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09 语篇类型-说明文阅读
真题回顾
（2024·海南·中考真题）A hug (拥抱) is a form of human touch that happens when two or more people
hold each other closely. People hug for many different reasons in their lives. For example, if a child is sad, a parent
may hug him or her to give comfort. Grown-ups may hug to show each other love. Friends may hug to show
friendship. Members of a team may hug after winning a game to show happiness and encourage other team
members.
Hugs may seem unimportant, but hugging is a necessary human need. For example, hugging is important in
building human relationships. When a person is given a hug, he or she feels loved and important. In this way, it
creates a sense of trust, belonging (归属感) and safety that encourages open communication and understanding
with others.
Hugging also has many health advantages. For example, hugs can be good for people’s heath. Research has
shown that hugs can lower the risk of getting a cold as well as lower worry levels. Giving and receiving hugs can
also make people happier.
Finally, hugging can even save lives. In recent years, doctors have found that it is best when a baby is held
soon after being born. It keeps the baby warm and helps keep his heart rate stable (心率平稳). Besides, these babies
feel safer and seem to be happier. Sometimes, a hug from a mother can save the life of her newly-born baby who is
dying.
Knowing the importance of a hug, one man started the Free Hugs Campaign in 2001. It was an act of
kindness to show that everyone is an important person. Giving hugs to unknown people who wanted or needed a
bug became popular in society. Now, the month of July is known as International Free Hugs Month.
Someone once said, “We need four hugs a day for living on. We need eight hugs a day for holding on. We
need twelve hugs a day for growing up.” There may not be many people who give out 12 a day. But for all it
advantages, maybe it is something we should all do more often.
1. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A. A mother may hug her son to show her sadness.
B. Friends may hug each other to share their interests.
C. Team members may hug to share happiness of victory.
2. Which of the following shows the advantage of hugging according to the passage?
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A. Hugging can help people stay away from danger.
B. Hugging can help people get more pleasure.
C. Hugging can help protect people from illness.
3. How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 3?
A. By asking questions. B. By giving examples. C. By telling stories.
4. Why did the man start the Free Hugs Campaign?
A. To offer help to all kinds of people.
B. To give more hugs to important people.
C. To encourage more people to give hugs.
5. What is the best title for the passage?
A. More Hugs, Better Lives B. More Hugs, Less Worry C. Free Hugs, Good Friends
【答案与解析】本文介绍了拥抱在人际关系中的重要性及其对健康的益处，进一步说明了拥抱在情感上的
温暖和心理治疗中的积极作用，并介绍了“免费拥抱运动”的由来。
1. 细节理解题。根据“Members of a team may hug after winning a game to show happiness and encourage other
team members.”可知，团队成员在赢得比赛后可能会拥抱以表达胜利的快乐，故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据“Giving and receiving hugs can also make people happier.”可知，拥抱可以让人更快乐，
故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据“Hugging also has many health advantages. For example, hugs can be good for people’s
heath. Research has shown that hugs can lower the risk of getting a cold as well as lower worry levels. Giving and
receiving hugs can also make people happier.”可知，在第三段中作者通过列举例子来说明拥抱的好处。故选
B。
4. 细节理解题。根据“Knowing the importance of a hug, one man started the Free Hugs Campaign in 2001.”可
知，发起免费拥抱活动是为了鼓励更多的人给予拥抱，故选C。
5. 最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了拥抱给人带来的诸多好处，因此最适合的标题是“More Hugs,
Better Lives”，意为“更多的拥抱，更美好的生活”，故选A。
知识积累
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的
特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或正确思想。一般可分为实体事物说明和抽象事物说明两大
类，词典、教材、论文、实验报告、产品说明书、广告、解说词及科学小品等都属于说明文。
阅读说明文体裁的文章时应首先抓住下面的重要信息：（1）说明的对象；（2）说明对象的特征；
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（3）说明的方法（例证法；定义法；分类法；因果关系法；比较对照法；过程分析法）。
一、文体概览
一般说来，英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即 who → what →
when → where → how → why。
1. who：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物）
2. what：问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途）
3. when和where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途）
4. how：通过什么方式表现出来的？
5. why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？
做说明文阅读理解题的时候，一定要记住上面的wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。
二、突破技巧
阅读说明类文章重在把握被说明事物各因素之间的联系，如因果、条件、从属、并列等；以及说明方
法，如定义、例释、类比等。考生应加强此类文章的阅读训练，不断提高判断、归纳、分析和解决问题的
能力。首先我们平时要多关注科学题材的文章，了解一些基本的科普知识；其次，在阅读时要注意实验的
目的和结果，不能凭想象和猜测下结论；对于较难理解的句子要利用语法结构去分析；最后，要利用文章
特点找准主题句，把握中心，从而一一破解题目。
1.宏观策略
快速读题，正确理解题干，定位关键词，带着问题读文章。
运用正确的阅读策略，变速阅读文章，学会处理文中的冗余信息。
注意特殊语言现象，在含有关键词的句子处标上题号。
注意正确项和干扰项的特征，回到文中确定答案。
合理猜测，推敲生词的含义。
符合题目要求，对信息进行必要的加工处理。
2.读题方法
先读懂文章，然后按顺序答题。此方法适合内容较易于理解和记忆的文章。
先读试题再读文章，这样我们可以带着问题有的放矢地阅读文章，迅速选出答案。
先阅读一篇文章，把握中心大意，然后开始答题，对暂时确定不了的答案，可回读文章的有关内容并
对其进行分析、推敲后再确定。
对拿不准的答案，可先逐项排除自己有把握的错误选项，再将剩下的答案进行比较、筛选，直到确定
最佳答案。
3.注意事项
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限时阅读：严格控制做题时间，具体到每一篇文章，通过有意识的训练，达到时间分配上的合理性。
带着问题读：先快速浏览一遍题目，再开始阅读文章，有针对性的阅读会提升速度。
找对应词句：中考阅读理解的答案都会聚焦到文章的词或句子上，在做题时找到相应的原文，并进行
勾勒、标注，重点理解，有助于排除疑虑，且方便检查。
重点注意首段、尾段、首句、尾句：中考阅读理解的材料都是有鲜明的中心句的，把握好中心句有助
于全篇的理解。中心句通常位于首段、尾段、首句或尾句，需要特别注意。
理解作者意图：切勿将自己的意图强加到文章中，特别是在做主旨大意题时。
三、语篇结构
1.结构布局
2.试题类型
中考英语中的说明文，按照说明对象的不同，通常可分为两种类型：事物性说明文和事理性说明文。
以河南省中考阅读C篇为例：
突破练习
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1
（2024·广东深圳·三模）In 2019, Canadians were advised to accept plant-based proteins such as beans,
nuts and tofu instead of meat. “Over the past years, we’ve seen a changing food environment with more access to
plant-based food. So it’s necessary to examine the nutritional (营养的) results of children following vegetarian (素
食的) diets in Canada,” said Dr Jonathon Maguire, a doctor at St. Michael’s Hospital of Unity Health Toronto.
Researchers tested 8,907 children in a study. The data were collected between 2008 and 2019. Children were
grouped by their vegetarian status (状态)——defined as a dietary pattern that doesn’t include meat or non-
vegetarian status.
The researchers found children who had a vegetarian diet had similar mean body mass index (BMI), height,
iron and vitamin D levels to those who ate meat. But the researchers also showed evidence (证据) that children
having a vegetarian diet were nearly twice as likely to be underweight. There was no evidence of a connection with
being overweight.
Being underweight may be a sign that the quality of the child’s diet doesn’t meet his or her nutritional needs
to support normal growth. For children who eat a vegetarian diet, the researchers stressed access to healthcare
providers who can provide growth monitoring, education and guidance to support the children’s growth and
nutritional intake.
The plant-based dietary pattern is recognized as a healthy eating pattern because of increased intake of fruit,
vegetables, whole grains and a low fat content. However, the researchers didn’t judge the quality of the vegetarian
diets. There are different types of vegetarian diets, and a child’s growth and nutritional intake may be greatly
affected by the diet’s quality. So further research is needed to examine the quality of vegetarian diets in childhood,
as well as growth and nutritional results among children following a vegetarian diet.
1. What do we know about Canadians’ diets?
A. Plant-based food can be widely found.
B. Nutrition is the most important in cooking.
C. Food products are more affordable than before.
D. Environmentally-friendly materials are used as food sources.
2. What did the researchers find in their study?
A. Vegetarian children were healthier than children eating meat.
B. Children’s nutritional intake had a big effect on their intelligence.
C. Children eating meat were more likely to be above normal weight.
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D. Vegetarian children were more likely to be below normal weight.
3. What is the researchers’ advice on caring for vegetarian children?
A. Teaching them to cook by themselves.
B. Having them receive medical treatment regularly.
C. Asking for professional guidance on healthy diets for them.
D. Creating a comfortable dining environment for them.
4. What does the writer think of the study?
A. It is of no importance. B. It needs to be further carried out.
C. It provides new ideas for other studies. D. It needs to be more scientific and practical.
5. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. It is good for children to have a balanced diet.
B. Canadian children have got used the plant-based dietary pattern.
C. Vegetarian diets are healthier and more nutritious than meat-based diets.
D. Children with a vegetarian diet have similar growth and nutrition compared to children eating meat.
2
（2024·广东惠州·一模）If you go to a restaurant in western countries, they will serve you a cup of cold
water, sometimes even with ice. But when Chinese people ask for hot water, they might get a strange look from the
waiter (服务员) or others around. Many westerners don’t understand why Chinese people like hot water so much.
In China, drinking hot water is very common. We believe that hot food and drink are better for our stomachs.
According to traditional Chinese medicine, cold food can make our body temperature drop. And it will make us feel
cold and even can lead to illness. But hot water warms our stomachs, helping them work better. It also reduces the
chance of getting stomach problems and helps with digestion (消化).
On the other hand, many westerners think drinking hot water makes the body weaker. If you often drink hot
water, your body might not be able to adapt cooler water later.
In China, we also like warm food. That’s why waiters in Chinese restaurants always give you hot water or
tea. But in western countries, they like cold food, so they prefer cold water too. They also love hamburgers, cheese,
and fried food which are high in calories (卡路里). As a matter of fact, they need cold drink to cool them off.
Drinking hot water is a healthy habit. Many Chinese doctors are encouraging people around the world to take
on the habit of drinking hot water.
1. Where is this passage most probably from?
A. A science website. B. A travel newspaper.
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C. A music textbook. D. A health magazine.
2. What’s better for our stomachs from Paragraph 2?
A. Cold food and drink. B. Hamburgers and fried food.
C. Hot food and drink. D. Hot food and cool drink.
3. What does the underlined word “adapt” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Fit. B. Help. C. Catch. D. Join.
4. What do waiters in Chinese restaurants always give us?
A. Hot water. B. Cold food. C. Cold water. D. Cold drink.
5. Which can be the best title for the passage?
A. Drinking Cool Water Is Good For Health
B. Drinking Hot Water Is Good For Health
C. Eating Cold Food Can Make Us Healthy
D. Making Hot Tea Is Popular In China
3
（2024·福建福州·三模）Have you ever felt like you’re not sure how you’re feeling? Or maybe you’ve tried
to tell someone your feelings, but they are hard to put into words? Well, there’s an app for that!
Feel Now is a free app that you can use on your mobile phone. It helps teenagers think about and understand
their feelings. It was designed by two17-year-olds, Taara Verma and Siena Pradhan, from the US.
Each day, Feel Now sends a reminder to users to record a feeling. The users pick one from six feelings:
happy, peaceful, angry, sad, disgusted(厌恶的) and scared. Then the app breaks down each one into 10 more
feelings. For example, “scared” can be broken down into “worried” and nine other feelings. You can also describe
how strongly you’re feeling as “slightly (轻微地)”, “moderately (一般地)” or “highly”.
Vibha Kurdikar is a doctor. She said teenagers are often not aware of their feelings. “Kids nowadays are
under a lot of stress,” Kurdikar said. “But sometimes they don’t realize something is stressful until it’s too late.”
Feel Now helps them notice how they are feeling.
Aditi Jha, 14, has been using Feel Now for months. When she stops to examine her feelings, she sometimes
notices a feeling she didn’t know about. She might realize that she’s worrying about a test. And then she can do
something to make herself feel better.
Feel Now could be more useful if it works with apps that record exercise or sleep. But Taara and Siena think
that just recognizing(辨别出) and recording one’s feelings is valuable on its own. “The simpler it is, I think, the
more people will use it,” Taara said.
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1. What do we know about Feel Now from Paragraph 2?
①It is a free app.
②It was designed by teenagers.
③It can be used on mobile phones.
④It can help teenagers make friends.
A. ①②③ B. ②③④ C. ①③④ D. ①②④
2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. How Feel Now works. B. Why Feel Now is important.
C. Where Feel Now can be found. D. What the purpose of Feel Now is.
3. What does the underlined part “aware of” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. worried about B. deal with C. realize D. understand
4. What might Aditi Jha think of Feel Now?
A. Useful. B. Popular. C. Expensive. D. Common.
5. What do Taara and Siena believe about Feel Now?
A. It should look prettier.
B. It should have a higher value.
C. It should work with other apps.
D. It should be simple and easy to use.
4
（2024·内蒙古·二模）A black bear was discovered recently at Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando,
Plorida and it wasn't in the Animal Kingdom or in the Country Bear Jamboree Show. The wild black bear was seen
in a tree at the Magic Kingdom, according to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC),
which was called in to help catch the animals. The FWC said it has been caught.
The unusual appearance of this black bear shut down several rides (游乐设施) at the theme park. A
spokesperson for Walt Disney World said that they are now opened again. The bear will be put into the Ocala
National Forest-which lies about 80 miles north of the theme park. “In most cases, it is best for bears to be given
space and to move along on their own, but given this situation, we have caught the animal and are taking the bear
out of the park to the Ocala National Forest.” the FWC said.
The FWC noted that the bear was most likely searching for food, saying “During the fall, bears are more
active as they search for food to pack on fat for the winter”.
Florida is home to about 4,000 black bears. And as the human population of Florida has rapidly grown, so
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has the state’s bear population. ▲ “The city is developed to traditionally remote (遥远的) areas, bringing
people into the bears’ place, ” the FWC said. As a result, bears and people are meeting each other more than ever.
1. What influence did the bear have on Walt Disney World?
A. The theme park was closed for many days
B. All visitors had to leave there in time.
C. Some rides had to stop running
D. The bear hurt some visitors there.
2. How did the FWC deal with the black bear?
A. By keeping it at the Animal Kingdom
B. By helping it leave on its own
C. By killing it for tourists’ safety
D. By freeing it into a wild forest.
3. Why did the bear come to the theme park according to the FWC?
A. To escape from being caught.
B. To turn to the visitors for help.
C. To prepare for the coming winter.
D. To keep warm at the low temperature.
4. Which of the following can be put in the ▲ in paragraph 4?
A. People will provide food s for wild animals.
B. Bears are becoming more interested in humans.
C. The city has offered many areas for the increasing bear population.
D. This means humans are more likely to meet bears today than in the past.
5. What’s the purpose of this text?
A. To call on efforts to protect bears.
B. To report a bear’s sudden appearance.
C. To warn people of a black bear.
D. To share the development of a city.
5
（2024·广东珠海·三模）People often think of the North Pole (北极) and the South Pole as similar frozen
(冰冻的) wastelands. They are both places with very cold temperatures and few people live there. However, the
North and South Poles are not much alike as people may imagine.
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The North Pole has no land, only thick ice. Temperatures seldom go above 32°F, at which water turns into
ice. Most of the time, it stays below zero. In winter temperatures are usually as low as -30°F.
▲ , people tried for many centuries to reach the North Pole. About 100 years ago, two men, Robert Peary
and Mathew Henson, were able to get to this environment full of troubles and difficulties. They reached the North
Pole on March 8th,1909. It was really a hard trip for them.
There are few things more dangerous than crossing the Arctic (北极圈) on foot. People who stayed there
may face many problems: very cold temperatures, sudden storms, and even hunger. Most of the area is
uninhabited. Few people can live in such a difficult place.
People might think that with such low temperatures for most of the year,the ice would be thick and hard.
However, this is not true in the Arctic. The movement of the ocean water under the ice may often cause many
different changes on the surface. Sometimes the ice breaks into two opening lanes of water (水道) called “leads”.
Anyone who falls into a lead can be frozen to death in a few minutes.
1. Which of the following can be put in the “ ▲ ”?
A. When it was really cold B. Although conditions were very poor
C. Because it was not difficult D. Because it was an exciting trip
2. According to the passage, what happened about 100 years ago ?
A. Two men succeeded in getting to the North Pole.
B. Temperatures in the North Pole went above 32°F.
C. The environment in the North Pole suddenly became worse.
D. The North Pole changed into thick ice because of the temperatures.
3. What does the underlined word “uninhabited” probably mean in Chinese?
A. 气候恶劣的 B. 充满危险的 C. 困难重重的 D. 无人居住的
4. The reason for the ice to break into two opening lanes of water is ________.
A. that the temperature suddenly drops B. that the water under the ice is frozen
C. that the ocean water under the ice movesD. that the surface is covered with lots of ice
5. What does this passage mainly talk about?
A. The thick ice in the North Pole. B. A difficult trip to the North Pole.
C. The real situation in the North Pole. D. The differences between the North Pole and the South Pole.
6
（2024·辽宁鞍山·三模）It can be really awkward (尴尬的) if someone. sees you talking to yourself. But
don’t feel bad about it! Talking to yourself actually has a lot of benefits.
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You probably know that thinking is good for the brain. It helps us do things like making plans and managing
our feelings. Speaking out loud is like showing this quiet inner (内在的) speech. It can help us do better in different
areas like school, sports and work.
When encouragement comes from oneself, it adds to self-confidence. A 2023 study invited 72 tennis players
to take part in some matches. Researchers put the players into two groups: one group that said nothing while
playing, and the other that talked to themselves while playing. They found that the self-talkers showed more
confidence and played better than those in the silent group.
Talking to yourself, especially in the third person, can also help us manage bad feelings. “Referring to (指代)
yourself in the third person leads people to think about themselves more similar to how they think about others,”
said Jason Moser, a professor from Michigan State University, U. S. This can help us see things from a different
point of view, especially when we’re feeling sad or angry.
Self-talk also helps improve memory. Researchers tested four different ways to memorize things: reading
silently, reading aloud, listening to someone else reading and listening to a recording of oneself reading. Those who
read out loud recalled the information the best, researchers said in their study published (发布) in the journal
Memory. It’s because the information is likely to become a long-term memory if said out loud.
What can you say to yourself?
★What’s my plan for today?
★This task is so hard!
★I’ve got to stay focused and get this done!
★Wow, the sunset is so beautiful!
1. Which word is close to the underlined word “benefits”?
A. Activities. B. Advantages. C. Disadvantages. D. Challenges.
2. Why is thinking good for us?
A. Because it helps us make plans. B. Because it helps us join in matches.
C. Because it makes our life happy. D. Because it makes us more confident.
3. Which way of self-talk can help people see things more widely?
A. “I am such a beautiful girl.” B. “Did you read it for everyone?”
C. “You are the perfect student.” D. “Will Lee try this hard again?”
4. Which can be a proper title for the text?
A. Speaking Aloud is a Quiet Inner Speech
B. Encouraging Yourself Adds to Self-confidence
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C. Speaking to Yourself Helps a Lot
D. Reading Silently Helps Improve Memory
7
（2024·四川·三模）Music is used as an emotion (情绪) controlling tool. We usually use it to comfort our
pain. Its strong energy is one of the main reasons. Why people spend so much time and money on it? People can
use music to achieve their different goals, such as feeling more relaxed, having less stress.
Listening to soft and slow music is good for dealing with terrible emotions. Further, if someone falls in love
with lyrics, it will be able to give voice to his feelings and experiences. Listening to happy music can change one’s
opinion forward the world.
Some music was played during a special event many years ago. When we listen to it again, we can be easy to
deeply get into the past experience. The feeling is not in the music, but in what it reminds us. Many listeners use
music to remind themselves of precious past events which they thought were quite important.
Music is so strong that it can change our relationship with time. Time does seem to fly when listening to
pleasant music. Listening to smooth music can take people’s attention away from time. It’s clear that slow music
makes people feel like time is much shorter than it actually is. So, music is used in the waiting rooms and the
supermarkets.
1. What can music help people do?
A. Become more active. B. Make more friends.
C. Get more money. D. Feel more comfortable.
2. What music can we try if we want to change our opinion?
A. Lucky music. B. Serious music. C. Surprise music. D. Enjoyable music.
3. What does the underlined word “precious” probably mean?
A. Strange. B. Interesting. C. Valuable. D. Necessary.
4. What will probably happen when the supermarket plays music?
A. Customers will buy more. B. Children will stay shorter.
C. Parents will leave quickly. D. Customers will be very few.
5. Which of the following is Not True according to the passage?
A. People can use music to achieve their different aims.
B. Some music was played during a special event many years ago.
C. Music is never used in the waiting rooms and the supermarkets.
D. Listening to happy music can change one’s opinion forward the world.
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8
（2024·江苏南京·三模）After learning about the life of the master poet who lived about 1,300 years ago in
the historical documentary Li Bai on CCTV-9, many young Chinese viewers have preferred talking about pursuing
(追求) their dreams on social media.
In BBC’s Du Fu: China’s Greatest Poet, a historian said, “Du’s poems are as important in Chinese literary
history as Shakespeare is to people in Britain.” This remark can also be used for Li’s poems. Living in the Tang
Dynasty during the “Golden Age of Chinese Poetry”, Li used his talent to push poetry to a new height.
“If Du Fu is the greatest poet in China, then Li Bai is the most talented poet in the history of Chinese poetry,”
an expert in ancient Chinese literature told the Global Times.
Much of Li’s life is reflected in his poems: his romance, heroism, and freedom while traveling around the
mountain s and rivers of China, and his hard life experiences. He saw the Tang Dynasty’s amazing prosperity (繁
荣), and dreamed about being an excellent officer to serve the court (朝廷), but experienced challenge after
challenge until his death.
Li Bai has won great reputation (声誉) among Chinese netizens (网民). The story of the poet’s life has
aroused many young Chinese’s interest. ______ For example, “What would we do if our dreams couldn’t be
reached, just like Li’s?” Some netizens wrote that unlike Li, they might change to another dream in order not to
give themselves too much pressure or unhappiness, while other netizens said they would choose to “hold on straight
to the end”.
“In fact, many people who like Li Bai’s poems like the spirit he expressed—the spirit of never giving up and
dreaming about doing something good to help society, just like many young people who have the same dream in
this era,” an expert in ancient Chinese literature said.
1. Which is not the common theme of Li Bai’s poems?
A. Heroism. B. Romance. C. Prosperity. D. Freedom.
2. Why is Shakespeare talked about in Paragraph 2?
A. To explain the meaning of Shakespeare’s poems in Britain.
B. To praise the popularity of Shakespeare’s poems in the world.
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C. To describe the influence of Li Bai’s poems on English people.
D. To show the importance of Li Bai’s poems in Chinese literary history.
3. Which of the following sentence can be put into ______ in Paragraph 5?
A. Young netizens ask questions.
B. Many young people try to realize their dreams.
C. Many young people are interested in Chinese history.
D. Ancient Chinese poets encourage young people to challenge life.
4. What does the phrase “hold on straight to the end” probably mean?
A. Doing something good to help society. B. Sticking to their dreams and never give up.
C. Experiencing challenges one after another. D. Changing to another dream when facing difficulties.
5. According to the last paragraph, what are the reasons why many people like Li Bai’s poems?
a. Because of his ability of writing poems. b. Because of his wishes for working for society.
c. Because of his doing well in serving the court. d. Because of his spirit of keeping trying to do something.
A. ab B. ac C. bd D. cd
9
（2024·广西柳州·二模）Researchers from Radboud University Medical Center found that memory
champions (冠军) aren’t all that different from us. People with an average (中等的；普通的) memory can also
greatly improve their memory ability by using what’s known as the “mind palace” method-the secret weapon (武
器) of the novel character Sherlock Holmes.
To do this, you just need to picture a place you know very well, such as your living room. Then, remember
this place in as many small facts as possible, for this is your own mind palace. Suppose you want to remember a
shopping list. You can start by spreading out all the things you want to buy around your living room in your mind.
This means each thing on your list is connected with a remembered place in your living room. You can think of the
list as you travel to that remembered place.
To research the influence of this method on the brain, researchers got together 51 volunteers with average
memory levels and without memory training experiences before. After forty days of daily 30-minute training
periods, volunteers doubled the number of words they could remember. Four months later, even without continuous
training, their memory performance remained high.
“Once you learn these methods and know how to use them, you can keep your good memory without much
further training,” said Martin Dresler, professor from Radboud University Medical Center.
Moreover, the training also influences the way our brain cells (细胞) connect. After training, the connecting
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way of the volunteer’s brain cells began to be like that of the memory champion compared to scans (扫描检查)
taken before training. Researchers believe this could cause their increased memory.
But researchers are so interested in this research because it seems to show that the natural ability to
remember things well in a person’s mind isn’t down to genes (基因). Dresler found there was no difference in brain
structure between memory champions and common people, which means memory champions are not born with
different brains.
1. What can we learn about Sherlock Holmes?
A. He used his “mind palace”.
B. He joined in the memory research.
C. He was born with an excellent memory.
2. How does the writer show the use of “mind palace” method in Paragraph 2?
A. By listing numbers.
B. By showing an example.
C. By comparing two facts.
3. What does the underlined word “that” refer to (指的是) in Paragraph 5?
A. The brain. B. The training. C. The connecting way.
4. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Your memory ability can be improved by remembering all the things.
B. Without continuous training, the volunteers’ memory went down rapidly.
C. The way that the volunteers’ brain cells connect didn’t change after training.
5. What’s the writer’s purpose of writing this passage?
A. To give readers a number of helpful tips.
B. To tell readers about a science discovery.
C. To invite readers to take part in a memory test.
10
（2024·吉林长春·三模）① A smartphone is a phone that combines (合并) things like a phone, clock,
camera and computer into one small device (装置). It can make calls like a phone, but it can also access the
Internet. Using the Internet, smartphones can play music, take pictures and videos, and check the weather in cities
all around the world. But how did the age of smartphones begin?
②In 1992, the company IBM created the first smartphone. It was a phone that included a program for writing
notes to remember things. It also had a program for showing people dates and times of planned events. This early
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smartphone could send emails as well. However, this phone never became very popular. For one thing, it was too
expensive for many people.
③Other companies then started to work on new phone technology. Companies such as Nokia and Ericsson
next introduced their smartphones to the market. In fact, it was the Ericsson company that created the word
“smartphone” in 1997. However, these smartphones also achieved little success.
④In 1999, the Blackberry was introduced. This was the first smartphone that was widely used by phone
users. The Blackberry was a phone with a keyboard that made it easy to use the Internet and send text messages and
emails. The Blackberry was popular with people working in business or in technology. But common phone users
still didn’t buy many of them.
⑤In 2007, Apple introduced the iPhone. Not long after that, in 2008, Google introduced the Android phone
to the world. These new smartphones from Apple and Google were marketed to all phone users. The goal was to
make the smartphone easy to use and something everyone would want. Just as hoped, less than 10 years later, there
were over 2 billion smartphone users. Not only is it safe to say that smartphones are taking over the world, but there
will soon be a time when people can’t remember when phones only made calls.
1. What does the underlined word access probably mean in the passage?
A. connect to B. take in C. check out D. turn off
2. Which is NOT the advantage of the first smartphone?
A. It helped people remember things by writing notes with a program.
B. It could show people dates and times of planned events.
C. People could send emails with it.
D. It didn’t cost people too much.
3. Which company invented the word “smartphone”?
A. Nokia. B. Ericsson. C. Blackberry. D. Apple.
4. Which of the following best shows the structure (结构) of the passage?
A. B. C. D.
5. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The inventors of smartphones. B. The development of smartphones.
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C. The future of smartphones. D. The popularity of smartphones.
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