文档内容
专题 03 完形填空之说明文和议论文
目录
01 模拟基础练
完形填空之说明文（最新模拟）
完形填空之议论文（最新模拟）
02 重难创新练（完形填空创新题）
03 真题实战练
完形填空之说明文（最新模拟）
1.（2025·湖南省长沙市第一中学高三适应性演练）
体裁：说明文 词数：209 话题：2025年央视春晚的四个分会场及其各自的特点 难度：
★★★☆☆
The 2025 CCTV Spring Festival Gala’s four sub-venues added a special taste to the event. Each sub-venue,
with its own 1 features, brought a unique part of Chinese culture to the forefront.
Wuhan, a city with a long history, 2 a combination of traditional and modern elements. The
Yellow Crane Tower, an ancient 3 provided a magnificent backdrop for the shows. Han embroidery, with
its 4 stitches, was displayed on stage, 5 the city’s long-standing craftsmanship.
Chongqing, famous for its 6 mountain-city scenery, built a stage by the Yangtze River. The electric
Sichuan opera, especially its face-changing act, greatly 7 the audience. The introduction of Chongqing
hot-pot, a symbol of local food culture, 8 the city’s unique charm.
Wuxi, with its beautiful waterways and classical gardens, 9 a peaceful and elegant scene. The
Huai opera, with its 10 melodies, filled the air. Local artisans’ delicate clay figurines, 11
with great care, were 12 for all to see.
Lhasa, the holy city on the Tibetan Plateau, 13 a sense of solemnity. Against the backdrop of thePotala Palace, Tibetan dancers in colorful costumes performed traditional dances. Monks chanted scriptures, adding
a 14 of religious solemnity. The display of Thangka paintings, filled with deep religious meaning,
15 the profound Tibetan culture.
1．A．common B．distinct C．similar D．regular
2．A．showed B．hid C．avoided D．denied
3．A．symbol B．reserve C．singal D．landmark
4．A．rough B．simple C．delicate D．thick
5．A．forgetting B．remembering C．demonstrating D．questioning
6．A．unique B．dull C．plain D．boring
7．A．gentle B．quiet C．calm D．energetic
8．A．weakened B．questioned C．strengthened D．doubted
9．A．presented B．hid C．avoided D．denied
10．A．loud B．soft C．noisy D．harsh
11．A．made B．bought C．sold D．borrowed
12．A．hidden B．stored C．displayed D．kept
13．A．brought B．took C．carried D．fetched
14．A．bit B．part C．piece D．touch
15．A．revealed B．rejected C．remembered D．removed
【答案】
1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．A
12．C 13．C 14．D 15．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2025年央视春晚的四个分会场及其各自的特点。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个分会场都有自己截然不同的特色，将中国文化的独特部分带到最前
沿。A. common常见的，一般的；B. distinct截然不同的，有区别的；C. similar相似的；D. regular定期的，
规律的。根据后文“brought a unique part of Chinese culture to the forefront(将中国文化的独特部分带到了最
前沿)”可推知，央视春晚分会场都有其独特的部分，即，截然不同的地方。故选B项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：武汉这座历史悠久的城市展现了传统与现代的结合。A. showed说明，展示；
B. hid隐藏，躲藏；C. avoided避免；D. denied否认。根据后文“a combination of traditional and modern
elements(传统与现代元素的结合)”可推知，传统与现代的结合是武汉这座城市展现出来的。故选A项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：黄鹤楼，一个古老的地标为演出提供了壮丽的背景。A. symbol象征，符号；
B. reserve储藏，保护区；C. signal信号；D. landmark地标，里程碑。根据前文“The Yellow CraneTower(黄鹤楼)”并结合常识可知，黄鹤楼是武汉的地标性建筑。故选D项。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：舞台上展示了绣法精致的汉绣，展示了这座城市悠久的工艺。A. rough粗
糙的，粗略的；B. simple简单的；C. delicate精美的，精巧的；D. thick厚的，稠密的。根据前文“Han
embroidery(汉绣)”以及空后的“stitches(针法)”可推知，这里讲述汉服刺绣精巧的针法。故选C项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：舞台上展示了绣法精致的汉绣，展示了这座城市悠久的工艺。A. forgetting
忘记，遗忘；B. remembering记住，记忆；C. demonstrating证明，证实；D. questioning询问，提问。根据
前文“Han embroidery, with its _______ stitches, was displayed on stage(舞台上展示了绣法精巧的汉绣)”可推
知，这些刺绣证明了这座城市悠久的技艺。故选C项。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：重庆以其独特的山城风光而闻名，在长江边建造了一个舞台。A. unique
独一无二的；B. dull无聊的；C. plain清楚的；D. boring无聊的。根据后文“mountain-city scenery(山城风
景)”可知，“山城”是重庆的独特之处。故选A项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：电光溢彩的川剧，尤其是变脸的表演，给观众带来了极大的活力。A. gentle
使（或变）温柔，（使）平静，驯服；B. quiet使平静，平息；C. calm使镇静，冷静下来；D. energetic使
充满活力，精力充沛。根据前文“The electric Sichuan opera, especially its face-changing act(电光溢彩的川剧，
尤其是变脸表演)”可知，川剧的表演富有激情和热情，让人充满活力。故选D项。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为当地饮食文化象征的重庆火锅的引入，增强了这座城市的独特魅力。
A. weakened削弱，使虚弱；B. questioned询问；C. strengthened增强，巩固；D. doubted怀疑。根据前文
“The introduction of Chongqing hot-pot, a symbol of local food culture(当地饮食文化的特色重庆火锅的介绍)”
可推知，重庆火锅作为当地的特色饮食，应是使得这个城市的吸引力得到进一步增强。故选C项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：无锡有着美丽的水道和古典的园林，呈现出一幅宁静而优雅的景象。A.
presented颁发，呈现；B. hid躲藏；C. avoided避免；D. denied否认。根据后文“a peaceful and elegant
scene(一种宁静优雅的景象)”可推知，这里表达的应是“呈现了宁静而优雅的景象”。故选A项。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：淮剧以其轻柔的旋律弥漫在空气中。A. loud喧闹的，大声的；B. soft柔
和的，轻柔的；C. noisy吵闹的；D. harsh残酷的，严厉的。根据前文“The Huai opera(淮剧)”以及后文
“melodies(旋律)”并结合常识可知，淮剧旋律轻柔。故选B项。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当地工匠精心制作的精致泥人向所有人展示。A. made制造，使让；B.
bought买，购买；C. sold售卖；D. borrowed借来。根据前文“Local artisans’ delicate clay figurines(当地工
匠制作的精致泥塑)”可推知，泥塑是精心制作的。故选A项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当地工匠精心制作的精致泥人向所有人展示。A. hidden躲藏，隐藏；B.
stored存储，保存；C. displayed展示，展览；D. kept保持。根据主语“Local artisans’ delicate clayfigurines(当地工匠制作的精致泥塑)”可知，泥塑被展出给人看。故选C项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：拉萨，青藏高原上的圣城，具有一种庄严肃穆的感觉。A. brought带来，
引起；B. took拿走，花费；C. carried携带，具有；D. fetched去取。根据后文“a sense of solemnity(庄严的
感觉)”可知，庄严是拉萨具有的特点。故选C项。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：僧侣们诵经，增添了一丝宗教的庄严。A. bit小量，小块；B. part部分，零
件；C. piece张，块，片；D. touch触觉，一点。根据前文“Monks chanted scriptures(僧侣们诵经)”可知，
僧侣们诵经给这里增添了一点宗教的仪式感。“a touch of”有“一点，一丝”含义。故选D项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：唐卡画的展出，充满了深厚的宗教意义，揭示了深厚的藏族文化。A.
revealed透露，显示；B. rejected拒绝，不同意；C. remembered记住，记忆；D. removed移开，去除。根据
前文“The display of Thangka paintings, filled with deep religious meaning(唐卡画的展示，充满了深刻的宗教
意义)”可知，唐卡画显示了藏族文化中独具特色的艺术形式。故选A项。
2（2025·四川省成都市高三月考）
体裁：说明文 词数：251 话题：红十字运动的起源与发展 难度：★★★☆☆
Today we’re celebrating the Red Cross Movement. We celebrate the values of the Red Cross including
supporting the most 1 and strengthening communities. We celebrate showing humanity among
inhumanity.
World Red Cross Day is celebrated 2 the man on May 8th who had a 3 that started the
Red Cross Movement.
Henry Dunant was the man with that vision. In 1859, outside of Solferino in Italy, the French and Austrian
armies were fighting and Henry witnessed the 4 of soldiers becoming wounded and dying. Finding the
military surgeons could never deal with the wounded soldiers on both sides, Henry 5 a temporary
hospital to help the injured. In1862, Henry wrote a book Memory of Solferino recommending that every country
should create a neutral and 6 body of helpers who could provide 7 during war. Shortly after,
he and a few others created the ICRC, International Committee of the Red Cross, and the 8 was born.
In 1864, the first Geneva Convention (日内瓦公约) was created, whose aim is to guide the rules of 9
. It includes 10 those who don’t take part in fighting and those who can no longer 11 .
Today, around the world, there are about 200 National Societies that are working to help the most fragile
during 12 , strengthen communities’ health and preparedness, and 13 action when conflict
arises. A(n) 14 vision from over a century ago, to show humanity and to make one another 15
in a time of hardship, still lives on today.1．A．hopeless B．fragile C．upset D．inhuman
2．A．in honour of B．at the sight of C．on behalf of D．with the help of
3．A．try B．vision C．reason D．talent
4．A．incidents B．results C．possibilities D．horrors
5．A．found B．established C．contacted D．decorated
6．A．amateur B．profitable C．independent D．temporary
7．A．comfort B．fund C．accommodation D．care
8．A．hospital B．country C．movement D．concept
9．A．war B．games C．evidence D．operations
10．A．curing B．protecting C．entertaining D．calming
11．A．survive B．suffer C．fight D．escape
12．A．disasters B．arguments C．negotiations D．trials
13．A．comment on B．give up C．agree about D．spring into
14．A．common B．alternative C．simple D．artistic
15．A．smile B．explore C．reflect D．approve
【答案】
1．B 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．C
12．A 13．D 14．C 15．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述的是红十字运动的起源与发展，及其创始人亨利·杜南特的远见卓识，
强调该组织在全球范围内对脆弱群体的支持与社区强化工作。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们颂扬红十字会的价值观，包括支持最脆弱的人群和加强社区建设。
A. hopeless无望的；B. fragile脆弱的；C. upset难过的；D. inhuman不人道的。根据后文“there are about
200 National Societies that are working to help the most fragile”可知，红十字会致力于帮助最脆弱的人群。故
选B。
2．考查介词短语辨析。句意：世界红十字日是为了纪念5月8日那位有远见的人而设立的，他的愿景开启
了红十字运动。A. in honour of为了纪念；B. at the sight of一看到；C. on behalf of代表；D. with the help of
在……的帮助下。根据后文“the man on May 8th who had a ________ that started the Red Cross Movement.”可
知，世界红十字日是为了纪念那位开启红十字运动的人。故选A。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：世界红十字日是为了纪念5月8日那位有愿景的人而设立的，他的愿景开启
了红十字运动。A. try尝试；B. vision愿景；C. reason原因；D. talent才能。根据后文“Henry Dunant was
the man with that vision”可知，此处指的是那位有愿景的人。故选B。4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1859年，在意大利的索尔费里诺郊外，法国和奥地利军队正在交战，亨利
目睹了士兵们受伤和死亡的恐怖景象。A. incidents事件；B. results结果；C. possibilities可能性；D. horrors
恐怖。根据前文“the French and Austrian armies were fighting”以及后文“becoming wounded and dying”可知，
战争导致士兵受伤和死亡，这是一幅恐怖的景象。故选D。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：发现军医永远无法处理双方的伤员后，亨利建立了一个临时医院来帮助伤
员。A. found发现；B. established建立；C. contacted联系；D. decorated装饰。根据后文“a temporary
hospital to help the injured”可知，亨利建立了一个临时医院。故选B。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：1862年，亨利写了一本书《索尔费里诺回忆录》，建议每个国家都应该
建立一个中立且独立的救助机构，以便在战争期间提供援助。A. amateur业余的；B. profitable有利可图的；
C. independent独立的；D. temporary暂时的。根据前文“neutral”可知，此处指的是这个救助机构应该是
“独立的”，不受任何一方控制。故选C。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1862年，亨利写了一本书《索尔费里诺回忆录》，建议每个国家都应该建
立一个中立且独立的救助机构，以便在战争期间提供援助。A. comfort安慰；B. fund资金；C.
accommodation住宿；D. care照顾。根据前文“a neutral and ________ body of helpers”可知，这个救助机构
是为了在战争期间提供援助的。故选D。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不久后，他和另外几个人创建了国际红十字委员会（ICRC），红十字运动
由此诞生。A. hospital医院；B. country国家；C. movement运动；D. concept概念。根据前文“he and a few
others created the ICRC, International Committee of the Red Cross”可知，此处指的是红十字运动的诞生。故选
C。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1864年，第一个日内瓦公约诞生，其目的是指导战争规则。A. war战争；
B. games游戏；C. evidence证据；D. operations手术。根据后文“during war”可知，此处指的是战争规则。
故选A。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它包括保护那些不参与战斗的人和那些不能再战斗的人。A. curing治愈；
B. protecting保护；C. entertaining娱乐；D. calming平静。根据后文“those who don’t take part in fighting
and those who can no longer ________.”可知，日内瓦公约的目的是保护那些不参与战斗的人和那些不能再战
斗的人。故选B。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它包括保护那些不参与战斗的人和那些不能再战斗的人。A. survive幸存；
B. suffer遭受；C. fight战斗；D. escape逃跑。根据前文“those who don’t take part in fighting”可知，此处指
的是那些不能再战斗的人。故选C。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，全世界大约有200个国家协会致力于在灾难期间帮助最脆弱的人群。A. disasters灾难；B. arguments争论；C. negotiations谈判；D. trials试验。根据后文“strengthen
communities’ health and preparedness”可知，这些国家协会致力于在灾难期间提供帮助。故选A。
13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：加强社区的健康和准备工作，并在冲突发生时迅速采取行动。A. comment
on评论；B. give up放弃；C. agree about对……有相同的看法；D. spring into迅速行动。根据前文“and
strengthen communities’ health and preparedness”以及后文“when conflict arises”可知，这些国家协会在冲突
发生时也会迅速采取行动。故选D。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个多世纪前的一个简单愿景，即在困难时期展现人性，让彼此微笑，
至今仍然存在。A. common普通的；B. alternative替代的；C. simple简单的；D. artistic艺术的。根据前文
“to show humanity and to make one another ________ in a time of hardship”可知，这是一个简单的愿景，即
在困难时期展现人性，让彼此微笑。故选C。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个多世纪前的一个简单愿景，即在困难时期展现人性，让彼此微笑，至
今仍然存在。A. smile微笑；B. explore探索；C. reflect反思；D. approve批准。根据前文“to show
humanity”可知，这个愿景是在困难时期展现人性，让彼此微笑。故选A。
3.（2025·吉林省松原市高三第三次考试）
体裁：说明文 词数：220 话题：鱼的象征意义 难度：★★★☆☆
In traditional Chinese culture, fish has rich meanings. It 1 wealth. Fish also stands for harmony and
happy marriages 2 they multiply rapidly and sometimes swim in pairs. Fish is an important 3 in
traditional values and are among the signs showing that something is 4 to be successful. The most popular
fish theme found in Chinese art and 5 is that of the carp (鲤鱼). The 6 of “boneless” techniques
makes the swimming fish more real and convincing. Known to most Westerners as koi fish (锦鲤), the Chinese
carp has 7 symbolic values within Chinese culture. The carp is a powerful symbol of 8 . The scales
and whisker (须) of the carp is 9 to that of a dragon, a great symbol of power in China. During the Spring
Festival “lucky money” is 10 in red envelopes decorated with a carp and symbols of long life 11
peaches and pine trees. There are many different 12 of the carp, with the major ones being black, white,
red and yellow.
“You are not 13 , so how would you know the happiness of fish?” Chuang Tsu created this famous
saying when he 14 an issue with Hui Tsu. The message of the story is that someone has his own
enjoyment while others can 15 appreciate that.
1．A．produces B．spreads C．represents D．determines2．A．so B．because C．unless D．though
3．A．picture B．animal C．food D．symbol
4．A．used B．afraid C．forced D．likely
5．A．technology B．culture C．transport D．education
6．A．identity B．application C．shortcoming D．insurance
7．A．selfless B．peaceful C．numerous D．informal
8．A．beauty B．strength C．smartness D．wisdom
9．A．helpful B．true C．similar D．rude
10．A．given out B．taken away C．cut off D．used up
11．A．such as B．as a result of C．owing to D．in front of
12．A．names B．owners C．shelters D．colours
13．A．fish B．history C．water D．air
14．A．wrote B．tested C．performed D．discussed
15．A．always B．easily C．never D．mostly
【答案】
1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．B 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．A 11．A
12．D 13．A 14．D 15．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国传统文化中鱼的象征意义，例如代表财富和幸福的婚姻，而
最受欢迎的当属鲤鱼，代表力量和好运，并提到了庄子和惠子讨论中的“子非鱼，安知鱼之乐？”，强调
了不同个体的独特快乐。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它代表财富。A. produces生产；B. spreads传播；C. represents代表；D.
determines决定。根据下文“Fish also stands for harmony and happy marriages”可知，此处是介绍鱼的各种含
义，应该指它代表财富。故选C。
2．考查连词词义辨析。句意：鱼也代表着和谐和幸福的婚姻，因为它们繁殖迅速，有时成对游动。A. so
所以；B. because因为；C. unless除非；D. though尽管。根据上文“Fish also stands for harmony and happy
marriages”和下文“they multiply rapidly and sometimes swim in pairs”可知，前后是因果关系，前为结果，后
为原因，应用because“因为”连接。故选B。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：鱼在传统价值观中是一个重要的象征，也是表明某事可能成功的标志之一。
A. picture图片；B. animal动物；C. food食物；D. symbol象征。根据下文“are among the signs”可知，鱼是
某件事的标志之一，因此是指在传统价值观中是一个重要的象征。故选D。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：鱼在传统价值观中是一个重要的象征，也是表明某事可能成功的标志之一。A. used使用过的；B. afraid害怕的；C. forced被迫的；D. likely可能的。根据上文“the signs showing
that something is”和下文“to be successful”可推知，这些标志表明某事可能成功，短语be likely to do意为
“有可能做某事”。故选D。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在中国艺术和文化中，最受欢迎的鱼的主题是鲤鱼。A. technology技术；B.
culture文化；C. transport运输；D. education教育。根据上文“Fish is an important _____ in traditional
values”可知，鱼在传统价值观中有重要地位，与此呼应的应该是中国艺术和文化。故选B。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“无骨”技术的运用，使游动的鱼更真实、更有说服力。A. identity身份；
B. application运用；C. shortcoming缺点；D. insurance保险。根据下文“of “boneless” techniques makes the
swimming fish more real and convincing”可推知，能让游动的鱼更真实、更有说服力的应该是“无骨”技术
的运用。故选B。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：中国鲤鱼被大多数西方人称为锦鲤，在中国文化中具有多重象征价值。
A. selfless无私的；B. peaceful和平的；C. numerous众多的；D. informal非正式的。下文“The carp is a
powerful symbol of ______.”和“During the Spring Festival “lucky money” is ______ in red envelopes decorated
with a carp and symbols of long life ______ peaches and pine trees.”列举了鲤鱼具体的象征意义，由此可知，
它具有多重象征价值。故选C。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：鲤鱼是强大力量的象征。A. beauty美丽；B. strength力量；C. smartness机
灵；D. wisdom智慧。根据下文“a great symbol of power in China”可推知，鲤鱼因为有与龙相近的部分特征，
而被认为象征强大力量。故选B。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：鲤鱼的鳞片和须与龙的相似，龙在中国是权力的象征。A. helpful有帮助
的；B. true真的；C. similar相似的；D. rude粗鲁的。根据上文“The scales and whisker (须) of the carp”和下
文“to that of a dragon”可推知，鲤鱼的鳞片和须与龙的相似，因此会被赋予一些龙具有的象征意味，短语
be similar to意为“与……相似”。故选C。
10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：春节期间，“压岁钱”是装在装饰着鲤鱼和桃子、松树等长寿象征的红包
里分发的。A. given out分发；B. taken away拿走；C. cut off切断；D. used up用完。根据上文“During the
Spring Festival “lucky money” is”和下文“in red envelopes”可推知，春节期间，“压岁钱”是装在红包里分
发的。故选A。
11．考查介词短语辨析。句意：春节期间，“压岁钱”是装在装饰着鲤鱼和桃子、松树等长寿象征的红包
里分发的。A. such as例如；B. as a result of由于；C. owing to由于；D. in front of在……前面。根据上文
“symbols of long life”和下文“peaches and pine trees”可推知，此处是进行列举，指例如桃子、松树等长寿
的象征。故选A。12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：鲤鱼有许多不同的颜色，主要有黑色、白色、红色和黄色。A. names名字；
B. owners所有者；C. shelters庇护所；D. colours颜色。根据下文“with the major ones being black, white, red
and yellow”可知，此处介绍鲤鱼的颜色，指它有许多不同的颜色。故选D。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“子非鱼，安知鱼之乐？”庄子在与惠子讨论一个问题时创造了这句名言。
A. fish鱼；B. history历史；C. water水；D. air空气。根据下文“so how would you know the happiness of
fish”可知，此处是以鱼来作类比，表明认知的局限性，指“子非鱼”。故选A。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“子非鱼，安知鱼之乐？”庄子在与惠子讨论一个问题时创造了这句名言。
A. wrote写；B. tested测试；C. performed表演；D. discussed讨论。根据下文“an issue with Hui Tsu”可推知，
庄子是在与惠子讨论一个问题，短语discuss sth. with sb.意为“与某人讨论某事”。故选D。
15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个故事传达的信息是，有些人有自己的快乐，而其他人却永远无法欣赏。
A. always总是；B. easily容易地；C. never从不；D. mostly大部分。根据上文“so how would you know the
happiness of fish”可知，不是鱼的“你”无法知晓鱼的快乐，由此可知，这个故事告诉我们有些人有自己的
快乐，而其他人却永远无法欣赏。故选C。
4.（2025·黑龙江省大庆市实验中学高三期中）
体裁：说明文 词数：259 话题：“断舍离”的含义 难度：★★★☆☆
During the Nov. 11 shopping event, many people tend to buy more than they need because of sales and
promotion or just a plain urge. But what normally 1 the shopping madness is not 2 but regret.
That’s because many people just buy things to fill the emptiness in their hearts, but accumulating things actually
3 the burden in their minds.
The concept of Danshari may provide a(n) 4 to the problem. Danshari is based on three Chinese
characters, duan she li, 5 refusal, disposal and separation. It promotes the idea of removing 6
things and separating oneself from the drive to own 7 possessions. There are two basic rules that 8
whether you should keep something — the relationship between you and the item under 9 as well as the
timing. So before you 10 your payment password for something, ask yourself two questions: Do I
need it now? Does it suit me?
Danshari encourages you not only to 11 things, but to give up the unreasonable desire
associated with owning them. Nowadays, people need to learn to 12 their daily lives. Buy only the
necessities and suitable items, regularly 13 things you don’t need any more, and then you’ll get
freedom in your heart.
However, it doesn’t mean that you should kill your desire and live a less interesting life. Instead, you should14 yourself rather than material goods. Through 15 what to buy and what to throw away, you
can see a deeper reflection of yourself, therefore learning to make wise decisions about more important things.
1．A．prevents B．promotes C．starts D．follows
2．A．satisfaction B．wealth C．relief D．expectation
3．A．measures B．covers C．relieves D．indicates
4．A．limit B．alternative C．solution D．introduction
5．A．abolishing B．meaning C．violating D．predicting
6．A．unnecessary B．temporary C．used D．updated
7．A．private B．valuable C．material D．popular
8．A．prove B．permit C．decide D．affect
9．A．guarantee B．control C．discussion D．consideration
10．A．change B．enter C．provide D．create
11．A．get over B．get along with C．get rid of D．get through
12．A．fix B．risk C．enrich D．simplify
13．A．discover B．recycle C．cherish D．abandon
14．A．reflect on B．focus on C．give up D．cheer up
15．A．choosing B．avoiding C．comparing D．mentioning
【答案】
1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．C 9．D 10．B 11．C
12．D 13．D 14．B 15．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“断舍离”的含义，在购物东西的时候要问自己是否需要，是
否适合自己，只买自己需要和适合自己的东西。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但疯狂购物之后通常会出现的不是满足，而是后悔。 A. prevents阻止；B.
promotes促进；提倡；升职；促销；C. starts开始；启动；发动；D. follows跟随；追逐；从事。根据上文
“During the Nov. 11 shopping event, many people tend to buy more than they need because of sales and
promotion or just a plain urge.”以及空后“the shopping madness is not _______ but regret.”可知，此处指的是在
双十一疯狂购物之后接下来的就是后悔，故选D。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但疯狂购物之后通常会出现的不是满足，而是后悔。A. satisfaction满意；
满足；B. wealth财富；大量；C. relief宽慰；缓解；救济品；D. expectation期望；盼望。根据空前“But
what normally ________ the shopping madness is not”以及空后的“but regret.”可知此处指的是指双十一疯狂
购物之后紧接着是后悔，而不是满足，故选A项。3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是因为很多人买东西只是为了填补他们内心的空虚，而积累东西实际上
表明了他们内心的负担。A. measures测量；B. covers覆盖；包含；涉及；C. relieves减轻；D. indicates表
明；暗示；象征。根据空后“the burden in their minds”可知此处指的是疯狂的购买表明了人们内心的负担，
故选D项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“断舍离”这个概念可能给这个问题提供了一个解决方案。A. limit局限性；
限制；B. alternative选择；替代物；C. solution解决办法；解答；D. introduction介绍；引见。根据空后“to
the problem”可知此处指“断舍离”是解决问题的办法。a solution to the problem意为“问题的解决方法”，
故选C项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：断舍离是由三个汉字组成的，意思是拒绝、处置和分离。A. abolishing废除；
取消；B. meaning意味着；打算；C. violating违背；D. predicting预测；预报。根据空后“refusal, disposal
and separation.”可知此处是对“断舍离”进行解释，所以meaning“意味着”符合语境，故选B项。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它提倡去除不必要的东西，并将自己从拥有物质财富的驱动力中分离出
来。A. unnecessary不必要的；B. temporary暂时的；C. used用过的；习惯于；D. updated更新的；现代化
的。根据空前“It promotes the idea of removing”可知此处指的“断舍离”的意思是除去不必要的东西，故
选A项。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它提倡去除不必要的东西，并将自己从拥有物质财富的驱动力中分离出
来。A. private私有的；秘密的；私下里的；B. valuable有价值的；珍贵的；C. material物质的；D. popular
受欢迎的；普遍的；通俗的。根据空后的“possessions”可知此处指的是物质财富，故选C项。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：决定你是否应该保留某样东西有两个基本原则——你和你所考虑的东西之
间的关系以及时机。A. prove证明；B. permit允许；批准；C. decide决定；使下决心；D. affect影响。根据
空后“whether you should keep something — the relationship between you and the item under _______ as well as
the timing. So before you ________ your payment password for something, ask yourself two questions: Do I need
it now? Does it suit me?”可知此处指的是你和你所考虑的东西之间的关系以及时机是决定某样东西是否应该
保留下来的因素，故选C项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：决定你是否应该保留某样东西有两个基本原则——你和你所考虑的东西之
间的关系以及时机。A. guarantee保证；保质期；B. control控制；管理；C. discussion讨论；D.
consideration考虑。根据空前“the item under”可知此处表示你所考虑的去留的东西，under consideration“在
考虑中”，故选D项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以在你输入支付密码之前，问自己两个问题：我现在需要它吗？它适合
我吗？A. change变化；改变；更换；B. enter输入；进入；报名参加；C. provide提供；D. create创造。根据空后的“our payment password for something”可知此处指的是输入支付密码，故选B项。
11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：“断舍离”鼓励你不仅要摆脱东西，还要放弃与拥有它们相关的不合理欲
望。A. get over克服；恢复；B. get along with与某人相处；C. get rid of舍弃；除去；D. get through完成；
熬过。根据上文“refusal, disposal and separation. It promotes the idea of removing ________ things”可知此处
指的是“断舍离”鼓励我们摆脱某种东西，故选C项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如今，人们需要学会简化他们的日常生活。A. fix修理；安排；处理；B.
risk冒险；C. enrich使富裕；使富有；D. simplify简化。根据后文“their daily lives. Buy only the necessities
and suitable items, regularly _______ things you don’t need any more,”可知此处指的是人们要指购买必须的东
西，丢掉那些不必要的东西，即简化生活，故选 D项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：只买必需品和合适的东西，经常扔掉不再需要的东西，你就会得到内心的
自由。A. discover发现；B. recycle回收利用；循环利用；C. cherish珍惜；D. abandon放弃；遗弃。根据前
文“Danshari encourages you not only to ________ things,”以及空后“things you don’t need any more”以及后
文“what to throw away,”可知简化生活就是要丢掉不再需要的东西，故选D项。
14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：相反，你应该关注自己，而不是物质财富。A. reflect on反思；反省；B.
focus on专注于；集中于；C. give up 放弃；D. cheer up使高兴起来。根据空前“However, it doesn’t mean
that you should kill your desire and live a less interesting life. Instead, you should”可知此处指的是关注自己，故
选B项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过选择买什么和扔掉什么，你可以更深入地了解自己，从而学会在更重
要的事情上做出明智的决定。A. choosing选择；B. avoiding避免；防止；C. comparing比较；对照；D.
mentioning提到；提及。根据空后“what to buy and what to throw away”可知此处指的是在买什么和扔掉什
么方面作选择，故选A项。
5.（2025·辽宁省名校联盟（东北三省三校）高三上联合）
体裁：说明文 词数：250 话题：互动小说 难度：★★★☆☆
An interactive novel is a text with which the reader can interact. The most 1 type of interactive
fiction involves 2 the direction of a story from a set number of options. Interactions in this case involve
deciding which of the presented 3 the reader would like to follow. In some of these novels, there is an end
that is , in contrast to ends where the adorable character dies.
Although most people are familiar with the basic type of interactive novel, interactions beyond this basic
structure are also possible, 4 , novels can be guided by readers because the novels are 5 with the
author actively 6 the story based on interactions. 7 , a novel can be played like a game, with the
reader inputting commands or 8 to the story. This type of novel is particularly popular for online and9 literature because the technical capacities of these formats are 10 to interactions.
An interactive novel can also be 11 , in which no particular path wins or loses. In many cases, this
type of novel is explained as a type of environment in which the reader can 12 . Collaborative (合作的)
interactive novels are slightly more complicated. Novels that include reader input and multimedia options are often
included in this 13 .
With future technology, there may someday be 14 even in the way that the information is
presented to readers, and people may read on special devices designed specifically for this type of literature.
1．A．common B．efficient C．beneficial D．suitable
2．A．saving B．removing C．choosing D．separating
3．A．words B．options C．plans D．fashions
4．A．possible B．sudden C．practical D．desirable
5．A．For example B．After all C．By the way D．On the contrary
6．A．confusing B．ongoing C．entertaining D．convincing
7．A．spreading B．understanding C．predicting D．changing
8．A．Alternatively B．Secretly C．Strangely D．Luckily
9．A．turning B．referring C．adding D．agreeing
10．A．classical B．electronic C．modern D．printed
11．A．favorable B．fundamental C．harmful D．opposite
12．A．soul-destroying B．pain-relieving
C．ready-made D．open-ended
13．A．remember B．copy C．explore D．improve
14．A．process B．sample C．package D．category
15．A．instructions B．innovations C．services D．challenges
【答案】
1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．A
12．D 13．C 14．D 15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是互动小说，以及其书写方式的特点。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最常见的互动小说类型包括从一系列选项中选择故事的方向。A. common
共同的，常见的；B. efficient生效的；C. beneficial有益的；D. suitable合适的。上文“An interactive novel
is a text with which the reader can interact.(互动小说是读者可以与之互动的文本)”引出互动小说话题，后文
“type of interactive fiction”说明的是常见的类型。故选A。2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最常见的互动小说类型包括从一系列选项中选择故事的方向。A. saving挽
救；B. removing去除；C. choosing选择；D. separating分开。根据后文“the direction of a story from a set
number of options”可知，互动小说要从一系列选项中选择故事的方向，为choose from。故选C。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这种情况下，交互包括决定读者想要遵循的呈现选项。A. words话语；B.
options选择；C. plans计划；D. fashions时尚。上文提到互动小说要从一系列选项中选择故事的方向，即读
者要决定呈现选项。故选B。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在其中一些小说中，有一个令人向往的结局，与可爱的角色死亡的结局
形成鲜明对比。A. possible可能的；B. sudden突然的；C. practical实际的；D. desirable令人向往的。根据
后文“in contrast to ends where the adorable character dies”可知，要形成鲜明对比，说明是有一个令人向往的
结局，与可爱的角色死亡的结局。故选D。
5．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，小说可以被读者引导，因为小说是不断进行的，作者根据互动积极
地改变故事。A. For example例如；B. After all毕竟；C. By the way顺便说一下；D. On the contrary相反地。
上文“Although most people are familiar with the basic type of interactive novel, interactions beyond this basic
structure are also possible.(尽管大多数人都熟悉互动小说的基本类型，但超越这种基本结构的互动也是可能
的)”指出超越这种基本结构的互动也是可能的，后文主要是对此进行举例论证。故选A。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，小说可以被读者引导，因为小说是不断进行的，作者根据互动积
极地改变故事。A. confusing令人困惑的；B. ongoing仍在进行的；C. entertaining使人愉快的；D.
convincing令人信服的。根据上文“novels can be guided by readers because the novels are”可知，小说可以被
引导是因为是不断进行的。故选B。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，小说可以被读者引导，因为小说是不断进行的，作者根据互动积极
地改变故事。A. spreading传播；B. understanding理解；C. predicting预测；D. changing改变。根据上文
“novels can be guided by readers”可知，作者根据读者的互动改变故事。故选D。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：另外，小说也可以像玩游戏一样，由读者输入指令或添加故事内容。A.
Alternatively二者择一地；B. Secretly秘密地；C. Strangely奇怪地；D. Luckily幸运地。后文“a novel can
be played like a game”是互动小说的另一种书写方式，Alternatively表示“（引出第二种选择或可能的建
议）要不，或者”符合语境。故选A。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：另外，小说也可以像玩游戏一样，由读者输入指令或添加故事内容。A.
turning转弯；B. referring提及；C. adding增加；D. agreeing同意。根据上文“the reader inputting commands
or”指读者输入指令或添加故事内容。故选C。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种类型的小说在网络和电子文学中特别受欢迎，因为这些格式的技术能力有利于互动。A. classical经典的；B. electronic电子的；C. modern现代的；D. printed印刷的。与上文
“for online and”中online并列的是电子文学，故选B。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种类型的小说在网络和电子文学中特别受欢迎，因为这些格式的技术
能力有利于互动。A. favorable支持的，有利的；B. fundamental基础的；C. harmful有害的；D. opposite相
反的。根据上文“literature because the technical capacities of these formats are”可知，这种类型的小说在网络
和电子文学中特别受欢迎，因为这些格式的技术能力有利于（be favorable to）互动。故选A。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：互动小说也可以是开放式的，没有特定的输赢路径。A. soul-destroying
十分单调的；B. pain-relieving止痛的；C. ready-made现成的；D. open-ended开放式的。根据后文“no
particular path wins or loses(没有特定的输赢路径)”可知，互动小说也可以是开放式的。故选D。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在许多情况下，这种类型的小说被解释为一种读者可以探索的环境。A.
remember记得；B. copy复制；C. explore探索；D. improve改善。上文提到开放式的互动小说没有特定的
输赢路径，即可以为一种读者可以探索的环境。故选C。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：包含读者输入和多媒体选项的小说通常包括在这一类中。A. process程序；
B. sample样品；C. package包裹；D. category种类。根据上文“Collaborative interactive novels are slightly
more complicated.(协作互动小说则稍微复杂一些)”指读者输入和多媒体选项的小说包含在协作互动小说这
个类型里，故选D。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有了未来的技术，也许有一天会有创新——甚至是在信息呈现给读者的方
式上，人们可能会在专门为这类文学设计的特殊设备上阅读。A. instructions指导；B. innovations创新；C.
services服务；D. challenges挑战。根据后文“people may read on special devices designed specifically for this
type of literature”以及上文“With future technology”可知，未来技术可以提供创新。故选B。
完形填空之议论文（最新模拟）
1.（2025·湖南省长郡二十校联盟高三第二次预热演练）
体裁：议论文 词数：263 话题：人与社会——帮助孩子们享受阅读的快乐 难度：★★★☆☆
Imagining a human being without historical sense is scary. 781 still is the thought of an entire
generation operating from a position of historical ignorance. And yet that is exactly the 782 in which
we find ourselves today.
The people and events of history may be 783 in the past, but how we talk about those things,
what we write about them, and how we 784 them tell us a lot about who we are and what we 785right now. Thinking of ourselves as a chapter in an unwritten history book is likely to force deep 786 .
Whose stories will we champion? What values will we defend? What models will we offer ensuing (随后的)
generations? No other subject helps us to understand so 787 what it is to be human.
But the 788 isn’t entirely surprising given the downgraded status of history in most schools.
History is 789 its place in the curriculum with geography, but its attention to time, place and context is
what makes it really 790 . In other words, history doesn’t simply tell us how to be good citizens. It
791 us with the knowledge we need to comprehend our world clearly, and the ability to 792 it
accurately.
Clearly, in an age of “fake news”, we need to be 793 thinkers. There is no better subject than
history to develop a(n) 794 of context and an ability to examine evidence. Just as we anticipate a math
curriculum that systematically builds on blocks of knowledge, we should also 795 a logical history
curriculum for our children.
781．A．Funnier B．Scarier C．Rarer D．Harder
782．A．situation B．atmosphere C．relationship D．experience
783．A．transformed B．rooted C．understood D．absorbed
784．A．compose B．design C．teach D．record
785．A．abandon B．possess C．witness D．value
786．A．self-awareness B．self-control C．self-reflection D．
self-management
787．A．comprehensively B．instantly C．readily D．
independently
788．A．argument B．comment C．conclusion D．ignorance
789．A．getting back B．fighting for C．holding onto D．putting aside
790．A．precise B．convincing C．distinct D．boring
791．A．equips B．connects C．motivates D．impresses
792．A．develop B．control C．analyze D．show
793．A．leading B．critical C．modern D．optimistic
794．A．appreciation B．evaluation C．vision D．belief
795．A．admit B．identify C．follow D．expect
【答案】781．B 782．A 783．B 784．C 785．D 786．C 787．A 788．D 789．B
790．C 791．A 792．C 793．B 794．A 795．D
【来源】江苏省南通如皋市2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了历史教育的重要性，呼吁加强历史课程以培养批判性思维和
理解能力。
781．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：想到整个一代人对历史无知是更让人害怕的事。A. Funnier更滑稽的；
B. Scarier更令人害怕的；C. Rarer更罕见的；D. Harder更困难的。根据上文“Imagining a human being
without historical sense is scary.(想象一个人没有历史感让人害怕)”可知，整个一代人都对历史无知会更加让
人害怕。故选B。
782．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这正是我们今天所处的状况。A. situation情况；B. atmosphere气氛；
C. relationship关系；D. experience经验。根据空前“And yet that is exactly the”所描述内容可以推断出，这
正是我们当前所面临的状况。故选A。
783．考查动词词义辨析。句意：历史上的人物和事件可能植根于过去，但我们如何谈论这些事情、我们
写什么以及我们如何教授它们告诉我们很多关于我们是谁以及我们现在看重什么的信息。A. transformed改
变；B. rooted根植；C. understood理解；D. absorbed吸收。根据空后“in the past”以及“The people and
events of history”与“in the past”之间关系可知，此处指历史人物和事件是根植于过去。故选B。
784．考查动词词义辨析。句意：历史上的人物和事件可能植根于过去，但我们如何谈论这些事情、我们
写什么以及我们如何教授它们告诉我们很多关于我们是谁以及我们现在看重什么的信息。A. compose创作；
B. design设计；C. teach教授；D. record记录。分析句子可知，此处是并列的三个主语从句，上文“talk”和
“write”，这里用“教授”更符合语境。故选C。
785．考查动词词义辨析。句意：历史上的人物和事件可能植根于过去，但我们如何谈论这些事情、我们
写什么以及我们如何教授它们告诉我们很多关于我们是谁以及我们现在看重什么的信息。A. abandon抛弃；
B. possess拥有；C. witness见证；D. value重视。根据句意“what we 5 right now”更符合我们当前所看重
的是什么,所以故选D。
786．考查名词词义辨析。句意：把我们自己看作是一本未写历史书中的一章，很可能会引发深刻的自我
反思。A. self-awareness自我意识；B. self-control自我控制；C. self-reflection自我反思；D. self-management
自我管理。根据句意以及上文“Thinking of ourselves”文中的深刻指的更加强调反思，故选C。
787．考查副词词义辨析。句意：没有任何其它学科能比历史更全面地帮助我们了解什么是做人。A.
comprehensively全面地；B. instantly立即；C. readily容易地；D. independently独立地。分析句子可知，空
处需要副词修饰前文的understand，这里指比历史全面的没有。故选A。788．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这种无知并不完全令人感到意外，因为在大多数学校中，历史课程的
地位被降级了。A. argument争论；B. comment评论；C. conclusion结论；D. ignorance无知。根据上文
“historical ignorance”可知，指人们对于历史的无知。故选D。
789．考查动词词组辨析。句意：历史正在为其在课程中的位置与地理课争夺，但历史关注时间，地点和
背景这点正是使其与众不同的原因。A. getting back回来；B. fighting for争斗；C. holding onto紧握；D.
putting aside放一边。根据下文“its place”可知，历史为其在课程中的位置而争斗。故选B。
790．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：历史正在为其在课程中的位置与地理课争夺，但历史关注时间，地点
和背景这点正是使其与众不同的原因。A. precise精确的；B. convincing令人信服的；C. distinct明显的，独
特的；D. boring乏味的。根据上文“its attention to time, place and context”可知，此处指的是历史课程相对
于其他课程是独特的。故选C。
791．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它使我们拥有理解清楚世界所需的知识，以及准确分析它的能力。A.
equips装备；B. connects连接；C. motivates激励；D. impresses打动。根根据上文“tell us how to be good
citizens”以及下文“us with the knowledg”可知，历史课程是用来给予我们知识和能力，用equips最适合。
故选A。
792．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它使我们拥有理解清楚世界所需的知识，以及准确分析它的能力。A.
develop发展；B. control控制；C. analyze分析；D. show展示。根据前文“comprehend our world clearly”可
知，指出这里的是准确分析世界。故选C。
793．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：显然，在“假新闻”时代，我们需要批判性思维者。A. leading领先的；
B. critical批判的，苛刻的；C. modern现代的；D. optimistic乐观的。根据句意指出新闻谣言中需要批判性
思维者。故选B。
794．考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有任何学科能像历史这样培养对背景的鉴赏能力和寻找证据的能力了。
A. appreciation欣赏；B. evaluation评价，评估；C. vision视野，远见；D. belief信仰。根据上文“critical
thinkers”以及下文“examine evidence”可知，指出这里表示对背景的鉴赏。故选A。
795．考查动词词组辨析。句意：就像我们期望数学课程系统地建立在知识块的基础上一样，我们也应该
期待为我们的孩子制定一个合乎逻辑的历史课程。A. admit承认；B. identify鉴定，确定；C. follow跟随；
D. expect期待。根据上文“anticipate a math curriculum”可知，空处指要期待合乎逻辑的历史课程。故选
D。
2.（2025·四川省内江市第六中学高三入学考试）
体裁：议论文 词数：255 话题：旅行以滋养心灵 难度：★★★☆☆
Travel is not a reasonable activity. It makes no 1 to squeeze (挤) yourself into a small seat to goto a distant place where you don’t 2 the language or know the customs. All is at great 3 . If
we 4 to do a cost-benefit analysis, we’d never go anywhere. Yet we do.
That’s one reason why I’m 5 about travel’s future. In fact, I’d argue travel is an essential
activity, like books and hugs, which are food for the 6 . Right now, we’re between courses, enjoying
where we’ve been and anticipating (期盼) where we’ll go.
In our rush to 7 to the world, we should be mindful of the impact of mass 8 on the
planet. Now is the time to accept the fundamental values of 9 tourism and let them guide our future
10 . Go off the beaten path. Stay longer in destinations. And 11 that the whole point of getting
out there is to see the differences that make the world so 12 .
So go ahead and 13 that trip. It’s good. Plotting a trip is 14 as enjoyable as
actually taking one. Anticipation is its own reward. I’ve 15 first-hand the happiness of anticipatory
travel. My wife, not usually a fan of travel photography, now spends hours on Instagram, staring longingly at
photos of mountains and rice fields. “What’s going on?” I asked one day. “They’re just absolutely amazing,” she
replied. “They make me remember that there is a big, beautiful world out there.”
1．A．mistake B．secret C．sense D．attempt
2．A．doubt B．speak C．choose D．teach
3．A．expense B．length C．risk D．speed
4．A．pretended B．promised C．refused D．stopped
5．A．curious B．worried C．confident D．wrong
6．A．family B．soul C．day D．future
7．A．add B．apply C．return D．compare
8．A．tourism B．media C．production D．market
9．A．official B．formal C．comfortable D．sustainable
10．A．lectures B．journeys C．meals D．interviews
11．A．regret B．imagine C．reply D．remember
12．A．noisy B．colorful C．common D．dangerous
13．A．plan B．forget C．miss D．admit
14．A．shortly B．formerly C．nearly D．hardly
15．A．witnessed B．researched C．demanded D．promoted
【答案】
1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．D 10．B 11．D12．B 13．A 14．C 15．A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了旅行的重要性，倡导可持续旅游，并鼓励人们规划旅行以滋
养心灵。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：把自己挤进一个小座位，去一个你既不讲这种语言也不知道习俗的遥远地
方，这毫无意义。A. mistake错误；B. secret秘密；C. sense意义，感觉；D. attempt尝试。根据后文“to
squeeze (挤) yourself into a small seat to go to a distant place where you don’t ______ the language or know the
customs”可知，此处指这种行为毫无意义。故选C。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. doubt怀疑；B. speak说；C. choose选择；D. teach教。根据“or
know the customs”可知，在一个遥远的地方，你不讲当地的语言。故选B。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有这一切都花费很大。A. expense花费；B. length长度；C. risk风险；D.
speed速度。根据后文的“cost-benefit analysis”可知，此处是指旅游花费大。故选A
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们停下来做成本效益分析，我们哪儿也不会去。A. pretended假装；
B. promised承诺；C. refused拒绝；D. stopped停止。根据后文“we’d never go anywhere”可知，此处是指停
下来做成本效益分析的话，就不会去任何地方。故选D。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是我对旅游的未来充满信心的原因之一。A. curious好奇的；B.
worried担心的；C. confident有信心的；D. wrong错误的。根据后文“In fact, I’d argue travel is an essential
activity”可知，作者对旅游的未来充满信心。故选C。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，我认为旅行是一种必要的活动，就像书籍和拥抱一样，是滋养灵
魂的食物。A. family家庭；B. soul灵魂，心灵；C. day日子；D. future未来。根据前文的“like books and
hugs”可知，书籍和拥抱都是滋养灵魂的，因此此处是指旅行也是滋养灵魂的食物。故选B。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们急于向世界回归的时候，我们应该意识到大众旅游对地球的影响。
A. add增加；B. apply应用；C. return回归；D. compare比较。根据后文“we should be mindful of the impact
of mass 8 on the planet”可知，此处是指人们急于回到世界旅行。故选C。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. tourism旅游；B. media媒体；C. production生产；D. market市场。
根据前文“the impact of”和后文“on the planet”以及下文“tourism”可知，此处是指大众旅游对地球的影响。
故选A。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在是时候接受可持续旅游的基本价值观，让它们指导我们未来的旅程
了。A. official官方的；B. formal正式的；C. comfortable舒适的；D. sustainable可持续的。根据后文“let
them guide our future”可知，此处是指可持续旅游的基本价值观。故选D。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. lectures讲座；B. journeys旅程；C. meals餐食；D. interviews采访。根据前文“tourism and let them guide our future”可知，此处是指让这些可持续旅游的基本价值观指导我们未
来的旅程。故选B。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：记住出去旅行的全部意义在于看到那些让世界如此多彩的差异。A. regret
后悔；B. imagine想象；C. reply回复；D. remember记住。根据后文的“the whole point of getting out there
is to see the differences”可知，此处是指记住出去旅行的意义。故选D。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. noisy吵闹的；B. colorful多彩的；C. common普通的；D.
dangerous危险的。根据前文的“see the differences”可知，此处是指看到差异让世界多彩。故选B。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，继续计划你的旅行吧。A. plan计划；B. forget忘记；C. miss错过；
D. admit承认。根据前文的“Go off the beaten path. Stay longer in destinations”及后文“Plotting a trip”可知，
此处是指继续计划你的旅行。故选A。
14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：计划一次旅行几乎和真正去旅行一样令人愉快。A. shortly不久；B.
formerly以前；C. nearly几乎；D. hardly几乎不。根据后文的“as enjoyable as actually taking one”可知，此
处是指计划旅行几乎和真正去旅行一样令人愉快。故选C。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我已经亲眼见证了期待旅行的快乐。A. witnessed见证；B. researched研究；
C. demanded要求；D. promoted促进。根据后文的“the happiness of anticipatory travel”可知，此处是指我亲
眼见证了期待旅行的快乐。故选A。
3.（2025·辽宁省锦州市三测试）
体裁：议论文 词数：272 话题：询问孩子长大之后想成为什么对孩子有害 难度：★★★☆☆
“What do you want to be when you grow up?” When I was a kid, I 1 the question. Adults always
seemed terribly disappointed that I wasn’t dreaming of becoming something grand or 2 , like an astronaut.
Now, as an organizational psychologist, my job is to fix other people’s jobs, and I’ve come to believe that
asking youngsters that question does them 3 .
My first complaint about the question is that it 4 kids to define themselves in terms of work. If we
define ourselves by our jobs, our 5 depends on what we achieve. So when you are asked what you want to
be, it’s not socially 6 to say “A father” or “A mother”, let alone “A person of integrity”.
The second 7 is the implication that there is one calling (职业) out there for everyone. Research
shows that 8 one leaves students feeling lost and 9 . After all, not everyone has that talent for grand
jobs.
If you manage to 10 the above barriers, there is a third hurdle (难关) : careers rarely live up to your
childhood 11 . In one study, looking for a(n) 12 job left college seniors feeling more anxious andless satisfied with the 13 . As Tim Urban writes, happiness is reality minus expectations. It’s clear how
expectations 14 our perceived happiness. If you are looking for extreme happiness, you’re bound to be
disappointed.
Asking kids what they want to be leads them to 15 a career identity they might never want to earn.
Instead, invite them to think about the different things they might want to do.
1．A．considered B．feared C．explained D．recalled
2．A．average B．humble C．heroic D．romantic
3．A．harm B．good C．wrong D．honour
4．A．forces B．troubles C．commands D．forbids
5．A．status B．experience C．worth D．fame
6．A．rejected B．accurate C．confirmed D．acceptable
7．A．thought B．division C．assumption D．problem
8．A．picking up B．searching for C．praying for D．taking over
9．A．bored B．impatient C．intolerant D．confused
10．A．strengthen B．control C．build D．overcome
11．A．efforts B．struggles C．ambitions D．gains
12．A．ideal B．permanent C．ordinary D．specific
13．A．benefit B．outcome C．solution D．truth
14．A．boost B．contain C．guarantee D．affect
15．A．refuse B．claim C．keep D．ignore
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．C 6．D 7．D 8．B 9．D 10．D 11．C
12．A 13．B 14．D 15．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。询问孩子长大之后想成为什么对孩子有害。文章论述了三方面的害处。作者建
议，邀请孩子想想他们可能想做的其他事情。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我是个孩子时，我害怕这个问题。A. considered考虑；B. feared害怕；C.
explained解释；D. recalled回想起。根据下文中的“Adults always seemed terribly disappointed that I wasn’t
dreaming of becoming something grand or , like an astronaut.”可知，成年人对作者的回答总是感
到失望。所以作者很害怕被问到这个问题。他的回答让成年人不满意。故选B。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大人们似乎总是非常失望，因为我没有梦想成为伟大或英雄的人物，比
如宇航员。A. average平均的；B. humble谦虚的；C. heroic英雄的；D. romantic浪漫的。根据下文中的“like an astronaut”可知，宇航员属于伟大的或英雄般的人物。故选C。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，现在，作为一名组织心理学家，我的工作是修复其他人的工作，我
开始相信，向年轻人提出这个问题对他们有害。A. harm伤害；B. good益处；C. wrong坏事；D. honor荣
誉。根据下文中的“My first complaint about the question”可知，作者对这个问题心存抱怨。由此推知，这
个问题对孩子们来说并不好，对他们会造成伤害。故选A。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我对这个问题的第一个抱怨是，它迫使孩子们用工作来定义自己。A. forces
迫使；B. troubles使烦恼；C. commands命令；D. forbids禁止。结和上一题的解析和空前的“My first
complaint about the question”可知，这个问题对孩子们有害。当问孩子们长大之后的梦想的时候，孩子们就
被迫从工作角度来定义自己。故选A。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们用工作来定义自己，那么我们的价值就取决于我们的成就。A.
status地位；B. experience经历，经验；C. worth价值；D. fame名声。根据上文“If we define ourselves by
our jobs”可以推知，如果我们用工作来定义自己，那么，我们在工作中取得的成就决定了我们个人价值。
工作好，成就高，个人价值就高。反之，工作不好，成就低，个人价值就低。故选C。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以当你被问到你想成为什么样的人时，说“一个父亲”或“一个母亲”
是不被社会接受的，更不用说“一个正直的人”了。A. rejected被拒绝的；B. accurate精确的；C.
confirmed坚定的，被证实的；D. acceptable可接受的。根据上文“it kids to define themselves
in terms of work. If we define ourselves by our jobs, our depends on what we achieve.”可知，当用
工作来定义一个人的时候，个人价值取决于个人成就。所以，诸如“成为一个父亲”、“成为一个母亲”、
或“成为一个正直的人”这样和工作毫无关系的回答显然是不符合期望，不被接受的。故选D。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二个问题是，这暗示着每个人都有一个使命。A. thought想法，思想；B.
division除法，分配；C. assumption假设，认为；D. problem问题。结合上文中的“My first complaint about
the question”和下文中的“If you manage to the above barriers, there is a third hurdle”可知，第二、
三、四段探讨的都是问孩子长大后要成为什么人产生的害处。因此，该空应该选择一个贬义词，表示询问
孩子这个问题产生的问题或害处。故选D。
8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：研究表明，寻找一个使命让学生感到迷失和困惑。A. picking up捡起；B.
searching for寻找，搜寻；C. praying for祈求，恳求；D. taking over接管。根据下文中的“not everyone has
that talent for grand jobs”可知，对伟大使命的寻求会让学生感到迷惑。故选B。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，寻找一个使命让学生感到迷失和困惑。A. bored厌烦的；B.
impatient不耐烦的；C. intolerant无法忍受的；D. confused困惑的。该空和lost并列，意思应该和lost接近。
结合上题解析，可知，对伟大使命的寻求让学生迷失和困惑。故选D。10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你成功克服了上述障碍，还有第三个障碍：职业生涯很少能达到你童
年时的理想。A. strengthen增强；B. control控制；C. build建造；D. overcome克服。根据空前的“manage
to”和后面的“there is a third hurdle”可知，该处应该指即使你可以克服前面提到的两个障碍，还有一个障碍
你无法克服。故选D。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你成功克服了上述障碍，还有第三个障碍：职业生涯很少能达到你童
年时的理想。A. efforts努力；B. struggles奋斗，难事；C. ambitions野心，雄心；D. gains收益。根据前文
提到的问题“What do you want to be when you grow up?”可知，孩子们小时候经常被问到自己长大后的理想。
但是长大之后做的职业很难实现童年地理想，即童年的雄心壮志。故选C。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一项研究中，寻找一份理想的工作让大四学生对这个结果感到更加焦
虑和不太满意。 A. ideal理想的；B. permanent永久的；C. ordinary普通的； D. specific特定的，明确的。
根据后面的“left college seniors feeling more anxious and less satisfied”可知，大四学生都想找一份理想的工
作。但是找理想的工作不容易，所以他们焦虑，不满意。故选A。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一项研究中，寻找一份理想的工作让大四学生对这个结果感到更加焦虑
和不太满意。A. benefit益处，好处；B. outcome结果；C. solution解决办法； D. truth真相，事实。根据前
文的“careers rarely live up to your childhood ”可知，大四学生找不到理想工作，无法实现童年
的梦想，学生们对这样的结果感到焦虑，不满意。故选B。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：很明显，期望会影响我们的幸福感。A. boost推动，使增长；B. contain包
含，抑制；C. guarantee保证，确保；D. affect影响。根据上文中的“happiness is reality minus expectations”
可知，现实总是和期望有差距的。因此，期望值过高，实现不了，就会影响幸福感。故选D。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：问孩子他们想成为什么，会让他们获得一种他们可能永远都不想获得的职
业身份。A. refuse拒绝；B. claim获得，声称，索要；C. keep保持；D. ignore忽略，忽视。上文介绍了问
“孩子他们想成为什么”这个问题所产生的三方面的危害。由此推知，问孩子这个问题会导致孩子获得一
种他们可能永远都不想获得的职业身份。该空和后面的earn一致。故选B。
4.（2024·福建省福州市八县（市）一中高三联考）
体裁：议论文 词数：279 话题：名人演讲传递了错误的思想 难度：★★★☆☆
I used to find award show speeches inspiring when celebrities encouraged people to “chase their dreams.”
However, as I grew older, I 1 the toxicity (毒性) behind this notion. Pursuing our dreams is not always
easy due to various 2 . For instance, I 3 to be a singer but lacked the financial means to audition for
competition shows. Later, my dream 4 to becoming a manga editor, but I faced 5 like language
barriers, travel costs, and difficult exams.Though there is hope, considering many celebrities started from humble beginnings, achieving dreams
remains 6 . As someone who once had ambitious aspirations, these “chase your dreams” speeches gave me
7 hope. I take issue with such celebrity speeches because they suggest that anyone can 8 whatever they
desire simply by wishing for it. 9 , reality tells us otherwise. I am not trying to be 10 , but rather
realistic. Growing older has taught me that some dreams are meant to stay as dreams.
Nonetheless, I am grateful that my dream of becoming a singer did not materialize. I have found other
passions — writing and editing — and 11 pursued them as a career through college. I have no regrets about
this path. If we do not 12 exactly where we want to be, it is alright. Life sometimes presents obstacles that
13 us from choosing our first preference for the future. Our dreams may not always be 14 , but that does
not mean good things are not in store for us. Life often takes us on different paths. Do not lose hope, for you have a
bright future ahead, 15 the choices you make.
1．A．worried B．changed C．realized D．controlled
2．A．barriers B．shelters C．excuses D．thoughts
3．A．failed B．agreed C．used D．desired
4．A．focused B．shifted C．continued D．happened
5．A．efforts B．challenges C．demands D．choices
6．A．straightforward B．common
C．complicated D．rare
7．A．false B．true C．great D．special
8．A．confirm B．appreciate C．accomplish D．distribute
9．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．However D．Furthermore
10．A．optimistic B．pessimistic C．energetic D．enthusiastic
11．A．unexpectedly B．unavoidably C．uneventfully D．unnecessarily
12．A．come up B．turn up C．set up D．end up
13．A．save B．protect C．prevent D．guard
14．A．comfortable B．attainable C．bearable D．adjustable
15．A．instead of B．in terms of C．by means of D．regardless of
【答案】
1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．C 10．B 11．A
12．D 13．C 14．B 15．D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了作者随着年龄的增长，意识到名人演讲传递了错误的思想，暗示任何人都可以实现他们想要的，只要有愿望。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着年龄的增长，我意识到这种观念背后的害处。A. worried担心；
B. changed改变；C. realized意识到；D. controlled控制。根据上文“I used to find award show speeches
inspiring when celebrities encouraged people to “chase their dreams.”(我曾经发现，当名人鼓励人们“追逐梦
想”时，颁奖典礼上的演讲很鼓舞人心)”以及后文“the toxicity behind this notion”指作者开始意识到这种观
念背后的害处。故选C。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于各种各样的障碍，追求我们的梦想并不总是容易的。A. barriers障碍；
B. shelters避难所；C. excuses借口；D. thoughts想法。根据上文“Pursuing our dreams is not always easy”可
知，追求梦想不容易是因为各种障碍的原因。故选A。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，我想成为一名歌手，但缺乏经济手段来试镜比赛节目。A. failed失败；
B. agreed同意；C. used使用；D. desired渴望。根据上文“Pursuing our dreams”以及后文“to be a singer but
lacked the financial means to audition for competition shows”指作者想要成为歌手，但是缺乏经济手段来试镜
比赛节目。故选D。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，我的梦想变成了成为一名漫画编辑，但我面临着语言障碍、旅行费
用和难考等挑战。A. focused集中；B. shifted转换，变成；C. continued继续；D. happened发生。根据后文
“to becoming a manga editor”指作者成为歌手的梦想，变成了成为漫画编辑。故选B。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，我的梦想变成了成为一名漫画编辑，但我面临着语言障碍、旅行费
用和难考等挑战。A. efforts努力；B. challenges挑战；C. demands要求；D. choices选择。后文“like
language barriers, travel costs, and difficult exams”语言障碍、旅行费用和难考是作者面临的挑战。故选B。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管有希望，但考虑到许多名人都是白手起家的，实现梦想的人仍然很
少。A. straightforward直接的；B. common共同的；C. complicated复杂的；D. rare少有的。根据上文
“Though there is hope”中though表示转折，说明尽管有希望，但考虑到许多名人都是白手起家的，实现梦
想的人仍然很少。故选D。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个曾经雄心勃勃的人，这些“追逐你的梦想”的演讲给了我虚假
的希望。A. false虚假的；B. true真的；C. great伟大的；D. special特别的。上文提到实现梦想的人仍然很
少，所以此处指演讲给了作者虚假的希望，故选A。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我反对这样的名人演讲，因为他们暗示任何人都可以实现他们想要的，只
要有愿望。A. confirm确认；B. appreciate感激；C. accomplish实现；D. distribute分配。根据后文
“whatever they desire simply by wishing for it”指名人演讲暗示任何人都可以实现他们想要的，只要有愿望。
故选C。9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，现实告诉我们并非如此。A. Therefore因此；B. Moreover此外；C.
However然而；D. Furthermore此外。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用however。故选C。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不是要悲观，而是要现实一点。A. optimistic乐观的；B. pessimistic消
极的；C. energetic精力充沛的；D. enthusiastic热情的。根据后文“but rather realistic”可知，作者这么说是
出于现实，而不是悲观。故选B。
11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我还发现了其他的爱好——写作和编辑——并出人意料地在大学里把它们
作为职业来追求。A. unexpectedly意外地；B. unavoidably不可避免地；C. uneventfully太平无事地；D.
unnecessarily不必要地。根据后文“pursued them as a career through college”可知，指作者把写作和编辑意
外作为职业追求。故选A。
12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果我们没有完全到达我们想要到达的地方，那也没关系。A. come up接
近；B. turn up出现；C. set up建立；D. end up结束。根据后文“exactly where we want to be, it is alright”可
知，此处指道路最后没能让作者最终到达想要到达的地方，故选D。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：生活有时会出现障碍，阻止我们为未来选择第一偏好。A. save挽救；B.
protect保护；C. prevent阻止；D. guard守卫。根据上文“Life sometimes presents obstacles”指障碍会阻止人
们为未来选择第一偏好。故选C。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们的梦想可能并不总是可以实现的，但这并不意味着好事不在等着我
们。A. comfortable舒服的；B. attainable可获得的；C. bearable可忍受的；D. adjustable可调节的。根据后
文“but that does not mean good things are not in store for us”中but表示转折，说明梦想并不总是可以实现的，
但这并不意味着好事不在等着我们。故选B。
15．考查介词短语辨析。句意：不要失去希望，因为不管你做出什么样的选择，你都有一个光明的未来。
A. instead of而不是；B. in terms of就……而言；C. by means of通过；D. regardless of不管。根据上文“for
you have a bright future ahead”以及后文“the choices you make”指不管做出什么样的选择，你都有一个光明
的未来。故选D。
1.（2025·河南省豫西北教研联盟（许洛平）高三一模）
体裁：说明文 词数：238 话题：俚语拉近两代人的距离 难度：★★★☆☆
My son just completed high school and when he leaves for college in the fall, I’ll 1 his lessons inteenage slang (俚语). His slang has offered me an accidental but useful portrait (描述) of how he and his generation
2 the world.
From one generation to the next, the terms changed, but the 3 typically didn’t. New words were
routinely 4 to express familiar concepts: one generation’s “cool” 5 another’s “dope” and so on.
Members of my son’s generation have a vastly superior approach to slang. They’ve created a language that
6 the new and distinct reality they face.
“Mid” is an obvious 7 in my son’s usage, things that are mid are things that are average or 8
below. Everything in a railway station or an airport falls into the category of “mid”. It’s a brilliant, precise word for
a mildly 9 world.
But my favorite new slang word is “based” — short for “based in fact” or “based in reality” and often used
as a term of agreement when someone 10 a debatable opinion.
The kids themselves are bright. That is why I’m so 11 to my son who gave me a chance to 12
the language of his generation. One purpose of slang is to demonstrate generational 13 , yet slang has
brought my son and me closer. The current 14 created slangs and they’ve proved themselves more 15
than we were.
1．A．teach B．prepare C．miss D．attend
2．A．see B．change C．impact D．shape
3．A．users B．meanings C．forms D．targets
4．A．searched B．defined C．abused D．adopted
5．A．leads B．becomes C．causes D．follows
6．A．dates from B．turns to C．escapes from D．responds to
7．A．example B．tool C．exception D．expression
8．A．unbelievably B．terribly C．slightly D．unreasonably
9．A．thrilling B．excellent C．indifferent D．disappointing
10．A．seeks B．states C．exchanges D．analyzes
11．A．helpful B．familiar C．grateful D．sensitive
12．A．compare B．approach C．assess D．imitate
13．A．ability B．dreams C．shortcomings D．distinction
14．A．teenagers B．children C．adults D．seniors
15．A．realistic B．considerate C．innovative D．energetic
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．B 11．C
12．B 13．D 14．A 15．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了作者通过儿子的俚语了解其一代人如何看待世界，以及俚语如何
拉近两代人的距离。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我儿子刚刚高中毕业，当他秋天离家去上大学时，我会想念他在青少年俚
语方面的课程。A. teach教；B. prepare准备；C. miss想念；D. attend参加。根据后文“his lessons in
teenage slang”及常识可知，作者会在儿子离开后怀念儿子教给她的青少年俚语课程，故选C。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的俚语为我提供了一个偶然但有用的描述，展示了他和他的这一代人是
如何看待这个世界的。A. see看待，认为；B. change改变；C. impact影响；D. shape塑造。根据后文“the
world”可知，此处指他和他的这一代人是如何看待这个世界的，故选A。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从一代人到下一代人，这些术语发生了变化，但含义通常没有改变。A.
users使用者；B. meanings含义；C. forms形式；D. targets目标。根据后文“New words were routinely
to express familiar concepts”可知，这些术语发生了变化，但基本含义没有变化，故选B。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：新词经常被采用来表达熟悉的概念：一代人的“cool”变成了另一代人的
“dope”等等。A. searched搜索；B. defined定义；C. abused滥用；D. adopted采用，采纳。根据后文“to
express familiar concepts”可知，新词汇被采用来表达熟悉的概念，故选D。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. leads引导；B. becomes变成；C. causes导致；D. follows跟随。根
据前文“New words were routinely to express familiar concepts”可知，新词汇被用来表达已有的概念，即
一代人的“cool”变成了另一代人的“dope”，故选B。
6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们创造了一种语言来回应他们所面临的新而独特的现实。A. dates from追
溯到；B. turns to转向；C. escapes from逃离；D. responds to回应。根据后文“the new and distinct reality
they face”可知，这种语言是对新现实的回应，故选D。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我的儿子的用法中，“Mid”是一个明显的例子，被认为是中等或略低于
平均水平的东西都属于“mid”类别。A. example例子；B. tool工具；C. exception例外；D. expression表达。
根据后文“in my son’s usage”可知，“Mid”是一个典型的例子，故选A。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. unbelievably难以置信地；B. terribly糟糕地；C. slightly稍微；D.
unreasonably不合理地。根据前文“that are average or”及后文“below”可知，此处指稍微低于平均水平，故
选C。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一个绝妙而精确的词，用来形容一个令人失望的世界。A. thrilling令
人激动的；B. excellent极好的；C. indifferent漠不关心的；D. disappointing令人失望的。根据前文“thingsthat are mid are things that are average or below”可知，这个词描述的是令人失望的世界，故选D。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我最喜欢的俚语新词是“based”——“基于事实”或“基于现实”的缩写，
当有人陈述一个有争议的观点时，它经常被用作表示同意的术语。A. seeks寻找；B. states陈述；C.
exchanges交换；D. analyzes分析。根据后文“a debatable opinion”可知，此处指陈述一个有争议的观点，
故选B。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么我对我的儿子如此感激，他给了我一个机会去了解他那一
代人的语言。A. helpful有帮助的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. grateful感激的；D. sensitive敏感的。根据后文
“who gave me a chance to the language of his generation”可知，作者对儿子提供的机会感到感激，故
选C。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. compare比较；B. approach接近，了解；C. assess评估；D.
imitate模仿。根据后文“the language of his generation”可知，此处指接近和了解儿子这一代的语言，故选
B。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：俚语的一个目的是展示代际差异，然而俚语却让我的儿子和我更亲近了。
A. ability能力；B. dreams梦想；C. shortcomings缺点；D. distinction差异。根据前文“One purpose of slang
is to demonstrate generational”可知，此处指俚语本来是用来展示代际差异的，故选D。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当前的青少年创造了俚语，并且证明了他们比我们更有创新性。A.
teenagers青少年；B. children儿童；C. adults成年人；D. seniors老年人。根据前文“teenage slang”和“The
kids themselves are bright”及后文“created slangs”可知，创造俚语的是青少年，故选A。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当前的青少年创造了俚语，并且证明了他们比我们更有创新性。A.
realistic现实的；B. considerate体贴的；C. innovative创新的；D. energetic精力充沛的。根据前文“created
slangs”可知，青少年创造了俚语，说明他们更有创新性，故选C。
2.（2025·安徽省阜阳市高三月考）
体裁：议论文 词数：280 话题：探讨幸福 难度：★★★☆☆
The history of human beings is naturally a process to pursue happiness, which is the ultimate purpose of life.
Happiness makes us cope with our careers energetically and harmonize life 1 .
However, the word “pursue” evidences that happiness is like a horizon (地平线), when we move further, it
2 away.
Obviously, defining happiness has 3 mankind for thousands of years because individuals all have
their own 4 and, more critically, human desires are almost limitless. 5 is the common standard for
happiness of merchants, yet their dreams of being billionaires and even zillionaires always follow the fulfilment ofthe dreams of being millionaires. The process of struggling for may-be happiness always ends in must-be 6 .
Thus, the definition of happiness can hardly be 7 .Nevertheless, although happiness is indefinable, it is still
easy for us to find the 8 examples of happy people, who, in fact, share three features in common: optimistic
mentality, 9 body, and stable income. It is apparent that most of the sufferings are 10 by external
surroundings and they are nearly unavoidable. Thus, one can only change his mentality to 11 them.
Meanwhile, without health one cannot sustain happiness to enjoy the 12 of life.
Furthermore, to be realistic, a beggar, while struggling in poverty, can never be as 13 as a
millionaire sailing on the Pacific Ocean. Hence, stable income is also significant for achieving happiness.
To summarise, to define happiness will not be so hard if humans can understand happiness in a standard way
and eliminate (消灭) their 14 totally. However, before the realization of this 15 , being
optimistic, healthy, and financially independent may be the “keys” to happiness.
1．A．instantly B．definitely C．permanently D．optimistically
2．A．puts B．backs C．gives D．breaks
3．A．helped B．confused C．changed D．interrupted
4．A．directions B．compositions C．solutions D．interpretations
5．A．Fame B．Health C．Wealth D．Liberty
6．A．success B．sacrifice C．motivation D．dissatisfaction
7．A．settled B．copied C．expected D．expanded
8．A．rare B．unique C．walking D．running
9．A．weak B．slim C．sound D．large
10．A．cut down B．held back C．pulled up D．brought about
11．A．clear B．find C．test D．grasp
12．A．cycle B．sunshine C．outcome D．power
13．A．peaceful B．careful C．polite D．practical
14．A．fear B．greed C．dream D．poverty
15．A．goal B．value C．cause D．potential
【答案】
1．D 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．C 10．D 11．A
12．B 13．A 14．B 15．A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“幸福”这一主题展开，提出人类追求幸福是人生的终极目的，探
讨了幸福定义的困难性，并阐述了实现幸福的可能途径。1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸福让我们精力充沛地应对事业，乐观地调和生活。A. instantly立刻；B.
definitely肯定地；C. permanently永久地；D. optimistically乐观地。根据空前的“cope with our careers
energetically”可判断，空处指的是“乐观地”面对生活。故选D。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，“追求”一词表明，幸福就像地平线，当我们向前迈进时，它却在
后退。A. puts放置；B. backs支持、后退；C. gives给予；D. breaks打破。根据上文“the word “pursue”
evidences that happiness is like a horizon (地平线), when we move further”以及常理可知，幸福就像地平线，你
追求它，它却越来越遥远，也就是仿佛在后退。故选B。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：显然，数千年来，人类对幸福的定义一直感到困惑，因为每个人都有自己
的诠释，而且更重要的是，人类的欲望几乎是无限的。A. helped帮助；B. confused使困惑；C. changed改
变；D. interrupted打断。根据下文“individuals all have their own ______ and, more critically, human desires
are almost limitless.”可推测，每个人对幸福都有自己的诠释，因此，人们对定义幸福感到困惑。故选B。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：显然，数千年来，人类对幸福的定义一直感到困惑，因为每个人都有自己
的诠释，而且更重要的是，人类的欲望几乎是无限的。A. directions方向；B. compositions作文；C.
solutions解决方案；D. interpretations诠释。根据下文“______ is the common standard for happiness of
merchants, yet their dreams of being billionaires and even zillionaires always follow the fulfilment of the dreams of
being millionaires.”可知，下文解释了商人的幸福标准就是得到财富。由此可推测，空处指的是对于幸福的
定义，不同的人有不同的诠释。故选D。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：财富是商人幸福的共同标准，但他们成为亿万富翁甚至万亿富翁的梦想总
是在实现成为百万富翁的梦想之后接踵而至。A. Fame名声；B. Health健康；C. Wealth财富；D. Liberty自
由。根据下文“the common standard for happiness of merchants, yet their dreams of being billionaires and even
zillionaires always follow the fulfilment of the dreams of being millionaires.”可推测，商人的幸福就是成为亿万
富翁甚至万亿富翁，由此可知，对于商人而言，财富就是幸福的标准。故选C。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为可能的幸福而奋斗的过程往往以必然的不满告终。A. success成功；B.
sacrifice牺牲；C. motivation动机；D. dissatisfaction不满。根据上文“human desires are almost limitless”可
知，人类的欲望是无止尽的，由此可知，这样的追逐幸福的过程必然会带来不满，因为，欲望永远无法得
到满足。故选D。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，幸福的定义很难确定。A. settled定居、确定；B. copied复制；C.
expected期待、预料；D. expanded扩大、扩展。根据下文“although happiness is indefinable”可知，幸福难
以定义。故选A。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，尽管幸福难以定义，但我们仍然很容易找到幸福之人的活生生的例子，他们实际上有三个共同特征：乐观的心态、健康的身体和稳定的收入。A. rare罕见的；B. unique独
特的；C. walking行走的、活生生的；D. running跑步的。根据上文可知，幸福难以定义；再根据空后
“examples of happy people”可知，尽管很难找到幸福，但是也有活生生的找到幸福之人的例子。故选C。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，尽管幸福难以定义，但我们仍然很容易找到幸福之人的活生生的
例子，他们实际上有三个共同特征：乐观的心态、健康的身体和稳定的收入。A. weak虚弱的；B. slim苗
条的；C. sound健康的；D. large大的。根据下文“Meanwhile, without health one cannot sustain happiness to
enjoy the ______ of life.”以及“However, before the realization of this ______, being optimistic, healthy, and
financially independent may be the “keys” to happiness”可知，幸福的人都有健康的身体。故选C。
10．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：显然，大多数痛苦都是由外部环境造成的，而这些痛苦几乎是不可避
免的。A. cut down消减、减少；B. held back阻止、阻碍；C. pulled up拔起；D. brought about带来、引起。
根据空后的“by external surroundings and they are nearly unavoidable”可知，这些痛苦是由外部环境造成的。
故选D。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，一个人只能通过改变心态来消除这些痛苦。A. clear清除；B. find发
现、找到；C. test测试；D. grasp抓住、理解。根据上文“they are nearly unavoidable”可知，这些痛苦是无
法避免的；再根据“optimistic mentality”可推测，作者认为想要清除痛苦只能改变心态，变得乐观。故选
A。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同时，没有健康，一个人就无法持续享受幸福，无法沐浴生活的阳光。A.
cycle循环；B. sunshine阳光；C. outcome结果；D. power权力、力量。根据空前的“sustain happiness”可推
测，没有健康，一个人就没有幸福，也就是说，没有办法享受生活的阳光。故选B。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，从现实的角度来看，一个乞丐在贫困中挣扎时，绝不可能像百万
富翁在太平洋上航行时那样平静。A. peaceful和平的、平静的；B. careful小心的；C. polite有礼貌的；D.
practical实用的。根据上文“a beggar, while struggling in poverty”中的“struggling”可推测，空处指的是两种
情况的比较，乞丐在贫困中挣扎时，百万富翁在太平洋上航行时很平静。故选A。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：综上所述，如果人类能以标准的方式理解幸福并完全消除贪婪，那么定义
幸福就不会那么困难。A. fear害怕；B. greed贪婪；C. dream梦想；D. poverty贫穷。根据上文“human
desires are almost limitless”可推测，一个人无法满足欲望，消除贪婪，就没办法定义属于自己的幸福。故选
B。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在实现这一目标之前，保持乐观、健康和财务独立可能是通往幸福
的“钥匙”。A. goal目标；B. value价值；C. cause事业、原因；D. potential潜力。根据空前的“the
realization”以及空后的“being optimistic, healthy, and financially independent may be the “keys” to happiness.”可推测，保持乐观、健康和财务独立可以让我们实现幸福这一目标。故选A。
1.（2021年天津卷）
For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got ____16____
when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his ____17____ took a turn.
After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy ____18____.
For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was ____19____ his stolen bike. But when he went bike
shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the ____20____ of bikes was Covid-19 related,
and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed ____21____ to get to work?
With that thought in mind, Pruitt ____22____ a plan and posted it on the community website. He
____23____ to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he
would repair-again ____24____. And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have
the ____25____ to buy one.
The day the post went live, Pruitt received thirty ____26____ bicycles. Then came more than 500
____27____ for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be
____28____ to their owners.
Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are ____29____ struggling. ____30____ simply satisfying a
material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.
In addition to ____31____ skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings
of community. ____32____, the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.
"It's a really great ____33____ for kids,“ said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. "Pruitt is
certainly providing a ____34____, but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the
____35____ that he can make on people."
16. A. amazed B. mad C. curious D. frightened
17. A. emotions B. career C. opinions D. route
18. A. ever B. together C. instead D. yet
19. A. ride B. lock C. repair D. replace
20. A. lack B. variety C. increase D. quality21. A. instruction B. qualification C. transportation D. permission
22. A. came up with B. stuck to C. gave up D. broke away from
23. A. remembered B. refused C. hesitated D. offered
24. A. by accident B. in advance C. for free D. on credit
25. A. profit B. budget C. courage D. excuse
26. A. shared B. used C. expensive D. modern
27. A. enquiries B. advertisements C. notices D. announcements
28. A. exported B. sold C. lent D. returned
29. A. hardly B. slightly C. truly D. instantly
30. A. Without B. Beyond C. Upon D. Among
31. A. practical B. commercial C. mathematical D. social
32. A. Otherwise B. However C. Somehow D. Meanwhile
33. A. promise B. celebration C. comfort D. experience
34. A. competition B. service C. ceremony D. suggestion
35. A. compromise B. impression C. impact D. progress
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. A 21. C 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. B 26.
B 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. D 34. B 35. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了Robbie Pruitt在自己的自行车被偷后，想出了给人免费修车的计
划。他把这一计划发布到了网上，主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。他还想要一些没人要的自行
车，他愿意再免费修理一次。然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。他还教授邻居的
孩子们免费修车，得到了邻居的赞赏。
16.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Robbie Pruitt承认，去年9月发现他的山地车被盗时，他很生气。A.
amazed惊讶的；B. mad生气的；C. curious好奇的；D. frightened害怕的。根据后文“letting go of his anger”
可知发现车被偷，Robbie Pruitt当时很生气。故选B。
17.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但很快，他的情绪发生了变化。A. emotions情绪；B. career事业；C.
opinions观点；D. route路线。结合后文“After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a
road to sympathy”可知Robbie Pruitt从生气沮丧变成了同情，情绪发生了变化。故选A。
18.考查副词词义辨析。句意：在放下愤怒和沮丧之后，他发现自己走上了同情之路。A. ever曾经；B.
together一起；C. instead相反；D. yet然而。结合上文“he found himself on a road to sympathy”可知，发现
自己的车被偷，Robbie Pruitt放下愤怒和沮丧，反而走上了同情他人的道路。故选C。
19.考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于热衷于骑自行车的Pruitt来说，第一件要做的事就是取代他被偷的自行
车。A. ride骑车；B. lock锁上；C. repair修理；D. replace取代。根据后文“his stolen bike. But when he
went bike shopping”可知车被偷，Pruitt要买车来取代被偷的自行车。故选D。
20.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少自行车与Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. lack缺乏；B. variety多样；C.
increase增加；D. quality质量。根据上文“he found few available”可知商店里也缺少自行车。故选A。
21.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少自行车
与Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. instruction指令；B. qualification资
格；C. transportation运输工具；D. permission允许。根据前后文“needed … to get to work”可知，Pruitt猜
测偷自己自行车的人是因为确实需要交通工具去上班。故选C。
22.考查动词短语辨析。句意：带着这个想法，Pruitt想出了一个计划，并把它发布在了社区网站上。A.
came up with提出；B. stuck to坚持；C. gave up放弃；D. broke away from突然逃跑。根据后文“a plan and
posted it on the community website”指想出了一个计划，come up with符合语境。故选A。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。A. remembered记得；B.
refused拒绝；C. hesitated犹豫；D. offered提议。结合后文“to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed
it”指Pruitt提议为他人免费修车，offer to do sth.“主动提出做某事”。故选D。
24.考查固定短语辨析。句意：他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。A. by accident偶
然；B. in advance提前；C. for free免费；D. on credit赊账。呼应上文“fix bikes free of charge”他的修车都
是免费的。故选C。
25.考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。A. profit利润；
B. budget预算；C. courage勇气；D. excuse借口。根据前后文“folks who could truly use them but didn't have
the…to buy one”可知，Pruitt捐车的对象是那些需要车但是预算不够，买不起的人，but表示转折，说明预
算紧张。故选B。
26.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一帖子发布当天，Pruitt收到了30辆二手自行车。A. shared共享的；B.
used二手的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. modern现代的。根据上文“He also asked for unwanted bikes”可知，
Pruitt也回收不想要的二手车，所以在帖子发布当天收到了30辆二手自行车。故选B。
27.考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后就来了500多个询问详细信息的询问。A. enquiries询问；B.
advertisements广告；C. notices通知；D. announcements公告。根据后文“for detailed information”可知有询
问详细信息的询问。故选A。
28.考查动词词义辨析。句意：到2020年底，Pruitt已经修复了140多件自行车，这些自行车要么捐赠，要
么返还原主。A. exported出口；B. sold出售；C. lent借给；D. returned返回，返还。结合后文“to their
owners”指修好的车返还给主人，return符合语境。故选D。
29.考查副词词义辨析。句意：Pruitt试图把他的捐赠捐给那些真正生活困难挣扎的家庭。A. hardly几乎
不；B. slightly轻微地；C. truly真实地；D. instantly立即。此处呼应上文“folks who could truly use them”指
Pruitt的捐赠都是给那些真正生活有困难的家庭的。故选C。
30.考查介词词义辨析。句意：在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上，他为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理
自行车的机会。A. Without除了；B. Beyond越过；C. Upon在……上；D. Among在……中间。结合后文
“simply satisfying a material need”表示“在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上”应用介词upon。故选C。
31.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了实用技能，Pruitt的课程还教授团队合作，鼓励自我价值，促进社区
感觉。A. practical实际的；B. commercial商业的；C. mathematical数学的；D. social社会的。根据上文“he
has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.”可知，Pruitt为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会，即教授他们实用技能。故选A。
32.考查副词词义辨析。句意：同时，孩子们也有了一种成就感。A. Otherwise否则；B. However然而；C.
Somehow不知怎么；D. Meanwhile同时。根据前后文语境，可知孩子们通过参加Pruitt的课程，学到了实
用技能，同时还有了一种成就感，Meanwhile符合语境。故选D。
33.考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位邻居在接受当地报纸采访时说：“对孩子们来说，这真是一次很棒的经
历。”A. promise承诺；B. celebration庆祝；C. comfort安慰；D. experience经历。根据语境，参与Pruitt的
课程对孩子们来说，是一次经历。故选D。
34.考查名词词义辨析。句意：Pruitt当然会提供服务，但不仅仅是自行车。A. competition比赛；B. service
服务；C. ceremony典礼；D. suggestion建议。结合上文可知，Pruitt为人们免费修车，还为社区的孩子教授
如何修车，所以他提供的是服务。故选B。
35.考查名词词义辨析。句意：而是他能对人们产生的影响。A. compromise妥协；B. impression印象；C.
impact影响；D. progress进步。根据后文“he can make on people”可知为短语make impact on“对……产生影
响”。故选C。
2.（2015年安徽卷）
In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 71 is that
countries around the world have growing mountains of 72 because people are throwing out more rubbish
than ever before.
How did we 73 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 74 an object than to
spend time and money to repair it. 75 modern manufacturing (制造业)and technology, companies are able
to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 76 .
Another cause is our 77 of disposable (一次性的) products. As 78 people, we are always
looking for 79 to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 80 thousands of different
kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.
Our appetite for new products also 81 to the problem. We are 82 buying new things.
Advertisements persuade us that 83 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The
result is that we 84 useful possessions to make room for new ones.
All around the world, we can see the 85 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep
getting bigger. To 86 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 87 , more governments are
requiring people to recycle materials. 88 , this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.
Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 89 throwing them away. We also
need to rethink our attitudes about 90 . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may
be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.71．A．key B．reason C．project D．problem
72．A．gifts B．rubbish C．debt D．products
73．A．face B．become C．observe D．change
74．A．hide B．control C．replace D．withdraw
75．A．Thanks to B．As to C．Except for D．Regardless of
76．A．safe B．funny C．cheap D．powerful
77．A．love B．lack C．prevention D．division
78．A．sensitive B．kind C．brave D．busy
79．A．ways B．places C．jobs D．friends
80．A．donate B．receive C．produce D．preserve
81．A．adapts B．returns C．responds D．contributes
82．A．tired of B．addicted to C．worried about D．ashamed for
83．A．newer B．stronger C．higher D．larger
84．A．pick up B．pay for C．hold onto D．throw away
85．A．advantages B．purposes C．functions D．consequences
86．A．show B．record C．decrease D．measure
87．A．technology B．environment C．consumers D．brands
88．A．However B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．Meanwhile
89．A．by B．in favour of C．after D．instead of
90．A．spending B．collecting C．repairing D．advertising
【答案】71．D 72．B 73．B 74．C 75．A 76．C 77．A 78．D 79．A
80．C 81．D 82．B 83．A 84．D 85．D 86．C 87．B 88．A 89．D
90．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的影响。随着社会的发展，人们
倾向于扔掉用旧了的东西，以新物品取而代之。而且，包装盒等一次性产品给人们带来方便的同时，也给
环境带来很大的压力。
71．考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是，世界各国的垃圾堆积如山，因为人们扔出的垃圾比以往任何时候
都多。A. key答案；B. reason原因；C. project项目；D. problem问题。根据上文In our modern world,
when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one.可知，此处指带来的问题。故选D。
72．考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是，世界各国的垃圾堆积如山，因为人们扔出的垃圾比以往任何时候
都多。A. gifts礼物；B. rubbish垃圾；C. debt债务；D. products产品。根据下文中的throwing out more
rubbish可知，此处指如山的垃圾。故选B。
73．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们如何成为一个一次性的社会的？A. face面对；B. become成为；C.observe观察；D. change改变。根据语境可知，此处在问我们如何成为了一个一次性的社会。故选B。
74．考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，现在替换一个物体要比花时间和金钱来修复它更容易。A. hide隐
藏；B. control控制；C. replace代替；D. withdraw撤退。根据下文than to spend time and money to
repair it.可知，我们可以更容易地替换一个物体。故选C。
75．考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于现代制造业和技术，公司能够迅速而廉价地制造产品。A. Thanks to
幸亏，由于； B. As to至于，关于；C. Except for除……之外；D. Regardless of不管，不顾。根据句意
可知，此处表示原因。故选A。
76．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：产品丰富多样并且廉价。A. safe安全的；B. funny滑稽可笑的；C.
cheap便宜的；D. powerful强大的，强有力的。根据上文 5 modern manufacturing (制造业)and
technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.可知，产品丰富多样并且廉
价。故选C。
77．考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个原因是我们对一次性产品的喜爱。A. love爱；B. lack缺乏；C.
prevention预防，阻止；D. division部门，分割。根据下文As 8 people, we are always looking
for 9 to save time and make our lives easier.可知，我们喜爱一次性产品。故选A。
78．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为忙碌的人，我们总是在寻找节省时间和使我们的生活更容易的方
法。A. sensitive敏感的；B. kind和蔼的；C. brave勇敢的；D. busy忙碌的。根据下文to save time and
make our lives easier可知，忙碌的人总是在寻找节省时间和使我们的生活更容易的方法。故选D。
79．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为忙碌的人，我们总是在寻找节省时间和使我们的生活更容易的方法。
A. ways方法；B. places地方；C. jobs工作；D. friends朋友。根据语境可知，此处指我们总是在寻找节
省时间和使我们的生活更容易的方法。故选A。
80．考查动词词义辨析。句意：公司生产成千上万的不同种类的一次性产品：纸盘子、塑料杯、照相机等
等。A. donate捐赠；B. receive收到；C. produce生产；D. preserve保护，维持。根据语境可知，此处指
公司生产成千上万的不同种类的一次性产品。故选C。
81．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们对新产品的需求也导致了这个问题。A. adapts to适应；改编；B.
returns to返回；回复；C. responds to对……做出反应；D. contributes to有助于，导致。根据语境可知，
此处指导致了这个问题。故选D。
82．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：我们热衷于购买新东西。A. tired of对……厌倦；B. addicted to对……
上瘾，迷恋于……；C. worried about担心；D. ashamed for为……感到惭愧。根据上文Our appetite for
new products also 1 1 to the problem.可知，我们热衷于购买新东西。故选B。
83．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：广告说服我们，越新越好，我们会更乐于使用最新产品。A. newer更新
的；B. stronger更强的；C. higher更高的；D. larger更大的。根据下文that we will be happier with the
latest products.可知，广告说服我们，产品越新越好。故选A。
84．考查动词短语辨析。句意：结果是，我们扔掉有用的东西，为新的物品腾出空间。A. pick up捡起，
学会；B. pay for付款；赔偿；C. hold onto紧紧抓住，抓住不放，保持住；D. throw away扔掉，丢弃。
根据下文to make room for new ones.可知，此处指扔掉有用的东西，为新的物品腾出空间。故选D。
85．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在世界各地，我们可以看到这种一次性生活方式的后果。A. advantages优
势，优点；B. purposes目的；C. functions功能；D. consequences后果，结果。根据下文Mountains ofrubbish just keep getting bigger.可知，此处指一次性生活方式的后果。故选D。
86．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了减少垃圾的数量和保护环境，越来越多的政府要求人们回收材料。A.
show显示，表明；B. record记录，记载；C. decrease减少；D. measure测量，权衡。根据下文more
governments are requiring people to recycle materials.可知，此处指为了减少垃圾的数量。故选C。
87．考查名词词义辨析。句意：A. technology技术；B. environment环境；C. consumers消费者；D.
brands品牌。根据下文more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.可知，此处指保护环
境。故选B。
88．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这并不足以解决我们的问题。A. However可是，然而；B.
Otherwise否则；C．Therefore所以；D. Meanwhile与此同时。根据语境可知，前后是转折关系。故选A。
89．考查介词（短语）辨析。句意：我们需要修复我们的财产而不是丢弃。A. by通过；B. in favour of
支持，赞成；C. after在……之后；D. instead of而不是。根据语境可知，前后是对比关系。故选D。
90．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们还需要重新思考我们对消费的态度。A. spending消费；B. collecting
收集；C. repairing修复；D. advertising作广告。根据语境可知，此处指重新思考我们对消费的态度。故选
A。
3.（2013年广东卷）
Number sense is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a 21 , in number. Human beings
are born with this ability. 22 , experiments show that many animals are, too. For example, many birds
have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not 23 However, if you
remove two, the bird 24 leaves. This means that the bird knows the 25 between two and three.
Another interesting experiment showed a bird's 26 number sense. A man was trying to take a photo of
a crow(乌鸦)that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. The bird did not 27
until the man left the tower. The man had an 28 . He took another man with him to the tower. One man left
and the other stayed, but they did not 29 the bird. The crow stayed away until the second man left, too. The
experiment was 30 with three men and then with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until all
the men were 31 . It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were 32
able to fool the crow.
How good is a human's number sense? It's not very good. For example, babies about fourteen months old
almost always notice if something is taken away from a 33 group. But when the number goes beyond three
or four, the children are 34 fooled.
It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world, and that our
human 35 is not much better than a crow's.
21．A．rise B．pattern C．change D．trend22．A．Importantly B．Surprisingly C．Disappointedly D．Fortunately
23．A．survive B．care C．hatch D．notice
24．A．generally B．sincerely C．casually D．deliberately
25．A．distance B．range C．different D．interval
26．A．amazing B．annoying C．satisfying D．disturbing
27．A．relax B．recover C．react D．return
28．A．appointment B．excuse C．idea D．explanation
29．A．fool B．hurt C．catch D．kill
30．A．reported B．repeated C．designed D．approved
31．A．confused B．gone C．tired D．drunk
32．A．gradually B．luckily C．strangely D．finally
33．A．single B．small C．local D．new
34．A．seldom B．temporarily C．merely D．often
35．A．sight B．nature C．ability D．belief
【答案】21．C 22．B 23．D 24．A 25．C 26．A 27．D 28．C 29．A
30．B 31．B 32．D 33．B 34．D 35．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过实验证明了鸟类在一定范围内也有和人类一样的感知数字变化的能
力。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是意识到在数字方面改变的一种能力。A. rise上升；B. pattern模式；C.
change改变；D. trend趋向。 根据下文的“For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four
eggs and you remove one”可知，此处是指意识到数字方面改变的一种能力。故选C。
22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人吃惊的是，很多动物也有这方面的能力。A. Importantly重要地；B.
Surprisingly令人吃惊地；C. Disappointedly失望地；D. Fortunately幸运地。根据上下文句意，此处表示惊
讶，居然动物也具有这种能力。故选B。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果一个巢里面有4个蛋，你拿走了一个，鸟是不会注意到的。A. survive
幸存；B. care关心，在乎；C. hatch孵化；D. notice注意到。根据下文的“For example, babies about
fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a 1 3 group.”可知，此处是
指拿走一个蛋，鸟不会注意到。notice是原词复现。故选D。
24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，当你拿走两个时，鸟普遍会离开。A. generally普遍；B. sincerely衷
心地；C. casually随意地；D. deliberately故意地。根据句意可知，此处是指如果被拿走的鸟蛋较多，鸟会
注意到，遇到这种情况，鸟普遍会离开巢。故选A。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着鸟知道二和三的不同。A. distance距离；B. range范围；C.
difference不同；D. interval间隔。结合上文给出的例子可知，鸟知道巢里面是两个还是三个蛋，即它们能
分出二和三的不同。故选C。26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另外一个有趣的实验展示了鸟惊人的数字感。A. amazing令人吃惊的；
B. annoying令人生气的；C. satisfying令人满意的；D. disturbing令人烦恼的。 结合下文给出的例子可知，
鸟类有一个令人吃惊的数字感，它们能辨别出小范围内数字的改变。故选A。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到这个人离开塔这只鸟才返回巢穴。A. relax放松；B. recover恢复；C.
react反应；D. return返回。根据下文的“But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were 1 1
”可知，此处是指等人离开了塔，鸟才返回巢中。故选D。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此人有了一个主意。A. appointment约会；B. excuse借口；C. idea主意；
D. explanation解释。根据下文的“He took another man with him to the tower.”可知，这是此人的一个主意。
故选C。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个人离开，而另一个留下来，但他们没有骗到这只鸟。A. fool愚弄；B.
hurt伤害；C. catch抓住；D. kill杀死。结合语境和根据下文的“It was not until five men went into the tower
and only four left that they were 1 2 able to fool the crow.”可知，他们这样做是为了骗这只鸟。故选A。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该实验用三人和四人又重复了两次。A. reported报道；B. repeated重复；C.
designed设计；D. approved赞同。结合上文可知，先是一个人参与实验，然后是两个人，现在是三个人和
四个人，因此是重复该实验。故选B。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但乌鸦直到所有人都离开后才回到巢穴。A. confused困惑的；B. gone消
失的；C. tired劳累的；D. drunk喝醉的。根据上文“The crow stayed away until the second man left, too.”可
知，此处只是等人离开乌鸦才回到巢穴。故选B。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：直到五个人进入塔内，四个人离开时他们才最终骗到这只乌鸦。A.
gradually逐渐地；B. luckily幸运地；C. strangely奇怪地；D. finally 最终。结合上文提到的几次实验可
知，此处是指到最后一次实验时，他们才最终骗到乌鸦。故选D。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，如果某物从一小部分东西中被拿走时，14个月左右大的孩子总是
可以注意到。A. single单一的；B. small小的；C. local当地的；D. new 新的。根据下文的“But when the
number goes beyond three or four, the children are 14 fooled.”可知，此处是指东西数量较小时，数字的
变化14个月左右大的孩子可以注意到。故选B。
34．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但当数字超过三或四时，这些孩子常常被骗。A. seldom很少；B.
temporarily暂时；C. merely仅仅；D. often常常。根据but表示转折，上文说孩子总是可以注意到小部分数
字变化，可知，此处是指如果数字超过三或四，孩子常常就注意不到变化了。故选D。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：似乎数字感是我们和动物在这个世界上共有的东西，并且我们人类的能力
并不比一只乌鸦强多少。A. sight视线，视野；B. nature自然，本性；C. ability能力；D. belief信念。根据
上文的“Human beings are born with this ability.”可知，此处是指人类感知数字变化的能力。故选C。
4.（2010年安徽卷）
Most people give little thought to the pens they write with, especially since the printers in modern homes and
offices mean that very 36 things are handwritten. All too often, people buy a pen based only on 37 ,
and wonder why they are not satisfied 38 they begin to use it. However, buying a pen that you’ll enjoy is not
39 if you keep the following in mind.First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be 40 to use. The thickness of the pen is the
most important characteristic (特征) 41 comfort. Having a small hand and thick fingers, you may
comfortable with a thin pen. If you have a 42 hand and thicker fingers you may 43 a fatter pen. The
length of a pen can 44 influence comfort. A pen that is too 45 can easily feeltop heavy and
unstable.
Then, the writing point of the pen should 46 the ink to flow evenly(均匀的) while that pen remains in
touch with the paper. 47 will make it possibly for you to create a 48 line of writing. The point
should also be sensitive enough to 49 ink from running when the pen is lifted. A point that does not
block the 50 may leave drops of ink, 51 you pick the pen up and put it down again.
52 , the pen should make a thick, dark line. Fine line pens may 53 bad handwriting, but
fine, delicate lines do not command 54 next to printed text, as, 55 , a signature on a printed
letter. A broader line, on the other hand, gives an impression of confidence and authority (权威)。
36．A．many B．few C．pleasant D．important
37．A．looks B．reason C．value D．advantages
38．A．once B．if C．because D．though
39．A．convenient B．practical C．strange D．difficult
40．A．heavy B．easy C．hard D．safe
41．A．taking B．finding C．determining D．seeking
42．A．strong B．weaker C．smaller D．larger
43．A．prefer B．recommend C．prepare D．demand
44．A．hardly B．also C．never D．still
45．A．thick B．light C．long D．soft
46．A．change B．allow C．reduce D．press
47．A．they B．one C．this D．some
48．A．thin B．rough C．black D．smooth
49．A．prevent B．free C．protect D．remove
50．A．way B．sight C．flow D．stream
51．A．so B．as C．and D．yet
52．A．Meanwhile B．Generally C．Afterwards D．Finally
53．A．show up B．differ from C．break down D．compensate for
54．A．attention B．support C．respect D．admission55．A．at most B．for example C．in brief D．on purpose
【答案】36．B 37．A 38．A 39．D 40．B 41．C 42．D 43．A 44．B
45．C 46．B 47．C 48．D 49．A 50．C 51．B 52．D 53．D 54．A
55．B
【解析】本文是说明文。许多人在使用钢笔的时候不知道什么样的笔才是好笔,在购买的时候只注重其外
表,忽略了好的钢笔所需的重要特点。本文给你在选购钢笔时提出了几点建议。
36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们忽视了对钢笔的使用，尤其是当现代家庭和办公室内打印机的使用
意味着将几乎没有什么东西是手写的时候。A. many许多；B. few很少的；C. pleasant令人高兴的；D.
important重要的。根据上文“Most people give little thought to the pens they write with”可知，人们忽视对钢
笔的使用，说明人们没多少时候要用钢笔。故选B。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现实中，人们仅为了追求外表好看而买钢笔，想知道为什么他们一旦开始
使用它就不满意。A. looks外貌；B. reason原因；C. value价值；D. advantages好处。根据下文“they begin
to use it”可知，人们买钢笔的时候只是追求外表好看，但是用的时候又不满意了。故选A。
38．考查连词词义辨析。句意：见第2题详解。A. once一旦；B. if如果；C. because因为；D. though尽
管。根据这句话 “wonder why they are not satisfied 3 they begin to use it”上下文的意思可知，应该
使用once引导条件状语从句。故选A。
39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，只要遵循以下几点，你将会发现买一支你喜欢的钢笔并不是什么
难事。A. convenient方便的；B. practical实用的；C. strange奇怪的；D. difficult困难的。根据下文“if you
keep the following in mind.”可知，如果按照下文的建议，买到满意的钢笔就不难。故选D。
40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首先，一支钢笔握在手中要感觉比较舒服，并且用起来不费力。A.
heavy重的；B. easy不费力的；容易的；C. hard困难的；D. safe安全的。根据上文“a pen should fit
comfortably in your hand”可知，这里指好的钢笔应该有的特点，所以是用起来很好用，不费力。故选B。
41．考查代词词义辨析。句意：钢笔的粗细程度是决定舒适程度的最重要的特征。A. taking带走；B.
finding找到；C. determining决定；D. seeking寻找。根据下文“comfort”可知，这里指决定舒适度的是钢笔
的粗细程度。故选C。
42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你有一只较大的手，并且手指较粗，你或许更喜欢用一支粗大的铅
笔。A. strong强壮的；B. weaker弱的；C. smaller小的；D. larger大的。根据上文“Having a small hand and
thick fingers, you may comfortable with a thin pen.”可知，这句话是和上文构成对比，上文是小手，所以这里
应该是大手。故选D。
43．考查代词词义辨析。句意：见第7题详解。A. prefer更喜欢；B. recommend推荐；C. prepare准备；D.
demand要求。根据上文“Having a small hand and thick fingers, you may comfortable with a thin pen.”可知，
这句话是和上文构成对比，所以应该是小手粗指头的适合用细笔，大手更粗指头的更喜欢用粗笔。故选
A。
44．考查副词词义辨析。句意：钢笔的长度也影响使用的舒适度。A. hardly几乎不；B. also也；C. never
从不；D. still仍然。根据上文“The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic (特征)
comfort.”可知，上文提到钢笔的粗细，后文说的是其长度问题，所以上下文应是并列关系。故选B。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：钢笔太长的话就很容易让人感到顶端过于沉重，写字时也不稳定。A.thick厚的；B. light轻的；C. long长的；D. soft软的。根据上文“The length of a pen can 9 influence
comfort.”可知，上文提到钢笔的长度，所以接下来应该解释为什么适合的长度也很重要。故选C。
46．考查代词词义辨析。句意：然后，当钢笔和纸接触时，其笔尖应该是能让墨水流畅地流出。A. change
改变；B. allow允许；C. reduce减少；D. press按压。根据下文“the ink to flow evenly”可知，这里指一支好
的钢笔的笔尖应该是允许墨水流畅地流出。故选B。
47．考查代词词义辨析。句意：这将使得你可以顺畅的书写变得可能。A. they他们；B. one一个；C. this
这个；D. some一些。根据下文“will make it possibly for you to create a 1 3 line of writing.”可知，能
完成这个要求的是上文提到的“Then, the writing point of the pen should 1 1 the ink to flow evenly(均
匀的) while that pen remains in touch with the paper.”，指代上文的一句话，用动词this。故选C。
48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：见第12题详解。A. thin薄的；B. rough粗糙的；C. black黑色的；D.
smooth顺畅的，均匀的，光滑的。根据下文“line of writing”可知，这是指要在写字的时候，写出的线条是
连贯的，流畅的，均匀的。故选D。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：好的钢笔的笔尖应该灵敏到一旦笔被提起来就可以阻止墨水继续流出来。
A. prevent阻止；B. free释放；C. protect保护；D. remove挪开，移走。根据下文“ink from running when
the pen is lifted.”可知，这里指不写字的时候好钢笔应该有的特点：一旦笔尖离开纸面就能控制住墨水的流
出，而不是肆意的继续滴落在纸上。故选A。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你提起笔或者把它再次放下时，笔尖若是不能阻止墨水的流出就会使墨
水滴在纸上。A. way方法；B. sight视线；C. flow流动；D. stream溪流。根据下文“may leave drops of ink”
可知，如果墨水继续往下滴，说明笔尖不能阻止墨水的流动。故选C。
51．考查连词词义辨析。句意：见第15题详解。A. so因此；B. as当；C. and并且；D. yet但是。根据这句
话的上下文意思可知，下文“you pick the pen up and put it down again”是指时间，用as引导时间状语。故
选B。
52．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，好钢笔应该写出来粗黑线条。A. Meanwhile同时；B. Generally大体
上看；C. Afterwards后来；D. Finally最后。根据上文提到“First of all”和“Then”可知，上文讲述了许多好
钢笔的特点这句话仍然是它的特点之一，是最后一点。故选D。
53．考查动词短语辨析。句意：好的行文线条也许可以弥补坏的书写，但是，细腻、精致的行文能引起丝
毫不亚于印刷字体比如签名那样的注意。A. show up出现；B. differ from不同于；C. break down坏掉，垮
掉；D. compensate for弥补。根据下文“bad handwriting”可知，这里指书写不好的话，如果钢笔写出来的
行文很好，可以弥补一下不好看的书写。故选D。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第18题详解。A. attention关注；B. support支持；C. respect尊敬；D.
admission允许。根据下文“A broader line, on the other hand, gives an impression of confidence and authority”
可知，作者认为优美的书法足以引起人们丝毫不亚于对印刷文字的关注——好的书法一样能够使人给予重
视。故选A。
55．考查介词短语辨析。句意：见第18题详解。A. at most最多；B. for example例如；C. in brief简单的
说；D. on purpose故意。根据下文“a signature on a printed letter”可知，作者是以签名为例来说明书法的重
要性。故选B。
5.（2009年江苏卷）The requirements for high school graduation have just changed in my community. As a result, all students
must 1 sixty hours of service learning, 2 they will not receive a diploma. Service learning is
academic learning that also helps the community. 3 of service learning include cleaning up a polluted river,
working in a soup kitchen, or tutoring a student. 4 a service experience, students must keep a journal and
then write a 5 about what they have learned.
Supporters claim that there are many 6 of service learning. Perhaps most importantly, students are
forced to think 7 their own interests and become 8 of the needs of others. Students are also able to
learn reallife skills that 9 responsibility, problemsolving, and working as part of a team. 10
students can explore possible careers 11 service learning. For example, if a student wonders what
teaching is like, he or she can choose to work in an elementary school classroom a few afternoons each month.
12 there are many benefits, opponents 13 problems with the new requirement. First, they
14 that the main reason students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills. Because service learning is
timeconsuming, students spend 15 time studying the core subjects. Second, they believe that forcing
students to work without 16 goes against the law. By requiring service, the school takes away an
individual’s freedom to choose.
In my view, service learning is a great way to 17 to the community, learn new skills, and explore
different careers. 18 , I don’t believe you should force people to help others — the 19 to help
must come from the heart. I think the best 20 is one that gives students choices: a student should be able
to choose sixty hours of independent study or sixty hours of service. Choice encourages both freedom and
responsibility and as young adults, we must learn to handle both wisely.
1．A．spend B．gain C．complete D．save
2．A．and B．or C．but D．for
3．A．Subjects B．Ideas C．Procedures D．Examples
4．A．With B．Before C．During D．After
5．A．diary B．report C．note D．notice
6．A．courses B．benefits C．challenges D．features
7．A．beyond B．about C．over D．in
8．A．careful B．proud C．tired D．aware
9．A．possess B．apply C．include D．develop
10．A．Gradually B．Finally C．Luckily D．Hopefully11．A．through B．across C．of D．on
12．A．So B．Thus C．Since D．While
13．A．deal with B．look into C．point out D．take down
14．A．argue B．doubt C．overlook D．admit
15．A．much B．full C．less D．more
16．A．cost B．pay C．care D．praise
17．A．contribute B．appeal C．attend D．belong
18．A．Therefore B．Otherwise C．Besides D．However
19．A．courage B．desire C．emotion D．spirit
20．A．decision B．purpose C．solution D．result
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．B
11．A 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．C 16．B 17．A 18．D 19．B 20．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们对高中生是否应该参加社会服务学习的不同看法。
1．C考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，所有学生必须完成60小时的社会服务学习，否则他们将得不到文
凭。A. spend 花费，度过；B. gain 获得；C. complete完成；D. save节约。根据上文“The requirements for
high school graduation”可知，这是高中毕业的一个条件，因此所有的学生必须完成60小时的社会服务学
习，故选C。
2．B考查连词词义辨析。句意同上。A. and而且，和；B. or 否则；C. but但是； D. for为。否则他们就
得不到毕业证。 根据语境可知，社会服务学习是高中毕业的一个条件，因此所有的学生必须完成60小时
的社会服务学习，否则就得不到毕业证，故选B。
3．D考查名词词义辨析。句意：服务学习的例子包括清理被污染的河流、在厨房里帮厨或辅导学生。A.
Subjects课程； B. Ideas观点；C. Procedures程序；D. Examples例子。下文“cleaning up a polluted
river, working in a soup kitchen, or tutoring a student.”都是服务学习的具体例子，故选D。
4．C考查介词词义辨析。句意：在一次服务学习期间，学生必须写日志，然后写一份关于所学内容的报
告。A. With随着，和；B. Before在…之前；C. During在……期间； D. After在…之后。空后说的写日志
和报告是学生在服务学习期间应该干的事，故选C。
5．B考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. diary日记；B. report报告； C. note笔记；D. notice注意。根据语
境可知，学生必须写完日志后，还要就他们学到了什么写一篇报告，故选B。
6．B考查名词词义辨析。句意：支持者声称服务学习有很多益处。A. courses 课程；B. benefits益处； C.
challenge挑战；D. features特征。社会服务学习的支持者肯定会说它有很多好处，故选B。
7．A考查介词词义辨析。句意：也许最重要的是，学生们被迫要跳出自己的兴趣去思考，去意识到别人的
需要。A. beyond 超出……范围；B. about关于； C. over超过，在……之上；D. in在……里面。根据常识
和语境可知，学生们选择的社会服务项目不可能完全符合自己的兴趣爱好，他们被迫要跳出自己的兴趣去
思考，故选A。
8．D考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. careful小心的；B. pround骄傲的；C. tired疲惫的；D. aware意识到的。空前一句说学生们被迫要跳出自己的兴趣去思考，因此他们要去意识到别人的需要，故选D。
9．C考查动词词义辨析。句意：学生们还能够学习现实生活中的技能，包括责任感、解决问题和团队合
作。A. possess拥有；B. apply应用； C. include包括；D. develop发展；空后提到的责任感、解决问题的能
力和责任感都是现实生活中的技能所包括的方面，故选C。
10．B考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，学生可以通过服务学习探索可能的职业。A. Gradually逐渐地；B.
Finally最后；C. Luckily幸运地；D. Hopefully有希望地。根据本段第二句“Perhaps most importantly”及第
三句的“also”可知本段讲服务学习的好处，本句是最后一个，故选B。
11．A考查介词词义辨析。句意同上。A.through通过；B.across穿过；C. of……的；D. on在……上面。根
据空后的“service learning”可知此处指“通过服务学习”，故选A。
12．D考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管有很多好处，反对者指出了新要求的问题。A. So所以；B. Thus这
样；C. Since自从；D. While虽然。空后说反对者指出新要求的问题，因此前后是让步关系，故选D。
13．C考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. deal with处理；B. look into调查；C. point out指出；D. take down
记下。根据空后的“problems with the new requirement”可知，反对者指出了新要求的问题，故选C。
14．A考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，他们认为（争论说）学生上学的主要原因是学习核心学科和技
能。A. argue争论；B. doubt怀疑； C. overlook忽视；D. admit承认。空后的“that the main reason students
go to school is to learn core subjects and skills”是反对者（争论）的观点，故选 A。
15．C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为服务学习是要花时间的，所以学生用在主要科目的学习时间就更
少了。A.much很多；B. full满的；C. less更少；D. more更多。空前一句说服务学习是要花时间的，学生
用在主要科目的学习时间自然就更少了，故选C。
16．B考查名词词义辨析。句意：其次，他们认为强迫学生无偿工作是违法的。A. cost花费；B. pay付报
酬；C. care关心；D. praise 表扬。根据下半句“goes against the law.”可知，让学生工作而不付报酬是违法
的，故选B。
17．A考查动词短语辨析。句意：在我看来，服务学习是一种很好的方式，可以为社区做出贡献，学习新
技能，探索不同的职业。A. contribute to促进、有助于；B. appeal to呼吁；C. attend to照顾；D. belong to
属于。此处contribute to是固定搭配，促进，有助于。空后提到了学习新技能和探索不同的职业，此处与
之并列，应该是为社区做贡献，故选A。
18．D考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我不认为你应该强迫一个人去帮助他人——帮助别人的愿望必须
发自内心。A. Therefore因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. Besides除此之外；D. However然而。空前一句说服务
学习可以为社区做出贡献，学习新技能，探索不同的职业，空后又说我不认为你应该强迫一个人去帮助他
人，前后是转折关系，故选D。
19．B考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. courage勇气；B. desire愿望；C. emotion情绪；D. spirit精神。与
被强迫去帮助别人形成对比，帮助别人的愿望应该是发自内心的，故选B。
20．C考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为解决问题的最好办法是让学生自己选择。A. decision决定；B.
purpose目的；C. solution解决办法；D. result结果。上文介绍了支持者和反对者的观点，再结合空后的内
容可知此处是说解决问题的最好办法是让学生自己选择，故选C。
