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►第 03 讲 完型填空之说明文（讲义）
目录
一 复习目标 掌握目标及备考方向
二 考情分析 中考考情分析
1.中考英语完形填空解题技巧概览
2.语境联想的应用
说明类完型填
三 3.解题步骤和策略
空的考向
4.完形填空解题技巧的实践应用
5.提升必考题型归纳
四 真题感悟 中考经典考题
【复习目标】
1.了解中考英语说明类完形填空解题技巧概览
2.语境联想的应用
3.掌握解题步骤和策略
4.完形填空解题技巧的实践应用
【考情分析】
完型填空之说明文题型语篇特征
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说明文是一种以＂说明、解释＂为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事物的性状、
特点、功能和用途等作科学解说的。它既不像故事那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论
文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；更不像科幻作品那样富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是通
过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。说明类完型填空题是难点。
说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉
开考生分数档次，便于高校分层次选拔人才。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度
大。它旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文
填空的优点，既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用
法等，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。
完形填空的做题误区
很多同学说，他们做完形填空时，往往采用“翻译法和代入法”，即做题时翻译文章内容，感觉哪个
合适选哪个，看看划横线处有没有一些固定搭配，然后作选择或者填空。
其实这样做是很危险的：
① 在实际考试中，翻译很容易受母语影响，进行错误选择；
② 并不是所谓固定搭配一定是正确选项，完形填空是考查单词在语境中的运用。如果这个搭配或短
语是不符合语篇、段落逻辑的，即便是固定说法，也是不合适的，在阅卷的时候这样的答案一定是错误的。
一 中考英语说明类完形填空解题技巧概览
抓住文章的主题和说明的内容，准确把握说明的对象和特点。说明文主要是对事物或现象进行客观的分析
和阐述，使读者更加清楚地了解和认识该事物或现象的本质和特点。在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和说明的
内容及特点。
中考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人
情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述
方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。
1. 通读全文，了解大意
做题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是必不可少的一个步骤。通过短文所提供的信息，借助
语感及相关知识的推断，可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓。
完形填空题不同于单项填空题，单项填空题所给的是一个或两个句子，根据根据或前后句子就可以判定所
选的答案。而完形填空题所给的是一篇意思完整的短文，所选的答案设在整段或整篇之中。切勿为了省时
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而边看边填，否则，欲速则不达，许多地方看不下去，填空时或不解其意，或似懂非懂，举棋不定，这样
不仅错误率高，而且费时不少。
每篇短文总有一定的主题思想，段落之间必须能承上启下，前呼后应，句与句之间也一定紧密相联，形成
一个有机的整体。因此通读全文，时要一气呵成，不要中断思路，只要能了解短文的大意就可。其某些细
节不理解可以跳过，如果不影响答题，可以置之不理；如果与答题有关，可到第二步填空时再琢磨解决。
另外，在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头和结尾，因为它们往往能够提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所
描述的事件或中心议题。
2. 瞻前顾后，初选答案
在通读全文，了解大意的基础上，便可着手答题，初选习惯用法、固定搭配，并从上下文中找关键性启示，
前后对照，根据语感等选出比较容易的答案。有些题目设计很巧，由下文暗示上文，很有可能开头的空格
填入四个选项在语法上都成立，但正确选项要到文章末尾才能得到解答。反之亦然，文末的空格有可能在
上文找到相关或有关联的答案。
3. 每空细读，分析斟酌
逐句精读，逐题分析选项，有少数空格需多方面的推敲分析，如词义分析，语法结构分析，上下文推理分
析等，下面是从所给四个选项角度考虑的解题思路：
（1） 若考查冠词，则须依据短文空白后的单词的第一个因素，或所出现的后面名词的次序来确定 a, an
或the， 或用冠词的惯用法来确定。
（2） 若是介词或副词（如 up，out， off， away等）可先从固定搭配入手；若不属于固定搭配，则根
据句子结构及介（副）词的意义及用法进行仔细推敲选择。
（3） 若四个选项好似名词，则须从其所在的单复数形式、所有格形式等，根据文意进行名词辨析等。
（4） 如考查形容词或副词，则须从其所在句中的作用来确定什么词性，或者考查其比较级或最高级，
以及它前面的修饰语等。
（5） 如果考查动词，要么考查其同义词辨析，要么考查某些固定搭配，或时态、语态以及非谓语动词
形式等。
（6） 若选项是连接词，泽尔应根据句子结构和上下文的意思决定是选择连接代词还是连接副词。也可
以从连词的一些惯用法或固定搭配等入手。如，not… until, as….. as, not so… as, 或用because 不用
so，用but不用though等。
4. 复核全文，清除疏漏
所有的答案选出来以后，应再读全文，对所选的答案进行核实调整，经过第二步的逐句推敲之后，对短文
内容的理解更为深刻，最初选择时有些难解或误解的问题这时就很容易判断，从而也就能得到更好的解决，
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并清除疏漏。这一步费时不多却很有必要。
二 语境联想的应用
一、利用上下文的提示
（1）在完形填空中，有些空格的答案可能直接或间接地在上下文中给出。读者可以寻找与空格相连的句
子或段落，以找到可能的答案。
（2）上下文可能提供对某些单词或短语的理解，例如，如果一个单词或短语在句子中是已知的，那么读
者可以使用这个已知信息来理解其他相关的单词或短语的含义。
（3）上下文也可能提供对整个文章主题的理解，这可以帮助读者理解文章中的细节和要点。
二、用学过的知识和已有的生活经验，扫清部分词汇理解上的障碍
（1）读者可以利用自己的背景知识和生活经验来理解文章中的某些单词或短语。例如，如果文章谈论体
育，那么读者可以利用自己对体育的了解来理解文章中的一些专门术语。
（2）如果文章中出现一些新词汇或难以理解的短语，读者可以利用上下文以及文章的总体主题来猜测其
含义。
（3）读者还可以利用文章的语法和结构来理解某些词汇的含义。例如，上下文中的动词时态和形容词的
使用可以帮助读者理解某些名词的含义。
三 解题步骤和策略
通读全文，理解大意
抓住文章的首句，了解文章的主题和背景
快速浏览全文，了解文章的大意
注意关键词句和上下文的联系
逐句精读，填入适当选项
利用上下文提示，推测空格所需词汇
注意词汇的词性和词义
注意语境和逻辑关系
重读全文，验证答案是否合理
检查答案是否符合上下文和语境
检查答案是否符合语法规则和拼写规则
（2023·宁夏·统考中考真题）
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阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2023 is the Year of the Rabbit in China. But 1 would a year be named after a rabbit? Rabbits aren’t
very strong 2 , but they are symbols of beauty and cleverness in Chinese culture. They are also 3 as
the luckiest of all the Chinese zodiac（生肖）animals. If you were born in the Year of the Rabbit, you are thought
to be beautiful, clever and lucky.
The Chinese zodiac animals 4 more than just what kind of person you are. They also have a deep
connection with ancient Chinese culture. Other cultures around the world have their own 5 about rabbits.
Most of them think of rabbits as symbols of springtime and cleverness.
People do many things that relate to（与……相关）rabbits. For example, 6 the first day of a new
month, people in western countries will say, “rabbit, rabbit”. They believe saying it will bring 7 good luck.
8 , not every culture sees rabbits as symbols of good luck. American Indians 9 rabbits to be cheats（骗
子）.
For the most part, rabbits mean good luck, so don’t forget to say, “rabbit, rabbit” at the beginning of the next
10 month. It could mean 30 days of good luck!
1．A．when B．why C．where D．what
2．A．players B．actors C．guides D．animals
3．A．trained B．saved C．known D．printed
4．A．use B．welcome C．stop D．tell
5．A．ideas B．orders C．exams D．chances
6．A．with B．of C．to D．on
7．A．them B．her C．him D．me
8．A．Suddenly B．However C．Politely D．Luckily
9．A．consider B．help C．wish D．teach
10．A．famous B．strange C．new D．safe
（2023·甘肃甘南·统考中考真题）
A famous symbol in American culture is a cartoon animal—Mickey Mouse. Mickey first 11 in a
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cartoon in New York in 1928. Walt Disney was the father of Mickey. He made lots of cartoons with Mickey. Many
people around the world love the mouse with two large and round 12 . He was so popular because he was
like a common man, but he always tried to face any danger and solve the problems all by himself. In Disney’s early
films, Mickey was 13 , he lost his house and girlfriend, Minnie. 14 , he never gave up his
efforts and always won at last. Most people want to be like him. Now Mickey Mouse is still one of the most
popular 15 characters in the world.
11．A．ran out B．hung out C．came out
12．A．ears B．hands C．feet
13．A．rich B．happy C．unlucky
14．A．Also B．However C．So
15．A．cartoon B．play C．novel
（2023·青海西宁·统考中考真题）
Can you sing the song Lonely Warrior(孤勇者)? The song is very popular 16 many people. Almost
17 likes it. The writer of the lyrics is Tang Tian. She 18 ill at the age of twenty-nine. Her illness
was 19 serious that she might die soon. But to our 20 , she beat it. Then she wrote down 21
story and named it Lonely Warrior. This song is really 22 . We can get strength(力量) from it. It also
encourages people 23 problems bravely. Teachers use the song to guide their 24 . Doctors
25 their patients with it. It works very well.
Let’s sing and feel it together, “Who said that a hero is the one who stands in the light? …”
16．A．of B．from C．at D．with
17．A．no one B．everyone C．nobody D．someone
18．A．is B．are C．was D．were
19．A．so B．such C．so a D．such a
20．A．pity B．shame C．pain D．surprise
21．A．his B．her C．my D．your
22．A．careful B．harmful C．powerful D．awful
23．A．to solve B．solve C．solving D．to solving
24．A．workers B．actors C．farmers D．students
25．A．fix up B．cheer up C．turn up D．look up
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（2023·西藏·统考中考真题）
As one of the world’s favorite drinks, tea has become more and more popular. Chinese tea art with its custom
was included in intangible cultural heritage lists by UNESCO（联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录）in
2022.
China is the 26 of tea and tea has a long history. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was
27 first person to discover tea as a drink. When a leaf dropped into 28 , the taste of the water was
changed, and so tea was born. From that moment on, the Chinese began 29 the soul（灵魂）of this
special leaf.
It’s known that tea culture gradually 30 normal people’s life in the Tang Dynasty. The people in the
Tang Dynasty not only drank tea, 31 ate the tea leaves. That was why the process of tasting tea was
32 “tea eating”. However, the Song people preferred “whisking tea”（点茶）. In the Ming Dynasty, tasting
tea gradually went back 33 its true nature of “drinking tea”. Later, the tea culture of 34
country finally was blended（融入）into normal families.
Nowadays, making tea around a stove（炉子）is a special way of drinking tea. It 35 already
brought a wave of new lifestyle in China.
Tea culture is a kind of sublimation（升华）of tea. In the long river of historical culture, tea combines the
characters of the time
26．A．city B．town C．hometown D．countryside
27．A．/ B．a C．an D．the
28．A．coffee B．juice C．milk D．water
29．A．touch B．touched C．to touch D．touches
30．A．got into B．got on C．got off D．got up
31．A．so that B．but also C．although D．until
32．A．call B．calling C．to call D．called
33．A．to B．of C．on D．at
34．A．we B．us C．our D．ours
35．A．have B．has C．had D．having
（2023·湖北襄阳·统考中考真题）
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Some old Chinese inventions have won wide popularity around the world. Recently, a British woman used an
ancient Chinese invention to help her son 36 a math problem.
Dr. Mantri grew up in India. She was taught 37 to use an abacus(算盘) to solve math problems when
she was young. After noticing that her son Dhruv had great difficulty with math, she started using the same ancient
Chinese tool to help him after school.
“My son was in Grade 5 when I noticed he was 38 in math.” said Dr. Mantri, “I would ask him
something very easy like ‘35-13 =?’, but he couldn’t work it out.”
“I never thought I would teach him to use such an old tool 39 I realized I could try the Chinese abacus.
It is a useful 40 to help kids better understand numbers and basic calculations(计 算). Very soon I saw the
results. After six days, Dhruv started to make progress 41 with the help of the abacus. He even performed
with the abacus at a school meeting where some parents came to 42 advice on using it to help their kids.”
Known as the fifth invention of ancient China, Chinese abacus is also 43 as the earliest computer. It
helped people solve many math problems in ancient China. 44 you remember the rules, you can easily use
it. Sometimes, just move one bead(算珠), then 45 bead, and you will get the answer. What a magic tool!
So far, the Chinese abacus has been listed as an intangible cultural heritage of human beings(人类非物质文化
遗产)for 10 years ever since 2013.
36．A．deal with B．part with C．agree with D．compete with
37．A．what B．how C．where D．when
38．A．creative B．weak C．talented D．successful
39．A．after B．when C．until D．since
40．A．sign B．report C．method D．symbol
41．A．politely B．loudly C．bravely D．rapidly
42．A．care for B．leave for C．ask for D．pay for
43．A．cost B．caught C．covered D．considered
44．A．As long as B．As well as C．As good as D．As far as
45．A．other B．others C．the others D．another
（2023·四川雅安·统考中考真题）
China is the homeland of tea. Wild tea trees with over 3,000 years old can still be found in Southwest China.
Tea plants are usually 46 on the sides of mountains.
Nowadays, tea is more popular than any other 47 except water in China. You can find plenty of
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teahouses 48 , especially in the top tea culture cities.
In traditional Chinese culture, 49 tea to a guest is a sign of respect (尊重). A younger person can
show respect for an older person by serving a cup of tea. This is common during big celebrations, such as birthdays
or the Spring Festival.
Tea is believed to be a(n) 50 drink by Chinese people. In China, people believe that drinking tea
every day could reduce (减少) the risk of some diseases.
46．A．used B．grown C．cut D．carried
47．A．food B．drink C．fruit D．vegetable
48．A．easily B．difficultly C．quietly D．tiredly
49．A．picking B．producing C．drinking D．serving
50．A．interesting B．lucky C．healthy D．delicious
（2023·四川遂宁·中考真题）
Many of China’s most popular dishes come from Sichuan. If it’s the first time for you to visit Sichuan, don’t
have your hometown dishes. Try a hot pot dinner 51 . And if you go, be sure to bring your friends and
family—you get lots of food!
At a hot pot 52 in Sichuan, the waiter serves the food uncooked. You cook it yourself at the table. You
get a large pot of boiling soup, vegetables and meat or seafood. Add these foods to the 53 one by one.
When it’s finished, enjoy it with relish you like. It’s fun to eat at a hot pot restaurant. Just several months ago, the
first hot pot bus 54 in Chengdu. On the bus, you can eat hot pot, go around the city and learn about the
history of Sichuan hot pot. People like hot pot because it is delicious and it’s 55 to make. You can even
make it at home by yourself. Everybody is a cook!
51．A．again B．instead C．alone D．bravely
52．A．home B．supermarket C．restaurant D．hotel
53．A．bottle B．bowl C．plate D．pot
54．A．appeared B．happened C．broke D．stopped
55．A．easy B．popular C．necessary D．tasty
（2023·吉林·统考中考真题）
As an exchange student, Tony has studied in China for one year. He finds where students have lessons is
different 56 China and America.
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In China, most students stay in the same classroom to have different lessons. When the school bell rings,
students wait for their teachers 57 then start their lessons. Students put their school things in the 58
.
In America, however, things are quite different. For 59 subjects, students are supposed to go and
find the right classrooms. They have to 60 their classrooms. They put their things in the lockers (储物
柜) out of the classrooms.
Tony thinks these two patterns have their own advantages. He likes both of them.
56．A．outside B．behind C．between
57．A．and B．but C．or
58．A．playgrounds B．offices C．classrooms
59．A．easy B．different C．busy
60．A．break B．change C．lose
10
