic-tac-toe”可知，此处是指井字棋是一款即时游戏。故选A。
94. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几个星期里，每天早上，伊娃和艾瑞亚都会跑
到邮箱，制定战略性的走棋，把卡片放在邮箱里，然后等着亚当先生第二天带着他们的邮
件回来时完成他的走棋。A. house房子；B. mailbox邮箱；C. vehicle车辆；D. classroom教
室。根据下文的“leave the cards in the mailbox”可知，此处是指姐妹两跑到邮箱边去完成自
己的走棋。故选B。
95. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几个星期里，每天早上，伊娃和艾瑞亚都会跑
到邮箱，制定战略性的走棋，把卡片放在邮箱里，然后等着亚当先生第二天带着他们的邮
件回来时完成他的走棋。A. move运动，走棋；B. decision决定；C. suggestions建议；D.
comments评论。根据上文的“to make their strategic moves”可知，此处是指芬利的走棋。故
选A。
96. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：芬利说他会让女孩们赢，这样他就可以奖励她们一个奖
品。A. book 书；B. prize 奖品；C. trip 旅行；D. Tic-tac-toe 井字棋。根据下文的“I’ve
surprised them with gift cards for ice cream, flavored popcorn”可知，女孩们赢了芬利会给她们
奖品。故选B。
97. 考查动词和形容词词义辨析。句意：我用冰淇淋的礼品卡、美味的爆米花，以及任何
能让她们微笑的东西给她们带来惊喜。A. calm冷静；B. proud骄傲的，自豪的；C. smile
微笑；D. sigh叹息。根据上文的“Finley decided to do something to help _____ the spirits of
the Jones sisters”可知，芬利这样做是为了让姐妹两开心。故选C。
98. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：芬利自己也有两个成年孩子，他说他很同情今年的孩子们
不能亲身体验学校的乐趣。A. observe遵守，观察；B. satisfy满足；C. sacrifice牺牲；D.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司experience经历，体验。结合孩子们今年因为新冠不能去上学可知，他们不能体验学校的乐
趣。故选D。
99. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“当早上七点半，那些女孩都兴奋地在门口招手
时，这就是我的回报。”A. misfortune不幸；B. disbelief不信；C. program项目；D. reward
报酬，回报。结合语境可知，芬利把孩子们的快乐看作自己的回报。故选D。
100. 考查短语辨析。句意：“这是他们每天早上所期待的，看看他会走出什么样的新棋
招，”女孩的母亲艾琳·琼斯告诉CNN。A. was afraid of害怕；B. was ashamed of对……感
到愧疚；C. looked up to尊敬，仰慕；D. looked forward to期待。根据上文的“When it’s
7:30 in the morning and those girls are all excited waving at the door”可知，女孩们每天早上都
期待着芬利的到来。故选D。
101. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：琼斯说，虽然2020年很艰难，但她很感激它给她和她的
家人上的一颗——感激生命中的点点滴滴。A. information 信息；B. lesson课程，教
训；C. knowledge知识；D. policy政策。结合上下文可知，经过这件事琼斯有了新的感
悟，懂了要感激生命中点点滴滴，因此可说此事给她和她的家人上了一课。故选B。
102. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：琼斯说，虽然2020年很艰难，但她很感激它给她和她的
家人上的一颗——感激生命中的点点滴滴。A. appreciating感激，欣赏；B. recording记
录，录制；C. recalling回忆；D. confirming证实。根据下文的““Thank you, Mr. Adam, for
bringing such _____ to such a dark year. ””可知，琼斯对芬利表示感谢，由此推知她学到了
要感激生活中的点点滴滴。故选A。
103. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她补充说：“USPS可能经历了艰难的一年，但毫无疑
问，在琼斯之家，圣诞节是有活力的，这都是因为他们最好的员工之一。”A. awkward尴
尬的；B. annoyed生气的；C. alive活的，有活力的；D. anxious焦虑的。根据上文的“The
USPS (美国邮局) may have had a hard year”和but表示转折可知，尽管美国邮局经历了艰难
的一年，但琼斯家的圣诞节一定是充满活力的。故选C。
104. 考查名词词义辨析。她补充说：“USPS可能经历了艰难的一年，但毫无疑问，在琼
斯之家，圣诞节是有活力的，这都是因为他们最好的员工之一。”A. customers顾客；B.
colleagues同事；C. citizens市民；D. employees雇员。根据上文内容可知，芬利是邮递员，
那么他就是美国邮局的员工之一。故选D。
105. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“谢谢你，亚当先生，在这黑暗的一年里带来了这样的光
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司明。”A. concept概念，主旨；B. promise诺言；C. light光；D. virtue美德。根据下文的
“such a dark year.”可知，此处指芬利通过自己的行为给琼斯一家带来了光明。故选C。
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