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►第 11 讲 主谓一致（讲义）
目录
一 复习目标 掌握目标及备考方向
二 考情分析 2023年中考主谓一致考情分析
三 网络构建 知识点头脑风暴
1.主谓一致的原则
四 名词考向 2.主谓一致的应用
3.提升必考题型归纳
五 真题感悟 主谓一致经典考题
【复习目标】
1.掌握主谓一致的原则
2.掌握主谓一致的应用
【考情分析】
主谓一致题型命题规律
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三
原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。《义务教育英语课程标准
(2022年版)》对主谓一致仅要求理解。近3年，主谓一致在中考英语试题主要集中
在用动词适当形式填空、句型转换、汉译英、单项选择、完形填空及其它类型的
填空题中都出现主谓搭配的试题，解答任务型阅读以及书面表达题型时，学生就
必须考虑主谓一致。因此，考生必须掌握主谓一致。在学习过程中，要掌握主谓
一致的基本用法及常见搭配。近几年，主谓一致与时态、语态综合考查成为命题
的方向。
【网络构建】
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考向一主谓一致的原则
1. 语法一致原则
主要指语法形式上一致，即谓语动词必须在人称和数的形式上与主语保持一致，这一原则多适用于句
子主语是名词或代词的情况。
He is a famous singer.
The boys who are playing the guitar are my cousins.
Life is full of the unexpected.
A sad movie makes me cry.
Their mother cooks breakfast for them every morning.
2. 意义一致原则
以主语表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单、复数。这一原则多适用于句中主语为集体名词、“the+形容
词/v-ed/v-ing”、以-s结尾的名词、what-从句；由and或both...and连接的并列主语；主语为时间、度量、价
值、数目等意义的词语、某些不定代词、what、which、who等。
The class is more than fifty students.（class指班级）
Generally speaking, the disable need more help.
Someone is knocking at the door.
3. 就近原则
谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。这一原则多适用于“there be”句型、由or, neither...nor,
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either...or, not only...but also...连接的并列主语以及倒装句型。
There is an apple and two pears on the table.
There are two pears and an apple on the table.
考向二 主谓一致的应用
1. 谓语动词用单数
(1) 不可数名词作主语时
Water is very important for humans.
Knowledge is power.
Happiness lies first of all in health.
(2) 表示时间、金钱、距离、长度等名词复数和数词作主语时
Eight hours of sleep is enough .
Thirty minutes was given to prepare for the lesson.
Ten kilometers is a long distance.
(3) 主语为each, either, neither或由each, either, neither, every, no所修饰时
Each of the students has a dictionary.
Either is good enough for me.
Neither of the books is useful to him.
No man is born wise.
(4) 主语为any, some, every, no所构成的复合不定代词时
Anyone who arrives here first will get a present.
I think that something interesting is going to happen.
Everybody deserves a chance.
Nothing is more important than health.
(5) 主语为little, much或被much修饰时
Very little has been done about it.
Much of the time was wasted.
Much water is needed in this place.
(6) 主语为“many a/more than one+单数名词”和“one and a half+名词复数”时
Many a visitor has been to the Great Wall.
More than one chair is in the room.
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One and a half bananas is eaten by the little girl.
(7) “one of/ the number of+名词复数”做主语时
One of these notebooks is mine.
The number of the members in the swimming club is 50.
(8) 学科、国家、书籍、机构、报刊等名词作主语时
Physics is not his strong point.
China is a developing country.
Treasure Island is the most interesting book I’ve read.
The United Nations was formed in 1945.
2. 谓语动词用复数
(1) 主语为both, few, a few, many, several或由其所修饰时
Both of my sisters are teachers.
A few vegetables were left.
Several of the grapes are bad.
(2) “the+形容词”表示一类人（如：the deaf, the blind, the old, the young, the rich, the poor等）作主语时
The young are full of energy.
(3) “the+姓氏的复数形式”作主语时
The Smiths were watching TV this time last night.
(4) 山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时
The Olympic Games are held once every four years.
The Rocky mountains stand in the west of the north America.
(5) 只有复数概念的集体名词（people, police, cattle等）作主语时
These people volunteer to clean the park on weekends.
Police are hunting the criminal.
3. 谓语动词的形式视情况而定
(1) 主语为某些集体名词（如：family, class, team, army, club, public, audience等）时
① 看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数
His family has moved into the new house.
The public was convinced of his innocence.
There was a big audience at the evening party.
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② 看作其中的成员，谓语动词用复数
The class are busy cleaning the classroom.
The audience were deeply moved by the plot.
My family are waiting for me.
(2) 主语为all, any, some, most, enough,half或由其所修饰时
① 主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数
All of the players want to win the game.
I don’t think any of my friends are interested in this movie.
Some of the women have long curly black hair.
② 主语表示单数意义或代表不可数名词，谓语动词用单数
All of the work has been finished.
Most of the food tastes delicious.
Half of the land is covered by grass.
(3) 主语为“the rest of、the last of、 lots of、plenty of、分数/百分数+of+名词”的结构时，谓语动词的形式与
of后的名词的单复数决定
The rest of the food is eaten by him.
The rest of the students are staying at the classroom.
Two thirds of the members are girls.
More than fifty percent of the land was covered by snow.
(4) 主语为none时
① 表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数
She tried ten hats, but none were suited her.
None have arrived here yet.
② 表示单数意义或代表不可数名词，谓语动词用单数
We need to buy some milk, because none is left.
None is as tall as Tom.
(5) 一些由两个对应部分组成的可数名词复数，如：trousers, shorts, glasses, pants,scissors等作主语时
① 前面若无a pair of, a set of, series of等这类的单位词，通常视为复数，谓语动词用 复数形
式；
My glasses are broken.
His trousers have worn out.
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The scissors aren’t sharp.
② 若带有单位词，则由单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
A pair of pants is on his bed.
Three pairs of trousers are enough.
(6) and连接并列主语时
① 并列主语表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数
Lily and Grace are good friends.
A singer and an actor were having dinner in my restaurant yesterday.
② 并列主语表示同一个人、同一概念、同一事或同一物时，谓语动词用单数
A worker and engineer was giving a lecture from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. yesterday afternoon.
The singer and dancer is popular among the young people.
Bread and butter is his favorite food.
(7) “there be”句型中谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。
There is a bank and two shops on this road.
There are two shops and a bank on this road.
(8) 由or, neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also...连接的并列主语，谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一
致。
Either he or I am going to attend the meeting on Friday.
Either I or he is going to attend the meeting on Friday.
(9) 主语后跟介词 along with, besides, together with, with 等引导的短语，或者跟连接词 as well as, other than,
rather than等连接的短语时，其谓语动词与这些短语前边的主语保持一致
My mother together with my brothers has seen the film.
I as well as my sister am good at English.
His brother, rather than his parents is fond of the country music.
(10) 非谓语动词作主语
① 单独的不定式、V-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数
Listening to music is a way too relax myself.
To save the endangered animals is what we need to do.
② 如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表示同一概念，谓语动词用单数；如果表示不同概念，谓语动词用
复数
To go to bed early and to get up early is a good habit.
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To work and to live are two different things but they are always together.
(11) 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词保持一致。
① 先行词是单数时，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数时，从句的谓语动词用复数
I want to know the man who is singing in the music room.
The pens which are on the desk belong to Alice.
② “one of+可数名词复数”作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用复数；“the only/very/ right one of+”可数
名词复数”作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用单数
Jack is one of the musicians who were awarded.
Jack is the only one of the musicians who was awarded.
一、单项选择
1．（2023·吉林长春·校联考模拟预测）There ________ a notice on the wall. It says we will go camping
tomorrow.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
2．（2023·甘肃陇南·模拟预测）There ________ a concert next week.
A．is going to be B．are going to be C．is going to have D．is going to has
3．（2023·甘肃陇南·统考一模）Not only my parents but also I ________ interested in the CCTV show Cheers
Science.
A．am B．is C．are D．were
4．（2023·湖南湘西·统考二模）Not only you but also he ________ playing soccer.
A．to like B．like C．likes
5．（2023·湖北孝感·统考三模）Outdoor activities can ________ make kids stronger ________ help them get
more knowledge.
A．either…or B．not only…but also C．neither…nor D．not…but
6．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州杨桥中学校考三模）I’m looking for a baby-sitter. She must be________ too
old________ too young.
A．both; and B．neither; nor C．either; or
7．（2023·福建三明·统考二模）—Mom, can I have the white dress and the red skirt?
—Sorry, dear. They cost too much, but you can choose ________ the dress ________ the skirt.
A．both; and B．either; or C．neither; nor
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8．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第十七中学校校考三模）Neither Jim nor his teacher and I ________
satisfied ________ Jim’s result of the exam.
A．am; with B．are; with C．am; about
9．（2023·四川自贡·校考一模）—Tony, I called you but you didn’t answer.
—Oh, sorry. I together with my cousins ________ watching a movie in the cinema.
A．were B．was C．is
10．（2023·吉林四平·校联考三模）—John, as well as his parents, ________ fishing every Saturday.
—With “Double Reduction” policy (“双减”政策) carried out, students have more time to take part in after-school
activities.
A．is going B．go C．goes
11．（2023·黑龙江绥化·校考三模）Sue with her parents often ________ hills on Sundays.
A．climb B．climbs C．climbed
12．（2023·江苏扬州·统考三模）_______ are crazy about listening to pop music in their spare time．
A．Bill as well as his friends B．Neither Victor nor Tom
C．Not only Tim but also the twins D．Either Anita or Jack
13．（2022·江苏常州·统考一模）This English book, together with its listening material, ________ well.
A．sells B．is sold C．sell D．are sold
14．（2023·广西南宁·南宁十四中校考一模）Mr. Wang as well as his wife ________ planning to go to Beijing
for a holiday next month.
A．are B．is C．was
15．（2022下·上海浦东新·九年级上海市进才中学校考期中）Lucy as well as her parents _________ supper at
home yesterday when the telephone _________.
A．were having; was ringing B．were having; rang
C．was having; rang D．had; was ringing
16．（2022·黑龙江鸡西·校考一模）—The man with his dogs often ________ out in the park in the evening.
—The dogs are very big and strong.
A．goes B．going C．to go
17．（2023·湖北恩施·统考二模）—How much _______ this pair of shoes?
—Sixty dollars _______ enough.
A．is; is B．are; is C．are; are
18．（2022·河北保定·统考一模）Ten months __________ a long time, but it’s enough for us to build the bridge.
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A．is B．isn’t C．are D．aren’t
19．（2022·四川达州·统考一模）________ weeks ________ enough.
A．The third; are B．The third; were C．Three; are D．Three; was
20．（2023·浙江·模拟预测）Two thirds of the population in that faraway village ________ farmers.
A．are B．is C．have D．has
21．（2023·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）________ books in our library ________ about 20,000.
A．The number of; are B．A number of; is C．The number of; is
22．（2023·吉林长春·长春市解放大路学校校考模拟预测）—How many students are there in one classroom in
the USA?
—The number of them ________ about twenty.
A．is B．are C．am D．be
23．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）— What shall we do to stay in shape, Lucy?
— Both jogging and swimming ________ good choices.
A．is B．am C．are
24．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中学校考模拟预测）________ of the students in our class ________
going to the summer camp in Xiamen next week.
A．Two fifths; is B．Second fifths; are C．Two fifths; are
25．（2023·甘肃武威·统考模拟预测）Between the two buildings ________ a school.
A．has B．have C．stands D．stand
26．（2023·甘肃定西·校考模拟预测）The number of people invited ________ fifty, but a number of them
________ absent for different reasons.
A．was; were B．was; was C．were; was D．were; were
27．（2023·甘肃定西·统考三模）In this club, a number of basketball players ________ from the US. The
number of them ________ 30.
A．is; are B．are; is C．comes; are D．come; are
28．（2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·内蒙古师范大学附属学校校考二模）The survey on the children ________ that
more than five sixths of them ________ interested in science books because they seems a little boring.
A．show; is B．shows; are C．shows; is D．show; are
29．（2023·江苏徐州·校考二模）The survey shows that ________ of the students ________ reading English
novels.
A．two-third; is B．two-three; are C．two-thirds; is D．two-thirds; are
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30．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考一模）The number of teachers in our school ________ greatly increased last
term. A number of teachers in this school ________ from the countryside.
A．was；is B．was；are C．were；are
二、用所给单词适当形式填空
31．（2023·甘肃陇南·统考三模）The number of visitors to the museum every day (be) more than
5,000.
32．（2023·甘肃临夏·统考模拟预测）Not only my parents but also I (be) going to stay at home this
weekend.
33．（2023·甘肃定西·统考二模）My teacher always says that English (be) a helpful subject.
34．（2023·黑龙江·统考二模）Three quarters of the earth’s surface (be) covered by water.
35．（2023·内蒙古包头·包头市第三十五中学校考三模）The plan made by my classmates last week
(be) different from mine.
三、完成句子
36．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·重庆南开中学校考二模）学无坦途。(完成译句)
no smooth road to leaning for us.
37．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·重庆八中校考三模）看！有人正在校门口等你呢。（完成译句）
Look! There someone for you at the school gate.
38．（2023·内蒙古通辽·统考一模）早餐我一般不是吃蛋糕就是吃面包。
I usually eat cakes bread for breakfast.
39．（2023·甘肃平凉·校考三模）In winter it often (下雪) in the north of China.
40．（2023·甘肃平凉·校考三模）Jim doesn’t like playing the piano, and Jack doesn’t, either.（改为同义句）
Jim Jack likes playing the piano.
一、单项选择
1．（2023·湖南湘西·统考中考真题）There ________ a Miao Drum Culture Festival (苗鼓文化节) in the
southwest of China next weekend.
A．is B．will have C．will be
2．（2023·内蒙古·统考中考真题）The number of students in this school ________ five hundred, and about
________ of them like creative English homework.
A．is; three fifth B．is; three fifths C．are; three fifth D．are; three fifths
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3．（2023·内蒙古·统考中考真题）Not only Jim but also his sister ________ a few cities since they came to
China.
A．have visited B．has visited C．visited D．visits
4．（2023·西藏·统考中考真题）There ________ a clear lake in my city.
A．be B．am C．is D．are
5．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）The number of the students in our class ________ fifty-four.
A．be B．is C．are D．am
6．（2022·吉林长春·统考中考真题）There ________ a sign on the wall. It says you mustn’t smoke here.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
7．（2022·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）Next year, _______ a new road leading to the village.
A．there is B．there are C．there will be D．there was
8．（2022·湖南湘西·统考中考真题）There ________ only one earth but billions of (数十亿) people in the
world, so we should protect the earth.
A．have B．is C．are
9．（2022·辽宁大连·统考中考真题）Once a term, there ________ a parents’ meeting in our school.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
10．（2022·广西玉林·统考中考真题）— As far as I know, there _____ a high-speed train from Yulin to
Shenzhen in 2023.
— Yeah! It will be more convenient for the people in Yulin.
A．will be B．has C．is D．will have
11．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题）—There will be ________ tomorrow. We can’t eat out.
—Well, we have to stay at home.
A．rainy B．rain C．raining
12．（2022·广西柳州·中考真题）Everyone ________ here. Let’s go.
A．am B．are C．is
13．（2022·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）— The song Together for a Shared Future is very popular now.
— That’s for sure! Both the young and the old ________ it.
A．likes B．like C．liked
14．（2022·广西贵港·统考中考真题）—There ________ a talk by Zhong Nanshan in our school tomorrow
afternoon.
—Great! We can’t wait!
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A．is B．was C．will be D．will have
15．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）With the introduction of the “double reduction” policy (双减政策), one
of the ________ ________ that the students have less homework.
A．changes; is B．change; is C．changes; are
16．（2022·贵州黔东南·统考中考真题）In our school library, there _________ a number of books on art. The
number of the books _________ still growing larger and larger.
A．is; is B．are; is C．is; are D．are; are
17．（2022·贵州铜仁·统考中考真题）—Using public chopsticks ______ necessary when eating with others.
—That’s right.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
18．（2022·贵州毕节·统考中考真题）Neither Saturday nor Sunday________ OK because I will be quite busy
these two days.
A．are B．is C．am D．be
19．（2022·天津·统考中考真题）A lot of birds ________ in nature parks every year.
A．protect B．is protected C．are protected D．protected
20．（2022·天津·统考中考真题）We hope ________ a computer on every student’s desk in the future.
A．there is B．there was C．there will be D．there has been
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