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专题 07 主谓一致
语法一致：主语是单数，谓语用单数；主语是复数，谓语用复数。
考点分布 意义一致：集体名词作主语，表整体时谓语用单数，
就近一致：由or、either...or等连接并列主语，谓语与最近主语一致。
考情 题型分布 主要出现在单项选择、完形填空、语法填空等题型中。
分析 考法：重基础，强调语境运用，设干扰项混淆规则。
考法与
比重：分值占2 - 4分，虽占比不高，但贯穿各题型，还常与其他语法结合，不容忽
比重
视。
语境化 融入生活场景、故事叙述等语境，要求结合上下文判断。
常和时态、语态、从句等综合考查，如 “The students who have finished their homework
命题 综合化
______ (be) allowed to play outside.” （are）。
规律
高频化 考查频繁，每年在不同题型中出现，常见考点反复考。
生活化 围绕学校、家庭、社会现象等话题，体现英语实用性。
考点一 语法一致原则
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1．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）Having good manners ________ necessary when you visit a foreign country.
A．are B．is C．was
2．（2022·江苏南京·中考真题）The teacher told us that the gravity on Mars (be) only about three-eighths of
that on Earth.
用法和例句
语法一致,即主谓在语法形式上的一致。如果主语是单数,谓语动词就用单数形式;如果主语是复数,谓语
动词就用复数形式。
(1).单数名词／代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
She sings an English song every morning.
To help others is to help ourselves.
Seeing is believing.
What he said is not true.
(2). and或both...and...连接名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。
语 Mike and Jack are good friends.
法 Both my sister and I are tall.
一 [注意]①.当and连接的两个名词指同一个人或物时,谓语动词用单数。
致
The writer and singer has come.
原
②．当and连接的单数名词被 each,every或no 修饰时,谓语动词一般用单数。
则
Each boy and each girl was given an apple just now.
2. 在“A＋with(together with/along with/except/besides,but/as well as,including, rather than等)＋B＋
谓语动词”结构中,谓语动词形式和前面的A部分保持一致。
The boy together with his friends plays football every week.
3. 复合不定代词,如someone,everything,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Everyone is here.
4. 有些只有复数形式的名词,如glasses,clothes等单独作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但当其前有a/
two...＋pair(s)/cup(s)/piece(s)/bottle(s)...＋of等表度量的短语修饰时,谓语动词的单复数取决于表度量
的名词的单复数。
A pair of new shoes is given to him as a present by his grandma.
Here are some new pairs of shoes.
5. “the number of+名词复数”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；“a number of+名词复数”作主语，谓语
动词用复数形式。
The number of the students of the school is about 600, and a number of them are from Guilin.
6. 主语前若有all, some, half, enough等形容词或three fourths（3／4）等分数修饰时，谓语动词
的数由名词类别和数量决定；若为复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数形式；若为单数可数名词或不可数
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名词，谓语动词则用单数形式。
All of the meat smells terrible.
All of the boys were doing sports this time yesterday.
Three fifths of the workers in the factory are men.
Two thirds of the bread is eaten by the mouse.
考点二 意义一致原则
1．（2021·江苏泰州·二模）This morning the Greens (clean) the house, but I am not sure if they have
completed it so far.
2．（2020·江苏宿迁·模拟预测）The police (catch) hundreds of criminals since last September.
意义一致原则：是指从意义上着眼处理主谓一致关系，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于主语所表达的
概念，而不取决于表面语法标志。
意
义 1. 有些集体名词,如family,class,public,group等作主语时,若表示一个集体,谓语动词用单数形式;若表
一 示集体中的成员,谓语动词用复数形式。
致
His family is a big one.他的家庭是个大家庭。
原
则
His family are watching TV.他的家人正在看电视。
(2) 有些集体名词,如people,police等,表示复数意义,谓语动词只能用复数形式。
The police haven’t caught the thief yet.
(3)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时,看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
Ten years is a long time.
(4)“the+形容词”表示一类人,“the+姓氏的复数形式”表示夫妇或一家人,它们作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
The Greens are leaving for Shanghai next week.
(5) 某些代词或短语,如half (of),plenty (of)等作主语时,谓语动词应根据其所修饰的名词来决定单复
数。
Two thirds of the work has been finished.
(6)有些名词如news,means,politics, maths等以-s结尾,但表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式。
Maths is one of the most important subjects.
考点三 就近原则
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1．（2023·江苏无锡·一模）I know neither the twin sisters nor Jim (play) such exciting games before.
2．（2023·江苏无锡·一模）Not only the UK itself but also other European countries (care) a lot about the
new Era of Brexit (脱欧新时代) these days.
就近一致,即谓语的单复数形式取决于最靠近谓语的主语的单复数形式。
就
(1)当there be句型后跟单个名词时,be的单复数与名词的单复数一致。名词是单数用is,是复数用are。
近
原 当there be后跟两个或几个并列的主语时,be的单复数形式与其最靠近的那个主语一致。
则
There is a book and three dictionaries on the desk.
(2)not only...but also...,either...or...,neither...nor...等连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词必须与它最近
的主语保持一致。
Not only he but also I am going to Beijing.
考点四 就远原则
1．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）Lily as well as her family (climb) the green mountain nearby at this time of
year.
2．（2023·江苏无锡·二模）Tom together with his parents (plan) his birthday party when the door bell
rang.
就远原则，即谓语的单复数形式取决于与谓语较远的那个主语的单复数。
主语后跟with短语；The teacher with his students is preparing for the exam. 谓语动词“is”与前面的主语
“The teacher”保持一致，尽管后面跟了“with his students”。
主语后跟except短语 Everyone except Tom and Jerry likes this movie. 谓语动词“likes”与前面的主语
就
“Everyone”保持一致，尽管后面跟了“except Tom and Jerry”。
远
主语后跟as well as短语 He, as well as his brothers, enjoys reading. 谓语动词“enjoys”与前面的主语
原
“He”保持一致，尽管后面跟了“as well as his brothers”。
则
主语后跟rather than短语 She, rather than they, is responsible for the project. 谓语动词“is”与前面的主
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语“She”保持一致，尽管后面跟了“rather than they”。
主语后跟including短语 The book, including its appendices, has been translated into multiple languages.
谓语动词“has”与前面的主语“The book”保持一致，尽管后面跟了“including its appendices”。
一、单项选择
1．—Only a small number of students ________ able to pass the exam.
—Yes, the number of the students ________ no more than 20.
A．is; is B．are; is C．are; are
2．This pair of trousers ________ long for her.
A．is kind of B．are kind of C．is kinds of D．are kinds of
3．— What shall we do to stay in shape, Lucy?
— Both jogging and swimming ________ good choices.
A．is B．am C．are
4．There are many rules in our school, for example, eating snacks ________ in our classroom.
A．are not allowed B．is not allowed C．allow D．allows
5．About one third of my classmates ________ their parents do housework on weekends.
A．helps B．help C．to help D．helped
6．The writer and speaker ________ a speech on Chinese culture in the hall now.
A．are giving B．is giving C．will give D．has given
7．Either of the two boys ________ interested in math or history.
A．is B．are C．has D．have
8．Maths ________ easy for me, but I still like it very much.
A．are B．aren’t C．is D．isn’t
9．No news ________ good news.
A．am B．are C．is D．be
10．—Bob, hurry up! We only have 15 minutes.
—Oh, Dad, 15 minutes ________ enough for us.
A．is B．have C．were D．was
11．Three years ________ a short time. So we have to value the time we work together.
A．is B．are C．has D．have
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12．My family __________ a big one. My family __________ all here.
A．is; is B．is; are C．are; are D．are; is
13．—In the city, the old ________.
—Yes, that is a wonderful program.
A．care for B．is looked after well C．are taken good care of
14．Look! Some sheep ________ grass near the lake.
A．eat B．is eating C．are eating D．eats
15．—Either Lucy or Jim and I ________ going to see a wonderful movie.
—Wow! The film is worth seeing.
A．are B．is C．am
16．Neither the parents nor the teacher ________ the students to stay out late.
A．don’t allow B．allows C．doesn’t allow D．allow
17．Not only my brother but also I ______ tea. We think tea is very healthy.
A．drink B．likes C．loved
18．Not only Lily and Lucy but also Alice ________ well in Chinese.
A．do B．does C．doing D．to do
19．There ________ some pieces of news about the World Cup in today’s newspaper.
A．have B．has C．are D．is
20．There ________ a pencil box and some books in my schoolbag.
A．/ B．is C．are
21．Here ________ some good news about our school.
A．is B．are C．have D．has
22．—Why can’t you go shopping with us now?
—I with my mum ________ my room. It’s so dirty.
A．clean B．am cleaning C．cleans D．is cleaning
23．Henry together with all his classmates ________ invited to the party for their good job last week.
A．was B．were C．are
24．Li Hua along with her cousins ________ to Shanghai next week.
A．is going B．are going C．have gone
25．—Nancy, where is your brother?
—He as well as his classmates __________ the World Cup games in that room.
A．watch B．watches C．is watching D．are watching
26．Mrs Black as well as her husband and children, ________ to visit our school tomorrow.
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A．are going B．were C．is going D．will be
27．Everyone except Tom and Mike London before.
A．has gone to B．have been to C．have gone to D．has been to
28．—Where are the students now?
—Everyone except the twins ________ to Water Forest Scenic Spot (水上森林景区).
A．has gone B．has been C．have gone D．have been
29．—Have you heard about that school bus accident?
—Yes, fortunately all on board including the driver ________.
A．were saved B．was saved C．have saved D．has been saved
30．85% of the earth ________ covered by water.
A．am B．is C．are D．be
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