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关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载 类型解读力 第一部分 阅读语篇类型分析策略 【类型1：记叙文】 【类型概述】 1.记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来,描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。 消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体,都属于记叙文的范 畴。 2.就写作顺序而言,记叙文要么是按时间顺序,要么是按事件的重要性的顺序来展开。不 管是哪种叙述方法,最后通常会有一两句话抒发作者的情绪与感悟。这是记叙文的精华所在, 也是阅读的难点所在,可谓“一篇之妙,在于落句”。 3.记叙文具有以下几个特点: ①同一人物重复出现,以人物关系为发展主线; ②有不同时间点分布,以时间为发展顺序; ③生词少,句子短; ④最终给读者一定的道理和启迪。 【命题趋势】 1.从命题形式上看,常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等 题型。 (1)除了推论和词义猜测题,记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺 序层层推进,否则就会觉得别扭,逻辑不通。 (2)记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑,一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解。 因此,我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。 (3)其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目,则取决于文章的落句,集中考查考生对作者 所发的感触和理解。 2.英语阅读记叙文主要考查的类型:(1)故事叙述 (2)成功经历 (3)态度转变 (4)人性关怀 (5)职业生涯 (6)人物影响 (7)情感抒发 (8)教育理念 【突破策略】 1.记叙文的答题误区 记叙文阅读理解题的易错点往往在多个事件的先后顺序与人物的情感态度上。 (1)解题时,一方面要依据文章的顺序和故事的发展弄清一系列事件的先后顺序以及它们 学1科网（北京）股份有限公司关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载 之间的逻辑关系,必要时可以对时间和事件进行排序; (2)另一方面,还要根据人物的处境和描写、记叙时所用的特定词语来准确把握人物的情 感与态度,做到入情入境,尤其要留意描写和记叙时所用的形容词和副词。 2.记叙文的阅读策略 (1)首先要通读全文,理清六要素和记叙的顺序,特别要注意文章中所提到的多个时间、 地点和人物,理清事件的起因、经过和结果;然后阅读题干,在文章中查找相关的信息;最后根 据查找到的相关信息作出正确的选择。 (2)如果文中所涉及的人物较多,还要理清人物之间的关系。 【分析步骤】 第一步:分析题干(找出所有问题并预览全文); 第二步:通读全文同时解出细节题(不可跳过文章中任何一处信息); 第三步:把握中心,解出剩余题。 解题注意事项: 1.必须通读全文,不可遗漏任何信息,每一段落相互关联; 2.文章结尾处通常是主旨所在处,必须精读; 3.注意文章中的各种人物关系(主要人物关系/次要人物关系)。 【策略示例】 1.记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节,包括5W(what、who、when、where、why) 要素。因此作答细节理解题的时候,就没有那么复杂,一般只需要从前到后,从上到下,一题一 题地做就可以了。 例：Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes.To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest? A.By teaming up with other photographers. B.By shooting in the countryside or state parks. C.By studying the geographical conditions. D.By creating settings in the corn fields. [解答分析] 学2科网（北京）股份有限公司关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载 第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。 关键词:deal with the challenge、in the Midwest 第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。 定位原文信息:I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.(我倾向于和几个朋友一起去州立公园或乡 村探险并沿途拍照) 比对选项信息:作为一名中西部的风景摄影师,作者应对挑战的方式是去乡村或州立公园 拍照。故选 B 。 2.在做推理判断题的过程中,我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。 这时我们需要认真研究问题,抓住题干中的关键词语,然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句, 或是疑似语句的位置,接着去左顾,或右盼,在前句或后句中寻找线索。 例：She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd.From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays.A day’s work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money.She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house.It took weeks and it was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.” Why did Terri’s grandfather give her ￡5 a day? A.For a birthday gift. B.As a treat for her work. C.To support her DIY projects. D.To encourage her to take up a hobby. [解答分析] 第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。 关键词:Terri’s grandfather give her ￡5 第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。 定位原文信息: A day’s work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money.(一天的工作得到了5 英镑零花钱的奖励。) It took weeks and it was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.(这项工作 花了几个星期的时间,是一项辛苦的工作,但我知道他为我的技能感到骄傲。) 根据关键信息推理:Terri的祖父每天给她5英镑是对她工作的鼓励。故选 B 。 3.主旨大意题或作者意图题,不可被题干的表象所迷惑,要像剥洋葱一样,一层一层地剥; 在四个选项中,一个一个地去证实,去排除。特别是在解答推论或暗指类的题目时,比如 “What can be inferred from...?”“What does the author imply in...?”等,文中所陈述的往往不是 答案。我们要在关键句的前后文中去查找,在字里行间去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生 学3科网（北京）股份有限公司关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载 活经验和常识来体会这言外之意。 例：Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools... Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores.“The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says... ... She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition.Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues... What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Rescuing School Gardens B.Experiencing Country Life C.Growing Vegetable Lovers D.Changing Local Landscape [解答分析] 第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。 关键词:a suitable title 第二步:寻读文章,找出主题句,概括文意,选出答案。 根据第一段以及下文内容可知,为了培养学生的科学技能、环保意识以及养成健康的生活 方式, Abby Jaramillo和另外一位老师在低收入学校发起Urban Sprouts菜园项目,这个项目 让学生体验菜园生活,对学生影响深远。故选 B 。 4.记叙文的阅读题,都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你没见过的,或者 说你只是认识,但在文中却另有新义。它们考查的是你对整篇文章或者一个段落的整体把握 和变通能力。 例：Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel.Throughout her career(职业)as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2? 学4科网（北京）股份有限公司关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载 A.Try challenging things. B.Take a degree. C.Bring back lost memories. D.Stick to a promise. [解答分析] 第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。 关键词:“take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2 第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。 定位原文信息:Throughout her career as a professional dancer,she toured in the UK,but always longed to explore further.When she retired...take the plunge.在她的舞蹈演员职业生涯中,她曾 在英国巡演,但一直渴望进一步探索。在她不再跳舞且她的儿子们最终成家立业后,她决定 是时候冒险了。 带入分析,得出正确答案:当她不再跳舞,她的儿子们最终都离开了家,她决定是时候冒险一 试了。据此可知,take the plunge意为“尝试具有挑战性的事情”。故选 A 。 【类型2：说明文】 【类型概述】 1.说明文是对事物或事理进行客观说明的一种文体。它以说明为主要表达方式,通过解 说事物或阐明事理,达到教人知识的目的。 2.说明文在结构上往往采用总分、递进等方式按一定的顺序(如时间、空间、从现象到 本质)进行说明。 3.说明文的特点是客观、简练,语言准确、明了,文章很少表达作者的感情倾向。 4.阅读说明文的重点在于读懂它说明的事物或事理,了解事物的性质、构造、成因、功 能等,了解事理的含义、特点等。 【选项特征】 1.正确选项的特征 (1)是对原文中某一短语或句子的转换说法,一定要对照原文,做出正确理解。 (2)说明文多出现标题归纳题,考查考生对全文的理解,它常用设问方式,解题时应特别注 意,多以How do/does...defend themselves(itself)等为标题。 (3)生词词义猜测题常以 What does the underlined word mean?或What is the meaning of the underlined word?为设问方式考查对生词词义的判断。解题时一定要认真阅读原文,分析 原文对自然奥秘、动植物生存特点、产品工艺原理是如何解释、如何定义的,并在此基础上 抽象概括出生词词义。 2.干扰选项的特征 (1)断章取义,只是片面的理解很容易出现偏差。 学5科网（北京）股份有限公司关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载 (2)会出现比较多的生词,一定要理解上下句的句意。 【解题策略】 1.细读重点。重点,就原文而言,就是文章的基本结构、内容和态度;就答题而言,就是问 题所对应的题源句。以这个标准来衡量,需要重点阅读的原文词句就不会很多。 (1)宏观方面:文章结构;文章主题句;各段首末句;体现作者观点态度的词句。 (2)微观方面:有转折处;重要标点;句子主干。 2.有选择地略读或跳读。在快速浏览题干,初步把握文章大意及结构的基础上,可大胆进 行略读或跳读,这样不但可以加快阅读速度,还更容易从总体上把握全文。在阅读中可略读或 跳读的内容包括: (1)繁琐的例证:为了说明问题,作者可能会借用形象的例子,有时候会比较繁琐,虽能说明 问题,但读者需要花很多时间去阅读。如果例子所说明的问题不明了,可通过详读来理解;若 例子所说明的问题比较明了,则例子部分可一带而过。 (2)多项列举:有时许多功能相同的项目列举,那么只需读其中一两项即可,无需全读。 (3)无关大局的生僻词汇:阅读中经常会遇到一些生词,如果这些生词对理解全文没有影 响或影响不大就可略过。 (4)较长的人名、地名:有许多较长的表示人名、地名等的专有名词,阅读时可一扫而过 或干脆用其首字母代替,不必试图把整个专有名词读出来。 在略读过程中,要特别注意对解题有重要意义的词、句、段等,并将其储存在大脑里,以 免回头再查看时费时费力。 【策略示例】 1.细节理解题 说明文通常突出介绍事件的过程、步骤和方法,同时通过具体的事例、数字、定义或图 表等加以说明,所以该文体中的细节理解题常常和这些过程、步骤、方法、事例、数字、定 义、图表等相关。考生解题时一定要准确地理解这些事实细节,进而做好相关的细节理解题。 例：I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World.It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book.It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学). Who opened the door to philosophy for the author? A.Foucault. B.Eric Weiner. C.Jostein Gaarder. 学6科网（北京）股份有限公司关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载 D.A college teacher. [解答分析] 第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。 关键词:Who、opened the door to philosophy 第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。 定位原文信息:I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World...It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy.(我13岁的时候,一个叔叔给 了我一本Jostein Gaarder的《索菲的世界》……它对我说话,把我带入一个哲学的世界) 比对选项信息:Jostein Gaarder为作者打开了通往哲学的大门。故选 C 。 2.主旨大意题 说明文中的主旨大意题通常会考查作者的写作目的、文章主题思想、段落大意、阅读 人群、文章出处等。因此,考生需要根据文章或段落的主题句、作者说明的主要内容等信息 确定和主旨大意相关的选项,从而做出正确的选择。 例：This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same.Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate.When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate.If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out.In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A.The methods of estimation. B.The underlying logic of the effect. C.The causes of people’s errors. D.The design of Galton’s experiment. [解答分析] 第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。 关键词:Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about 第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。 定位原文信息:This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors,...people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.(这种效应利用了 这样一个事实,即当人们犯错误时,这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估,有些人 会低估。当这些错误多到能被平均时,它们会相互抵消,从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似 的人倾向于犯同样的错误,那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说,群众的智 慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果出于任何原因,人们的错误变得相关或相互依赖,估计的 学7科网（北京）股份有限公司关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载 准确性就会下降) 进一步辨别:该段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的,各不相同的错误平均在一起,相互 抵消就会产生更准确的估计,同时讨论了独立估计的平均值如何由于误差的消除而产生更 准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的潜在逻辑。故选 B 。 3.标题归纳题 科普说明文多出现标题归纳题,考查考生对全文的理解,它常以What would be the best title for this passage?/What can be a suitable title for the text?等为设问方式,文章标题可以是单 词、短语,也可以是句子,它的特点是:短小精悍,多为短语;涵盖性强,一般要求能覆盖全文,其 确定的范围要恰当,既不能太大,也不能太小;精确性强,不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。 作答时需要理解文章后归纳文章主旨。 例：Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage.In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it.The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from.Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A.Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B.Cockatoos: Independent Learners C.Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D.Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters [解答分析] 第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。 关键词:a suitable title 第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。 定位原文信息:Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.(戈芬凤头 鹦鹉是一种原产于澳大拉西亚的小鹦鹉,已经被证明具有与人类两岁孩子相似的形状识别 能力) 总结主旨,选出最佳标题:根据定位的原文信息,结合全文可知,本文主要说明了戈芬凤头鹦 鹉有着同人类相似的形状识别能力,能够使用工具识别物体的形状,故选 D 。 4.推理判断题 为了考查考生的逻辑推理判断能力,说明文中的推理判断题通常要求考生推断出事件发 展过程和步骤的重要环节以及作者使用举例和对比等写作手法的具体目的等。这时,考生需 学8科网（北京）股份有限公司关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载 要联系文章的主题思想对推理判断题加以突破。 例：It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way.There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges.It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking. Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV? A.Authoritative. B.Creative. C.Profitable. D.Influential. [解答分析] 第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。 关键词:describes cookery programmes on British TV 第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。 定位原文信息:It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.(正是由于电视上的这些大厨,而不是凭借广告宣传活动, 英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐,在烹饪习惯上变得更加冒险) It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.(似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法) 辨别推断:英国的烹饪节目能够改变英国人对烹饪的看法,尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来, 尝试新的烹饪习惯,由此推知英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影响力。故选 D 。 5.生词词义或句意猜测题 科普说明文往往揭示自然奥秘、动植物生存特点及产品工艺原理,易出现一些学术性较 强的生词,因此常出现生词词义猜测题,这种试题常以What does the underlined word mean?或 What is the meaning of the underlined word?等为设问方式考查考生对生词词义的判断。词义 猜测题的设置通常和定义、概念、举例等有关,这有助于对词汇的理解,解题时考生要注意捕 捉这些信息,正确理解相关词汇的意思。 例：(第三段)Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter.This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. 学9科网（北京）股份有限公司关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载 29.What does the underlined word “declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean? A.Clear-up. B.Add-on. C.Check-in. D.Take-over. [解答分析] 第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。 关键词:“declutter”、Paragraph 3、mean 第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。 定位原文信息:This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.(这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动) 带入辨别,选出正确答案:画线词所在的句子是说,作者将采取的策略之一是:远离数字网 络。画线词与clear-up近义,故选 A 。 6.篇章结构题 对文章组织结构的考查不外乎两个层次。一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构;二是 按写作手法(论证方法)理解文章的结构。为突出主题,作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织 文章,通过举例、比较、类比等手法来阐明主题观点。这类题型最常见的提问方式有以下几 种: ①The example of...in Para. ...is used to illustrate/show______. ②Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? 例：Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated.From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader.To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined.And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader? A.The printed book is not totally out of date. B.Technology has changed the way we read. C.Our lives in the 21st century are networked. D.People now rarely have the patience to read. [解答分析] 第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。 关键词:want to say、by mentioning the e-reader 学1科网（北京0）股份有限公司关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载 第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。 定位原文信息:Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated.(交流技术的不断发展一度被认为会使印刷书籍过时)和it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader(它和电子阅读器一样有互动性) 带入辨别,选出正确答案:作者提到电子阅读器,想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故 选 A 。 【类型3：议论文】 【类型概述】 1.文体特点:议论文观点明确、论据充分、语言精练、论证合理、有严密的逻辑性。 2.结构特点:通常采用三段论式的结构,即“提出问题(引论)——分析问题(本论)——解决问 题(结论)”。由此可见,要理解议论文有两个关键点,一是要弄清文章的论点是什么、采用了 哪些论据、如何论证;二是要理清其基本结构——三段论式结构。 【命题趋势】 议论文是英语阅读理解中的重要文体,而且议论文中涉及的长句难句比较多,这就增加了 阅读理解的难度。议论文体裁类文章的写法:提出论点或提出问题,分析问题,解决问题,给出 理由(证据),再重申论点。 【题型特点】 议论文的内容涵盖文化、历史、科学和教育等各个方面。在这类体裁的文章中把握好 论点、论据和论证很重要。此类体裁的文章中有关主旨大意和推理判断的题目会较多,这也 是得分比较难的题型。在阅读这类文章的时候,我们要认真把握作者的态度,领悟弦外之音, 从而更好地依据文章的事实做出合理的推断。 【选项特征】 1.正确选项的特征 (1)一般按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的结构写作。作者一般从日常生活中的热点 问题、社会上的重大问题入手,即提出问题;然后,分析利弊,举例说明,推理判断,即分析问题; 最后,阐述观点,提出办法,即解决问题。 (2)以作者的观点或情感为核心,对细节推理等方面进行考查。 (3)文章的主题一般是生活中的热点问题、重大问题等。 2.干扰选项的特征 (1)可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。 (2)可能是根据文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。 (3)可能是非文章事实的主观臆断。 【解题策略】 学1科网（北京1）股份有限公司关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载 1.通常来说,议论文会采用三段论式结构。 ①首段会通过一个故事或对某种现象的描述来引入话题,明确论点; ②接下来是文章的主体部分,会用两个或两个以上的段落引用事实或理论论据进行论证,常用 的论证方法有举例、引用和对比。这一部分要注意作者所选用的论据,它们往往与细节理解 题的考查点相对应,同时还要留意论证的方法; ③文章的最后一段是结论部分,要弄清作者最后得出了什么结论。 2.考生要在通读全文并了解文章的结构和内容后再阅读试题,到文章中去找相对应的信息,比 如事实、观点、作者真正的意图和结论等。 【策略示例】 议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。论点是议论文的核心,是文章要表达的主要 思想内容;论据是作者所引用的用来证明和支持论点的材料,这些材料可以是名人名言、事实 例证、统计数据等。只要是对证明论点有利的材料都可作为论据使用;确定论点和论据后,作 者还需要将这些论据合理地组织在一起,就是我们所说的论证。 例：Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t.The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals.From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day.From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield(盾)dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot.If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2? A.His report was scientific. B.He represented the local people. C.He ruled over Botany Bay. D.His record was one-sided. [解答分析] 第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。 关键词:indicate、Captain Cook in paragraph 2 第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。 定位原文信息:Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. (理想情况下,历史 学1科网（北京2）股份有限公司关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载 应该将文本和物品结合在一起,本书的某些章节能够做到那一点,但在许多情况下,我们根 本做不到) From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day.From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot.(从英国方面来看,我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕 的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看,我们只有一个木制盾牌,这是一名男子在第一次经历 枪击后在飞行中扔下的) 比对选项信息:作者举这个例子是为了论证船长的记录是片面的,只从自己的角度描述了 问题。故选 D 。 第二部分 综合运用巩固 1 Naiman died of cancer at age 63 last January. The man from the American state of Washington gave most of his money, $11 million, to groups that help the poor, sick, disabled and abandoned children. The large amount of his money surprised the organizations that received his gifts and even his best friends. That is because Naiman had been known to repair his own shoes with duct tape (胶带). He had bought some cheap food from grocery stores at closing time and taken friends out to lunch at low cost restaurants. He spent little money on himself after seeing the children who suffer the most. He saved, invested and worked extra jobs to collect money. A former banker, Naiman worked for the past 20 years at the state Department of Social and Health Services. He earned $67,234 a year and also did side jobs. Sometimes, he worked as many as three at a time. He also received millions more from his parents after they died, said Shashi Karan, a friend from his banking days. He loved cars, but for most of his life, drove worn-out cars. Naiman died unmarried and childless. He loved children. He left $2.5 million to the Pediatric Interim Care Center in Washington. The center is a private organization that cares for babies born to mothers who abused drugs and children with drug dependency. The center used the money to pay off its mortgage (贷款) and buy a new bus to transport the children. Naiman gave $900,000 to the Treehouse, a foster (寄养的) care organization. He had brought children in his care to the group’s house, where children without parents can choose toys and necessities for free. Treehouse is using Naiman’s money to make it bigger. 1. To whom did he give most of his money? A. His best friends. B. His children. C. His parents. D. The groups that help the children. 学1科网（北京3）股份有限公司关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载 2. What does the second paragraph want to tell us? A. Naiman repaired his shoes. B. Naiman lived a simple life. C. Naiman often went to low cost restaurants. D. Naiman gave his money to some organizations. 3. What does the underlined word “worn-out” mean in Paragraph 4? A. Old. B. New. C. Expensive. D. Famous. 4. How much did Naiman give to the Pediatric Interim Care Center? A. $11 million. B. $67,234. C. $2.5 million. D. $900,000. 5. What is the best title for the text? A. The Treehouse B. The Pediatric Interim Care Center C. Man Worked Hard to Collect Money D. Man Leaves Money to Children’s Organizations 2 The Wallet Jenny looked at the store window. There was nothing that she wanted more than a Happy Hannah doll. It was $29.95. Unluckily, Jenny didn't even have the 95 cents. As she crossed the street, she thought about doing her brother’s housework, cleaning the floor, washing the dishes all month, but even then she would have only eleven dollars. Suddenly, something small and pink in the snow caught her eyes. Jenny walked over and picked it up from the snow. It was a beautiful wallet. She opened the wallet and found many dollars and a woman’s driver’s license Jenny put the wallet into her bag quickly. She turned around and walked back. Jenny’s heart beat fast as she entered the store. She had long dreamed about this moment, but something didn’t feel right. As she got to the Happy Hannah dolls, she pushed away her feelings. She grabbed (抓起) one and walked toward the checkout. As Jenny was waiting to pay, her mobile phone rang. Jenny looked around, startled (吓了一 跳). It was her grandma. Jenny’s heart was suddenly filled with love and warmth when she thought of her. She put the doll down and answered the phone. 学1科网（北京4）股份有限公司关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载 “Hi, Grandma? I’m going to be a little bit late tonight…Alright… I love you, too.” Jenny left the store and walked all the way to 301 West Street. The woman who answered the door looked sad. “Here, I found this in the snow,” Jenny said. “Oh, good god! This is the money for the orphanage (孤儿院)! Thank you!” After doing her brother’s housework for three months, Jenny finally got a Happy Hannah doll. She was so happy because she could play with her doll and look her grandma in the eye. 6. How did Jenny feel when she thought of her grandma? A. Moved. B. Warm. C. Nervous. D. Surprised. 7. Why did Jenny go to 301 West Street? A. To find a toy store. B. To return the money. C. To visit the orphanage. D. To look after the woman. 8. What did Jenny do to get the doll? A. She asked her grandma for help. B. She took some money from the woman. C. She did her brother’s housework for three months. D. She cleaned the floor in the store for all month. 3 A TV series(电视剧) in England，Away from it all，has surprised everyone by becoming a success with young people across the country. Its success is surprising because the series is about the relaxing lifestyles of people who live in the country. There is none of the action that we usually see on TV today. There are also no stressful moments, busy offices or crowded cities. Away from it all is set in the peaceful English countryside and tells simple stories about people’s kindness. The director(导演) of the TV series says that its success is a sign of teenagers suffering from(遭受) stress. They say that watching Away from it all helps teenagers forget about the pressures of exams and homework, and the troubles that fill the world today. They also say that it’s a good sign of today’s young people turning to happier TV series as it shows they want a happier and healthier world. 学1科网（北京5）股份有限公司关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载 Although the series’ success might have a good side, many teachers and parents are worried, however. They say that some of their students and children spend more time before TV and are using Away from it all as an excuse for not finishing homework. Some children have even refused to learn for exams because they say that they can only get personal happiness by avoiding stressful situations. And what do the experts say? Paula Ray, a doctor of education, says that TV can influence children’s lifestyles. But she says that if a child reacts(反应) strongly, it’s likely that there are other reasons for his change in behaviour(行为). She says that there is nothing wrong with watching Away from it all but suggests that parents should let their children know TV is not the same as real life. 9. The success of the new TV series is surprising because__________. A. it is about the English countryside B. it is the same as other successful TV series C. it is different from other successful TV series D. it is about life in busy cities 10. The director of Away from it all believes that the series helps young people deal with__________. A. stress B. homework C. busy life D. exams 11. The success of the series shows that young people would like__________. A. a world with no homework B. English TV series C. a happier and healthier world D. relaxing jobs 12. __________ are worried about the effects of the series. A. Teachers and parents. B. Teachers and experts. C. Experts and teenagers. D. Young people and parents. 4 I took a trip to Ireland last weekend with my family. I didn’t enjoy the trip because a lot of bad things happened. First, my brother forgot his passport (护照), and we missed our plane to Dublin. Mom was angry and blamed him. Luckily, there was another plane and we got on that one. 学1科网（北京6）股份有限公司关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载 When we picked up our luggage (行李) in Dublin, my mother’s big bag wasn’t there. The airline company (航空公司) said they would try to look for it. Then we took a bus to the camping place. We arrived late on Saturday evening, and we were very tired. We put up our tents in the dark, but in the middle of the night my tent fell down. I had to sleep in my sleeping bag. The next day we went on a boat trip to an island (岛). The trip took two hours. When we arrived, it started to rain, so we sat in a café (咖啡厅) all morning, and then we took a boat back. It wasn’t much fun! I was really pleased to get home. 13. How did they go to Dublin? A. By bus. B. By taxi. C. By plane. D. By boat. 14. When they got to Dublin, ________ A. it started to rain B. Mother’s bag was lost C. they got on the wrong bus D. they couldn’t find the camping place 15. When did they go to the island? A. On Saturday morning. B. On Saturday afternoon. C. On Sunday morning. D. On Sunday afternoon. 16. What is the best title for the passage? A. A terrible trip B. A happy weekend C. My funny parents D. My trip to an island 5 Tea Cottage Wants You! Tea Cottage is the best Chinese restaurant in town. We are now looking for some people interested in working with us. *2 Cooks At least two years' work experience in a restaurant kitchen Good at making Chinese dishes Able to work on weekends Working time: 16:00-21:00 every day ($600/week) *3 Waiters/Waitresses At least one year's work experience in cafes or restaurants Welcome part-timers Working time: 11:00-15:00 or 16:00-21:00 学1科网（北京7）股份有限公司关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载 ($16/hour) *2 Cleaners Don't need experience Welcome part-timers Wash dishes; clean the kitchen Working time: 12:00-15:00 or 17:00-22:00 ($12/hour) *We are also looking for singers and bands for Wednesday nights! Call 213-333-6789. 17. If you want to be a cook in Tea Cottage, you need to________. A. have at least one year`s work experience before B. work every day C. be good at making all kinds of dishes D. work from 11:00 to 15:00 every day 18. If Lisa gets a job as waitress, she may earn________ every day. A. $64 B. $144 C. $16 D. $32 19. If Tom doesn't have enough time to work every day, he can work as________. A. a waiter or a cook. B. a waiter or a cleaner C. a cook or a cleaner D. a cook, a waiter or a cleaner 6 Guang Hua Community ActivitiesThe Dragon Boat Festival is coming along with Children’s Day. Our community is going to hold some parent-child activities to celebrate the two festivals. Come and make zongzi with your child! Each child will get a gift if they tell a story about the Dragon Boat Festival. Families with children under 14 are welcome. Welcome to take part in our community activities! Time: 9:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m, Saturday, May 29 Place: the community service center Price for a family:￥28 For questions or more information, call us at 415-3778. 20. The purpose of the community activities is to ________. A. eat zongzi B. get a gift C. celebrate Children’s Day D. celebrate the two festivals 学1科网（北京8）股份有限公司关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载 21. How can a child get a gift? A. By making zongzi. B. By telling a story. C. By playing games. D. By singing a song. 22. How long will the activities last(持续)? A. Half an hour. B. One hour. C. Two hours. D. Three hours. 23. If you want to know more information, you can ________. A. make a call B. go online C. write a letter D. send an email 7 Almost everyone likes dogs, and almost everyone likes to read about dogs. I have a friend. He has a big police dog with the name Jack. Police dogs are very clever. Every Sunday afternoon my friend takes Jack for a long walk in the park. Jack likes these long walks very much. One Sunday afternoon a young man came to visit my friend. He stayed a long time. He talked and talked. Soon it was time for my friend to take Jack for a walk. But the visitor still stayed. Jack became much worried. He walked around the room several times and then sat down in front of the visitor and looked at him. But the visitor paid no attention to Jack. He went on talking. At last Jack got angry. He went out of the room and came back a few minutes later. He sat down again in front of the visitor, but this time he took the visitor’s cap in his mouth. 24. The young visitor stayed a long time in my friend’s house, didn’t he? A. Yes, he was. B. Yes, he did. C. No, he wasn’t. D. No, he didn’t. 25. Jack became worried because _______ . A. he wanted to go out for a walk. B. he wanted to play with him C. he didn’t know the young man D. he wanted to eat something 26. The visitor went on talking and he_______. A. paid no attention to his cap B. didn’t like Jack C. didn’t know that his cap was taken away by Jack D. paid no attention to Jack 8 学1科网（北京9）股份有限公司关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载 Laura is reading an ad(广告) in a newspaper. It is about a new Chinese restaurant in her neighborhood. Her family likes Chinese food very much, so she wants to go to the restaurant for dinner with her parents tonight. Here is the ad. Welcome to China RoseOpen（营业）: 6 hours a day (5:00 p.m.—11:00 p.m.) 7 days a week Menu: Beef noodles $ 3.99 Tomato and egg rice $ 4.99 Mutton soup $ 5.99 27. Where does Laura read the ad? A. In a notebook. B. In a restaurant. C. In a library. D. In a newspaper. 28. How long is the restaurant open a day? A. 5 hours. B. 6 hours. C. 7 hours. D. 11 hours. 29. Who does Laura want to go to the restaurant for dinner with? A. Her friend. B. Her cousin. C. Her parents. D. Her grandparents. 30. What’s the Chinese meaning of the underlined word “Menu”? A. 订单 B. 菜单 C. 安排表 D. 计划表 31. Which is TRUE according to the passage? A. The restaurant is near Laura’s house. B. The restaurant sells mutton soup for $ 4.99. C. People can’t eat in the restaurant on Sundays. D. People can eat breakfast at 8:00 a.m. in the restaurant. 9 John is fifteen now. He is a middle school student. He lives in a small village and it’s about three kilometers from his school. On weekdays John has to get up early in the morning and after a quick breakfast he goes to school. His father wants to borrow some money to buy a bike for him. However, John knows his mother is always ill and his father often spends money on medicine （药）. So he keeps walking to school. Now he’s very strong and never late for class. His teachers often praise him. 学2科网（北京0）股份有限公司关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载 Last week there was a sports meeting in his school. John ran faster than any other boy and won the boys’ 800 meters, 1,500 meters and 3,000 meters. All the students knew him. He told his grandma the good news when he got home. “I broke two school records（记录）today, Grandma,” said the boy. But the old woman wasn’t happy. She said, “I’m sorry to hear that. We have no money to pay for them, you know!” 32. From the first paragraph we know ________. A. John’s father is very strict B. John’s family is poor C. John’s mother is healthy 33. The underlined word “praise” means ________ in Chinese. A. 批评 B. 表扬 C. 羡慕 34. John ________ at the sports meeting. A. ran most slowly B. got two gold medals（金牌） C. broke two school records 35. John’s grandma wasn’t happy because she thought ________. A. John did badly in his study B. John had to pay for the records C. John should tell her earlier 36. From the passage we know John is ________. A. fourteen B. from a small town C. a good boy 10 I remembered Julie coming to the front of the classroom after class one autumn day in September 1976. While most of the other students hurriedly left to enjoy the pleasant weather or to relax at the student union, Julie remained to ask me questions about the next week’s exam. She had clearly already done some serious studying. Julie never made it to the exam. The day after our conversation, she was hit by a large truck as she rode a bike through a crossroads. I was sad to hear that Julie lay unconscious (昏迷的) in a hospital across town from our university. Nurses silently came and went from Julie’s room. Her parents stood nearby quietly. Then the doctor entered the room and said to Julie’s parents and two brothers, “Your Julie has only a few hours to live.” He continued to ask, “Would you think about donating some of Julie’s organs (器 官)?” 学2科网（北京1）股份有限公司关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载 At the same time in a neighboring city, a woman called Mary was trying to see better in her small living room. Her eyes followed every movement of her lively two-year-old baby. This mother was storing up memories when she could no longer see her child. Several cities away, a young father called John was reading to his two sons in the hospital. However, he was told to have only weeks to live. His only hope was a kidney transplant (肾脏移植). The two parents looked at each other, the doctor could see tears in their eyes. “Yes. Julie had once said she wanted to donate her organs in the event of her death. Julie always gave to others while she was alive. She would like to give in death.” Within twenty-four hours, Mary was told that she would receive one of Julie’s eyes, and John was told to start preparing for a kidney transplant. Julie’s other organs would give life to other waiting patients. “Julie died right after her twentieth birthday. Nothing could possibly be as heartbreaking as the death of your child,” says Julie’s mother. She continues, “But Julie’s life was a gift to us. Knowing that in her death, she gave the gift of life and sight to others iscomfortingto us. ” 37. Which word can best describe Julie according to Paragraph 1? A. Hard-working. B. Helpful. C. Clever. D. Selfish 38. According to the passage, we know that Julie ______. A. was a classmate of the writer’s B. was the only child of her family C. didn’t take the exam because of the accident D. died immediately at the scene of the accident 39. The underlined word “comforting ” in the last paragraph means “______”. A. 安慰的 B. 有害的 C. 有益的 D. 明智的 40. What can we learn from the passage? A. Julie’s parents didn’t allow her to donate her organs. B. Mary needed a kidney transplant to save her own life. C. Julie prepared for the exam carefully before the accident. D. John and Mary were patients in the same hospitals with Julie. 41. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. A girl’s whole life. B. A family’s sad story. 学2科网（北京2）股份有限公司关注公众号：陆陆高分冲刺 ~领取：最新版“小中高考-总复习”、最新试卷下载 C. The terrible truck accident. D. The last gift in life. 学2科网（北京3）股份有限公司