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专题 06 阅读理解之说明文
（2023·重庆·统考中考真题）
Diagram(图表) or Survey Result
①AI (artificial intelligence人工智能) and machine learning refer to the ability of machines to learn and act
intelligently. It means they can make decisions, finish tasks, and even tell the possible future results based on what
they learn from data(数据).
②AI and machine learning already play a bigger role in everyday life than you might imagine. Health care,
banking, video games, every search on the Internet you make..., all are driven by AI.
③AI is going to change almost every field of modem life. Stephen Hawking said, “Success in creating AI
would be the biggest event in human history.” And Hawking added at once, “Unluckily, it might also be the last,
unless we learn how to avoid the risks.”
④ ▲ , especially when you consider some countries are racing to develop AI-enabled autonomous
weapons(人工智能自主武器). It is also going to change and take the place of many human jobs. The same
worries also come from the public. According to the survey result from Centre for the Governance of AI, 91% of
the people (tend to and totally) agree that “AI is a technology that requires careful management” in Europe.
⑤But rather than agreeing with an idea of a helpless future where all human jobs are given over to robots,
some people believe AI will make on working lives better. It will improve the work of humans, and new jobs will
appear to take the place of the old ones.
⑥What’s more, machines become more intelligent and they are able to finish more human tasks. Things
which only belong to humans lie creativity and critical(批判性的) thinking, will become even more valuable in
the future.
⑦Like it or not, AI is here. Maybe changing ourselves and managing it well are the best way out. Just as
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Benjamin Franklin once said, “When you’re finished changing, you’re finished.”
1．Which paragraph does the diagram mainly support?
A．② B．③ C．④ D．⑤
2．Which sentence can be put in the ▲ ?
A．As we know, there are possible huge risks for society and human life
B．Also, you can find AI serving our daily life in every possible field
C．Without doubt, AI is a fantastic technology to lead us into the future
D．Humans ate surely more creative and better at many things than AI
3．What’s the purpose of writing the passage?
A．To warn us that AI will take humans’ place.
B．To show us that there are a lot of uses of AI.
C．To tell us that many people are worried about AI.
D．To suggest we prepare for the changes brought by AI.
4．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage?
A． B． C． D．
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了人工智能在生活中的用处以及人们的担心，建议为人工智能带来的变化做好准
备。
1．推理判断题。根据第四段“According to the survey result from Centre for the Governance of AI, 91% of
the people (tend to and totally) agree that ‘AI is a technology that requires careful management’ in Europe.”可知
根据人工智能治理中心的调查结果，91%的人（倾向于并且完全）同意欧洲“人工智能是一种需要谨慎管
理的技术”，故图表支持第四段的内容。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据“especially when you consider some countries are racing to develop AI-enabled
autonomous weapons”以及“The same worries also come from the public”可知当你考虑到一些国家正在竞相
开发人工智能自主武器时，人类可能会面临危险，选项A“正如我们所知，社会和人类生活可能面临巨大
风险”放于此处。故选A。
3．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了人工智能在生活中的用处以及人们的担心，建议为人工
智能带来的变化做好准备。故选D。
4．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出了人工智能的话题；第二段介绍了人工智能在生活中的运用；
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第三段和第四段表明人工智能是一种需要谨慎管理的技术；第五段和第六段介绍了一些人支持人工智能
的原因；第七段进行总结。故选项D符合文章的结构。故选D。
（2023·浙江丽水·统考中考真题）Seagrass, an underwater plant that grows on the ocean floor, is very
important for sea life. It also helps prevent global warming by storing carbon, a harmful gas. However, scientists
don’t know exactly how much seagrass is at the bottom of the ocean. With the help of tiger sharks, a team of
researchers has discovered the world’s largest seagrass meadow（grassland）on the seafloor near the Bahamas.
Seagrass meadows are home to many different kinds of fish, shellfish, and so on. Large sea animals, such as
sharks, also spend a lot of time there looking for food. Seagrass can grow in very deep and dark waters, making it
difficult to find. But sharks can dive deep into the water and get to the areas people cannot reach.
After noticing tiger sharks swimming through seagrass off the Bahamas, an American scientist worked with a
seagrass expert, trying to map the locations of the plants. The researchers fitted seven tiger sharks with cameras.
Since tiger sharks swim in groups, they placed satellite tracking tags（卫星跟踪器）on eight other sharks to find
out exactly where the animals swam. They collected hours of videos of the tiger sharks swimming through
seagrass.
The researchers found more seagrass growing near the Bahamas than they expected—in fact, they believe
that there is more seagrass there than anywhere else on Earth. The new finding increased the total number of
seagrass known to exist by 41%. However, more research is needed to discover the true size of the seagrass
meadow.
Scientists often depend on findings from divers and boats to study about the underwater world, but this team
found that working with animals improved their understanding. They are now placing cameras on sea turtles to
study seagrass in the Red Sea. Hopefully, more mysteries about seagrass will be solved.
5．What are the scientists studying according to the passage?
A．Sharks. B．The Bahamas. C．Seagrass. D．The Red Sea.
6．Which italic（斜体）word has the same meaning as the underlined word “map” in Paragraph 3?
A．Is there a map of China in the classroom?
B．Amy mapped out her plans on the new project.
C．It is the West lake that really puts Hangzhou on the map.
D．The police have successfully mapped where the missing boy is.
7．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．The reason for the study. B．The method to do the research.
C．The finding of the research. D．The difficulty in carrying out the study.
8．Why does the writer write the passage?
A．To tell the importance of saving seagrass.
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B．To express the strong love for tiger sharks.
C．To share a new way of doing undersea research.
D．To introduce a special project on global warming.
【答案】5．C 6．D 7．C 8．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了海草的重要性以及科学家如何利用虎鲨进行海底研究，以及他们在巴哈马发现
的世界最大的海草草地，这种创新的研究方法有利于增加人类对海底世界的了解。
5．细节理解题。根据“With the help of tiger sharks, a team of researchers has discovered the world’s largest
seagrass meadow（grassland）on the seafloor near the Bahamas.”可知科学家在研究海草。故选C。
6．词义猜测题。根据“After noticing tiger sharks swimming through seagrass off the Bahamas, an American
scientist worked with a seagrass expert, trying to map the locations of the plants”可知在注意到虎鲨在巴哈马群
岛附近的海草中游动后，一位美国科学家与一位海草专家合作，试图绘制这些植物的位置图，故此处
mapped意为“绘制……的位置”；分析四个选择可知，选项D“警方已成功绘制出失踪男孩的位置”中的
mapped也以为“绘制……的位置”。故选D。
7．段落大意题。根据“The researchers found...”以及本段内容可知本段主要介绍了研究的发现。故选C。
8．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了海草的重要性以及科学家如何利用虎鲨进行海底研究，以及他们在巴哈
马发现的世界最大的海草草地，这种创新的研究方法有利于增加人类对海底世界的了解，故作者写本文
的意图是分享这种新的海底研究方式。故选C。
（2023·湖北随州·统考中考真题）
You are always told to wash your hands before you eat. You know you must wash your hands after going to
the bathroom. You should wash your hands many times during the day. Do you know how to wash your hands
correctly?
Always use soap to wash your hands. After turning on the tap (水龙头) and wetting your hands, you can
rub (摩擦) your hands with soap. Soap may not kill all the germs (细菌), but it can wash away the oil on your
skin. As the oil is washed away, the germs will leave your hands and go away.
You should wash your hands for 15-20 seconds. How do you know the length (长度) of 15-20 seconds?
You can sing ABC Song. By the time you get to the last note, your hands will be clean!
Rub your hands together. You can use one hand to rub the back of the other hand and then exchange two
hands. You also need to rub between your fingers. Don’t forget to rub under and around your fingernails.
Maybe your hands don’t look dirty, but there are germs on them. Germs are too small for you to see. They are
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on your hands all the time. Many illnesses are caused by germs, so you should often wash your hands.
9．Why does the writer mention ABC Song?
A．Because it is the most popular song in the world.
B．Because everyone can sing this song very well.
C．Because washing hands is as easy as singing ABC Song.
D．Because you can sing this song to know the length of washing hands.
10．The underlined word “note” in Paragraph 3 means “________” in Chinese.
A．音符 B．注释 C．笔记 D．便条
11．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．Using soap to wash your hands.
B．Using a clean towel (毛巾) to dry your hands.
C．Washing your hands for about 20 seconds.
D．Rubbing under and around your fingernails.
12．According to the passage, you can know ________.
A．why you should often wash hands
B．what the best soap people usually use is
C．what kind of germs there are on your hands
D．how many germs there are on your hands
13．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．How to stay healthy. B．How to protect your fingers.
C．How to wash hands correctly. D．How to keep away from germs.
【答案】9．D 10．A 11．B 12．A 13．C
【导语】本文主要是介绍如何正确洗手。
9．推理判断题。根据“How do you know the length (长度) of 15-20 seconds? You can sing ABC Song.”可知
可以通过唱歌知道洗手的时间，故选D。
10．词句猜测题。根据“You can sing ABC Song. By the time you get to the last note, your hands will be
clean!”可知，唱到最后一个音符，手就洗好了，可推测“note”意为“音符”，故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据“Always use soap to wash your hands.”，“You should wash your hands for 15-20
seconds.”和“Rub your hands together.”可知，并没有提到用干净的毛巾擦干手，故选B。
12．推理判断题。根据“Many illnesses are caused by germs, so you should often wash your hands.”可知，细
菌可以导致很多疾病，所以要勤洗手，说明我们可以知道为什么要经常洗手，故选A。
13．主旨大意题。根据“Do you know how to wash your hands correctly?”以及下文介绍的洗手方法可知，
本文主要是介绍如何正确洗手，故选C。
（2023·河北·统考中考真题）Do you do team projects at school? I do a lot. I enjoy team projects because I
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like sharing ideas with other people. Of course, team activities aren’t always easy. You need to know how to work
well together. Here are some suggestions to make team work easier.
Know the goals
Make sure everyone understands the goal of the project. If you’re doing a class project, you need to check the
teacher’s instructions carefully and ask questions whenever something isn’t clear. There’s a popular saying: If you
don’t know where you’re going, you probably won’t get there.
Assign (指派) roles
Everyone should have a role in the team. For example, there should be a leader who helps everyone make
decisions. There might be a note-taker who writes down the team’s ideas during meetings, and a time-keeper to
control the time. There might also be a fact-checker or a group speaker.
Divide the work
For large projects, the work can be divided into smaller tasks. Then you can choose tasks that you do well or
enjoy. Of course, you shouldn’t always do the same task. It’s good to try new things, even if they’re difficult!
Make a plan
After you divide the work, write down a plan on paper. You can use a calendar to help you. List all the tasks
and think about when each one must be finished. It’s important for everyone to follow the plan. And if you can’t
finish your part on time, tell the others as soon as possible.
Try to be positive (积极的). Everything is easier when you’re enjoying yourself in the team.
14．How does the writer begin the text?
A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question.
C．By showing a saying. D．By sending a message.
15．What is the leader’s main job in the team?
A．Controlling the activity time. B．Writing down the team’s ideas.
C．Making speeches for the team. D．Helping the others make decisions.
16．What should you do after dividing the work?
A．Set a clear goal. B．Work out a plan.
C．Decide everyone’s role. D．Check the teacher’s examples.
17．What is the writer trying to do in the text?
A．Introduce the teacher’s instructions. B．Give information about smaller tasks.
C．Explain the method to do team projects. D．Describe the importance of creative ideas.
【答案】14．B 15．D 16．B 17．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了一些让团队工作更容易的建议。
14．细节理解题。根据“Do you do team projects at school”可知作者以一个问题开始本文。故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据“there should be a leader who helps everyone make decisions.”可知领导者帮助每个人
做决定。故选D。
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16．细节理解题。根据“After you divide the work, write down a plan on paper.”可知分工后，在纸上写一个
计划。故选B。
17．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一些让团队工作更容易的建议。故选C。
（2023·山东泰安·统考中考真题）
The movie Home Coming took the lead in the box office(票房) during the National Day holiday in 2022.
It tells a story that happened in North Africa. After a war breaks out there, two Chinese diplomats(外交官)
are ordered to help evacuate the overseas Chinese. After completing the first task successfully, they learn that
another group of Chinese citizens(公民) are still in great danger. Realizing that these people will die if they don’t
give a hand, the two men travel through the war area. They risk their lives to help over 100 Chinese citizens go to
a safe place. The movie not only shows how the two diplomats protect the people with courage, but also shows
their deep love for the country and people.
Home Coming reminds many people of a similar real event which truly happened in Libya in 2011. Chinese
Embassy(大使馆) helped the evacuation of more than 30,000 Chinese citizens. Behind this event were many
efforts of Chinese diplomats. After watching the film, a man recalled his personal experience. “We are the lucky
ones because we have a strong country and are well protected,” he said.
Home Coming is a success partly because of the growing national pride and confidence Chinese people have
in our country. A comment(评论) reads, “Chinese passport might not get you anywhere you want, but it can
always bring you back home.”
18．The movie Home Coming is about a story that happened in ________.
A．North America B．South America C．South Africa D．North Africa
19．What does the underlined word “evacuate” mean in the second paragraph?
A．躲藏 B．逃避 C．撤离 D．评价
20．How many Chinese citizens were evacuated in the real event in 2011?
A．Over one hundred. B．Over thirty thousand.
C．Over three million. D．Over three thousand.
21．According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT right?
A．The two diplomats protect the people with courage.
B．The two diplomats love the country and people deeply.
C．We Chinese have a strong country and are well protected.
D．Chinese passport can get you anywhere you want.
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【答案】18．D 19．C 20．B 21．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了电影《万里归途》以及这部电影成功的部分原因是中国人民对我们国家日益增
长的民族自豪感和信心。
18．细节理解题。根据“It tells a story that happened in North Africa.”可知电影《万里归途》讲述的是发生
在北非的一个故事。故选D。
19．词义猜测题。根据“After a war breaks out there,”可知当地发生了战争，结合“two Chinese
diplomats(外交官) are ordered to help evacuate the overseas Chinese.”可知外交官应该要开始协助撤侨，故选
C。
20．细节理解题。根据“Chinese Embassy(大使馆) helped the evacuation of more than 30,000 Chinese
citizens.”可知在2011年的真实事件中，有三万多的中国公民被撤离。故选B。
21．细节理解题。根据“Chinese passport might not get you anywhere you want, but it can always bring you
back home”可知中国护照可能不能带你去任何你想去的地方，但它总能带你回家，D选项表述错误，故选
D。
（2023·湖北武汉·统考中考真题）Bert won a national prize called Young Heroes for his “green” project.
This public-spirited young person was now a university student. His love for insects grew deeper and he was
protecting them for the future.
_________. When he was around 4 or 5, he always loved to watch different insects, especially beautiful
swallowtails(凤蝶). One interesting fact he learned about swallowtails was that their bright colors warned hungry
animals that they tasted bad. And it was also fun to watch how they came into being. But the reason he really fell
in love with them was that they were very accessible. For example, if you wanted to attract (吸引) swallowtails,
you planted some zinnias, a kind of bright flowers.
Bert started a zinnia garden at his house, where he raised a large number of swallowtails over the years. With
the world’s swallowtail population falling, Bert wanted people to realize that if insects like swallowtails
disappeared, so would all the others above them on the food chain. To make the fact clear and easy to understand
for other students, he also created a zinnia garden at his junior high school.
Part of the joy for Bert was watching the younger students get excited when running after swallowtails.
“Whenever a swallowtail lands on them, the young students will soon fall in love with these cute insects. They
develop a new appreciation for them,” he said.
Bert put his efforts into the environmental educational project and made it take flight.
22．After Bert was honored with Young Heroes, _________.
A．he often gave speeches in public
B．he set up his “green” project
C．he became interested in swallowtails
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D．he went on protecting insects
23．Which of the following can be put in _________?
A．Bert saved many swallowtails
B．Bert had a dull childhood
C．Bert found his love early in life
D．Bert made a hard decision
24．The underlined word “accessible” in paragraph 2 means “_________”.
A．dangerous to feed B．easy to get close to
C．hard to raise D．safe to reach
25．The main reason for Bert to create a zinnia garden at school was _________.
A．to watch students have fun
B．to make his school more beautiful
C．to stop swallowtails from disappearing
D．to help kids learn about swallowtails
26．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．A Bright Flower B．A Flying Project C．A Green Garden D．A Warning Action
【答案】22．D 23．C 24．B 25．D 26．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了因为“绿色”项目而获得“青年英雄”奖项的男孩Bert热爱昆虫并保护它们的
故事。
22．细节理解题。根据“Bert won a national prize called Young Heroes for his ‘green’ project…His love for
insects grew deeper and he was protecting them for the future”可知，获奖之后继续保护昆虫，故选D。
23．推理判断题。根据“When he was around 4 or 5, he always loved to watch different insects”可知，此处应
介绍他从什么时候开始喜欢观察昆虫，C选项符合，故选C。
24．词义猜测题。根据“But the reason he really fell in love with them was that they were very accessible”及
“For example, if you wanted to attract (吸引) swallowtails, you planted some zinnias, a kind of bright flowers”
可知，如果你想吸引凤蝶，你就种一些百日菊，也就是凤蝶很容易接近，所以划线单词与easy to get close
to同义，故选B。
25．细节理解题。根据“To make the fact clear and easy to understand for other students, he also created a
zinnia garden at his junior high school”可知，是为了帮助孩子了解凤蝶，故选D。
26．最佳标题题。根据“Bert put his efforts into the environmental educational project and made it take flight.”
及全文介绍可知，本文主要讲述了Bert热爱昆虫并保护它们的故事，所以B选项“A Flying Project”符合
本文标题，故选B。
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（2023·湖南永州·统考中考真题）
On June 3, the United States Fish & Wildlife Service（USFWS）announced that it would protect the
tricolored bats. The animal would be listed under the Endangered Species Act. This follows a similar
announcement, made in March, to protect the endangered northern long-eared bats. The two kinds of bats are in
danger, mainly because of an illness called white-nose syndrome（综合症）.
“Bats play such an important role in keeping a healthy ecosystem.” USFWS director Martha Williams said.
“But white-nose syndrome is destroying bats.” she added.
White-nose syndrome is caused by a fungus（真菌）. It is known to influence only bats, showing up on the
animal’s nose and wings. The fungus grows in places that are cold, dark, and wet, like caves. As it hurts a bat’s
skin, the animal’s behavior starts to change. The bat becomes more active than normal, wasting the energy it needs
to live.
Worldwide, there are more than 1, 400 kinds of bats. Most bats are insectivores, which means they eat
insects. In a single night, bats can eat insects of “up to half their weight.” This is good news for farmers, since bats
eat insects that harm crops. According to the USFWS, the animals help U.S. farmers save more than $3 billion a
year in insect control.
Nowadays there is no treatment for white-nose syndrome. But scientists are developing ways to help bats. A
2018 study found that a special light can kill the fungus. Researchers are also testing a fungus-fighting thing that
can be placed around areas where bats live. And they’re working on a vaccine（疫苗）. Local villagers also
provide suggestions. One example: set bat boxes. The USFWS says it will announce a decision about how to list
the tricolored bats by late 2023. A decision about the northern long-eared bats is expected next month.
27．Why are the tricolored bats and the long-eared bats in danger?
A．Because of a special illness.
B．Because of their food.
C．Because of their living conditions.
28．How does the fungus kill a bat at last?
A．By changing a bat’s behavior.
B．By hurting a bat’s skin.
C．By wasting the energy a bat needs to live.
29．Why are bats helpful to farmers in the USA?
A．Because bats eat insects that harm crops.
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B．Because there are more than 1, 400 kinds of bats.
C．Because bats cost them more than $3 billion each year.
30．What are the researchers doing to fight against the white-nose syndrome?
A．They are testing a special light.
B．They are working on a vaccine.
C．They are setting bat boxes.
31．What is the article mainly about?
A．A white-nose syndrome. B．Kinds of bats. C．Bats in danger.
【答案】27．A 28．C 29．A 30．B 31．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了长耳蝙蝠和三色蝙蝠被列为濒危动物名单，且说明了蝙蝠在保持生态系统健康
方面发挥的重要作用。
27．细节理解题。根据“The two kinds of bats are in danger, mainly because of an illness called white-nose
syndrome.”可知是因为一种名为白鼻综合征的疾病，所以三色蝙蝠和长耳蝙蝠处于危险中。故选A。
28．细节理解题。根据“As it hurts a bat’s skin, the animal’s behavior starts to change. The bat becomes more
active than normal, wasting the energy it needs to live.”可知真菌是通过伤害蝙蝠的皮肤，让蝙蝠变得比平时
更活跃，浪费了它生存所需的能量。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据“In a single night, bats can eat insects of ‘up to half their weight.’ This is good news for
farmers, since bats eat insects that harm crops.”可知因为蝙蝠可以吃危害庄稼的昆虫。故选A。
30．细节理解题。根据“And they’re working on a vaccine.”可知研究人员正在研制疫苗来对抗白鼻综合症。
故选B。
31．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了长耳蝙蝠和三色蝙蝠被列为濒危动物名单，且说明了蝙蝠在保持生态
系统健康方面发挥的重要作用。故选C。
（2023·山东滨州·统考中考真题）Do you often ask questions? Children are known for wanting answers to
many questions because curiosity (好奇心) is part of human nature. Books and TV shows often depend on
curiosity. People keep reading or watching because they want to find out what happens.
As we all know, curiosity provides many advantages. Many of history’s greatest discoveries were made by
curious people. People wondered how things worked and how work could be done more quickly. Thanks to their
curiosity, people now know far more about the world and have useful technology to help them. Even if you don’t
plan to be an inventor or researcher, curiosity can still help you in the classroom. If you develop the curiosity of
learning, classes will become more interesting. You will be good at them because you enjoy the process of
learning. Even if you’re no longer a student, curiosity will make you an able worker.
What will you do if you’re not already curious? Luckily, curiosity is a skill that can be improved. Often, the
more you learn about a topic, the more interesting it becomes. To improve your curiosity, get information from as
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many sources (来源) as possible when you learn about a topic. At the same time, read all kinds of books, watch or
listen to speeches and ask questions. Don’t always get information in the same way. Instead, learn to understand
the facts that different people know.
Don’t assume you already know everything. Instead, search for other possibilities and opinions. Remember,
everyone knows something that you don’t know. Find out what it is, and ask about it. This lets you learn
something and makes the other people happy by sharing their knowledge. Let’s try to become people who are full
of curiosity.
32．Children like to ask questions because ________.
A．they are born with natural curiosity
B．they don’t know about the human nature
C．they are known for reading and watching
D．they don’t want to find the answers by themselves
33．What can curiosity help you in the classroom?
A．It can make you cleverer than before.
B．It can make the classes easier for you.
C．It can help you enjoy the process of learning.
D．It can help you feel relaxed in the classroom.
34．Which can be helpful to improve your curiosity?
A．Reading only one kind of book.
B．Showing others your knowledge.
C．Getting information in the same way.
D．Getting information from as many sources as you can.
35．What does the underlined word “assume” mean?
A．Worry. B．Think. C．Wonder. D．Forget.
36．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Try to Be Curious B．Make Others Happy
C．Learn to Ask Questions D．Great Discoveries Made by Curious People
【答案】32．A 33．C 34．D 35．B 36．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了好奇心是人类天性的一部分，好奇心有很多优点，并介绍了如何培养好奇心。
32．细节理解题。根据“Children are known for wanting answers to many questions because curiosity (好奇
心) is part of human nature”可知孩子喜欢问问题，因为好奇心是人类天性的一部分。故选A。
33．细节理解题。根据“You will be good at them because you enjoy the process of learning.”可知好奇心会帮
助你喜欢学习的过程。故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据“To improve your curiosity, get information from as many sources (来源) as possible
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when you learn about a topic”可知为了提高你的好奇心，当你了解一个话题时，从尽可能多的来源获取信
息。故选D。
35．词义猜测题。根据“Don’t assume you already know everything. Instead, search for other possibilities and
opinions”可知不要认为你什么都知道，相反，寻找其他可能性和看法，故此处划线部分意为“认为”，和
think意义相近。故选B。
36．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了好奇心是人类天性的一部分，好奇心有很多优点，并介绍了如何培养
好奇心，故本文以“尽力保持好奇心”为标题最合适。故选A。
（2023·江苏苏州·统考中考真题）
Confucianism (儒家思想) has been followed by Chinese people for more than two thousand years.
To help people understand how to behave towards others, Confucianism teaches the Five Constants (五常).
These are ren, yi, li, zhi and xin. They are general virtues (美德) around the world. The most important two are
ren and li.
Ren is the feeling of care and love we should have for others. Confucius explained ren could best be
understood as loving others. He is famous for teaching people “What you do not want done to yourself, do not do
to others”. It is quite similar to what is known in the West as the Golden Rule (treat others as you wish to be
treated).
While the meaning of ren is easy to understand, li is a little harder to express. It can be thought of as duty
or even respect. Generally, li is the way we should connect with people in our everyday life. In Confucian
writings, discussions about li include the proper way to drink tea and how to remember ancestors (祖先). While
ren is mostly about our opinions and feelings, li is about how we express our opinions and feelings towards
others and towards the world around us.
Perhaps the most well-known Confucian virtue is xiao. This is the duty children have to their parents. Xiao
means loving, respecting, obeying and taking care of one’s parents in their old age. In Confucianism, xiao is
important for a harmonious (和谐的) society: Without it, the whole world would fall into a mess.
37．Which are the most important of the Five Constants?
A．Ren and yi. B．Ren and li. C．Li and xin. D．Yi and zhi.
38．What is the best Chinese for the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3?
A．博学于文，约之以礼。 B．学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。
C．己所不欲，勿施于人。 D．君子和而不同，小人同而不和。
39．Which of the following is an example of li?
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A．Building a peaceful society. B．Taking care of one’s children.
C．Obeying rules for drinking tea. D．Learning all through one’s life.
40．What does the passage mainly tell us about Confucianism?
A．Its general virtues. B．Its long history.
C．Its new challenges. D．Its golden rules.
【答案】37．B 38．C 39．C 40．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了儒家思想中的传统美德。
37．细节理解题。根据“The most important two are ren and li.”可知最重要的是仁和礼。故选B。
38．词句猜测题。根据“It is quite similar to what is known in the West as the Golden Rule (treat others as you
wish to be treated)”可知，划线句子“What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others”和“按照你
希望被对待的方式对待他人”意义相近，即己所不欲勿施于人。故选C。
39．细节理解题。根据“ discussions about li include the proper way to drink tea and how to remember
ancestors ”可知关于礼的讨论包括正确的喝茶方式和如何缅怀祖先。故选C。
40．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了儒家思想的传统美德。故选A。
（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）What would happen if you tried to blow a soap (肥皂) bubble in below-
freezing weather? Would it freeze and fall to the ground? Would you have to hit it with a stone to break it? These
questions came into my mind one cold winter day. It was too cold to play in the snow, but it was a perfect time to
experiment with blowing frozen bubbles.
To blow frozen bubbles, I had to wait until the air outside was very cold. For this activity, that meant 10
degrees below 0 Fahrenheit or colder. I didn’t have the bubble things that come in a bottle, so I used dish-washing
soap. Adding a drop of glycerin made the soap work even better. I chose a place out of the wind, and blew bubbles
the same way I always do. I watched to see what would happen. Here’s what I learned.
If the temperature is low enough, the skin of the bubble frosts (结霜) over, becoming cloudy instead of clear.
And what about those rainbow swirls (漩涡状物体) that you see in soap bubbles? The rainbow colors stay even
(均匀的) when the bubbles frost, but they don’t spin anymore. The bubbles still float in the air. They don’t fall to
the ground any faster than they would on a warm summer day.
When these frozen bubbles break, they don’t turn into tiny drops of soap as summer bubbles do. They turn
into shiny rainbow pieces and fly slowly to the ground. Sometimes a frozen bubble will roll across the snow
without breaking. If it breaks, it may leave a strong bubble skin on the ground. Leave the bubble alone and it may
stay there for a long time.
Sometimes I could catch a bubble and hold it until the heat of my hand made it pop.
I learned one other thing about blowing frozen bubbles. It’s so much fun. I want to try it again next year!
41．How does the writer begin the passage?
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A．By comparing two types of bubbles.
B．By describing the freezing cold weather.
C．By asking some questions about the subject.
D．By presenting the tools needed to do the experiment.
42．What is this passage mainly about?
A．Making soap that can work even better.
B．Making bubbles that will stay longer.
C．Inventing a new kind of soap that makes clearer bubbles.
D．Finding out what happens to bubbles in freezing temperatures.
43．According to the passage, what will happen if you blow frozen soap bubbles?
A．Cold enough, the skin of the bubbles will stay clear.
B．When the bubbles frost, the rainbow colors will spin faster.
C．A frozen bubble may roll across the snow without breaking.
D．When these frozen bubbles break, they turn into tiny drops of soap.
44．What is the best title for the passage?
A．A science club B．Broken bubbles
C．A happy child D．Frozen bubbles
【答案】41．C 42．D 43．C 44．D
【导语】本文主要介绍作者为了查明在低于冰点的天气里吹肥皂泡会发生什么而做了一个实验。
41．细节理解题。根据“What would happen if you tried to blow a soap (肥皂) bubble in below-freezing
weather...”可知作者通过几个问题引出文章的话题。故选C。
42．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了作者为了查明在低于冰点的天气里吹肥皂泡会发生什么，作者做了一
个实验。故选D。
43．细节理解题。根据“Sometimes a frozen bubble will roll across the snow without breaking”可知冰冻的气
泡会在雪地上滚动而不破裂。故选C。
44．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了作者为了查明在低于冰点的天气里吹肥皂泡会发生什么，作者做了一
个实验，故文章以“冻结的气泡”为标题最合适。故选D。
（2023·浙江杭州·统考中考真题）We all enjoy being part of a group—there’s no better work than
teamwork, right? Actually, I disagree. Teamwork can be hard. In fact, it was so difficult that I left my office job
and started working from home on my own. It’s a much better fit for me, and it has made me think about why
teamwork can make our jobs harder rather than easier.
Personalities (个性) can make teamwork difficult. There’s often someone on the team that puts their needs
first. The team often goes along with this person, whose ideas might not be the best, just the loudest. Just one
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difficult personality can make teamwork hard. Combine (结合) several challenging personality types, and it’s
even harder.
Not having enough time together can also make teamwork challenging. For example, I was once on a team
where we never had enough time to meet as a group. To successfully work as a team, you need time together—
and lots of it.
A final reason teamwork is difficult is because there’s often no training on how to work on a team. You can’t
just put people in a room and expect them to work well with each other. You need to build trust with your team
members. Think of football players: They aren’t just given a ball and told to play. They practice, and they train.
Team can be hard, but working alone has its challenges, too. When my computer doesn’t work, I don’t have
an IT person to turn to. When I have a great idea, I don’t have anyone to share it with to see if it really is a great
idea. Don’t get me wrong—I still like my team of one and enjoy making all of the important decisions myself. But
now I realize what was wrong with the teamwork I did in the past and how good teamwork could be if done
correctly. And that’s useful information—because one day I might want to turn my ME TEAM into a WE TEAM.
45．Why did the writer choose to work from home on his own?
A．To keep himself busier. B．To keep himself healthier.
C．To make his job easier. D．To make his team harder.
46．Which of the following makes teamwork difficult?
A．Strong personality. B．Lots of teamwork time.C．Challenging ideas. D．Clear team roles.
47．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．WE TEAM has hardly any advantages. B．ME TEAM needs a lot of IT engineers.
C．ME TEAM has no challenges for the writer. D．WE TEAM may be the writer’s choice one day.
48．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To show the advantages of teamwork. B．To tell the importance of teamwork.
C．To introduce the influence of teamwork. D．To explain the difficulties of teamwork.
【答案】45．C 46．A 47．D 48．D
【导语】本文主要解释了团队合作让工作变得困难的原因。
45．细节理解题。根据“Teamwork can be hard. In fact, it was so difficult that I left my office job and started
working from home on my own.”可知，作者选择自己在家工作是因为团队合作太难了，他想让工作更简单。
故选C。
46．细节理解题。根据“Personalities (个性) can make teamwork difficult.”可知，成员的个性会使团队合作
变得困难。故选A。
47．细节理解题。根据“because one day I might want to turn my ME TEAM into a WE TEAM.”可知，“大
家的团队”也许有一天会成为作者的选择。故选D。
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48．主旨大意题。根据主旨句“Teamwork can be hard… and it has made me think about why teamwork can
make our jobs harder rather than easier.”可知，本文的目的是为了解释团队合作让工作变得困难的原因。故
选D。
（2022·广东深圳·统考中考真题）The giant Amazon rainforest in South America has been a mystery for
centuries. It holds all kinds of natural wonders. Among them in Colombia, a river stands out as “the most beautiful
river” in the world.
Locally called Camio Cristales, this special river lies in a national park. It is made up of several waterfalls
rapids, and plenty of pools. For most of the year, Canio Cristales looks like a common river: clean, green, and
rocky. However, during the short period between September and November, the river explodes（迸发）with life
and color. It appears as any mix of colors including blue, green, yellow, orange, and a purplish red. So it is also
known as the “River of Five Colors”.
Although at first it may appear as if some chemicals were added to the water, this rainbow river is completely
natural. Cafio Cristales’ colors are the result of a rare（稀有） water plant which needs sunlight to grow. The
plants change color depending on how much sunlight they receive, and the amount is decided by the height and
speed of the water. Therefore, it is possible for the plants to be totally colorless if the sunlight is too hard to get.
They are a delicate plant. This makes them easily damaged in the water.
Actually, the river faces some problems, including drier seasons, wildlife trouble, waste management, and
budget （预算）cuts. In 2007, the park was forced to close because it was over-crowded with tourists. Now the
park admits only 200 people a day and requires them to mind their behaviour.
Today, Cano Cristales still shines among Colombia’s most popular natural attractions, drawing thousands of
tourists every year.
49．When is the best time to visit Cafio Cristales?
A．In January. B．In March. C．In June. D．In October.
50．Why is Cano Cristales colourful?
A．A special plant lives in it. B．People add chemicals to it.
C．The water is badly polluted. D．The weather is changeable there.
51．What does the underlined word “delicate” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Special. B．Weak. C．Lively. D．Beautiful.
52．What once caused the park to be closed?
A．Too many visitors. B．The poor service. C．Too much rubbish. D．The wildlife problem.
53．What is the best title of the text?
A．How to Visit Cano Cristales
B．Natural Beauty in Colombia
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C．World’s Most Beautiful River
D．Protecting the River of Five Colors
【答案】49．D 50．A 51．B 52．A 53．C
【导语】本文主要科普了关于世界上“最美丽的河流”的知识。
49．细节理解题。根据“However, during the short period between September and November, the river
explodes（迸发）with life and color. It appears as any mix of colors including blue, green, yellow, orange, and a
purplish red.”可知参观Cafio Cristales的最佳时间是在九月和十一月之间，故选D。
50．细节理解题。根据“Cafio Cristales’ colors are the result of a rare（稀有） water plant which needs
sunlight to grow.”可知是因为一种特殊的植物生活在里面。故选A。
51．词义猜测题。根据“This makes them easily damaged in the water.”可知这种植物很容易在水中损坏，所
以它很脆弱，故选B。
52．细节理解题。根据“In 2007, the park was forced to close because it was over-crowded with tourists.”可知
2007年，由于游客过于拥挤，公园被迫关闭。故选A。
53．最佳标题题。根据“Among them in Colombia, a river stands out as “the most beautiful river” in the
world.”可知本文主要科普了关于世界上“最美丽的河流”的知识，故选C。
（2022·甘肃甘南·统考中考真题）
Bing Dwen Dwen Shuey Rhon Rhon
Hello, my friends! Nice to meet you! My name is Bing Dwen Dwen. I’m the mascot(吉祥物) of the 2022
Beijing Winter Olympic Games. I’m a black and white panda. I have big eyes, a small nose and a small mouth.
My arms and legs are short. What is it on my left hand? Haha, it is a heart pattern(心形图案) to welcome friends
all over the world to come to China.
Who is that? It is my good friend, Shuey Rhon Rhon. It is the mascot of the Paralympic Winter Games(冬残
奥会). It looks like a red lantern. It has two small eyes. Its arms and legs are short, too. We are very cute.
54．Shuey Rhon Rhon is the mascot of ________.
A．the 2022 Winter Olympic Games
B．the 2022 Paralympic Winter Games
C．the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Olympic Games
55．What does Bing Dwen Dwen look like?
A．A panda. B．A mascot. C．A red lantern.
56．What color is Shuey Rhon Rhon?
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A．Green. B．Black and white. C．Red.
57．Where is the heart pattern?
A．It is on Bing Dwen Dwen’s left hand.
B．It is on Bing Dwen Dwen’s right hand.
C．It is on Bing Dwen Dwen’s back.
58．What means to welcome friends all over the world to come to China?
A．Bing Dwen Dwen. B．The heart pattern. C．Shuey Rhon Rhon.
【答案】54．B 55．A 56．C 57．A 58．B
【导语】本文介绍了2022年北京冬奥会的吉祥物冰墩墩和残奥会吉祥物雪容融。
54．细节理解题。根据“Shuey Rhon Rhon. It is the mascot of the Paralympic Winter Games(冬残奥会).”可知
雪容融是冬残奥会的吉祥物。故选B。
55．细节理解题。根据“I’m a black and white panda”可知冰墩墩像一个熊猫。故选A。
56．细节理解题。根据“It looks like a red lantern”可知雪容融是红色的，故选C。
57．细节理解题。根据“What is it on my left hand? Haha, it is a heart pattern(心形图案)”可知心形图案在冰
墩墩的左手。故选A。
58．细节理解题。根据“it is a heart pattern(心形图案) to welcome friends all over the world to come to
China.”可知这是一个欢迎世界各地朋友来中国的心形图案。故选B。
（2022·内蒙古·中考真题）In China, writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and ink tones are called the Four
Treasures of Study. Among the high-quality treasures, the writing brush produced in Huizhou, the ink stick
produced in Huizhou, the xuan paper made in Xuancheng and the ink stone made in Duanxi are the best-known.
The writing brushes can be used to draw the pictures on painted potteries(陶器). They are mainly made of the
hair of animals. Those made of wool are called yanghao and those made of the weasel’s(鼬) tail hair are called
langhao. Their artistic effects in writing and painting cannot be copied by any other pens.
The ink stick is the pigment used in writing and painting. The ink stick produced in Huizhou is of high
quality. A story goes like this: Two famous skilled men Xi Chao and his son produced a kind of high-quality ink
stick. As a result, the Emperor Li Yu in the Southern Tang Dynasty agreed to give them the family name “Li”.
From then on, the fame of the Li Ink Stick was widespread. In the Song Dynasty, its producing area was changed
into Huizhou, and it was then called the Hui Ink Stick.
Paper is among the four great inventions in ancient China. The famous xuan paper appeared in the Sui and
Tang dynasties. In Xuanzhou, Anhui Province where the xuan paper is produced, it’s said that Cai Lun’s pupil
Kong Dan took the job of producing paper but failed to make perfect white paper. Later he happened to see the
ebony(黑檀) in the rivers. It was wet with the water and turned white. Then he used the bark to produce the world-
famous xuan paper.
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The ink stone was already very popular in the Han Dynasty. The Ming and Qing dynasties saw the
appearance of the Four Famous Ink Stones-Duan Ink Stone. She Ink Stone, Tao Ink Stone and Chengni Ink Stone.
They can not only be used in writing and painting but also for admiration.
59．What are the writing brushes mainly made of?
A．The pigment. B．The animals’ tails. C．The bark. D．The hair of animals.
60．Why did Xi Chao and his son get the family name from the Emperor Li Yu?
A．Because they produced a kind of high-quality ink stick.
B．Because the fame of the ink stick was widespread.
C．Because its producing area was changed into Huizhou.
D．Because Xi Chao was the relative of the Emperor Li Yu.
61．How did Kong Dan find the way to make the famous xuan paper by accident?
A．He took the job of producing paper.
B．He appeared in Xuanzhou, Anhui Province.
C．He happened to see the ebony in the rivers and used the bark to produce the famous ruan paper.
D．He was Cai Lun’s pupil at that time.
62．When did the Four Famous Ink Stones appear?
A．The Ming and Qing dynasties. B．The Han Dynasty.
C．The Sui and Tang dynasties. D．The Song Dynasty.
63．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．The History of Potteries B．The History of the Four Treasures of Study
C．The History of the Four Famous Ink Stones D．The History of Xuan Paper
【答案】59．D 60．A 61．C 62．A 63．B
【导语】本文主要讲了文房四宝，具体对文房四宝进行介绍。
59．细节理解题。根据“The writing brushes can be used to draw the pictures on painted potteries(陶器). They
are mainly made of the hair of animals.”可知，它们主要是由动物的毛发制成的，故选D。
60．细节理解题。根据“wo famous skilled men Xi Chao and his son produced a kind of high-quality ink stick.
As a result, the Emperor Li Yu in the Southern Tang Dynasty agreed to give them the family name ‘Li’.” 可知，
奚超父子制出了质量非常高的墨，南唐皇帝李煜赏赐了他们家国姓“李”，故选A。
61．细节理解题。根据“Later he happened to see the ebony(黑檀) in the rivers. It was wet with the water and
turned white. Then he used the bark to produce the world-famous xuan paper.”可知，他偶然在河里看到乌木，
就用乌木树皮制成了著名的宣纸，故选C。
62．细节理解题。根据“The Ming and Qing dynasties saw the appearance of the Four Famous Ink Stones-
Duan Ink Stone. She Ink Stone, Tao Ink Stone and Chengni Ink Stone.”可知，明清时期出现了四大名砚台，故
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选A。
63．最佳标题题。根据“In China, writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and ink tones are called the Four Treasures
of Study.”以及整个文章的理解可知，主要是对文房四宝进行介绍，故选B。
（2022·湖北荆门·统考中考真题）Founded in 1987 in Shenzhen, Huawei is a leading provider of
information and communications technology(ICT) around the world. With more than 195,000 workers, the
company runs in more than 170 countries and areas, serving more than three billion people.
As we all know, there are two operating systems(操作系统) used in smartphones, Android OS and iOS. For a
very long time, most of the smartphones have been depending on Android OS, including Huawei’s smartphones.
Now things are changing. Huawei has been creating its own operating system—HarmonyOS or Hongmeng in
Chinese. Hongmeng is a word from the Chinese mythology(神话), symbolizing(象征) the world before
HarmonyOS was created. So it means starting from the very beginning.
First known to the public in 2019, HarmonyOS is an operating system for different devices(设备). It has
already been used in Huawei watches, laptops and so on over the years. In December 2020, a beta version(测试
版) of HarmonyOS for smartphones came out. Half a year later in June 2021, Huawei launched its self﹣
developed HarmonyOS for smartphones.
Chinese tech lovers have long been looking forward to the operating system developed by ourselves.
Industries including tourism, education, home devices and sports have also welcomed HarmonyOS.
At present, Huawei encourages people to test the system. The company expects the number of devices using
HarmonyOS to reach 300 million by the end of the year. It’s hoped that HarmonyOS will be a great mobile
ecosystem.
64．What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A．Huawei has a history of 45 years. B．There are 170,000 workers in Huawei.
C．Huawei was started in the capital city of China. D．Over three billion people are using Huawei products.
65．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to(指的是)?
A．The world. B．iOS. C．Android OS. D．HarmonyOS.
66．Paragraph 3 mainly talks about ________.
A．the development of HarmonyOS B．the efforts made by the company
C．the difficulty in developing the system D．the reasons for developing the system
67．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．The History of Huawei. B．Huawei and Its HarmonyOS.
C．HarmonyOS for Smartphones. D．Different Kinds of Operating Systems.
【答案】64．D 65．D 66．A 67．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了华为公司自主研发的鸿蒙系统。
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64．细节理解题。根据“With more than 195,000 workers, the company runs in more than 170 countries and
areas, serving more than three billion people.”可知，华为公司拥有19.5万多名员工，业务遍及170多个国家
和地区，为30多亿人提供服务。故选D。
65．推理判断题。根据“Hongmeng is a word from the Chinese mythology(神话), symbolizing(象征) the
world before HarmonyOS was created. So it means starting from the very beginning.”可知，鸿蒙是中国神话中
的一个词，象征着鸿蒙系统创建之前的世界，所以这意味着从头开始。此处it指的是“鸿蒙系统”。故
选D。
66．段落大意题。分析第三段内容可知，本段介绍了鸿蒙系统的发展，故选A。
67．最佳标题题。分析文章内容可知，本文主要介绍华为公司自主研发的鸿蒙系统。故选B。
（2021·四川巴中·统考中考真题）Three-two-one, fire!
At the moment of 9:43 a. m. on Tuesday, June 23rd, 2020, at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center（卫星发
射中心） in Sichuan Province, the last satellite of the third-generation network（第三代导航系统）was sent
into space. It is the 55th member in the family of Beidou. It belongs to China’s Beidou Navigation Satellite
System（BDS北斗卫星导航系统）.
So far, 59 satellites, including the first four test ones, have been launched from Xichang. With the
development of China, we have already owned three other famous satellite launch centers-Jiuquan, Taiyuan and
Wenchang.
After a period of tests in space, this new satellite has started to work with other Beidou satellites together. It
is designed to work for at least 12 years. So far, China has completed the third-generation network of China’s
BDS. It was a new milestone in the nation’s research work. The launch showed our country has completed our
largest space-based system. It’s one of four global（全球的）navigation networks, including the United States’
GPS, Russia’s GLONASS and the European Union’s Galileo.
BDS has been widely used as public resources（资源）in our daily life. It has been shared by the whole
world. It will provide more services around the world. BDS is the common wealth of the development of human
beings.
68．How many satellites are there in the family of Beidou?
A．4. B．59. C．114. D．12.
69．Where did China launch the last satellite of the third-generation network?
A．Wenchang. B．Jiuquan. C．Taiyuan. D．Xichang.
70．GPS belongs to ________.
A．China B．the European UnionC．the United States D．Russia
71．What does the underlined word “milestone” mean in Chinese?
A．项目. B．事业. C．位置. D．里程碑.
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72．According to the passage, we can know that ________.
A．BDS is shared only by China as public resources
B．the last satellite BDS was launched on Tuesday, June 23, 2021
C．China has completed the third-generation network of China’s BDS
D．this new satellite is designed to work for at most 12 years
【答案】68．B 69．D 70．C 71．D 72．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了第三代导航系统最后一颗卫星发射升空的事情。
68．细节理解题。根据文章“So far, 59 satellites, including the first four test ones, we have already owned
three other famous satellite launch centers-Jiuquan, Taiyuan and Wenchang.”可知，到目前为止，我们已经拥有
59颗卫星，包括前4颗试验卫星，我们已经拥有另外3个著名的卫星发射中心——酒泉、太原和文昌。
故选B。
69．细节理解题。根据“At the moment of 9:43 a. m. on Tuesday, June 23rd, 2020, at the Xichang Satellite
Launch Center（卫星发射中心） in Sichuan Province, the last satellite of the third-generation network（第三
代导航系统）was sent into space.”可知，中国在四川西昌卫星发射中心将北斗导航系统最后一颗卫星送入
太空。故选D。
70．细节理解题。根据“It’s one of four global（全球的）navigation networks, including the United States’
GPS,”可知，GPS是属于美国的。故选C。
71．词义猜测题。根据“The launch showed our country has completed our largest space-based system.”可知，
这次发射表明我国已经完成了我国最大的天基系统，可知此处是讲这是太空研究工作的一个新的里程碑。
因此“milestone”指的是里程碑。故选D。
72．细节理解题。根据“So far, China has completed the third-generation network of China’s BDS.”可知，中
国已建成北斗系统第三代网络是对的。故选C。
（2023·江苏无锡·江苏省锡山高级中学实验学校校考一模）
Back in Brisbane, Australia, for the Christmas break, I found myself in a public transport dead zone.
Bikeless, 7 kilometers from where I was meeting friends and unwilling to get a taxi, I decided to borrow an
electric scooter. The trip took far longer than it would have by bike, mainly because of a major spill halfway
there. A rock, hit at speed, is a terrible thing: weeks later, I still had the red knees of a primary schooler.
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In the UK, they are legal (合法的) only on private land, but the Department for Transport is discussing how
to control them on public roads and pathways, with the possibility for legalization later this year. Other cities that
have e-scooter rental programs have had problems in the early period. In Paris, Mayor Anne Hidalgo described the
situation last year as messy. She has announced that the city is reducing its number of e-scooters to 15,000 and
plans to create laws forbidding them from pavements (人行道). France has put into force laws limiting e-scooter
speeds to 25 kilometres per hour.
Similar to dockless (无桩的) hire bicycles, e-scooters are parked on pavements and people leave them up
trees or throw them into rivers. Wild treatment shortens their lifetime, which is bad for both profitability (盈利)
and the environment. Analysis suggests that the average e-scooter’s lifetime is just three months.
I think e-scooters are an basic part of the effort to make city transport greener. They are seen as a key to the
“last mile” problem—a potential way to reduce transport jam by rapidly getting someone to their final goal. Cars
can take up 28 times the space of a person riding a bicycle. As far as the environmental effect goes, recent
research suggests that e-scooters are not as green as walking or cycling, but they are still better than cars. And
though there are still many reports of serious accidents, scooting is about as safe as cycling. Stephen Gossling at
Lund University in Sweden has suggested we build car-free “micromobility” streets, where cyclists, pedestrians
(行人) and e-scooters could share the road. He thinks this will reduce accident risks and invite more vulnerable
(易受伤害的) traffic participants, such as children, to become active transport users. If more e-scooters mean
fewer cars on roads, an improvement in local air quality is also a likely result. When 20 kilometers of roads in
central London closed for World Car-Free Day last September, the air quality was greatly improved according to
the report.
1．What does the underlined part “a major spill” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．A serious fall. B．A sudden illness. C．A legal reaction. D．A terrible breakdown.
2．What do we know about e-scooters in Paris?
A．They are illegal on pavements. B．They are already out of fashion.
C．They are facing more limits. D．They are more common on private land.
3．What is the writer’s opinion of e-scooters?
A．They are not as safe as cycling. B．They always cause the traffic jams.
C．They are as green as cycling or walking. D．They play a big role in the “last mile” problem.
4．What is Stephen Gossling’s suggestion?
A．To set up more care-free days. B．To invite more cyclists to use e-scooters.
C．To get vulnerable pedestrians off the road. D．To separate cars from e-scooters on the road.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了一些城市出现电动踏板车后出现的一些问题。但作者认为电动摩托车是城市交
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通绿化的重要组成部分。很多的电动滑板车意味着道路上汽车的减少，那么当地的空气质量可能也会改
善。
1．词义猜测题。根据“The trip took far longer than it would have by bike”可知作者花费了比骑自行车更久
的时间，再由“A rock, hit at speed, is a terrible thing: weeks later, I still had the red knees of a primary
schooler.”可知电动车在路上撞到了石头上，作者摔了一跤，a major spill意为“摔了一跤”。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据“In Paris, Mayor Anne Hidalgo described the situation last year as messy. She has
announced that the city is reducing its number of e-scooters to 15,000 and plans to create laws forbidding them
from pavements.”可知在巴黎电动踏板车受到了诸多限制。故选C。
3．观点态度题。根据“I think e-scooters are an basic part of the effort to make city transport greener. They are
seen as a key to the ‘last mile’ problem—a potential way to reduce transport jam by rapidly getting someone to
their final goal.”可知作者认为电动踏板车在“最后一英里”问题中发挥重要作用。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据“Stephen Gossling at Lund University in Sweden has suggested we build car-free
‘micromobility’ streets, where cyclists, pedestrians and e-scooters could share the road.”可知Stephen Gossling建
议在路上把汽车和电动踏板车分开。故选D。
（2023·浙江温州·校联考一模）
Sweden produces about 4. 4 million tons of waste a year, but only 1% makes its way to the landfill. When it
comes to waste management, Sweden is ahead of its time. How has Sweden done it?
In Sweden, everyone works hard to make the environment free of waste. People are taught to recycle from a
very young age. They are asked to return cans and bottles to supermarkets. The government places recycling
stations no more than 300 meters from homes, schools, and offices. These all help waste management in Sweden
much easier and more practical.
The country also rewards those who recycle. In 1984, Sweden started the panta system. It encourages people
to recycle bottles in exchange for money. The process is very simple. People put their items into a machine. Each
piece has a small barcode that tells the machine how much it is worth. People can collect a voucher for that
amount by pressing a green button, or they can donate the money to charity by pressing a yellow button. In 2021,
the Swedish recycled 1.8 billion bottles and cans by using panta system.
Sweden recycles nearly 50% of what it throws away. But what about the other half? ________ Altogether
Sweden has 34 waste-to-energy plants that provide 1, 445, 000 homes with heat and 780, 000 homes with
electricity. Changing waste into energy has reduced Sweden’s CO emissions by 2.2 million tons a year. In 2016,
2
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Sweden had started running out of trash, so it began importing waste from other countries. It not only keeps the
plants working, but also lets Sweden make much money. That is what makes Sweden different from the other
countries.
Sweden’s waste management has made a great success. But still, the country is wondering how it can do
more. They hope to see a day when landfills are a thing of the past.
5．The word “These” in Para. 2 refers to the ________ that help to recycle the waste.
A．plans B．meanings C．actions D．reasons
6．In the panta system, people can ________.
A．find recycling stations easily B．sell bottles to supermarkets
C．change the waste into energy D．get rewards from machines
7．Which of the following can be best filled in the ________ in Para. 4?
A．This waste is recycled by Swedish at home.
B．This waste goes to landfills and is burnt there.
C．This waste is put into machines and is sold abroad.
D．This waste goes to plants and is changed into energy.
8．The purpose of this passage is to ________.
A．celebrate the success of waste recycling in Sweden
B．advise other countries to ask for help from Sweden
C．introduce the Swedish method of waste management
D．show Sweden earns much money by recycling waste
【答案】5．C 6．D 7．D 8．C
【导语】本文主要讲了瑞典处理垃圾的方法。
5．词义猜测题。根据“In Sweden, everyone works hard to make the environment free of waste. People are
taught to recycle from a very young age. They are asked to return cans and bottles to supermarkets. The
government places recycling stations no more than 300 meters from homes, schools, and offices.”可知此处讲人
们帮助回收垃圾的行为，此处的“These”指的是上文的种种行为，故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据“In 1984, Sweden started the panta system. It encourages people to recycle bottles in
exchange for money.”可知在panta系统中，人们可以从机器中获得奖励。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据后文“Altogether Sweden has 34 waste-to-energy plants that provide 1, 445, 000 homes
with heat and 780, 000 homes with electricity. Changing waste into energy has reduced Sweden’s CO2 emissions
by 2.2 million tons a year.”可知此处讲的是将废物转化为能源，D选项“这些废物进入发电厂并转化为能
源。”符合语境。故选D。
8．推理判断题。通读全文及“Sweden’s waste management has made a great success.”可知本文主要介绍瑞
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典的废物管理方法。故选C。
（2023·山东日照·校考一模）TOKYO, JAPAN — What do you do when you see a cockroach (蟑螂)? Do
you hit it with a newspaper? Do you step on it?
When researchers at Tokyo University see a cockroach, they take the remote control and make the cockroach
turn around, run left or right, or go forward. These scientists are changing the cockroaches into robots. Each
cockroach has a very small packet that has in it a microprocessor(微处理器). Then researchers can send signals
from the remote control to the packet. The signals control the movements of the cockroaches.
Why does anyone want to control a cockroach? “Insects can do many things that people can’t,” says Isao
Shimoyama, head of robot research at Tokyo University. In a few years, he says, these robot insects will carry
very small cameras. They will be able to move through earthquake rubble(瓦砾) to look for people or move under
doors to find information about someone.
This may seem strange, but the Japanese government thinks the research is very important. The government
is giving the scientists $ 5 million for this research.
First, the researchers breed (培育) hundreds of cockroaches. They use only the American cockroach because
it is bigger and stronger than other cockroaches. Then they choose the best cockroaches and remove their wings
and antennae(触须). They put small packs where the antennae were. The packs weigh about three grams, or about
two times the weight of the cockroaches themselves. “Cockroaches are very strong,” says Ralph Holzer, who is a
researcher at Tokyo University. “They can lift 20 times their own weight.”
With a remote control, the scientists send signals to the packs. When a cockroach gets the signal, it moves.
The problem is that the cockroaches don’t always move in the right direction.
9．The scientists are changing the cockroaches into robots because ________.
A．they want cockroaches to do things people can’t in the future
B．they want to control the movements of the cockroaches
C．they want cockroaches to take photos of the earthquakes
D．they want to send signals to the packs on the cockroaches
10．What can cockroaches do to help people?
A．They can lift 20 times their own weight.
B．They can help people to carry very small cameras.
C．They can breed hundreds of cockroaches.
D．They can search for those people in rubble after an earthquake.
11．Scientists control cockroaches’ movements ________.
A．by removing their wings B．by sending signals from the remote control
C．by using very small cameras D．by removing their antennae
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12．What problem do the researchers meet with?
A．The cockroaches sometimes don’t move.
B．The cockroaches sometimes move in the wrong direction.
C．The cockroaches arc too big to move through earthquake rubble.
D．The cockroaches can only lift 20 times their own weight.
13．What’s the object of this article?
A．The cockroaches B．The signals C．The cockroach robotD．The researchers
【答案】9．A 10．D 11．B 12．B 13．A
【导语】本文介绍了日本东京的科学家们想要发明的蟑螂机器人以及它的作用。
9．细节理解题。根据“Why does anyone want to control a cockroach? “Insects can do many things that people
can’t,” says Isao Shimoyama”可知，因为蟑螂能做很多人不能做的事情，故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据“They will be able to move through earthquake rubble(瓦砾) to look for people or move
under doors to find information about someone.”可知，蟑螂能够在地震废墟中搜寻人员，故选D。
11．细节理解题。根据“Then researchers can send signals from the remote control to the packet. The signals
control the movements of the cockroaches.”可知，研究人员可以从遥控器向数据包发送信号，这些信号控制
着蟑螂的行动，故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据“The problem is that the cockroaches don’t always move in the right direction.”可知，
问题是蟑螂并不总是朝着正确的方向移动，故选B。
13．主旨大意题。根据“TOKYO, JAPAN — What do you do when you see a cockroach (蟑螂)? Do you hit it
with a newspaper? Do you step on it?”以及整个文章的理解可知，文章主要是介绍日本东京的科学家们想要
发明的蟑螂机器人以及它的作用，故选A。
（2023·天津和平·统考二模）The opera of Dream of the Red Chamber《红楼梦》, the first opera adapted
from an 18th century Chinese novel of the same name, returned to San Francisco in mid-June this year, six years
after its world debut（首演）. The opera, developed for Western audiences Zhang Meigui, a 28-year-old opera
singer, played the role of Daiyu in the opera. To show the audience a fresh version（版本）, she had been
preparing for the opera for half a year. “I’ve watched the video of the 2016 production for many times. I think the
performance of the singer （playing Daiyu） is excellent, which is very challenging and requires a lot of
skills,”she said. “For example, Daiyu finds her world increasingly helpless as her health continues to worsen. She
sings, ‘When spring is gone and beauty is spent’, who cares for the dying flowers?” “The singer needs to keep the
high notes（高音） with a soft sound, which requires more breath support and air control.” said Zhang, “Some
parts of the music are more powerful and require very expressive sound.” Bright Sheng, the opera’s composer,
explained in an interview why Daiyu sang in a loud voice. “Music carries feelings that words cannot explain or
say. To me, beating her chest as she looks up at the sky to ask these questions.” For the new production, Sheng
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said he made some changes. He said, “A great opera is not only a big musical theater in action, but also a perfect
mixture of music and drama.”
“There’s no boundary in the world of music. It can connect people with different backgrounds. I hope
American people will be touched by this opera and experience the beauty of Chinese culture,” Zhang added.
16．When was the opera first performed in San Francisco?
A．In the 18th century. B．In 1987. C．In 2016. D．In 2022.
17．How did Zhang Meigui prepare for the performance?
A．By reading the original work. B．By practicing new singing skills.
C．By communicating with the composer. D．By learning from the performer of the old version.
18．Why did Sheng mention Daiyu in Paragraph 4?
A．To interview the actress. B．To express his ideas of the novel.
C．To explain why she sang loud. D．To show his feeling about her.
19．In which part of a newspaper can we read the passage?
A．Sports Event. B．Health Guide. C．Great Discovery. D．Music and Art.
20．What can we infer（推断） from the passage?
A．This opera will be a must-see for people.
B．The opera helps to spread Chinese culture.
C．The opera should be the most popular one in China.
D．This opera is sure to bring a lot of foreigners to China.
【答案】16．C 17．D 18．B 19．D 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了歌剧《红楼梦》首次演出以来就受到了国际上的好评，歌
剧有助于传播中国文化。
16．推理判断题。根据“The opera of Dream of the Red Chamber《红楼梦》, the first opera adapted from an 18th
century Chinese novel of the same name, returned to San Francisco in mid-June this year, six years after its world
deut（首演）.”可知，歌剧《红楼梦》是第一部改编自18世纪中国同名小说的歌剧，于今年6月中旬返回
旧金山，距离其全球首秀已经过去了六年，所以第一次在旧金山上映应该是2016年，故选C。
17．细节理解题。 根据“I’ve watched the video of the 2016 production for many times. I think the
performance of the singer （playing Daiyu） is excellent, which is very challenging and requires a lot of skills,”
可知，张梅桂已经看了很多次2016年制作的视频，所以她是通过向旧版本的表演者学习来准备表演的。
故选D。
18．推理判断题。根据“Music carries feelings that words cannot explain or say. To me, beating her chest as
she looks up at the sky to ask these questions.” For the new production, Sheng said he made some changes. He
said, “A great opera is not only a big musical theater in action, but also a perfect mixture of music and drama.”可
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知，对于新作品，盛说他做了一些改变。他说，但也是音乐和戏剧的完美结合。故盛提到林黛玉是为了
表达他对小说的看法。故选B。
19．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了歌剧《红楼梦》首次演出以来就受到了国际上的好评，
歌剧有助于传播中国文化。所以可以在报纸的音乐和艺术部分读到该文章。故选D。
20．推理判断题。根据“There’s no boundary in the world of music. It can connect people with different
backgrounds. I hope American people will be touched by this opera and experience the beauty of Chinese
culture,”可知，张认为音乐世界没有边界，它可以将不同背景的人联系在一起。希望美国人民能被这部歌
剧打动，体验中国文化之美。所以可以推断出歌剧有助于传播中国文化。故选B。
（2023·天津红桥·统考二模）To compete with online sellers, traditional bookstores have tried everything to
win customers. And it’s true that a great bookstore can encourage people to read in many ways.
Here are some go bookstores in China and other countries that you should visit.
Eslite Bookstore, Taipei, China
The Eslite Bookstore is a cultural landmark in Taipei. It has fashion boutiques （精品店）, cafes, galleries
and other spaces. It also holds lots of reading-relate activities including exhibitions and talks with famous writers.
Sanlian Taofen Bookstore, Beijing, China
It is 11:30 p.m. and getting late. But the Beijing Sanian Taofen Bookstore is still shining brightly. Hundreds
of people are staying inside for one thing: to read. The bookstore runs 24 hours a day, and it’s the first bookstore
of its hind in Beijing.
Shakespeare & Company, Paris, France
France doesn’t have Shakepeare but it has Shakepeare & Company. Many great writers used to meet
here, such as Ezra Pound（US）and Ernest Hemingway(US）. Today, it helps young writers by allowing them to
live and work here.
Strand Bookstore, New York, America
Strand Bookstore is a secondhand bookstore. It sells used books for $2-3 each. Sometimes you can find very
old and rare（稀有的） books at Strand, for example, a Shakespeare book that was published in 1632.The book
is worth $125, 000!
21．Which bookstore runs 24 hours a day?
A．Eslite Bookstore. B．Sanlian Taofen Bookstore.
C．Shakespeare & Company. D．Strand Bookstore.
22．Who used to meet in Shakespeare & Company according to the passage?
A．Jane Austin and Mark Twain. B．Ernest Hemingway and Mark Twain.
C．Ezra Pound and Jane Austin. D．Ernest Hemingway and Ezra Pound.
23．What can’t be found in Eslite Bookstore?
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A．Fashion boutiques. B．Cafes.
C．Galleries. D．Exhibitions and talks with film stars.
24．What are people doing in Sanlian Taofen Bookstore at 11: 30 pm?
A．They are buying books. B．They are talking with friends.
C．They are reading books. D．They are listening to music.
25．What is special about Strand Bookstore?
A．It sells new books. B．It is a cultural landmark in New York.
C．Young writers can live and work there. D．You can find very old and rare books there.
【答案】21．B 22．D 23．D 24．C 25．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国和其他国家的几家书店。
21．细节理解题。根据第五段“Sanlian Taofen Bookstore, Beijing, China”及第六段“The bookstore runs 24
hours a day, and it’s the first bookstore of its hind in Beijing.”可知，三联韬奋书店24小时营业。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据第八段“Many great writers used to meet here, such as Ezra Pound(US) and Ernest
Hemingway (US）.”可知，Ernest Hemingway和Ezra Pound曾经在莎士比亚公司相遇。故选D。
23．细节理解题。根据第四段“It has fashion boutiques （精品店）, cafes, galleries and other spaces. It also
holds lots of reading-relate activities including exhibitions and talks with famous writers.”可知，在诚品书店不
会发现与电影明星的展览和会谈。故选D。
24．推理判断题。根据第六段“Hundreds of people are staying inside for one thing: to read.”可知，晚上11:
30人们在三联韬奋书店读书。故选C。
25．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sometimes you can find very old and rare （稀有的） books at Strand, for
example, a Shakespeare book that was published in 1632.”可知，Strand书店的特别之处是你可以在那里找到
非常古老和稀有的书籍。故选D。
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