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专题 06 阅读理解之说明文
（2023·重庆·统考中考真题）
Diagram(图表) or Survey Result
①AI (artificial intelligence人工智能) and machine learning refer to the ability of machines to learn and act
intelligently. It means they can make decisions, finish tasks, and even tell the possible future results based on what
they learn from data(数据).
②AI and machine learning already play a bigger role in everyday life than you might imagine. Health care,
banking, video games, every search on the Internet you make..., all are driven by AI.
③AI is going to change almost every field of modem life. Stephen Hawking said, “Success in creating AI
would be the biggest event in human history.” And Hawking added at once, “Unluckily, it might also be the last,
unless we learn how to avoid the risks.”
④ ▲ , especially when you consider some countries are racing to develop AI-enabled autonomous
weapons(人工智能自主武器). It is also going to change and take the place of many human jobs. The same
worries also come from the public. According to the survey result from Centre for the Governance of AI, 91% of
the people (tend to and totally) agree that “AI is a technology that requires careful management” in Europe.
⑤But rather than agreeing with an idea of a helpless future where all human jobs are given over to robots,
some people believe AI will make on working lives better. It will improve the work of humans, and new jobs will
appear to take the place of the old ones.
⑥What’s more, machines become more intelligent and they are able to finish more human tasks. Things
which only belong to humans lie creativity and critical(批判性的) thinking, will become even more valuable in
the future.
⑦Like it or not, AI is here. Maybe changing ourselves and managing it well are the best way out. Just as
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Benjamin Franklin once said, “When you’re finished changing, you’re finished.”
1．Which paragraph does the diagram mainly support?
A．② B．③ C．④ D．⑤
2．Which sentence can be put in the ▲ ?
A．As we know, there are possible huge risks for society and human life
B．Also, you can find AI serving our daily life in every possible field
C．Without doubt, AI is a fantastic technology to lead us into the future
D．Humans ate surely more creative and better at many things than AI
3．What’s the purpose of writing the passage?
A．To warn us that AI will take humans’ place.
B．To show us that there are a lot of uses of AI.
C．To tell us that many people are worried about AI.
D．To suggest we prepare for the changes brought by AI.
4．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage?
A． B． C． D．
（2023·浙江丽水·统考中考真题）Seagrass, an underwater plant that grows on the ocean floor, is very
important for sea life. It also helps prevent global warming by storing carbon, a harmful gas. However, scientists
don’t know exactly how much seagrass is at the bottom of the ocean. With the help of tiger sharks, a team of
researchers has discovered the world’s largest seagrass meadow（grassland）on the seafloor near the Bahamas.
Seagrass meadows are home to many different kinds of fish, shellfish, and so on. Large sea animals, such as
sharks, also spend a lot of time there looking for food. Seagrass can grow in very deep and dark waters, making it
difficult to find. But sharks can dive deep into the water and get to the areas people cannot reach.
After noticing tiger sharks swimming through seagrass off the Bahamas, an American scientist worked with a
seagrass expert, trying to map the locations of the plants. The researchers fitted seven tiger sharks with cameras.
Since tiger sharks swim in groups, they placed satellite tracking tags（卫星跟踪器）on eight other sharks to find
out exactly where the animals swam. They collected hours of videos of the tiger sharks swimming through
seagrass.
The researchers found more seagrass growing near the Bahamas than they expected—in fact, they believe
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that there is more seagrass there than anywhere else on Earth. The new finding increased the total number of
seagrass known to exist by 41%. However, more research is needed to discover the true size of the seagrass
meadow.
Scientists often depend on findings from divers and boats to study about the underwater world, but this team
found that working with animals improved their understanding. They are now placing cameras on sea turtles to
study seagrass in the Red Sea. Hopefully, more mysteries about seagrass will be solved.
5．What are the scientists studying according to the passage?
A．Sharks. B．The Bahamas. C．Seagrass. D．The Red Sea.
6．Which italic（斜体）word has the same meaning as the underlined word “map” in Paragraph 3?
A．Is there a map of China in the classroom?
B．Amy mapped out her plans on the new project.
C．It is the West lake that really puts Hangzhou on the map.
D．The police have successfully mapped where the missing boy is.
7．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．The reason for the study. B．The method to do the research.
C．The finding of the research. D．The difficulty in carrying out the study.
8．Why does the writer write the passage?
A．To tell the importance of saving seagrass.
B．To express the strong love for tiger sharks.
C．To share a new way of doing undersea research.
D．To introduce a special project on global warming.
（2023·湖北随州·统考中考真题）
You are always told to wash your hands before you eat. You know you must wash your hands after going to
the bathroom. You should wash your hands many times during the day. Do you know how to wash your hands
correctly?
Always use soap to wash your hands. After turning on the tap (水龙头) and wetting your hands, you can
rub (摩擦) your hands with soap. Soap may not kill all the germs (细菌), but it can wash away the oil on your
skin. As the oil is washed away, the germs will leave your hands and go away.
You should wash your hands for 15-20 seconds. How do you know the length (长度) of 15-20 seconds?
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You can sing ABC Song. By the time you get to the last note, your hands will be clean!
Rub your hands together. You can use one hand to rub the back of the other hand and then exchange two
hands. You also need to rub between your fingers. Don’t forget to rub under and around your fingernails.
Maybe your hands don’t look dirty, but there are germs on them. Germs are too small for you to see. They are
on your hands all the time. Many illnesses are caused by germs, so you should often wash your hands.
9．Why does the writer mention ABC Song?
A．Because it is the most popular song in the world.
B．Because everyone can sing this song very well.
C．Because washing hands is as easy as singing ABC Song.
D．Because you can sing this song to know the length of washing hands.
10．The underlined word “note” in Paragraph 3 means “________” in Chinese.
A．音符 B．注释 C．笔记 D．便条
11．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．Using soap to wash your hands.
B．Using a clean towel (毛巾) to dry your hands.
C．Washing your hands for about 20 seconds.
D．Rubbing under and around your fingernails.
12．According to the passage, you can know ________.
A．why you should often wash hands
B．what the best soap people usually use is
C．what kind of germs there are on your hands
D．how many germs there are on your hands
13．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．How to stay healthy. B．How to protect your fingers.
C．How to wash hands correctly. D．How to keep away from germs.
（2023·河北·统考中考真题）Do you do team projects at school? I do a lot. I enjoy team projects because I
like sharing ideas with other people. Of course, team activities aren’t always easy. You need to know how to work
well together. Here are some suggestions to make team work easier.
Know the goals
Make sure everyone understands the goal of the project. If you’re doing a class project, you need to check the
teacher’s instructions carefully and ask questions whenever something isn’t clear. There’s a popular saying: If you
don’t know where you’re going, you probably won’t get there.
Assign (指派) roles
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Everyone should have a role in the team. For example, there should be a leader who helps everyone make
decisions. There might be a note-taker who writes down the team’s ideas during meetings, and a time-keeper to
control the time. There might also be a fact-checker or a group speaker.
Divide the work
For large projects, the work can be divided into smaller tasks. Then you can choose tasks that you do well or
enjoy. Of course, you shouldn’t always do the same task. It’s good to try new things, even if they’re difficult!
Make a plan
After you divide the work, write down a plan on paper. You can use a calendar to help you. List all the tasks
and think about when each one must be finished. It’s important for everyone to follow the plan. And if you can’t
finish your part on time, tell the others as soon as possible.
Try to be positive (积极的). Everything is easier when you’re enjoying yourself in the team.
14．How does the writer begin the text?
A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question.
C．By showing a saying. D．By sending a message.
15．What is the leader’s main job in the team?
A．Controlling the activity time. B．Writing down the team’s ideas.
C．Making speeches for the team. D．Helping the others make decisions.
16．What should you do after dividing the work?
A．Set a clear goal. B．Work out a plan.
C．Decide everyone’s role. D．Check the teacher’s examples.
17．What is the writer trying to do in the text?
A．Introduce the teacher’s instructions. B．Give information about smaller tasks.
C．Explain the method to do team projects. D．Describe the importance of creative ideas.
（2023·山东泰安·统考中考真题）
The movie Home Coming took the lead in the box office(票房) during the National Day holiday in 2022.
It tells a story that happened in North Africa. After a war breaks out there, two Chinese diplomats(外交官)
are ordered to help evacuate the overseas Chinese. After completing the first task successfully, they learn that
another group of Chinese citizens(公民) are still in great danger. Realizing that these people will die if they don’t
give a hand, the two men travel through the war area. They risk their lives to help over 100 Chinese citizens go to
a safe place. The movie not only shows how the two diplomats protect the people with courage, but also shows
their deep love for the country and people.
Home Coming reminds many people of a similar real event which truly happened in Libya in 2011. Chinese
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Embassy(大使馆) helped the evacuation of more than 30,000 Chinese citizens. Behind this event were many
efforts of Chinese diplomats. After watching the film, a man recalled his personal experience. “We are the lucky
ones because we have a strong country and are well protected,” he said.
Home Coming is a success partly because of the growing national pride and confidence Chinese people have
in our country. A comment(评论) reads, “Chinese passport might not get you anywhere you want, but it can
always bring you back home.”
18．The movie Home Coming is about a story that happened in ________.
A．North America B．South America C．South Africa D．North Africa
19．What does the underlined word “evacuate” mean in the second paragraph?
A．躲藏 B．逃避 C．撤离 D．评价
20．How many Chinese citizens were evacuated in the real event in 2011?
A．Over one hundred. B．Over thirty thousand.
C．Over three million. D．Over three thousand.
21．According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT right?
A．The two diplomats protect the people with courage.
B．The two diplomats love the country and people deeply.
C．We Chinese have a strong country and are well protected.
D．Chinese passport can get you anywhere you want.
（2023·湖北武汉·统考中考真题）Bert won a national prize called Young Heroes for his “green” project.
This public-spirited young person was now a university student. His love for insects grew deeper and he was
protecting them for the future.
_________. When he was around 4 or 5, he always loved to watch different insects, especially beautiful
swallowtails(凤蝶). One interesting fact he learned about swallowtails was that their bright colors warned hungry
animals that they tasted bad. And it was also fun to watch how they came into being. But the reason he really fell
in love with them was that they were very accessible. For example, if you wanted to attract (吸引) swallowtails,
you planted some zinnias, a kind of bright flowers.
Bert started a zinnia garden at his house, where he raised a large number of swallowtails over the years. With
the world’s swallowtail population falling, Bert wanted people to realize that if insects like swallowtails
disappeared, so would all the others above them on the food chain. To make the fact clear and easy to understand
for other students, he also created a zinnia garden at his junior high school.
Part of the joy for Bert was watching the younger students get excited when running after swallowtails.
“Whenever a swallowtail lands on them, the young students will soon fall in love with these cute insects. They
develop a new appreciation for them,” he said.
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Bert put his efforts into the environmental educational project and made it take flight.
22．After Bert was honored with Young Heroes, _________.
A．he often gave speeches in public
B．he set up his “green” project
C．he became interested in swallowtails
D．he went on protecting insects
23．Which of the following can be put in _________?
A．Bert saved many swallowtails
B．Bert had a dull childhood
C．Bert found his love early in life
D．Bert made a hard decision
24．The underlined word “accessible” in paragraph 2 means “_________”.
A．dangerous to feed B．easy to get close to
C．hard to raise D．safe to reach
25．The main reason for Bert to create a zinnia garden at school was _________.
A．to watch students have fun
B．to make his school more beautiful
C．to stop swallowtails from disappearing
D．to help kids learn about swallowtails
26．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．A Bright Flower B．A Flying Project C．A Green Garden D．A Warning Action
（2023·湖南永州·统考中考真题）
On June 3, the United States Fish & Wildlife Service（USFWS）announced that it would protect the
tricolored bats. The animal would be listed under the Endangered Species Act. This follows a similar
announcement, made in March, to protect the endangered northern long-eared bats. The two kinds of bats are in
danger, mainly because of an illness called white-nose syndrome（综合症）.
“Bats play such an important role in keeping a healthy ecosystem.” USFWS director Martha Williams said.
“But white-nose syndrome is destroying bats.” she added.
White-nose syndrome is caused by a fungus（真菌）. It is known to influence only bats, showing up on the
animal’s nose and wings. The fungus grows in places that are cold, dark, and wet, like caves. As it hurts a bat’s
skin, the animal’s behavior starts to change. The bat becomes more active than normal, wasting the energy it needs
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to live.
Worldwide, there are more than 1, 400 kinds of bats. Most bats are insectivores, which means they eat
insects. In a single night, bats can eat insects of “up to half their weight.” This is good news for farmers, since bats
eat insects that harm crops. According to the USFWS, the animals help U.S. farmers save more than $3 billion a
year in insect control.
Nowadays there is no treatment for white-nose syndrome. But scientists are developing ways to help bats. A
2018 study found that a special light can kill the fungus. Researchers are also testing a fungus-fighting thing that
can be placed around areas where bats live. And they’re working on a vaccine（疫苗）. Local villagers also
provide suggestions. One example: set bat boxes. The USFWS says it will announce a decision about how to list
the tricolored bats by late 2023. A decision about the northern long-eared bats is expected next month.
27．Why are the tricolored bats and the long-eared bats in danger?
A．Because of a special illness.
B．Because of their food.
C．Because of their living conditions.
28．How does the fungus kill a bat at last?
A．By changing a bat’s behavior.
B．By hurting a bat’s skin.
C．By wasting the energy a bat needs to live.
29．Why are bats helpful to farmers in the USA?
A．Because bats eat insects that harm crops.
B．Because there are more than 1, 400 kinds of bats.
C．Because bats cost them more than $3 billion each year.
30．What are the researchers doing to fight against the white-nose syndrome?
A．They are testing a special light.
B．They are working on a vaccine.
C．They are setting bat boxes.
31．What is the article mainly about?
A．A white-nose syndrome. B．Kinds of bats. C．Bats in danger.
（2023·山东滨州·统考中考真题）Do you often ask questions? Children are known for wanting answers to
many questions because curiosity (好奇心) is part of human nature. Books and TV shows often depend on
curiosity. People keep reading or watching because they want to find out what happens.
As we all know, curiosity provides many advantages. Many of history’s greatest discoveries were made by
curious people. People wondered how things worked and how work could be done more quickly. Thanks to their
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curiosity, people now know far more about the world and have useful technology to help them. Even if you don’t
plan to be an inventor or researcher, curiosity can still help you in the classroom. If you develop the curiosity of
learning, classes will become more interesting. You will be good at them because you enjoy the process of
learning. Even if you’re no longer a student, curiosity will make you an able worker.
What will you do if you’re not already curious? Luckily, curiosity is a skill that can be improved. Often, the
more you learn about a topic, the more interesting it becomes. To improve your curiosity, get information from as
many sources (来源) as possible when you learn about a topic. At the same time, read all kinds of books, watch or
listen to speeches and ask questions. Don’t always get information in the same way. Instead, learn to understand
the facts that different people know.
Don’t assume you already know everything. Instead, search for other possibilities and opinions. Remember,
everyone knows something that you don’t know. Find out what it is, and ask about it. This lets you learn
something and makes the other people happy by sharing their knowledge. Let’s try to become people who are full
of curiosity.
32．Children like to ask questions because ________.
A．they are born with natural curiosity
B．they don’t know about the human nature
C．they are known for reading and watching
D．they don’t want to find the answers by themselves
33．What can curiosity help you in the classroom?
A．It can make you cleverer than before.
B．It can make the classes easier for you.
C．It can help you enjoy the process of learning.
D．It can help you feel relaxed in the classroom.
34．Which can be helpful to improve your curiosity?
A．Reading only one kind of book.
B．Showing others your knowledge.
C．Getting information in the same way.
D．Getting information from as many sources as you can.
35．What does the underlined word “assume” mean?
A．Worry. B．Think. C．Wonder. D．Forget.
36．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Try to Be Curious B．Make Others Happy
C．Learn to Ask Questions D．Great Discoveries Made by Curious People
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（2023·江苏苏州·统考中考真题）
Confucianism (儒家思想) has been followed by Chinese people for more than two thousand years.
To help people understand how to behave towards others, Confucianism teaches the Five Constants (五常).
These are ren, yi, li, zhi and xin. They are general virtues (美德) around the world. The most important two are
ren and li.
Ren is the feeling of care and love we should have for others. Confucius explained ren could best be
understood as loving others. He is famous for teaching people “What you do not want done to yourself, do not do
to others”. It is quite similar to what is known in the West as the Golden Rule (treat others as you wish to be
treated).
While the meaning of ren is easy to understand, li is a little harder to express. It can be thought of as duty
or even respect. Generally, li is the way we should connect with people in our everyday life. In Confucian
writings, discussions about li include the proper way to drink tea and how to remember ancestors (祖先). While
ren is mostly about our opinions and feelings, li is about how we express our opinions and feelings towards
others and towards the world around us.
Perhaps the most well-known Confucian virtue is xiao. This is the duty children have to their parents. Xiao
means loving, respecting, obeying and taking care of one’s parents in their old age. In Confucianism, xiao is
important for a harmonious (和谐的) society: Without it, the whole world would fall into a mess.
37．Which are the most important of the Five Constants?
A．Ren and yi. B．Ren and li. C．Li and xin. D．Yi and zhi.
38．What is the best Chinese for the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3?
A．博学于文，约之以礼。 B．学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。
C．己所不欲，勿施于人。 D．君子和而不同，小人同而不和。
39．Which of the following is an example of li?
A．Building a peaceful society. B．Taking care of one’s children.
C．Obeying rules for drinking tea. D．Learning all through one’s life.
40．What does the passage mainly tell us about Confucianism?
A．Its general virtues. B．Its long history.
C．Its new challenges. D．Its golden rules.
（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）What would happen if you tried to blow a soap (肥皂) bubble in below-
freezing weather? Would it freeze and fall to the ground? Would you have to hit it with a stone to break it? These
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questions came into my mind one cold winter day. It was too cold to play in the snow, but it was a perfect time to
experiment with blowing frozen bubbles.
To blow frozen bubbles, I had to wait until the air outside was very cold. For this activity, that meant 10
degrees below 0 Fahrenheit or colder. I didn’t have the bubble things that come in a bottle, so I used dish-washing
soap. Adding a drop of glycerin made the soap work even better. I chose a place out of the wind, and blew bubbles
the same way I always do. I watched to see what would happen. Here’s what I learned.
If the temperature is low enough, the skin of the bubble frosts (结霜) over, becoming cloudy instead of clear.
And what about those rainbow swirls (漩涡状物体) that you see in soap bubbles? The rainbow colors stay even
(均匀的) when the bubbles frost, but they don’t spin anymore. The bubbles still float in the air. They don’t fall to
the ground any faster than they would on a warm summer day.
When these frozen bubbles break, they don’t turn into tiny drops of soap as summer bubbles do. They turn
into shiny rainbow pieces and fly slowly to the ground. Sometimes a frozen bubble will roll across the snow
without breaking. If it breaks, it may leave a strong bubble skin on the ground. Leave the bubble alone and it may
stay there for a long time.
Sometimes I could catch a bubble and hold it until the heat of my hand made it pop.
I learned one other thing about blowing frozen bubbles. It’s so much fun. I want to try it again next year!
41．How does the writer begin the passage?
A．By comparing two types of bubbles.
B．By describing the freezing cold weather.
C．By asking some questions about the subject.
D．By presenting the tools needed to do the experiment.
42．What is this passage mainly about?
A．Making soap that can work even better.
B．Making bubbles that will stay longer.
C．Inventing a new kind of soap that makes clearer bubbles.
D．Finding out what happens to bubbles in freezing temperatures.
43．According to the passage, what will happen if you blow frozen soap bubbles?
A．Cold enough, the skin of the bubbles will stay clear.
B．When the bubbles frost, the rainbow colors will spin faster.
C．A frozen bubble may roll across the snow without breaking.
D．When these frozen bubbles break, they turn into tiny drops of soap.
44．What is the best title for the passage?
A．A science club B．Broken bubbles
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C．A happy child D．Frozen bubbles
（2023·浙江杭州·统考中考真题）We all enjoy being part of a group—there’s no better work than
teamwork, right? Actually, I disagree. Teamwork can be hard. In fact, it was so difficult that I left my office job
and started working from home on my own. It’s a much better fit for me, and it has made me think about why
teamwork can make our jobs harder rather than easier.
Personalities (个性) can make teamwork difficult. There’s often someone on the team that puts their needs
first. The team often goes along with this person, whose ideas might not be the best, just the loudest. Just one
difficult personality can make teamwork hard. Combine (结合) several challenging personality types, and it’s
even harder.
Not having enough time together can also make teamwork challenging. For example, I was once on a team
where we never had enough time to meet as a group. To successfully work as a team, you need time together—
and lots of it.
A final reason teamwork is difficult is because there’s often no training on how to work on a team. You can’t
just put people in a room and expect them to work well with each other. You need to build trust with your team
members. Think of football players: They aren’t just given a ball and told to play. They practice, and they train.
Team can be hard, but working alone has its challenges, too. When my computer doesn’t work, I don’t have
an IT person to turn to. When I have a great idea, I don’t have anyone to share it with to see if it really is a great
idea. Don’t get me wrong—I still like my team of one and enjoy making all of the important decisions myself. But
now I realize what was wrong with the teamwork I did in the past and how good teamwork could be if done
correctly. And that’s useful information—because one day I might want to turn my ME TEAM into a WE TEAM.
45．Why did the writer choose to work from home on his own?
A．To keep himself busier. B．To keep himself healthier.
C．To make his job easier. D．To make his team harder.
46．Which of the following makes teamwork difficult?
A．Strong personality. B．Lots of teamwork time.C．Challenging ideas. D．Clear team roles.
47．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．WE TEAM has hardly any advantages. B．ME TEAM needs a lot of IT engineers.
C．ME TEAM has no challenges for the writer. D．WE TEAM may be the writer’s choice one day.
48．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To show the advantages of teamwork. B．To tell the importance of teamwork.
C．To introduce the influence of teamwork. D．To explain the difficulties of teamwork.
（2022·广东深圳·统考中考真题）The giant Amazon rainforest in South America has been a mystery for
centuries. It holds all kinds of natural wonders. Among them in Colombia, a river stands out as “the most beautiful
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river” in the world.
Locally called Camio Cristales, this special river lies in a national park. It is made up of several waterfalls
rapids, and plenty of pools. For most of the year, Canio Cristales looks like a common river: clean, green, and
rocky. However, during the short period between September and November, the river explodes（迸发）with life
and color. It appears as any mix of colors including blue, green, yellow, orange, and a purplish red. So it is also
known as the “River of Five Colors”.
Although at first it may appear as if some chemicals were added to the water, this rainbow river is completely
natural. Cafio Cristales’ colors are the result of a rare（稀有） water plant which needs sunlight to grow. The
plants change color depending on how much sunlight they receive, and the amount is decided by the height and
speed of the water. Therefore, it is possible for the plants to be totally colorless if the sunlight is too hard to get.
They are a delicate plant. This makes them easily damaged in the water.
Actually, the river faces some problems, including drier seasons, wildlife trouble, waste management, and
budget （预算）cuts. In 2007, the park was forced to close because it was over-crowded with tourists. Now the
park admits only 200 people a day and requires them to mind their behaviour.
Today, Cano Cristales still shines among Colombia’s most popular natural attractions, drawing thousands of
tourists every year.
49．When is the best time to visit Cafio Cristales?
A．In January. B．In March. C．In June. D．In October.
50．Why is Cano Cristales colourful?
A．A special plant lives in it. B．People add chemicals to it.
C．The water is badly polluted. D．The weather is changeable there.
51．What does the underlined word “delicate” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Special. B．Weak. C．Lively. D．Beautiful.
52．What once caused the park to be closed?
A．Too many visitors. B．The poor service. C．Too much rubbish. D．The wildlife problem.
53．What is the best title of the text?
A．How to Visit Cano Cristales
B．Natural Beauty in Colombia
C．World’s Most Beautiful River
D．Protecting the River of Five Colors
（2022·甘肃甘南·统考中考真题）
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Bing Dwen Dwen Shuey Rhon Rhon
Hello, my friends! Nice to meet you! My name is Bing Dwen Dwen. I’m the mascot(吉祥物) of the 2022
Beijing Winter Olympic Games. I’m a black and white panda. I have big eyes, a small nose and a small mouth.
My arms and legs are short. What is it on my left hand? Haha, it is a heart pattern(心形图案) to welcome friends
all over the world to come to China.
Who is that? It is my good friend, Shuey Rhon Rhon. It is the mascot of the Paralympic Winter Games(冬残
奥会). It looks like a red lantern. It has two small eyes. Its arms and legs are short, too. We are very cute.
54．Shuey Rhon Rhon is the mascot of ________.
A．the 2022 Winter Olympic Games
B．the 2022 Paralympic Winter Games
C．the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Olympic Games
55．What does Bing Dwen Dwen look like?
A．A panda. B．A mascot. C．A red lantern.
56．What color is Shuey Rhon Rhon?
A．Green. B．Black and white. C．Red.
57．Where is the heart pattern?
A．It is on Bing Dwen Dwen’s left hand.
B．It is on Bing Dwen Dwen’s right hand.
C．It is on Bing Dwen Dwen’s back.
58．What means to welcome friends all over the world to come to China?
A．Bing Dwen Dwen. B．The heart pattern. C．Shuey Rhon Rhon.
（2022·内蒙古·中考真题）In China, writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and ink tones are called the Four
Treasures of Study. Among the high-quality treasures, the writing brush produced in Huizhou, the ink stick
produced in Huizhou, the xuan paper made in Xuancheng and the ink stone made in Duanxi are the best-known.
The writing brushes can be used to draw the pictures on painted potteries(陶器). They are mainly made of the
hair of animals. Those made of wool are called yanghao and those made of the weasel’s(鼬) tail hair are called
langhao. Their artistic effects in writing and painting cannot be copied by any other pens.
The ink stick is the pigment used in writing and painting. The ink stick produced in Huizhou is of high
quality. A story goes like this: Two famous skilled men Xi Chao and his son produced a kind of high-quality ink
stick. As a result, the Emperor Li Yu in the Southern Tang Dynasty agreed to give them the family name “Li”.
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From then on, the fame of the Li Ink Stick was widespread. In the Song Dynasty, its producing area was changed
into Huizhou, and it was then called the Hui Ink Stick.
Paper is among the four great inventions in ancient China. The famous xuan paper appeared in the Sui and
Tang dynasties. In Xuanzhou, Anhui Province where the xuan paper is produced, it’s said that Cai Lun’s pupil
Kong Dan took the job of producing paper but failed to make perfect white paper. Later he happened to see the
ebony(黑檀) in the rivers. It was wet with the water and turned white. Then he used the bark to produce the world-
famous xuan paper.
The ink stone was already very popular in the Han Dynasty. The Ming and Qing dynasties saw the
appearance of the Four Famous Ink Stones-Duan Ink Stone. She Ink Stone, Tao Ink Stone and Chengni Ink Stone.
They can not only be used in writing and painting but also for admiration.
59．What are the writing brushes mainly made of?
A．The pigment. B．The animals’ tails. C．The bark. D．The hair of animals.
60．Why did Xi Chao and his son get the family name from the Emperor Li Yu?
A．Because they produced a kind of high-quality ink stick.
B．Because the fame of the ink stick was widespread.
C．Because its producing area was changed into Huizhou.
D．Because Xi Chao was the relative of the Emperor Li Yu.
61．How did Kong Dan find the way to make the famous xuan paper by accident?
A．He took the job of producing paper.
B．He appeared in Xuanzhou, Anhui Province.
C．He happened to see the ebony in the rivers and used the bark to produce the famous ruan paper.
D．He was Cai Lun’s pupil at that time.
62．When did the Four Famous Ink Stones appear?
A．The Ming and Qing dynasties. B．The Han Dynasty.
C．The Sui and Tang dynasties. D．The Song Dynasty.
63．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．The History of Potteries B．The History of the Four Treasures of Study
C．The History of the Four Famous Ink Stones D．The History of Xuan Paper
（2022·湖北荆门·统考中考真题）Founded in 1987 in Shenzhen, Huawei is a leading provider of
information and communications technology(ICT) around the world. With more than 195,000 workers, the
company runs in more than 170 countries and areas, serving more than three billion people.
As we all know, there are two operating systems(操作系统) used in smartphones, Android OS and iOS. For a
very long time, most of the smartphones have been depending on Android OS, including Huawei’s smartphones.
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Now things are changing. Huawei has been creating its own operating system—HarmonyOS or Hongmeng in
Chinese. Hongmeng is a word from the Chinese mythology(神话), symbolizing(象征) the world before
HarmonyOS was created. So it means starting from the very beginning.
First known to the public in 2019, HarmonyOS is an operating system for different devices(设备). It has
already been used in Huawei watches, laptops and so on over the years. In December 2020, a beta version(测试
版) of HarmonyOS for smartphones came out. Half a year later in June 2021, Huawei launched its self﹣
developed HarmonyOS for smartphones.
Chinese tech lovers have long been looking forward to the operating system developed by ourselves.
Industries including tourism, education, home devices and sports have also welcomed HarmonyOS.
At present, Huawei encourages people to test the system. The company expects the number of devices using
HarmonyOS to reach 300 million by the end of the year. It’s hoped that HarmonyOS will be a great mobile
ecosystem.
64．What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A．Huawei has a history of 45 years. B．There are 170,000 workers in Huawei.
C．Huawei was started in the capital city of China. D．Over three billion people are using Huawei products.
65．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to(指的是)?
A．The world. B．iOS. C．Android OS. D．HarmonyOS.
66．Paragraph 3 mainly talks about ________.
A．the development of HarmonyOS B．the efforts made by the company
C．the difficulty in developing the system D．the reasons for developing the system
67．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．The History of Huawei. B．Huawei and Its HarmonyOS.
C．HarmonyOS for Smartphones. D．Different Kinds of Operating Systems.
（2021·四川巴中·统考中考真题）Three-two-one, fire!
At the moment of 9:43 a. m. on Tuesday, June 23rd, 2020, at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center（卫星发
射中心） in Sichuan Province, the last satellite of the third-generation network（第三代导航系统）was sent
into space. It is the 55th member in the family of Beidou. It belongs to China’s Beidou Navigation Satellite
System（BDS北斗卫星导航系统）.
So far, 59 satellites, including the first four test ones, have been launched from Xichang. With the
development of China, we have already owned three other famous satellite launch centers-Jiuquan, Taiyuan and
Wenchang.
After a period of tests in space, this new satellite has started to work with other Beidou satellites together. It
is designed to work for at least 12 years. So far, China has completed the third-generation network of China’s
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BDS. It was a new milestone in the nation’s research work. The launch showed our country has completed our
largest space-based system. It’s one of four global（全球的）navigation networks, including the United States’
GPS, Russia’s GLONASS and the European Union’s Galileo.
BDS has been widely used as public resources（资源）in our daily life. It has been shared by the whole
world. It will provide more services around the world. BDS is the common wealth of the development of human
beings.
68．How many satellites are there in the family of Beidou?
A．4. B．59. C．114. D．12.
69．Where did China launch the last satellite of the third-generation network?
A．Wenchang. B．Jiuquan. C．Taiyuan. D．Xichang.
70．GPS belongs to ________.
A．China B．the European UnionC．the United States D．Russia
71．What does the underlined word “milestone” mean in Chinese?
A．项目. B．事业. C．位置. D．里程碑.
72．According to the passage, we can know that ________.
A．BDS is shared only by China as public resources
B．the last satellite BDS was launched on Tuesday, June 23, 2021
C．China has completed the third-generation network of China’s BDS
D．this new satellite is designed to work for at most 12 years
（2023·江苏无锡·江苏省锡山高级中学实验学校校考一模）
Back in Brisbane, Australia, for the Christmas break, I found myself in a public transport dead zone.
Bikeless, 7 kilometers from where I was meeting friends and unwilling to get a taxi, I decided to borrow an
electric scooter. The trip took far longer than it would have by bike, mainly because of a major spill halfway
there. A rock, hit at speed, is a terrible thing: weeks later, I still had the red knees of a primary schooler.
In the UK, they are legal (合法的) only on private land, but the Department for Transport is discussing how
to control them on public roads and pathways, with the possibility for legalization later this year. Other cities that
have e-scooter rental programs have had problems in the early period. In Paris, Mayor Anne Hidalgo described the
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situation last year as messy. She has announced that the city is reducing its number of e-scooters to 15,000 and
plans to create laws forbidding them from pavements (人行道). France has put into force laws limiting e-scooter
speeds to 25 kilometres per hour.
Similar to dockless (无桩的) hire bicycles, e-scooters are parked on pavements and people leave them up
trees or throw them into rivers. Wild treatment shortens their lifetime, which is bad for both profitability (盈利)
and the environment. Analysis suggests that the average e-scooter’s lifetime is just three months.
I think e-scooters are an basic part of the effort to make city transport greener. They are seen as a key to the
“last mile” problem—a potential way to reduce transport jam by rapidly getting someone to their final goal. Cars
can take up 28 times the space of a person riding a bicycle. As far as the environmental effect goes, recent
research suggests that e-scooters are not as green as walking or cycling, but they are still better than cars. And
though there are still many reports of serious accidents, scooting is about as safe as cycling. Stephen Gossling at
Lund University in Sweden has suggested we build car-free “micromobility” streets, where cyclists, pedestrians
(行人) and e-scooters could share the road. He thinks this will reduce accident risks and invite more vulnerable
(易受伤害的) traffic participants, such as children, to become active transport users. If more e-scooters mean
fewer cars on roads, an improvement in local air quality is also a likely result. When 20 kilometers of roads in
central London closed for World Car-Free Day last September, the air quality was greatly improved according to
the report.
1．What does the underlined part “a major spill” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．A serious fall. B．A sudden illness. C．A legal reaction. D．A terrible breakdown.
2．What do we know about e-scooters in Paris?
A．They are illegal on pavements. B．They are already out of fashion.
C．They are facing more limits. D．They are more common on private land.
3．What is the writer’s opinion of e-scooters?
A．They are not as safe as cycling. B．They always cause the traffic jams.
C．They are as green as cycling or walking. D．They play a big role in the “last mile” problem.
4．What is Stephen Gossling’s suggestion?
A．To set up more care-free days. B．To invite more cyclists to use e-scooters.
C．To get vulnerable pedestrians off the road. D．To separate cars from e-scooters on the road.
（2023·浙江温州·校联考一模）
Sweden produces about 4. 4 million tons of waste a year, but only 1% makes its way to the landfill. When it
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comes to waste management, Sweden is ahead of its time. How has Sweden done it?
In Sweden, everyone works hard to make the environment free of waste. People are taught to recycle from a
very young age. They are asked to return cans and bottles to supermarkets. The government places recycling
stations no more than 300 meters from homes, schools, and offices. These all help waste management in Sweden
much easier and more practical.
The country also rewards those who recycle. In 1984, Sweden started the panta system. It encourages people
to recycle bottles in exchange for money. The process is very simple. People put their items into a machine. Each
piece has a small barcode that tells the machine how much it is worth. People can collect a voucher for that
amount by pressing a green button, or they can donate the money to charity by pressing a yellow button. In 2021,
the Swedish recycled 1.8 billion bottles and cans by using panta system.
Sweden recycles nearly 50% of what it throws away. But what about the other half? ________ Altogether
Sweden has 34 waste-to-energy plants that provide 1, 445, 000 homes with heat and 780, 000 homes with
electricity. Changing waste into energy has reduced Sweden’s CO emissions by 2.2 million tons a year. In 2016,
2
Sweden had started running out of trash, so it began importing waste from other countries. It not only keeps the
plants working, but also lets Sweden make much money. That is what makes Sweden different from the other
countries.
Sweden’s waste management has made a great success. But still, the country is wondering how it can do
more. They hope to see a day when landfills are a thing of the past.
5．The word “These” in Para. 2 refers to the ________ that help to recycle the waste.
A．plans B．meanings C．actions D．reasons
6．In the panta system, people can ________.
A．find recycling stations easily B．sell bottles to supermarkets
C．change the waste into energy D．get rewards from machines
7．Which of the following can be best filled in the ________ in Para. 4?
A．This waste is recycled by Swedish at home.
B．This waste goes to landfills and is burnt there.
C．This waste is put into machines and is sold abroad.
D．This waste goes to plants and is changed into energy.
8．The purpose of this passage is to ________.
A．celebrate the success of waste recycling in Sweden
B．advise other countries to ask for help from Sweden
C．introduce the Swedish method of waste management
D．show Sweden earns much money by recycling waste
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（2023·山东日照·校考一模）TOKYO, JAPAN — What do you do when you see a cockroach (蟑螂)? Do
you hit it with a newspaper? Do you step on it?
When researchers at Tokyo University see a cockroach, they take the remote control and make the cockroach
turn around, run left or right, or go forward. These scientists are changing the cockroaches into robots. Each
cockroach has a very small packet that has in it a microprocessor(微处理器). Then researchers can send signals
from the remote control to the packet. The signals control the movements of the cockroaches.
Why does anyone want to control a cockroach? “Insects can do many things that people can’t,” says Isao
Shimoyama, head of robot research at Tokyo University. In a few years, he says, these robot insects will carry
very small cameras. They will be able to move through earthquake rubble(瓦砾) to look for people or move under
doors to find information about someone.
This may seem strange, but the Japanese government thinks the research is very important. The government
is giving the scientists $ 5 million for this research.
First, the researchers breed (培育) hundreds of cockroaches. They use only the American cockroach because
it is bigger and stronger than other cockroaches. Then they choose the best cockroaches and remove their wings
and antennae(触须). They put small packs where the antennae were. The packs weigh about three grams, or about
two times the weight of the cockroaches themselves. “Cockroaches are very strong,” says Ralph Holzer, who is a
researcher at Tokyo University. “They can lift 20 times their own weight.”
With a remote control, the scientists send signals to the packs. When a cockroach gets the signal, it moves.
The problem is that the cockroaches don’t always move in the right direction.
9．The scientists are changing the cockroaches into robots because ________.
A．they want cockroaches to do things people can’t in the future
B．they want to control the movements of the cockroaches
C．they want cockroaches to take photos of the earthquakes
D．they want to send signals to the packs on the cockroaches
10．What can cockroaches do to help people?
A．They can lift 20 times their own weight.
B．They can help people to carry very small cameras.
C．They can breed hundreds of cockroaches.
D．They can search for those people in rubble after an earthquake.
11．Scientists control cockroaches’ movements ________.
A．by removing their wings B．by sending signals from the remote control
C．by using very small cameras D．by removing their antennae
12．What problem do the researchers meet with?
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A．The cockroaches sometimes don’t move.
B．The cockroaches sometimes move in the wrong direction.
C．The cockroaches arc too big to move through earthquake rubble.
D．The cockroaches can only lift 20 times their own weight.
13．What’s the object of this article?
A．The cockroaches B．The signals C．The cockroach robotD．The researchers
（2023·天津和平·统考二模）The opera of Dream of the Red Chamber《红楼梦》, the first opera adapted
from an 18th century Chinese novel of the same name, returned to San Francisco in mid-June this year, six years
after its world debut（首演）. The opera, developed for Western audiences Zhang Meigui, a 28-year-old opera
singer, played the role of Daiyu in the opera. To show the audience a fresh version（版本）, she had been
preparing for the opera for half a year. “I’ve watched the video of the 2016 production for many times. I think the
performance of the singer （playing Daiyu） is excellent, which is very challenging and requires a lot of
skills,”she said. “For example, Daiyu finds her world increasingly helpless as her health continues to worsen. She
sings, ‘When spring is gone and beauty is spent’, who cares for the dying flowers?” “The singer needs to keep the
high notes（高音） with a soft sound, which requires more breath support and air control.” said Zhang, “Some
parts of the music are more powerful and require very expressive sound.” Bright Sheng, the opera’s composer,
explained in an interview why Daiyu sang in a loud voice. “Music carries feelings that words cannot explain or
say. To me, beating her chest as she looks up at the sky to ask these questions.” For the new production, Sheng
said he made some changes. He said, “A great opera is not only a big musical theater in action, but also a perfect
mixture of music and drama.”
“There’s no boundary in the world of music. It can connect people with different backgrounds. I hope
American people will be touched by this opera and experience the beauty of Chinese culture,” Zhang added.
16．When was the opera first performed in San Francisco?
A．In the 18th century. B．In 1987. C．In 2016. D．In 2022.
17．How did Zhang Meigui prepare for the performance?
A．By reading the original work. B．By practicing new singing skills.
C．By communicating with the composer. D．By learning from the performer of the old version.
18．Why did Sheng mention Daiyu in Paragraph 4?
A．To interview the actress. B．To express his ideas of the novel.
C．To explain why she sang loud. D．To show his feeling about her.
19．In which part of a newspaper can we read the passage?
A．Sports Event. B．Health Guide. C．Great Discovery. D．Music and Art.
20．What can we infer（推断） from the passage?
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A．This opera will be a must-see for people.
B．The opera helps to spread Chinese culture.
C．The opera should be the most popular one in China.
D．This opera is sure to bring a lot of foreigners to China.
（2023·天津红桥·统考二模）To compete with online sellers, traditional bookstores have tried everything to
win customers. And it’s true that a great bookstore can encourage people to read in many ways.
Here are some go bookstores in China and other countries that you should visit.
Eslite Bookstore, Taipei, China
The Eslite Bookstore is a cultural landmark in Taipei. It has fashion boutiques （精品店）, cafes, galleries
and other spaces. It also holds lots of reading-relate activities including exhibitions and talks with famous writers.
Sanlian Taofen Bookstore, Beijing, China
It is 11:30 p.m. and getting late. But the Beijing Sanian Taofen Bookstore is still shining brightly. Hundreds
of people are staying inside for one thing: to read. The bookstore runs 24 hours a day, and it’s the first bookstore
of its hind in Beijing.
Shakespeare & Company, Paris, France
France doesn’t have Shakepeare but it has Shakepeare & Company. Many great writers used to meet
here, such as Ezra Pound（US）and Ernest Hemingway(US）. Today, it helps young writers by allowing them to
live and work here.
Strand Bookstore, New York, America
Strand Bookstore is a secondhand bookstore. It sells used books for $2-3 each. Sometimes you can find very
old and rare（稀有的） books at Strand, for example, a Shakespeare book that was published in 1632.The book
is worth $125, 000!
21．Which bookstore runs 24 hours a day?
A．Eslite Bookstore. B．Sanlian Taofen Bookstore.
C．Shakespeare & Company. D．Strand Bookstore.
22．Who used to meet in Shakespeare & Company according to the passage?
A．Jane Austin and Mark Twain. B．Ernest Hemingway and Mark Twain.
C．Ezra Pound and Jane Austin. D．Ernest Hemingway and Ezra Pound.
23．What can’t be found in Eslite Bookstore?
A．Fashion boutiques. B．Cafes.
C．Galleries. D．Exhibitions and talks with film stars.
24．What are people doing in Sanlian Taofen Bookstore at 11: 30 pm?
A．They are buying books. B．They are talking with friends.
C．They are reading books. D．They are listening to music.
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25．What is special about Strand Bookstore?
A．It sells new books. B．It is a cultural landmark in New York.
C．Young writers can live and work there. D．You can find very old and rare books there.
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